Bhagavad Gita Hindi - Adhyay 02

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f}rh; v/;k; !%
f}rh;ks·/;k;%
l´t; mokpµ
ra rFkk Ïi;kfo"VeJqiw.kkZdqys{k.ke~A
fo"khnUrfena okD;eqokp e/kqlwnu%AAAA
vUo;µl´t;% mokp (l´t;us dgk) rFkk (ml izdkj)
Ïi;k&vkfo"Ve~ (d#.kkls vfHkHkwr) vJqiw.kZ&vkdqy&bZ{k.ke~ (vk¡lqvksals
iw.kZ rFkk O;kdqy us=ksaokys) fo"khnUre~ (fo"kkn;qDr) re~ (vtqZudks)
e/kqlwnu% (e/kqlwnuus) bne~ okD;e~ (;g opu) mokp (dgk)AAAA
vuqoknµl´t;us dgkµml izdkj d#.kkls vfHkHkwr] vJqiw.kZ rFkk
O;kdqy us=ksaokys] fo"kkn;qDr vtqZudks JhHkxoku~ e/kqlwnuus ;g opu
dgkAAAA
JhHkxokuqokpµ
dqrLRok d'eyfena fo"kes leqifLFkre~A
vuk;Ztq"VeLoX;Zedh£ÙkdjetZqu AAAA
vUo;µJhHkxoku~ mokp (JhHkxoku~us dgk) vtqZu (gs vtqZu!)
Rok (rqEgsa) fo"kes (foindkyesa) dqr% (fdl dkj.kls) vuk;Ztq"Ve~
(vuk;ks±ds vkpfjr) vLoX;Ze~ (LoxZdks u nsusokyk) vdh£Ùkdje~
(dh£Ùkdks ugha nsusokyk) bne~ (;g) d'eye~ (eksg) leqifLFkre~
(mifLFkr gqvk)AAAA
vuqoknµJhHkxoku~us dgkµgs vtqZu! fdl gsrq rqEgsa bl Hkh"k.k
foindkyesa vuk;ks±ds }kjk vkpfjr] LoxZ rFkk dh£Ùkdks ugha nsusokyk ;g
eksg mifLFkr gqvk\AAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµ vkRekukRefoosdsu 'kksdeksgreks uqnu~A
f}rh;s Ï".kpUæks·= izksps eqäL; y{k.ke~AA
d'eya eksg%A fo"kes·= laxzkelÁVs] dqrks gsrks%A mifLFkra Roka
izkIreHkwr~\ vuk;Ztq"Ve~ lqizfrf"BryksdSjlsfore~ vLoX;Zedh£Ùkdjfefr
ikjf=dSfgdlq[k&izfrdwyfeR;FkZ%AA&AA
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!& JheÚxoåhrk (!
Hkkokuqoknµbl f}rh; v/;k;esa Hkxoku~ JhÏ".kpUnzus vkRe rFkk

vukRe foosdds }kjk 'kksd&eksg:ih vU/kdkjdks nwj djrs gq, eqDr
iq#"kksadk y{k.k dgk gSA ^d'eye~* dk vFkZ gSµ S eksg] ^fo"kes* dk vFkZ
gSµbl ;q¼ lÁVesa] ^dqr%* dk vFkZ gSµfdl dkj.kls] ^mifLFkra* dk
vFkZ gSµrqEgsa vkJ; fd;k gSA ^vuk;Ztq"Ve~* dk rkRi;Z gSµlqizfrf"Br
yksxksads }kjk vlEekfur ,oa ^vLoX;Ze vdh£Ùkdje~* dk rkRi;Z
gSµikjekfFkZd vkSj ,sfgd lq[kksads izfrdwyAA&AA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµ/k`rjk"Vªdks ;g tkudj cgqr gh vkuUn
gqvk fd ;q¼ds iwoZ gh vtqZuds ân;esa lglk /keZ&izo`fÙk tkx mBh
gSA og ^vfgalk ijeks/keZ%* dh uhfrdk voyEcudj ;q¼ls foeq[k gks
jgk gSA bUgksaus eu&gh&eu fopkj fd;kµ^^lkSHkkX;dh ckr gS fd ;q¼
ugha gksusls esjs iq=ksadk jkT; fu£o?u vkSj vVy gks tk,xkA** rFkkfi]
mUgksaus ;g iz'u fd;kµ^^rRi'pkr~ D;k gqvk\** lw{e cqf¼lEiUu
l´t;us mudh Hkkoukdks rkM+ fy;kA mUgksaus cM+h dq'kyrkiwoZd
vU/kjktds vuqeku ,oa vk'kkdks pw.kZ djrs gq, dgkµ^^vtqZudh ,slh
fLFkfr ns[kdj Hkh Hkxoku~ JhÏ".kus mldh mis{kk ugha dh] cfYd ftl
izdkj mUgksaus e/kq nSR;dk o/k fd;k Fkk] vius mlh nq"V&nyu LoHkkoesa
fLFkr jgdj bl le; Hkh os vius LokHkkfod nq"V&nyu laLdkjdks
vtqZuds ân;esa l´pkfjrdj vkids iq=ksadk o/k djkosaxsA fcuk ;q¼ds
gh jkT; izkfIrdh vk'kkdk iks"k.k u djsaA**
l´t; iqu% /k`rjk"Vªls JhÏ".kdh mfDr;ksadk o.kZu djus yxsµ^^;q¼
djuk {kf=;ksadk Lo/keZ gSA ,sls ;q¼ds le; rqe Lo/keZls D;ksa foeq[k
gks jgs gksA ftl ;q¼esa eks{k] LoxZ vkSj dh£Ùk izkIr gksxh] ml /keZ;q¼ds
le; ;q¼ls rqEgkjk oSjkX; gksuk vuk;Z&tq"V vFkkZr~ eqfDrdk
fojks/kh] vLoX;Z vFkkZr~ ikjykSfdd LoxZykHkdk fojks/kh rFkk vdh£Ùkdj
vFkkZr~ ykSfdd lq[k ;k dh£Ùkdk uk'k djusokyk gSAA&AA
DySC;a ekLe xe% ikFkZ uSrÙo¸;qii|rsA
{kqæa ân;nkScZY;a R;DRoksfÙk"B ijUriAAAA
vUo;µikFkZ (gs ikFkZ!) DySC;a (uiqaldrkdks) ek Le xe% (er
izkIr gksvks) ,rr~ (;g) Rof; (rqEgkjs fy,) u mii|rs (mi;qDr
ugha gS) ijUri (gs 'k=qdk neu djusokys!) {kqqnze~ ({kqnz) ân;nkScZY;e~
(ân;dh nqcZyrk) R;DRok (R;kxdj) mfÙk"B ([kMs+ gksvks)AAAA

(! f}rh; v/;k; !'
vuqoknµgs ikFkZ! rqe bl izdkj uiaqldrkdks er izkIr gksvksA rqEgsa

;g 'kksHkk ugha nsrk gSA gs ijUri! rqe bl {kqnz ân;dh nqcZyrkdk ifjR;kx
djrs gq, ;q¼ds fy, [kM+s gksvksAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµDySC;a Dyho/ke± dkr;Ze~] gs ikFkZsfr Roa i`Fkkiq=% lu~
vfi xPNfl] rLekUekLe xe%] ek izkIuqfg] vU;fLeu~ {k=cU/kkS
ojfeneqii|rke~] Rof; eRl[kkS rq uksi;qT;rsA ufUona 'kkS;kZHkkoy{k.ka
DySC;a ek 'kfÁ"Bk%] fdUrq Hkh"eæks.kkfnxq#"kq /keZn`"V~;k foosdks·;a
/kkrZjk"Vªs"kq rq nqcZys"kq enL=k?kkreklk| erqZeq|rs"kq n;Sos;fefr
r=kgµ{kqæfefrA uSrs ro foosdksn;s] fdUrq 'kksdeksgkosoA rkS p eulks
nkScZY;O;´tdkSA rLekr~ ân;nkScZY;fena R;DRok mfÙk"BA gs ijUri!
ijku~ 'k=wu~ rki;u~ ;q/;LoAAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;gk¡ ^DySC;e~* dk vFkZ gSµ^Dyho /keZ:ih dkrjrkA*
gs ikFkZ! rqe i`Fkkiq= gksdj Hkh dkrj gks jgs gks] vr% êk Le xe%*
vFkkZr~ dkrj er gksvksA fdlh vkSj v/ke {kf=;dks ;g 'kksHkk ns
ldrk gS] ijUrq rqe rks esjs l[kk gksA vr% rqEgsa ;g fcYdqy Hkh
'kksHkk ugha ns jgk gSA ;fn rqe dgks fd gs Ï".k! esjh bl 'kwjrkds
vHkko&y{k.kls ;qDr dkrjrkds izfr vk'kadk u djsa] ;g rks /keZdh
n`f"Vls Hkh"e&nzks.kkfn xq#vksads izfr foosd (lEeku) gS rFkk esjs vL=ksals
?kk;y gksdj ej.kksUeq[k nqcZy /k`rjk"Vªiq=ksads izfr n;kdk gh ifjp;
gS] rks bldk mÙkj gSµ^{kqnze~* vFkkZr~ ;s nksuksa rqEgkjs foosd vkSj n;k
ugha] oja 'kksd ,oa eksg gSaA nksuksa gh rqEgkjs eudh nqcZyrkds izdk'kd
gSaA vr,o bl ân;&nkScZY;dk ifjR;kxdj mBksA gs ijUri! îj* vFkkZr~
'k=qdks rki iznku djrs gq, ;q¼ djksAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµJhHkxoku~us dgkµ^^'kwjohj vkSj Lo/keZesa
izfrf"Br {kf=;ksadks ;q¼esa dk;jrk 'kksHkk ugha nsrhA rqe nsojkt bUnzds
va'kls i`Fkkds iq= gksusds dkj.k bUnzds leku gh rstLoh ,oa cyoku
gksA blds vfrfjDr eq> egkegs'ojds l[kk gksusds dkj.k rqe
egkizHkko'kkyh Hkh gks] vr% rqEgkjs fy, ,slh dk;jrk v'kksHkuh; gSA
;fn rqe ,slk dgks fd ;g esjh dk;jrk ugha gS] cfYd foosd vkSj
n;kds dkj.k ,slk dg jgk gw¡] rks bldk mÙkj ;g gS fd ugha! ,slk

