CN303 Statistics Tutorial 1 1.

. A bag contains 20 marbles, 3 are coloured red, 6 are coloured green, 4 are coloured blue, 2 are coloured white and 5 are coloured yellow. One ball is selected at random. Find the probabilities of the following events. (a) the ball is either red or green (b) the ball is not blue The following people are in a room: 5 men over 21, 4 men under 21, 6 women over 21, and 3 women under 21. One person is chosen at random. The following events are defined: A = {the person is over 21}; B = {the person is under 21}; C = {the person is male}; D = { the person is female}. Evaluate the following: (a) P(B D) (b) P(A C) Express the meaning of these quantities in words. A box consists of 10 goods, 4 with minor defects, and 2 with major defects. One article is chosen at random. Find the probability that: (a) it has no defects (b) it has no major defects (c) it is either good or has major defects A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. What is the probability that it is an ace or a face card? In a single throw of two dice, what is the probability that neither a double nor a 9 will appear? A bag contains 10 balls, 3 red and 7 white. Let A be the event where first ball is red and B be the event where second ball is red. Construct a tree diagram to represent the options, indicating probabilities on the branches. Now calculate the probability that the second ball is white. There are 60 students in a local college. Mathematics is studied by 27 of them, statistics by 20 and 22 study neither mathematics nor statistics. a) Find the probability that a randomly selected student studies both mathematics and statistics. b) Find the probability that a randomly selected mathematics student does not study statistics. A student is selected at random. Determine whether the event studying mathematics is statistically independent of the event studying statistics. 8. A math class consists of 14 women and 16 men. Of these, 12 of the men and half of the women study computer science. A person is chosen at random from the class. Find the probability that the person selected is: (a) a woman (b) studying computer science; (c) a woman who is studying computer science; (d) a woman or man is taking computer science. A man owns a house in town A and another house in town B. In any one year the probability of the house in town A being burgled is 0.01 and the probability of the house in town B being burgled is 0.05. In any one year what is the probability that: (a) both will be burgled? (b) one or the other (but not both) will be burgled?

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A central heating installation and maintenance engineer keeps a record of the causes of failure of systems he is called out to repair. The causes of failure are classified as electrical, gas, or in rare cases other. A summary of the records kept of failures involving either gas or electrical faults is as follows: Electric No 11 13

Gas

Yes No

Yes 53 23

(a) Find the probability that failure involves gas given that it involves electricity. (b) Find the probability that failure involves electricity given that it involves gas. 11. A random sample of 80 pre-cast concrete beams was selected from a large batch of such beams and inspected for faults. The results were: Distortion Yes No 3 5 7 65 10 70 Total 8 72 80

Surface Cracking Total a.

Yes No

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Estimate the probabilities that a beam is : i. Cracked (C) ii. Distorted (D) iii. Cracked and distorted iv. Cracked or distorted v. Cracked but not distorted vi. Not faulty Are the events {cracked}, {distorted} independent? Use the table to confirm the rules : i. P(C or D) = P + P(D) P(C and D) ii. P(C and D) = P(C) P(D given C)

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The completion of a construction project could be delayed by bad weather, material shortages or by labour shortages. The site-engineer estimates the probabilities of delays to be : 10% due to bad weather, 15% due to material shortages, and 5% due to labour shortages. i. ii. If these sources are independent, find the probability that the project will be delayed Should the project be delayed, what is the probability that the delay will have been caused by bad weather only?