" JheÚxoåhrk ("
ugha gSA ;s rqEgkjs foosd vkSj n;k ugha cfYd eudh nqcZyrkLo:i
'kksd vkSj eksg gSaA D;ksafd] foosd vkSj n;kls euesa HkzkfUr mifLFkr
ugha gksrh] fdUrq rqEgkjh iwoksZfDr û p 'kDuksE;oLFkkrqa Hkzerho p
es eu%* (xhrk @) ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd rqEgkjk eu Hkzfer
gks jgk gSA**
;gk¡ ;g tku ysuk vizklafxd ugha gksxk fd nqokZlk ½f"kus viuh
lsok&lqJw"kkls izlUu gksdj dqUrhdks vkokgu djusdk eU= nsrs gq, ojnku
fn;k Fkk fd blls rqe ftl nsorkdk vkokgku djksxh os gh nsork
rqEgsa n'kZu nsdj rqEgkjs euksjFkdks iw.kZ djsaxsA egkjkt ik.Mqds vkns'kls
dqUrhus ml eU=ls /keZ] ok;q vkSj bUnzdk vkokgu fd;kA mlhds
QyLo:i Øe'k% ;qf/kf"Bj] Hkhe vkSj vtqZudk tUe gqvkA ik.Mqdh
nwljh iRuh eknzhds xHkZls nksuksa vf'ouhdqekjksads }kjk udqy vkSj lgnsodk
tUe gqvk FkkAAAA
vtqZu mokpµ
dFka Hkh"eega la[;s æks.k´p e/kqlwnuA
b"kqfHk% izfr;ksRL;kfe iwtkgkZofjlwnuAAAA
vUo;µvtZu mokp (vtqZuus dgk) vfjlwnu e/kqlwnu (gs
'k=qneudkjh e/kqlwnu!) vge~ (eSa) la[;s (;q¼Hkwfeesa) iwtkgkSZ (iwtuh;)
Hkh"ee~ nzks.ke~ p (Hkh"e rFkk nzks.kkpk;Zds izfrdwy) b"kqfHk% (ck.kksads
}kjk) dFke~ (fdl izdkj) ;ksRL;kfe (;q¼ d:¡xk)AAAA
vuqoknµvtZquus dgkµgs 'k=qneudkjh e/kqlwnu! eSa fdl izdkj bl
;q¼esa iwtuh; Hkh"e firkeg ,oa nzks.kkpk;Zds fo#¼ ck.kksads }kjk ;q¼
d:¡xk\AAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµuuq ßizfro/ukfr fg Js;% iwT;iwtkO;frØe%Þ bfr
/keZ'kkL=e~] vrks·ga ;q¼kfékorZ bR;kgµdFkfefrA izfr;ksRL;kfe
izfr;ksRL;sA uUosrkS ;q/;srs] rgîZu;ks% izfr;ks¼k Hkforqa Roa fda u 'kDuksf"k\
lR;a] u 'kDuksE;sosR;kgµiwtkgkZfofrA vu;ks'pj.ks"kq HkDR;k dqlqekU;so
nkrqegkZfe u rq Øks/ksu rh{.k'kjkfufr Hkko%A Hkks o;L; Ï".k%! Roefi
'k=quso ;q¼s gafl] u rq lkUnhi¥u Loxq#e~] ukfi cU/kwu~ ;nwfuR;kgµgs
e/kqlwnusfrA uuq e/koks ;no ,o\ r=kgµgs vfjlwnu! e/kqukZe nSR;ks
;Lrokfjfjfr czohehfrAAAA

(" f}rh; v/;k; "
Hkkokuqoknµ;fn dgks fd /keZ'kkL=kuqlkj iwT; O;fDrdh iwtkdk

vfrØe.k gksusls veÂy gksrk gS] vr% eSa ;q¼ ugha dj jgk gw¡A
blds mÙkjesa JhHkxoku~ ^dFka* bR;kfn dg jgs gSaA îzfr;ksRL;kfe*µvkReusinh
îzfr;ksRL;s* ds cnys ;g ijLeSinh iz;ksx vk"kZ gSA ;fn vki dgsa fd
Hkh"e&nzks.kkfn rqEgkjs fo#¼ ;q¼ dj jgs gSa rks D;k rqe buds fo#¼
;q¼ ugha dj ldrs gks\ blds mÙkjesa vtqZu dgrs gSaµgk¡] ;g lR;
gS] eSa ;q¼ ugha dj ldrk gw¡A blhfy, rks îwtkgkSZ* bR;kfn dg jgk
gw¡A ftuds pj.kksaesa HkfDriwoZd iq"ikfn iznku djuk pkfg,] D;k mUgsa
Øks/kiwoZd rh{.k ck.kksals fo¼dj nsuk mfpr gS\ vFkkZr~ ;g mfpr
ugha gSA ;gk¡ e/kqlwnu 'kCnds }kjk vtqZu JhÏ".kdks mins'k ns jgs gSaµ^^gs
l[ks! vkius Hkh ;q¼esa 'k=qvksadks ekjk gS] vius xq# lkUnhifu eqfu
vFkok futcU/kq ;k vkReh; ;nqx.kdks ugha ekjk gSA ;fn vki dgsa
fd e/kqx.k ('k=qx.k) rks ;nqx.k gSa] rks ;g Bhd ugha gSA blds fy,
eSaus vkidks ^vfjlwnu* ls lEcksf/kr fd;k gSA vFkkZr~ ê/kq* uked nSR;
vkidk 'k=q FkkµeSa ;gh dg jgk gw¡**AAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµ
lkUnhifu eqfuµ;s vofUr (orZeku mTtSu) ns'kesa jgusokys d';i
xks=h; lqfo[;kr eqfu gSaA txn~xq# JhÏ".k ,oa cynsous ujor~ yhyk
djrs gq, yksd&f'k{kkds fy, mUgsa f'k{kk xq# cuk;k Fkk rFkk bUghads
vkJeesa pkSalB fnuksaesa pkSalBksa dykvksadh f'k{kk xzg.k djusdk vfHku;
fd;k FkkA JheÚkxordh fnXnf'kZuh Vhdkesa Jhy fo'oukFk pØorhZ
Bkdqjthus ;g Hkko iznf'kZr fd;k gS fd lkUnhifu eqfu 'kSo FksA rFkkfi
Ï".k vkSj cynsous fo|ksiktZuds fy, budks gh D;ksa vius xq#ds :iesa
Lohdkj fd;k\ blds mÙkjesa mUgksaus Lo;a dgk gS fd fdlh HkDr
xq#ds fudV tkusls os 'kh?kz gh Lo;a Hkxoku~ Ï".kdks igpku ysrs
vkSj fQj mudh f'k{kkdh yhyk ugha gks ikrhA vr% nksuksa HkkbZ
tku&cw>dj 'kSo lkUnhifu eqfuds fudV x,A ;s oztdh izfl¼k ;ksxek;k
ikS.kZeklhthds iq= FksA izfl¼ Ï".kl[kk e/kqeÂy ,oa ukUnheq[kh bu
lkUnhifu eqfuds gh iq= ,oa dU;k gSaAAAA

" JheÚxoåhrk (#
xq:ugRok fg egkuqHkkoku~ Js;ks Hkksäqa HkS{;eihg yksdsA

gRokFkZdkekaLrq xq:fugSo Hkq´th; Hkksxku~ #f/kjizfnX/kku~AAAA
vUo;µegkuqHkkoku~ (egkuqHkko) xq:u~ (xq#tudks) vgRok (u
ekjdj) fg (fu'p;) bg yksds (bl yksdesa) HkS{;e~ vfi (fHk{kkék
Hkh) HkksDrqe~ (Hkkstu djuk) Js;% (dY;k.kdkjd gS) rq (fdUrq) xq:u~
(xq#tudks) gRok (ekjdj) bg (bl yksdesa) #f/kj izfnX/kku~
(jDrjf´tr) vFkZdkeku~ (vFkZ vksj dke:i) Hkksxku~ ,o (Hkksxksadks
gh) Hkq´th; (Hkksxuk gksxk)AAAA
vuqoknµegkuqHkko xq#tudks u ekjdj bl lalkjesa fHk{kkékds }kjk Hkh
thou&;kiu djuk dY;k.kdkjh gSA fdUrq xq#tudh gR;k djusls bl
yksdesa gh jDrjf´tr vFkZ vkSj dke:i Hkksxksadks Hkksxuk gksxkAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµuUosoa rs ;fn LojkT;s·fLeu~ ukfLr ft?k`{kk] r£g d;k
o`Ù;k thfo";lhR;=kgµxq:u~ vgRok xq#o/keÏRok HkS{;a {kf=;S£oxhrefi
fHk{k;k izkIreUuefi HkksDrqa Js;%A ,sfgd nq;Z'kksykHks·fi ikjf=deeÂya
rq uSo L;kfnfr Hkko%A u P;srs xqjoks·ofyIrk% dk;kZdk;ZetkuUr'pk&
/kk£ednq;ksZ/kuk|uqxrkLR;T;k ,o] ;nqäaµßxqjksjI;ofyIrL;
dk;kZdk;Zetkur%A mRiFkizfriékL; ifjR;kxks fo/kh;rsûÞ bfr okP;feR;kgµ
egkuqHkkokfufrA dkydkekn;ks·fi ;SoZ'khÏrkLrs"kka Hkh"eknhuka dqrLríks"klEHko
bfr Hkko%A uuq ßvFkZL; iq#"kks nklks nklLRoFkkZs u dL;fpr~A bfr lR;a
egkjkt c¼ks·LE;FkZsu dkSjoS%ûÞ bfr ;qf/kf"Bja izfr Hkh"es.kSoksäer%
lkEizreFkZdkeRoknsrs"kka egkuqHkkoRoa izkäua foxfyre~\ lR;e~] rnI;srku~
grorks ee nq%[keso L;kfnR;kg]µvFkZdkekuFkZyqCèkkuI;srku~ xq:u~ gRok·ga
Hkksxku~ Hkq´th; fdURosrs"kka #f/kjs.k izfnX/kku~ izfyIrkusoA v;eFkZ%µ
,rs"kkeFkZyqCèkRos·fi en~xq#RoeLR;so] vr,oSr}/ks lfr xq#æksfg.kks ee
[kyq Hkksxks nq"ÏfrfeJ% L;kfnfrAAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;fn vki dgksa fd LojkT; xzg.k djusdh rqEgkjh bPNk
ugha gS] iqu% rqe fdl izdkj viuk thou fuokZg djksxs] rks bldk
mÙkj ;g gS fd xq#oxZdh gR;k u dj] {kf=;ksads fy, fuUnuh; fHk{kkfnds
}kjk mik£tr vékdk Hkh Hkkstu djuk Js;Ldj gSA blls bl txresa
vi;'k ykHk gksusij Hkh ikjek£Fkd veÂy ugha gksxkA vfHkekuh]
dÙkZO;&vdÙkZO;ds fopkjesa v{ke rFkk v/kk£ed nq;ksZ/kukfnds vuqxr

(# f}rh; v/;k; "!
dgdj bu xq#tudk ifjR;kx djuk mfpr ugha gSA ;fn vki dgsa
fd /keZ'kkL=esa (egkHkkjr] m|ksxioZ) ,slk crk;k x;k gS fd vfHkekuh]
dÙkZO;&vdÙkZO;&foosdjfgr] dqiFkxkeh xq#dk ifjR;kx djuk gh
fof/k gS] rks esjk mÙkj gSµêgkuqHkkoku~* vFkkZr~ ftUgksaus dky&dkekfndks
o'kesa dj fy;k gS] mu Hkh"e&nzks.kkfnds izfr bu nks"kksadh lEHkkouk
gh dgk¡ gS\ iqu% ;fn dgk tk; fd iq#"k vFkZdk nkl gS] ijUrq vFkZ
fdlhdk Hkh nkl ugha gSA tSlk fd Hkh"eus ;qf/kf"Bjdks crk;k gSµ
^^gs egkjkt! ;g lR; gS] eSa dkSjoksads vFkZds }kjk vkc¼ gw¡A** vr,o
^vFkZdkeh* 'kCnds }kjk budk egkuqHkkoRo rks igys gh u"V gks pqdk
gS] rks bldk mÙkj gSµ;g lR; gS] rFkkfi budh gR;k djusls eq>s
nq%[k gh gksxkA blds fy, eSa ^vFkZdkeku~* bR;kfn 'kCnksadks dg jgk
gw¡ vFkkZr~ vFkZyqC/k bu leLr dq#vksadh gR;kdj eSa Hkksxksadk miHkksxdj
ldrk gw¡] fdUrq os Hkksx muds jDrls jf´tr gksaxsA bldk vFkZ ;g
gS fd bu yksxksads vFkZyksyqi gksusij Hkh esjs fy, budk xq#Ro ges'kk
gh oÙkZeku jgsxkA vr% buds o/kls eSa xq#nzksgh cuw¡xk rFkk os leLr
Hkksx fu'p; gh esjs fy, nq"ÏfrfeJ gksaxsAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµvtqZu ekuks 'kksd vkSj eksgds o'khHkwr gksdj
Ï".kds opuksaij /;ku u nsdj iqu% dgus yxsµßLotu vkSj
cU/kq&ckU/koksadh ckr NksM+ nhft,] ;q¼ds fy, lkeus [kM+s xq# nzks.k]
Ïikpk;Z ,oa ije iwT; Hkh"e firkegdk o/k ,d rqPN ykSfdd jkT;ds
fy, djuk ?kksj veÂytud ikideZ le>rk gw¡A ,sls xq#tudk
o/k djusokysdk ijyksdesa dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA vr,o eSa bl yksdesa
fHk{kkls izkIr vUu xzg.kdj Hkh fdlh izdkj thou&/kkj.k djuk Js;Ldj
le>rk gw¡AÞ 'kkL=ksaesa osn&v/;kid] firk] T;s"B Hkzkrk] jktk] ekek]
'olqj] j{kkdÙkkZ] ukuk&ukuh] nknk&nknh] cU/kq] vk;qesa cM+s ,oa
pkpkµbudks xq#oxZ dgk x;k gSµ
^mik/;k;% firk T;s"BHkzkrk pSo eghifr%A
ekrqy% 'olqjL=krk ekrkeg firkegkSA
cU/kqT;sZ"B% firÒ;'p iqa';srs xqjo% Le`rk%AA*
(dweZiqjk.k)

"" JheÚxoåhrk (#
Jhnzks.kkpk;Z ,oa Ïikpk;Z mPp czkã.kdqyeas iSnk gq, FksA ;s

/kuqosZnds vfrfjDr osnksa ,oa /keZ'kkL=ksads Hkh Kkrk ,oa /kk£ed FksA
vtqZu budks xq#ds :iesa ns[k jgs gSaA nzks.kkpk;Zthus vtqZuls izfrKk
djokbZ Fkh fd fdlh dkj.ko'k ;fn eSa laxzkeesa rqEgkjs le{k ;q¼ds
fy, mifLFkr gksÅ¡] rks rqe vo'; gh eq>ls ;q¼ djukA nzks.kkpk;Zus
Hkkoh egkHkkjr laxzkedks tku fy;k FkkA
Hkh"e firkeg egkjkt 'kkUruq vkSj xaxkds fpjdqekj iq= FksA
Jhen~Hkkxor (@@) ds vuqlkj ;s Ï".kHkDr] egkijkØeh]
ftrsfUnz;] mnkj] rÙoKkrk ,oa lR;izfrK FksA e`R;q Hkh buds
v/khu FkhA ;s Hkxon~HkDr egktuksaesa vU;re FksA
^Lo;EHkwukZjn% 'kEHkq% dqekj dfiyks euq%A
izÎknks tudks Hkh"eks cfyoSZ;klfdoZ;e~AA*
(JheÚk- @@)
vr,o ,sls rÙoosÙkk txn~xq# Hkh"e] nzks.kkpk;Z vkfn xq#tudh Js.khesa
ifjxf.kr gksusij Hkh rFkk muds lkFk feydj Ï".kHkDr ik.Moksads
lkFk ;q¼ djusij Hkh lnk&loZnk Ï".kdh izhfrds lEiknuds fy, gh
lc dqN djusokys Ï".kds ije fiz; HkDr gSaA budk mYys[k Kkuh
HkDrksaesa fd;k tkrk gSA bUgksaus egkjkt ;qf/kf"Bjdks dgk Fkkµ^êSa D;k
d:¡] eSa dkSjoksads vFkZls fuUrkUr c¼ gw¡] vr% bPNk u gksusij Hkh
dkSjoksads i{kls ;q¼ dj jgk gw¡] fdUrq ;q¼esa rqEgkjh fot; gksµeSa
,slk ojnku nsrk gw¡A** ;gk¡ cká n`f"Vls Hkh"e firkeg vFkZyksyqi vkSj
ijk/khu yf{kr gksusij Hkh ;FkkFkZr% ftrsfUnz; vkSj ije LorU= gSaA
'kq¼k ljLorhus blfy, oÙkZeku 'yksdesa ^fg egkuqHkkoku~* bu nks inksadks
tksM+dj ^fgegkuqHkkoku~* ,d in cukdj ,slk Hkko izdk'k fd;k gS]
^fge~* vFkkZr~ tM+rkdk tks fouk'k djrk gS] og gSµ^fgegk* vFkkZr~
lw;Z vFkok vfXu gSA ^vuqHkkoku~*µvuqHko lkeF;ZA vr% lw;Z vkSj
vfXudh Hkk¡fr lkeF;Zokys rstLoh iq#"k gh ^fgegkuqHkkoku~* gSaA tSls
rstLoh lw;Z vkSj vfXuds }kjk leLr vifo= inkFkks±dks tykusij Hkh
muesa dksbZ nks"k ugha gksrk] vfirq os lnk ifo= gh jgrs gSa] mlh izdkj
Hkh"e Hkh egkrstLoh iq#"k gSaA Jhen~Hkkxor (@@) esa Hkh ;g
ns[kk tkrk gS fd tSls vfXu ifo= vkSj vifo= leLr inkFkks±dks tykusds
dkj.k loZHkqd~ gksdj Hkh dHkh vifo= ugha gksrh] oSls gh lkeF;Zoku
vkSj rstLoh iq#"k Hkh dHkh /keZdh e;kZnkdk mYya?ku djrs gq, ns[ks
tkusij Hkh loZFkk nks"keqDr gSaA

(# f}rh; v/;k; "#
;fn dksbZ ,slk iz'u djs fd rstLoh Hkh"e dkSjoksadk i{k xzg.kdj
ik.Moksals ;q¼ dj jgs gSa] blesa Hkys gh dksbZ vU;k;dh ckr ugha]
fdUrq Ï".kds ije HkDr gksdj Hkh mUgkssaus vius vkjk/;nsods JhvÂksadks
vius rh{.k ck.kksals D;ksa Nyuh dj fn;k\ D;k ;g mudh HkfDrdk
y{k.k gS\ blds mÙkjesa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd JhÏ".kus vius
ije HkDr egknso 'kÁj }kjk vlqjksadks eksfgr djusds fy, osn&fo#¼
izPNUu ckS¼okn&ek;kokndk izpkj djok;kA Åijls ;g HkfDr ugha
nh[kusij Hkh ikjek£Fkd n`f"Vls HkfDr gS] D;ksafd vlqjksadks eksfgr djusds
fy, mUgksaus Hkxoku~dh vkKkdk ikyuek= fd;k FkkA nwljh ckr] ftl
izdkj bu ije HkDr 'kÁjus ck.kklqjdk i{k ysdj Lo;a Ï".kls ;q¼
fd;k Fkk] mlh izdkj ;fn Hkh"e firkegus dkSjoksadk i{k ysdj JhÏ".kls
;q¼ fd;k] rks blls HkfDrdh gkfu dgk¡ gqbZ\ rhljh ckr] JhÏ".k
Hkw&Hkkj gj.kds fy, egkHkkjr ;q¼esa vklqjh 'kfDr;ksadk /oaldj èkeZdh
izfr"Bk djuk pkgrs Fks] ;fn Hkh"e firkeg ,oa xq# nzks.kkfn foi{kdh
lgk;rk ugha djrs] rks egkHkkjr ;q¼ dnkfi lEHko ugha gksrk] blhfy,
loZK JhÏ".kus LosPNko'k viuh ;ksxek;kdk vkJ; ysdj Hkh"eds
ân;esa fojks/kh i{kls ;q¼ djusdh iszj.kk nh FkhA blhfy, Hkh"eus dkSjoksadk
i{k ysdj Ï".kdh izhfr lEikfnr dh FkhA pkSFkh ckr] Jhy tho
xksLokehiknus Jhen~Hkkxords ,d 'yksddh Vhdkesa ;g Hkkouk O;Dr
dh gS fd egkHkkjr ;q¼esa JhÏ".kdh bPNkls Hkh"e firkegds ân;esa
vklqfjd o`fÙkdk izos'k gksrk Fkk ftlls rknkRE; gksdj Hkh"e JhÏ".kds
izfr rh{.k ck.kksadk iz;ksx djrs Fks_ vU;Fkk Hkh"e tSls 'kq¼ HkDrksads
fy, ,slk djuk vlEHko gks tkrkA ik¡poha ckr] ije HkDr Hkh"e
firkeg lk/kkj.k lk/kd HkDrksadks f'k{kk ns jgs gSa fd eq> tSlk O;fDr
Hkh ;fn fo"k;hdk vUu&ty xzg.k djs] mldk lÂ djs] rks mldh
cqf¼ foÏr gks tkrh gS] mldk foosd u"V gks tkrk gSA NBh ckr]
ftl izdkj Hkxoku~us t;&fot;dh ;g bPNk tkudj fd os esjh
;q¼&ykylkdks iw.kZdj eq>s rÌr djuk pkgrs gSa] ludkfn ½f"k;ksadks
vkd£"kr fd;k vkSj fojks/khdk Hkko lapkfjr djusds fy, muls
tku&cw>dj vfHk'kki fnyok;kA ;g vfHk'kki dsoy fn[kkok FkkA
oSdq.Besa u rks Øks/k vkSj u gh vfHk'kki gksrk gS] vr% Hkxoku~dh

"$ JheÚxoåhrk (#
izhfr&fo/kkuds fy, mUgksaus Lo;a fojks/kh Hkkodh ;kpuk dh FkhA blls mudh
HkfDrdh gkfu ugha gqbZA ;fn Hkh"e firkeg JhÏ".kdks izlUu djusds cnys
mUgsa o/k djusdh bPNkls rfud Hkh fojks/kh O;ogkj djrs] rks HkDr&inls
loZnkds fy, ifrr gks tkrsA
Hkh"e firkegus egkHkkjr ;q¼esa JhÏ".kdh Lrqfr dh gS] ftldk o.kZu
JheÚkxoresa bl izdkj gSµ
^;qf/k rqjxjtksfo/kwezfo"od~dpyqfyrJeok;ZyÁ`rkL;ssA
ee fuf'kr'kjS£ofHk|ekuRofp foylRdops·Lrq Ï".k vkRekAA*
(JheÚk- @@)
bl 'yksddh Vhdkesa Jhy pØoÙkhZ Bkdqjus Hkh"e firkegds
HkfDrHkkodks cM+s gh jliw.kZ :iesa vfHkO;Dr fd;k gSA
Jhy pØoÙkhZ Bkdqj dgrs gSaµtSls oztesa xk;ksads [kqjls mfRFkr jt
JhÏ".kds iz'kLr eq[k&e.Mydks /kwy&/kwlfjr dj muds lkSUn;Z& ek/kq;Zdh
vfHko`f¼ gh djrh gS] oSls gh Hkh"edks ;q¼esa rqjxjt vFkkZr~ ?kksM+ksadh
Vkiksals mfRFkr jt JhÏ".kds lkSUn;Z&ek/kq;Zdh vfHko`f¼ djrh gqbZ izrhr
gks jgh gSA lqUnj oLrqesa dqN Hkh vlqUnj ugha gSA ;|fi /kwy Lo;a lqUnj
ugha gS] rFkkfi JhÏ".kds iz'kLr&lqdksey eq[kdeyls ;qDr gksdj mudh
lqUnjrkesa o`f¼ gh djrh gSA jFkds ifg;sdks ysdj vius izfr /kkoeku
JhÏ".kds vLr&O;Lr ds'kdykidks os xkspkj.kds i'pkr~ jEHkkrh gqbZ rhoz
xfrls vius oklLFkydh vksj /kkfor xkSvksads ihNs /kkoeku JhÏ".kds fc[kjs
ds'k&dykidh Hkk¡fr ns[k jgs gSaA ^Jeokfj* vFkkZr~ ;q¼Hkwfeesa osxiwoZd Hkh"eds
izfr /kkfor gksusds ifjJels muds eq[kkjfoUn vkSj JhvÂksals tks ilhusdh
cw¡nsa Vid jgh gSa] os Hkh"e firkegdks JhÏ".kds dUniZ;q¼esa Jeds dkj.k
mRiék 'osr JefcUnqvksadh Hkk¡fr xkspj gks jgh gSa vFkok blls Hkh"eds
izfr mudk okRlY; izdkf'kr gks jgk gSA Hkh"e firkeg ns[k jgs gSaµ^^vgks!
^fuf'kr'kjS%* vFkkZr~ esjs rh{.k ck.kksals ^fofHk|eku Rop* vFkkZr~ fNfnzr
JhHkxoku~ds JhvÂksaesa tks jfDre fpÊfo'ks"k mHkj mBs gSa] os ekuks dUniZjlesa
vkfo"V dkUrds vÂksaesa viuh izxYHk dkUrkds nUrk?kkrls mRiUu fpÊfo'ks"k
gSaA tSls fdlh fd'kksjh fiz;rekds }kjk vius izk.kksals dksfV xq.kk vf/kd
I;kjs vius fiz;redks vkS¼R;o'kr% u[k&nUrk?kkr djusij Hkh ml
fd'kksjhdks isze'kwU; ugha dgk tk ldrk gS] oSls gh ;q¼jlesa mUeÙk eq>s
Hkh isze'kwU; ugha le>uk pkfg,A**

(# f}rh; v/;k; "%
blfy, ;gk¡ ns[kk tk jgk gS fd ^jlks oS l%* (rS- m- @@)

vFkkZr~ vf[ky jlke`rew£Ùk Hkxoku~ JhÏ".kdks ;q¼jl vkLoknudh bPNk
gksusij budh bPNk:ih izhfrdks iw.kZ djusds fy, gh HkDrizoj Hkh"eus
dkSjoksadk i{k xzg.k fd;k rFkk Hkxoku~ds JhvÂksaesa 'kjk?kkr fd;kA
JhegkHkkjresa ,slk ns[kk tkrk gS fd Hkxoku~ JhÏ".kus ;g izfrKk
dh Fkh fd eSa egkHkkjr ;q¼esa vL=/kkj.k ugha d:¡xkA nwljh vksj
HkDr Hkh"edh izfrKk Fkh fd Ï".kdks eSa vL=/kkj.k djkÅ¡xk] vU;Fkk
eSa 'kkUruqdk iq= ugha gw¡A HkDroRly Hkxoku~us viuh izfrKkdks HkÂdj
Hkh Hkh"edh izfrKkdh j{kk dhµ
^Lofuxeeigk; eRizfrKke`ref/kddÙkZqeoIyqrks jFkLFk%A* (JheÚk-
@@) vFkkZr~ Hkh"e firkeg dg jgs gSaµ^^tks esjh izfrKkdks j[kusds
fy, viuh izfrKk rksM+dj jFkls dwn iM+s rFkk cM+s osxls jFkds ifg;sdks
/kkj.kdj esjh vksj nkSM+s] ,sls HkDroRly Hkxoku~dks esjk ckjEckj iz.kke
gSA** vr% foi{kdk i{k xzg.kdj Hkh Hkh"e firkeg ije HkDr gSa]
bl fo"k;esa rfud Hkh lUnsg ugha gSA
Hkh"e firkegds bl pfj=ls ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS fd os tks dqN
Hkh dj jgs gSa] og Ï".k&izhfrds vuqdwy vkSj muds yhyk&foykldk
lgk;d gSA vr% mudk pfj= nqKsZ; ,oa vrD;Z gS] fdUrq ;fn ek;kc¼
tho Hkh"e firkegdk vuqdj.k djrs gq, xq# cuusdh Nyukdj dksbZ
vU;k; vFkok vijk/k djs] rks mls dnkfi xq# ugha dgk tk ldrk]
D;ksafd Hkxoku~ ½"kHknsous dgk gSµ
^xq#uZ l L;kr~ Lotuks u l L;kr~ firk u l L;kTtuuh u lk L;kr~A
nSoa u rr~L;kUu ifr'p l L;kUu eksp;s|% leqisre`R;qe~AA*
(JheÚk- @@)
vFkkZr~] tks xq# HkfDr&mins'kds }kjk vklUu e`R;qlalkjls m¼kj
ugha dj ldrs] os xq# xq# ugha gSaA 'kCn czãesa fu".kkr~] ijczãdh
vuqHkwfrls ;qDr] lalkjls fojDr egkiq#"k gh xq# gSaA blhfy, cfy
egkjktus HkfDrfojks/kh 'kqØkpk;Zdk ifjR;kx fd;k FkkA vr% ,sls xq#dk
ifjR;kx djuk gh 'kkL=dh fof/k gSA ,sls vln~xq#ds izfr iz.kfr vkSj
vuqlj.kds vHkkoesa Hkh dksbZ nks"k&=qfV ugha gksrhµ,sls xq#dk ifjR;kx
djusls Hkh nks"k ugha gSA

"& JheÚxoåhrk ($
fpjdqekj Hkh"eus dkf'kjktdh vEck] vfEcdk] vEckfydkµbu rhu

dU;kvksadks Lo;aoj lHkkesa thrdj vfEcdk ,oa vEckfydkdk fookg
vius HkkbZ fofp=oh;Zds lkFk fd;kA izFke dU;k vEckus Hkh"e firkegls
gh fookg djusdh ftn Bku yh] fdUrq Hkh"e firkegus fpjdkSek;Z
ozr /kkj.k djusds dkj.k mls vLohdkj dj fn;kA vEck dksbZ vU;
mik; u ns[kdj Hkh"eds vL=&'kL=ds xq# ij'kqjkeds lehi xbZA
ij'kqjkethus Hkh"edks cqykdj vEckls fookg djusdh vkKk nh] fdUrq
Hkh"e viuh izfrKkij vVy jgsA blij ij'kqjkeus fookg djus vkSj
muls ;q¼ djusµbu nksuksaesa ls fdlh ,ddks oj.k djusds fy, dgkA
Hkh"eus ;g dgrs gq, ;q¼ djuk gh Lohdkj fd;k fdµ
^xqjksjI;ofyIrL; dk;kZdk;Zetkur%A
mRiFkizfriUuL; ifjR;kxks fo/kh;rsAA*
(egk- m|ksxioZ @)
vr% ,sls ije HkDr Hkh"edk dksbZ Hkh dk;Z HkfDrdk fojks/kh ugha
gks ldrk gSA ij'kqjketh Hkxoku~ds vorkj gSaA bUgksaus Hkh ifj.kkejfgr
;q¼esa Hkh"edh izfrKkdks mfpr ekurs gq, viuh ijkt; Lohdkj
dhAAAA
u pSrf}ù% drjékks xjh;ks ;}k t;se ;fn ok uks t;s;q% A
;kuso gRok u ftthfo"kkeLrs·ofLFkrk% izeq[ks /kkÙkZjk"Vªk%AAAA
vUo;µýgeþ t;se (thrsa) ;fn ok u% (;k geyksxksadks) t;s;q%
(os thrsa) drjr~ xjh;% (buesa ls D;k Js"B gS) ,rr~ (;g) u foù%
(ugha tkurk gw¡) p (vkSj) ;}k (dkj.k) ;ku~ ,o (ftu yksxksadh)
gRok (gR;kdj) u ftthfo"kke% (thfor jguk ugha pkgrs gSa) rs
èkkÙkZjk"Vªk% (os /k`rjk"Vªds i{kokys) izeq[ks vofLFkrk%(lkeus ;q¼ds fy,
[kM+s gsSa)AAAA
vuqoknµgeyksxksads fy, ;q¼esa thrus ;k ijkftr gksusesa D;k Js"B
gSµeSa bls ugha le> ik jgk gw¡A D;ksafd] ftudh gR;kdj ge thfor Hkh
ugha jguk pkgrs gSa] os /k`rjk"Vªds i{kokys ;q¼ds fy, lkeus [kM+s gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµfd´p] xq#æksgs izo`ÙkL;kfi ee t;% ijkt;ks ok
HkosfnR;fi u Kk;r bR;kgµu pSrfnfrA rFkkfi uks·Lekda drjr~
t;ijkt;kseZ/;s fda [kyq xjh;ks·f/kdrja Hkfo";fr] ,rék foù%] rnso
i{k};a n'kZ;frµ,rku~ o;a t;se] uks·Leku~ ok ,rs t;s;q% bfrA fd´p
t;ks·I;Lekda Qyr% ijkt; ,osR;kgµ;kusosfrAAAA

(% f}rh; v/;k; "'
HkkokuqoknµijUrq] xq#nzksgesa izo`Ùk geyksxksadh thr gksxh ;k gkj gksxh]

bls eSa ugha tkurk gw¡µ;gk¡ blds fy, gh vtqZu û pSrn~* bR;kfn
cksy jgs gSaµiqu% t; rFkk ijkt;esa geyksxksads fy, dkSu&lk
vf/kd Js"B gksxk] ;g Hkh eSa ugha tkurk gw¡A ;gk¡ vtqZu nks i{k
fn[kk jgs gSaA ,d vksj os viuh t; fn[kk jgs gSa rFkk nwljh vksj
viuh ijkt; fn[kk jgs gSaA ijUrq] vtqZu dg jgs gSa fd geyksxksads
fy, t; Hkh ifj.kkeesa ijkt;ds gh leku gSA blds fy, os ^;kuso*
bR;kfn 'kCnkasdk mYys[k dj jgs gSaAAAA
dkiZ.;nks"kksigrLoHkko% i`PNkfe Roka /keZlaew<psrk%A
;PNªs;% L;kfékf'pra czwfg rUes f'k";Lrs·ga 'kkf/k eka Roka iziéke~AAAA
vUo;µdkiZ.;&nks"k&migr&LoHkko% (ohj LoHkkodk ifjR;kxdj
dk;jrk:i nks"kls vfHkHkwr) /keZlaew<psrk% (/keZds fo"k;esa eksfgr
fpÙkokyk) vge~ (eSa) Roke~ (vkidks) i`PNkfe (iwNrk gw¡) es (esjs
fy,) ;r~ (tks) Js;% (eÂynk;d) L;kr~ (gks) rr~ (og) fuf'pre~
czwfg (fu'p;dj dgsa) vge~ (eSa) rs f'k";% (vkidk f'k"; gw¡) Roke~
(vkids) iziéke~ ('kj.kkxr) eke~ (eq>s) 'kkf/k (f'k{kk nsa)AAAA
vuqoknµLokHkkfod 'kkS;Z/keZdk ifjR;kxdj dk;jrk:i /keZls vfHkHkwr]
/keZds fu:i.kesa eksfgr fpÙkokyk eSa vkidks iwNrk gw¡µesjs fy, tks eÂydkjh
gS] og fu'p;dj vki dgsaA eSa vkidk f'k"; gw¡A vr% eq> 'kj.kkxrdks
vki f'k{kk iznku djsaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµuuq r£g lksiifÙkda 'kkL=kFk± Roeso czqok.k% {kf=;ks HkwRok
fHk{kkVua fuf'puksf"k ráZya enqDR;sfr r=kgµdkiZ.;sfrA LokHkkfodL;
'kkS;ZL; R;kx ,o es dkiZ.;e~A /keZL; lw{ek xfrfjR;rks
/keZO;oLFkk;keI;ga ew<cqf¼jsokfLe] vrLRoeso fuf'pR; Js;ks czwfgA uuq
e}kpLRoa if.MrekfuRosu [k.M;fl psr~] dFka czw;ke~\ r=kgµ
f'k";Lrs·gefLe] ukr% ija o`Fkk [k.M;kehfr Hkko%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;fn JhÏ".k vtqZuds izfr O;ÂksfDr djsa fd vPNk!
{kf=; gksdj Hkh tc rqeus rdZds lkFk 'kkL=dk vFkZ ck¡pdj fHk{kkds
fy, Hkze.k djusdk fu'p; dj gh fy;k gS] rks fQj esjs dgusls
vkSj D;k ykHk gksxk] rks blds mÙkjds fy, vtqZu ^dkiZ.;kfn* 'kCnksadks
dg jgs gSaA LokHkkfod ohjrkdk R;kx gh ^dkiZ.;* ;k esjh dk;jrk

# JheÚxoåhrk (&
gSA /keZdh xfr lw{e gksrh gS] vr,o /keZds lEcU/kesa Hkh eSa ew<+efr
gw¡A vr% fu'p;dj vki mls crkosa ftlls esjk eÂy gksA vtqZu
JhÏ".kls dgrs gSaµ^^;fn vki dgsa fd if.MrkfHkekuh gksdj rqe esjh
ckrksadk [k.Mu djrs gks] rks eSa fdl izdkj cksyw¡\ rks eSa ;g vk'oklu
nsrk gw¡ fd eSa vkidk f'k"; gw¡] vcls eSa vkidh ckrksadk O;FkZ gh
[k.Mu ugha d:¡xkAAÞAA
u fg izi';kfe eekiuq|k|PNksdeqPNks"k.kfefUæ;k.kke~A
vokI; HkwekoliRue`¼a jkT;a lqjk.kkefi pkf/kiR;e~AAAA
vUo;µHkwekS (i`Fohesa) vliRue~ (fu"d.Vd) ½¼e~ jkT;e~
(le`¼ jkT;) lqjk.kke~ vkf/kiR;e~ p (,oa nsorkvksads vkf/kiR;dks)
vokI; vfi (ikdj Hkh) ;r~ (tks) ee (esjh) bfUnz;k.kke~ (bfUnz;ksads)
mR'kks"k.ke~ (lq[kkusokys) 'kksde~ ('kksddks) viuq|kr~ (nwj djsxk) rr~
(og) u fg izi';kfe (izdV:iesa ugha ns[krk gw¡)AAAA
vuqoknµi`Fohds fu"d.Vd vkSj le`¼ jkT; ,oa nsorkvksads vkf/kiR;dks
ikdj Hkh eSa ,slk dksbZ mik; ugha ns[k jgk gw¡] tks bfUnz;ksadks lq[kkusokys
bl 'kksddks nwj dj ldsAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµuuq ef; ro l[;Hkko ,o] u rq xkSjoe~] vrLRoka
dFkega f'k";a djksfe] rLekn~ ;= ro xkSjoa ra defi }Sik;ukfnda
izi|LosR;r vkgµu ghfrA ee 'kksdeuq|kr~ nwjhdq;kZnsoa tua u izd"kZs.k
i';kfe f=txR;sda Roka foukA LoLeknf/kdcqf¼eUra c`gLifrefi u
tkukehR;r% 'kksdkÙkZ ,o [kyq da izi|s; bfr Hkko%A ;n~ ;r%
'kksdknhfUæ;k.kkeqPNks"ka egkfunk?kkr~ {kqæljlkfeo mRd"kZs.k 'kks"kks HkofrA
uuq r£g lkEizra Roa 'kksdkÙkZ ,o [kyq ;q/;Lo] rr'pSrku~ ftRok jkT;a
izkIrorLro jkT;HkksxkfHkfuos'ksuSo 'kksdks·i;kL;rhR;r vkgµvokI;sfr
HkwekS fu"d.Vda jkT;a LoxZs lqjk.kkekf/kiR;a ok izkI;kfi fLFkrL;
eesfUæ;k.kkesrnqPNks"k.kesosR;FkZ%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;fn JhÏ".k dgsa fd esjs izfr rqEgkjk xkSjo Hkko ugha
vfirq l[; Hkko gS] vr,o eSa fdl izdkj rqEgsa viuk f'k"; cukÅ¡xkA
blfy, ftuds izfr rqEgkjh xkSjo cqf¼ gS] oSls }Sik;ukfn fdlh O;fädk
rqe 'kj.k xzg.k djks] rks blds mÙkjesa vtqZu dgrs gSaµ^û fg* vFkkZr~
rhuksa yksdksaesa vkids vfrfjDr ,d Hkh ,slk O;fDr ugha ns[krk gw¡]

(' f}rh; v/;k; #
tks esjk 'kksd nwj dj ldsA eSa Lo;als vf/kd cqf¼eku~ c`gLifrdks
Hkh ugha tkurk gw¡A vr% 'kksdls O;kdqy gqvk eSa vkSj fdldh 'kj.k
yw¡A ftl izdkj xzh"e ½rqdk iz[kj rki {kqnz iq"dfj.khdk fo'ks"k:ils
'kks"k.k djrk gS] mlh izdkj 'kksd vkfn bfUnz;ksadk mPNks"k.k dj jgs
gSaAÞ ;fn Ï".k dgsa fd 'kksdkÙkZ gksusij Hkh vHkh rqe ;q¼ djksA mlds
ckn thr tkusij jkT;ds lq[kHkksxesa vfHkfufo"V gksusls rqEgkjk 'kksd
nwj gks tk,xk] rks blds mÙkjesa vtqZu ^vokI;* bR;kfn dg jgs gSa
vFkkZr~ i`Fohds fu"diV jkT; vFkok LoxZesa nsorkvksads vkf/kiR;dks
izkIr djusij Hkh esjh bfUnz;ksadk bl izdkj gh 'kks"k.k gksxkAAAA
l´t; mokpµ
,oeqDRok â"khds'ka xqMkds'k% ijUri%A
u ;ksRL; bfr xksfoUneqDRok rw".k° cHkwo gAAAA
vUo;µl´t;% mokp (l´t;us dgk) ijUri% ('k=qvksadks neu
djusokyk) xqMkds'k% (vtqZu) â"khds'ke~ (JhÏ".kdks) ,oe~ mDRok (bl
izdkj dgdj) u ;ksRL;s (eSa ;q¼ ugha d:¡xk) bfr (;g) xksfoUne~
(xksfoUndks) mDRok (dgdj) rw".khe~ cHkwo g (pqi gks x;k)AAAA
vuqoknµl´t;us dgkµbl izdkj dgusds ckn 'k=qvksadk neu
djusokyk vtqZu JhÏ".kls ;g dgdj pqi gks x;k fd gs xksfoUn! eSa ;q¼
ugha d:¡xkAAAA
reqokp â"khds'k% izglféko HkkjrA
lsu;ks#Hk;kseZ/;s fo"khnUrfena op%AAAA
vUo;µHkkjr (gs Hkjroa'kh /k`rjk"Vª!) â"khds'k% (JhÏ".kus) mHk;ks%
lsu;ks% e/;s (nksuksa lsukvksads chpesa) fo"khnu~re~ ('kksdkrqj vtqZudks)
izglu~ bo (ekuks g¡lrs gq,) bne~ op% mokp (;g opu dgk)AAAA
vuqoknµgs Hkjroa'kh /k`rjk"Vª! ml le; nksuksa lsukvksads chpesa
'kksdkrqj vtqZuls JhÏ".kus ekuks g¡lrs gq, ;g opu dgkAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµvgks rokI;srkoku~ [kYofoosd bfr l[;Hkkosu ra
izglu~ vukSfpR;izdk'ksu yTtkEcq/kkS fueTt;u~ bosfr rnkuha f'k";Hkkoa
izkIrs rfLeu~ gkL;euqfprfeR;/kjks"Bfudq´pusu gkL;eko`.oa'psR;FkZ%A
â"khds'k bfr iwo± izsEuSoktqZu ok³~fu;E;ks·fi lkEizretqZufgrdkfjRokr~

# JheÚxoåhrk (
izsEuSoktqZueuksfu;Urkfi Hkorhfr Hkko%A lsu;ks#Hk;kseZ/;s bR;tZquL; fo"kknks

Hkxork izcks/k'p] mHkkH;ka lsukH;ka lkekU;rks n`"V ,osfr Hkko%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµl[;HkkoizkIr vtZZquds izfr migkl djrs gq, 'kksdkrqj
gksusds vukSfpR;dks izdk'k djusds fy, rFkk yTtk&leqnzesa fuefTtr
djusds fy, JhÏ".k dgrs gSaµ^^vgks! rqe brus vf/kd vfoosdh
gksA** vtqZuus JhÏ".kdk f'k";Ro xzg.k fd;k gS] ijUrq f'k";dks bl
izdkj yTtkleqnzesa fuefTtr djuk vuqfpr gSA blfy, JhÏ".k vius
v/kjks"Bdks ladqfpr djrs gq, gkL;dk laxksiu dj jgs gSaA ;gk¡ â"khds'k
'kCndk rkRi;Z gSµiwoZesa izhfriwoZd vtZquds okD;ksads o'khHkwr gksusij
Hkh vHkh vtZquds fgrds fy, izseiwoZd vtZquds eudks gh o'khHkwr
;k la;fer dj jgs gSaA ^lsu;ks#Hk;kseZ/;s* vFkkZr~ vtZqudk fo"kkn ,oa
Hkxoku~ds }kjk fn, tkusokys izcks/k (mins'k) nksuksa lsukvksads fy,
leku:ils n'kZuh; gSa vFkkZr~ xhrkdk ;g mins'k loZlk/kkj.kds le{k
gqvk Fkk] ;g fdlhds fy, xqIr ugha j[kk x;k FkkAAA
JhHkxokuqokpµ
v'kksP;kuUo'kkspLRoa izKkoknka'p Hkk"klsA
xrklwuxrklwa'p ukuq'kkspfUr if.Mrk%AAAA
vUo;µJhHkxoku~ mokp (JhHkxoku~us dgk) Roe~ (rqe) v'kksP;ku~
('kksdds fy, v;ksX; O;fDr;ksads fy,) vuq&v'kksp% ('kksd djrs gks)
ýiqu%þ izKkoknku~ p (if.Mrksads opuksadks Hkh) Hkk"kls (dgrs gks) if.Mrk%
(if.Mrx.k) xrklwu~ (ftuds izk.k pys x, gSa) vxrklwu~ p (vkSj
izk.kokuksads fy,) u vuq'kkspfUr ('kksd ugha djrs gSa)AAAA
vuqoknµJhHkxoku~us dgkµrqe ugha 'kkspus ;ksX; oLrqvksa (O;fä;ksa)
ds fy, 'kksd dj jgs gks] iqu% ikf.MR;iw.kZ opu Hkh dg jgs gksA fdUrq]
if.Mrx.k u rks izk.kghu vkSj u gh izk.kokuksads fy, 'kksd djrs gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµHkks vtZqu! rok;a cU/kqo/kgsrqd% 'kksdks Hkzeewyd ,o]
rFkk dFka Hkh"eega la[;s bR;kfndks foosd'pkizKkewyd ,osR;kgµv'kksP;ku~
'kksdkugkZuso RoeUo'kkspks·uq'kksfprokuflA rFkk Roka izcks/k;Ura eka izfr
izKkoknku~ izKk;ka lR;keso ;s oknk% ßdFka Hkh"eega la[;sÞ bR;knhfu

( f}rh; v/;k; #!
okD;kfu rku~ Hkk"kls] u rq ro dkfi izKk oÙkZrs bfr Hkko%A ;r%

if.Mrk% izKkoUrks xrklwu xrk fu%l`rk HkoUR;loks ;sH;% rku~ LFkwynsgku~
u 'kkspfUr] rs"kka u'ojHkkoRokfnfr Hkko%A vxrklwu vfu%l`rizk.kku~
lw{ensgkufi u 'kkspfUr] rs fg eqäs% iwOkZeu'ojk ,o] mHk;s"kkefi rFkk
rFkk LoHkkoL; nq"ifjgjRokr~A ew[kkZLrq fi=kfnnsgsH;% izk.ks"kq fu%l`rs"oso
'kkspfUr] lw{ensgkaLrq u] rs izk;% ifjfpUoUR;LrSjye~A ,srs fg losZ
Hkh"ekn;% LFkwylw{ensglfgrk vkReku ,o vkReukUrq fuR;RokÙks"kq
'kksdizo`fÙkjso ukLrhR;rLRo;k ;RiwoZeFkZ'kkL=kr~ /keZ'kkL=a cyofnR;qDra]
r= e;k rq /keZ'kkL=knfi Kku'kkL=a cyofnR;qP;rs bfr Hkko%AAAA
HkkokuqoknµJhÏ".k dgrs gSaµßgs vtqZu! cU/kq&gR;kds dkj.k mRiék
rqEgkjk 'kksd Hkzeewyd gS ,oa ^;q¼esa eSa fdl izdkj Hkh"els ;q¼ d:¡xk*
bR;kfn foosd;qfä;k¡ vizKkewyd gSaAÞ mijksä dFku D;ksa lR; gSa] blds
fy, JhHkxoku~ dgrs gSa fd ^v'kksP;ku~ vUo'kksp%* vFkkZr~ rqe mlds
fy, 'kksd dj jgs gks tks 'kksdds ;ksX; ugha gSA JhÏ".k vkSj Hkh
dgrs gSa fd esjs }kjk izcks/k (lkURouk) fn, tkusij rqe tks ^dFka
Hkh"ega la[;s* bR;kfn okD;ksads }kjk îzKkoknku~* vFkkZr~ izKk jgusij
Hkh tks ôkn* ;k ^fordZ* dj jgs gks] blls ;g fl¼ gksrk gS fd
rqEgsa izKk gS gh ughaA D;ksafd] tks if.Mrx.k izKkoku~ gksrs gSa] os ^xrklwu*
vFkkZr~ ftuls vlw (izk.k) fuxZr gks pqds gSa] mu LFkwy nsgksads izfr
'kksd ugha djrs gSa] D;ksa fd os u'oj Hkko;qä gksrs gSaA
^vxrklwu* vFkkZr~ ftuds izk.k ugha x, gksa] if.Mrx.k muds lw{e
'kjhjds fy, Hkh 'kksd ugha djrs gSa] D;ksafd lw{e nsg Hkh eqfDrls
iwoZ vu'oj gh gksrs gSaA nksuksa gh {ks=ksaesa mudk viuk viuk LoHkko
nqLR;kT; gSA fdUrq] ew[kZ yksx firkfnds 'kjhjls izk.kds fuxZr gksusij
'kjhjds fy, 'kksd djrs gSa] lw{e nsgds fy, ughaA D;ksafd] os izk;%
lw{e nsgls vifjfpr gksrs gSaA
;s Hkh"ekfn LFkwy&lw{e nsg;qDr vkRek gh gSaA pw¡fd vkRek fuR;
gksrk gS] vr% blds fy, 'kksddh izo`fÙk ugha gSA vr% iwoZesa rqe
tks vFkZ'kkL=ls /keZ'kkL=dks cyoku~ crk jgs Fks] ogk¡ esjh mfDr gS
fd Kku'kkL= /keZ'kkL=ls Hkh vf/kd cyoku~ gksrk gSAAAA

#" JheÚxoåhrk (
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµlfPpnkuUn ijrÙods dsoy rVLFkk

'kfDr;qDr va'kdk uke thokRek vFkok tho gSA ;g Lo:ir% v.kqpSrU;
gSA bldk fuR; ,oa LokHkkfod /keZ Hkxor~&lsok gSA tho nks izdkjdk
gksrk gSµeqDr rFkk c¼A eqDr tho lnk&loZnk Hkxor~&/kkeesa
Hkxor~&lsokesa layXu jgrs gSaA budk dHkh Hkh iru ugha gksrkA nwljs]
c¼tho vukfn dkyls Hkxor~&lsok Hkwydj izkÏr LFkwy vkSj fyÂµbu
nks 'kjhjksads }kjk vkPNkfnr gksdj bl ekf;d lalkjesa n.MLo:i
f=rkiksadk Hkksx dj jgs gSaA
LFkwy 'kjhjµc¼ thoksadk izkÏr&LFkwy 'kjhj f{kfr] ty] ikod
lehj ,oa O;kseµbu i´p egkHkwrksals xfBr u'oj vkSj fouk'kh gksrk
gSA e`R;qds ckn gh thoksadk ;g LFkwy 'kjhj ifjo£Ùkr gks tkrk gSA
tUeds lkFk&lkFk e`R;q Hkh vo'; gh gksrh gSA vkt] dy vFkok
o"kks±esa izkf.kek=dh e`R;q vo';EHkkoh gSµ
ê`R;qtZUeorka ohj nsgsu lg tk;rsA
v| okCn'krkUrs ok e`R;qoSZ izkf.kuka /kqzo%AA*
(JheÚk- @@)
xhrk (@) esa Hkh ;gh dgk x;k gSµ
^tkrL; fg /kzqoks e`R;qa*
lw{e vFkok fyÂ 'kjhjµthods 'kq¼ Lo:idks vkPNkfnr djusokys
eu] cqf¼] vgÁkjkRed tho&mikf/kdk uke lw{e 'kjhj gSA izR;sd
tUeesa u;s LFkwy 'kjhjdh izkfIr gksrh gS ,oa e`R;qds le; bldk fouk'k
gks tkrk gS] fdUrq lw{e 'kjhjdk ,slk ugha gksrk gSA ;g vukfndkyls
Ï".k&Lo:idh foLe`frds dkj.k tho&Lo:idks vkPNkfnr fd, gq,
gSA ;g lw{e 'kjhj Kku&;ksx&riL;k&osnikB&/;kukfn }kjk Hkxor~&Le`fr
gksusij Hkh nwj ugha gksrkA dsoy Hkxon~HkfDrds lk/ku }kjk Hkxor~&Le`fr
gksusij gh bldk fouk'k gksrk gSA ml le; tho vius 'kq¼ Lo:iesa
izfrf"Br gksrk gSµ
îzhfruZ ;koUef; oklqnsos u eqP;rs nsg;ksxsu rkor~* (JheÚk- @@)]
^l fyÂsu foeqP;rs* (JheÚk- @@)] ^Hk;a f}rh;kfHkfuos'kr%*
(JheÚk- @@)] ^;nk jfrczZãf.k------------* (JheÚk- @@)]
êke~ misR; rq dkSUrs;* (xhrk @) bR;kfn 'yksdksadk vuq'khyu djusls

( f}rh; v/;k; ##
;g lqLi"V gksrk gS fd fyÂnsgds vukfn gksusij Hkh Hkxor~&foLe`frls

mldh izkfIr ,oa Hkxor~&Le`frls mldk fouk'k gksrk gSA
blfy, vkRe&rÙofon~ vkRekdks vtj] vej vkSj fuR; tkudj
LFkwy 'kjhjds fouk'kls fopfyr ugha gksrs] mlds fy, 'kksd ugha djrsA
vr,o os ^xrklwu* vFkkZr~ vkRekjfgr LFkwy 'kjhj vFkok ^vxrklwu*
vFkkZr~ vkRekls ;qDr fdUrq Hkfo";esa vo'; gh u"V gksusokys LFkwy
'kjhjds fy, 'kksd ugha djrsA fdUrq] nsgesa vkRecqf¼ j[kusokys
vKkuh yksx vkRekdh rks ckr gh D;k] lw{e 'kjhjdk Hkh ifjp;
ugha tkursA os (vkRekls ;qDr) LFkwy 'kjhjdks gh firk&iq=&HkkbZ&cUèkq
le>rs gSa rFkk ml 'kjhjls vkRekds fudy tkusij firk&iq=&HkkbZ&
cU/kqdh e`R;q gks xbZ gSµ;g tkudj ml 'kjhjds fy, gh 'kksd djrs
gSaAAAA
u Rosokga tkrq ukla u Roa uses tukf/kik%A
u pSo u Hkfo";ke% losZ o;er% ije~AAAA
vUo;µvge~ (Ï".k eSa) tkrq (fdlh dkyesa) u vkle~ (ugha
Fkk) rq (fdUrq) ýbfrµ,slkþ u ,o (ugha gS) Roe~ (vtqZu rqe) u
ývklh%þ (ugha Fks) ýbfrµ,slkþ u (ugha) bes (;s lHkh)
tukf/kik% (jktkx.k) u vklu~ (ugha Fks) ýbfrµ,slkþ u (ugha) p
(,oa) vr% ije~ (blls vkxs) o;e~ losZ (ge lc) u Hkfo";ke%
(ugha jgsaxs) (bfr) ,o u (,slk Hkh ugha gS)AAAA
vuqoknµ,slk fdlh dkyesa ugha gqvk fd eSa (Ï".k) ugha Fkk] rqe
(vtqZu) ugha Fks vkSj ;s lHkh jktk yksx ugha Fks vkSj u gh Hkfo";esa ,slk
dHkh gksxk fd geyksx ugha jgsaxsAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµvFkok l[ks\ Rokegesoa i`PNkfe] fd´p izhR;kLinL;
ej.ks n`"Vs lfr 'kksdks tk;rs] r=sg izhR;kLinekRek nsgks okA
ßlosZ"kkesoHkwrkuka uì LokReSo oYyHk%Þ bfr 'kqdksäsjkReSo izhR;kLinfefr
psÙk£g thos'ojHksnsu f}fo/kL;SokReuks fuR;Roknso ej.kkHkkoknkRek 'kksdL;
fo"k;ks usR;kgµu RosokgfefrA vga ijekRek tkrq dnkfpnfi iwo± uklfefr
u] vfi RoklesoA rFkk Roefi thokRek vklhjsoA rFkses tukf/kik
jktku'p thokReku vklékso bfr izkxHkkokHkkoks n£'kr%A rFkk losZ o;ega
Rofees tukf/kik'p vr%ija u Hkfo";ke% u LFkkL;ke% bfr u] vfi

#$ JheÚxoåhrk (
rq LFkkL;ke ,osfr /oalkHkko'p n£'kr% bfrµijkReuks thokReuk´p

fuR;RoknkRek u 'kksdfo"k; bfr lkf/kre~A v= Jqr;% ßfuR;ks fuR;kuka
psru'psrukukesdks cgwuka ;ks fon/kkfr dkeku~Þ bR;k|k%AAAA
HkkokuqoknµvFkok] gs l[ks! eSa rqels bl izdkj iz'u djrk gw¡
fd tc fdlh fiz; O;fDrds e`R;q&n'kZuls 'kksd mRiék gksrk gS] ml
le; izhfrdk LFkku (ik=) vkRek gksrk gS ;k 'kjhj\ JheÚkxor
(@@) esa dgk x;k gSµ^losZ"kkeso Hkwrkuka uì LokReSo oYyHk%*
vFkkZr~ gs uì! lHkh thoksadk vkRek gh fiz; gksrk gSA Jh'kqdnso egkjktds
bl mfDrds vuqlkj ;fn vkRek gh izhfrdk ik= gS] rks bZ'oj vkSj
thods chp Hksn jgrs gq, Hkh nksuksa izdkjds vkRek fuR; vkSj e`R;qjfgr
gSaA vr% vkRek 'kksddk fo"k; ugha gSA blds fy, gh JhÏ".k û
Rosokga* bR;kfn dg jgs gSa vFkkZr~ eSaµijekRek iwoZdkyesa ugha Fkkµ,slk
ugha gS] vfirq eSa Fkk ghA blh izdkj rqe Hkh thokRek Fks gh vkSj
lHkh jktkyksx Hkh thokRek:iesa Fks ghA blds }kjk vkRekdk izkxHkko
jkfgR; iznf'kZr gqvkA blh izdkj rqe] ;s jktkx.k vkSj eSa cknesa ugha
jgw¡xkµ,slk Hkh ugha gS vFkkZr~ ge lHkh orZeku jgsaxsA blds }kjk ;g
izekf.kr gqvk fd vkRek vfouk'kh gSA bl fo"k;esa Jqfr;k¡ Hkh dgrh
gSa] ;Fkkµ^fuR;ks fuR;kuka psru'psrukukesdks cgwuka ;ks fon/kkfr dkeku~*
(d- m- @@) vFkkZr~ tks fuR;lewgesa fuR; vkSj psrulewgesa Hkh
psru gSa] tks ,d gksdj Hkh lHkhdk dk;Z iw.kZ djrs gSaAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµLFkwy 'kjhjds lkFk thokRekdk la;ksx gh
tUe rFkk fo;ksx gh e`R;q dgykrk gSA blfy, LFkwy 'kjhjesa vkRekdh
vofLFkfr jgusls yksx ijLij izhfr&O;ogkj djrs gSa] fdUrq LFkwy nsgesa
vkRecqf¼ j[kusokys vKkuh tho bl rÙodks u tkuusds dkj.k 'kjhjls
vkRekds vUr¼kZu gksusij e`r nsgdks ysdj 'kksdeXu gks tkrs gSaA
JheÚkxoresa Hkh Jhy 'kqdnso xksLokehus ijhf{kr egkjktds iz'u ^^gs
czã.k! nwljs ekrk&firkls mRiUu JhÏ".kds izfr Xoky&ckyksadk ,slk
vHkwriwoZ isze fdl izdkj lEHko gqvk\**µblds mÙkjesa dgrs gSaµ^^jktu~!
viuk vkRek gh leLr izkf.k;ksadks fiz; gksrk gSA vkRekls fHkUu iq=&
/kukfn inkFkZ vkRekds fiz; gksusds dkj.k mls xkS.k:iesa fiz; gSaA gs

(! f}rh; v/;k; #%
jktsUnz! izR;sd nsg/kkjhdks vius&vius vkRekds izfr tSlk Lusg gksrk

gS] eerkds fo"k;hHkwr iq=&/ku&x`gkfnds izfr oSlk Lusg ugha gksrkA**
vFkkZr~] êSa* vkSj êsjs*µbu nks izdkjdh oLrqvksaesa vUrj gS] ftruh
izhfr êSa* ds izfr gksrh gS] mruh izhfr êsjs*&lEcU/kh oLrqvksads izfr
ugha gksrh gSSA nsgkRecqf¼okys iq#"kksadks viuk nsg ftruk fiz; gksrk
gS] nsg lEcU/kh; x`g&L=h&iq=kfn mrus fiz; ugha gksrs gSaA ;|fi ;g
nsg eerkLin gS] rFkkfi og vkRek tSlk fiz; ugha gS] D;ksafd 'kjhjds
tjkxzLr gksusij Hkh thfor jgusdh vk'kk cyorh jgrh gS] ,slk vkRekds
izfr Lusgkf/kD;ds gh dkj.k gksrk gSA blhfy, izkf.kek=dks viuh vkRekds
Hkh vkRek JhÏ".k fiz;re gSa rFkk Ï".k&lEcU/kh gksusds dkj.k ;s txr~
vkfn fiz;ek= gSa] fiz;re ughaA vkRekds Hkh vkRek gksusds dkj.k JhÏ".k
vgarkLin vkSj Ï".k lEcU/kh; gksusds dkj.k txr~ vkfn oLrq,¡ eerkLin
gSaA blfy, Xokyckyksadks Ï".k brus fiz; gSaA
o`gnkj.;d mifu"knds ;kKoYD; vkSj eS=s; laoknesa Hkh mi;qZDr
dFkudh iqf"V gksrh gSA
^l gksokp u ok vjs iR;q% dkek; fiz;ks HkoR;kReuLrq dkek;
ifr% fiz;ks Hkofr û ok vjs loZL; dkek; lo± fiz;a HkoR;kReuLrq
dkek; lo± fiz;a HkofrA* (o`- m- @@)
vFkkZr~] eg£"k ;kKoYD; eS=s;ls dg jgs gSaµ^^dksbZ Hkh izk.kh nwljksadh
izhfrds fy, muls izhfr ugha djrk] vius lq[kds fy, gh ifr L=hdks]
iRuh ifrdks] firk iq=dks ,oa iq= firkdks I;kj djrk gSA fdlh nwljsdh
izhfrds fy, dksbZ fiz; ugha gksrk] dsoy vkRekdh izhfr (lq[k)ds fy,
gh lHkh lcds fiz; gqvk djrs gSaA**AAAA
nsfguks·fLeu~ ;Fkk nsgs dkSekja ;kSoua tjkA
rFkk nsgkUrjizkfIr/khZjLr= u eqáfrAAAA
vUo;µnsfgu% ('kjhj/kkjhdk) vfLeu~ nsgs (bl 'kjhjesa) ;Fkk (ftl
izdkj) dkSekje~ (dqekjkoLFkk) ;kSoue~ (;qokoLFkk) tjk (o``¼koLFkk)
rFkk (mlh izdkj) nsgkUrj&izkfIr% (vU; 'kjhjdh izkfIr gksrh gS) èkhj%
(cqf¼eku~ O;fDr) r= (ml fo"k;esa) u eqáfr (eksfgr ugha gksrs
gSa)AAAA

#& JheÚxoåhrk (!
vuqoknµftl izdkj 'kjhj/kkjh thokRek bl LFkwy 'kjhjesa Øe'k%

dqekjkoLFkk] ;kSoukoLFkk rFkk o`¼koLFkk izkIr djrk gS] mlh izdkj
e`R;ksijkUr thokRekdks vU; 'kjhj izkIr gksrk gSA /khj O;fDr bl fo"k;esa
vFkkZr~ 'kjhjds uk'k ,oa mRifÙkds fo"k;esa eksfgr ugha gksrs gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµuuq pkRelEcU/ksu nsgks·fi izhR;kLina L;kr~] nsglEcU/ksu
iq=Hkzk=kn;ks·fi] rRlEcU/ksu uI=kn;ks·fi] vrLrs"kka uk'ks 'kksd% L;knsosfr
psnr vkg]µnsfgu bfrA nsfguks thoL;kfLeu~ nsgs dkSekja dkSekjizkfIrHkZofr]
rr% dkSekjuk'kkuUrja ;kSouizkfIr;kSZouuk'kkuUrja tjkizkfIr;ZFkk] rFkk ,o
nsgkUrjizkfIrfjfrA rr'pkRelEcfU/kuka dkSekjknhuka izhR;kLinkuka uk'ks ;Fkk
'kksdks u fØ;rs] rFkk nsgL;kI;kRelEcfU/ku% izhR;kLinL; uk'ks 'kksdks
u dÙkZO;%A ;kSouL; uk'ks tjkizkIrkS 'kksdks tk;r bfr psr~ dkSekjL;
uk'ks ;kSouizkIrkS g"kksZ·fi tk;r bfrA vrks Hkh"eæks.kknhuka th.kZnsguk'ks
[kyq uO;nsgkUrjizkIrkS r£g g"kZ% fØ;rkfefr Hkko%A ;}k ,dfLeékfi nsgs
dkSekjknhuka ;Fkk izkfIrLrFkSoSdL;kfi nsfguks thoL; ukuknsgkuka
izkfIrfjfrAAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;fn iz'u gks fd vkRekds lEcU/kls nsg Hkh izhfrdk
ik= gksxk] nsgds lEcU/kls iq=] HkkbZ bR;kfn ,oa muds lEcU/kls ikS=
vkfn Hkh izhfrds ik= gksaxs] vr,o mu yksxskadh e`R;q gksusij 'kksd
gksxk gh] rks blds mÙkjesa dgrs gSaµ^nsfgu%* bR;kfnA ftl izdkj thodks
bl nsgesa dkSekj izkfIr gksrh gS] dkSekjds {k; gksusij ;kSou izkIr gksrk
gS rFkk ;kSouds {k; gksusij cq<+kik izkIr gksrk gS] mlh izdkj nsgds
{k; gksusij vU; nsg izkIr gksrk gSA vr,o ftl izdkj vkRekls
lEcU/kfof'k"V izhR;kLin dkSekjkfnds {k; gksusij 'kksd ugha fd;k tkrk
gS] mlh izdkj vkRekds lEcU/kls tks nsg izhfrdk ik= cuk gS] mlds
fy, Hkh 'kksd djuk mfpr ugha gSA ;fn ;kSouds {k; gksusij cq<+kik
izkIr gksusls 'kksd gksrk gS] rks dkSekjds {k; gksusij tc ;kSou izkIr
gksrk gS] mlls g"kZ Hkh rks mRiék gksrk gSA vr,o Hkh"e&nzks.kkfnds th.kZ
'kjhjds uk'k gksusij u;s nsgdks izkIr djusds miy{;esa (rqedks) g"kZ
;k vkuUn gksuk pkfg, vFkok rqEgsa ,slk le>uk pkfg, fd ftl izdkj
,d gh nsgesa dkSekjkfn izkIr gksrk gS] mlh izdkj ,d gh nsgh (tho)
dks vusd izdkjds nsg izkIr gksrs gSaAAAA

(" f}rh; v/;k; #'
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµnsghdk rkRi;Z vkRek vFkok thols gSA

;g vfijoÙkZu'khy gS] fdUrq nsg ifjoÙkZu'khy gSA 'kjhjesa dkSekj] ;kSou]
tjk vkSj e`R;q:i ifjoÙkZu gksusij Hkh nsgh&vkRekesa dksbZ ifjoÙkZu ugha
gksrk gSA ;g lnk ,djl jgrk gSA blfy, 'kjhjds fouk'k gksusij
'kksd djuk mfpr ugha gSA tSls dqekjkoLFkkds foxr gksusij ;qokoLFkkds
vkxeuls 'kksdds cnys vkuUn gh gksrk gS] oSls gh e`R;qds i'pkr~
u;k] l{ke ,oa lokZÂlqUnj 'kjhjdh izkfIr gksusij nq%[kdh D;k ckr
gS] ogk¡ rks vkuUn gh gksuk pkfg,\ egkjkt ;;kfr vius 'olqj
'kqØkpk;Zds vfHk'kkils ;qokdkyesa gh o`¼ gks x,A mUgksaus cM+s nq%[kh
gksdj 'kqØkpk;Zds pj.kksaesa dkrj gksdj {kek ek¡xhA 'kqØkpk;Zus viuh
csVhdks [kq'k djusds fy, ;;kfrdks ojnku fn;k fd vius ;qok iq=ksaesa
ls fdlh ,dls viuh o`¼koLFkkdk vknku&iznku dj ldrs gksA cM+s
iq= ;nqus viuh ;qokoLFkk nsdj firkdh o`¼koLFkkdks ysuk vLohdkj
dj fn;k] D;ksafd os Hkxon~Hktu djuk pkgrs Fks] fdUrq muds iq=
iq#us viuh ;qokoLFkkdks nsdj vius firkdh o`¼koLFkkdks xzg.k fd;kA
bl izdkj ;;kfr iqu% ;qok gksdj nso;kuh bR;kfn jkfu;ksa rFkk iq=&ikS=ksads
lkFk Hkksx djrs gq, Lo;adks cgqr lq[kh le>us yxsA fdUrq] vUresa
bu lq[kksadks vkikr~ je.kh; ,oa ifj.kker% v'ks"k nq%[kdj le>dj
vius iq=dks mldh ;qokoLFkk ykSVkdj ouesa Hkxor~&Hktu djus pys
x,A (JheÚk- @)
blfy, tjkxzLr] th.kZ&'kh.kZ 'kjhjds uk'k gksusij lcy] LoLFk]
lqUnj u;s 'kjhjdh izkfIrls ykHk gh gksxkµ;g tkudj vkufUnr gksuk
gh mfpr gSAAAA
ek=kLi'kkZLrq dkSUrs; 'khrks".klq[knq%[knk%A
vkxekikf;uks·fuR;kLrkafLrfr{kLo HkkjrAAAA
vUo;µdkSUrs; (gs dqUrhuUnu!) ek=kLi'kkZ% rq (bfUnz;ksadh o`fÙkds
lkFk fo"k;ksadk la;ksx gh) 'khr&m".k&lq[k&nq%[knk% (lnhZ] xehZ] lq[k rFkk
nq%[k nsrk gS) ýrsµosþ vkxekikf;u% ({k.kHkaxqj) vfuR;k% (vfuR; gSa)
Hkkjr (gs Hkkjr!) rku~ (mudks) frfr{kLo (lgu djks)AAAA

$ JheÚxoåhrk ("
vuqoknµgs dqUrhuUnu! bfUnz;ksadh o`fÙkds lkFk fo"k;ksads la;ksxls

lnhZ] xehZZ] lq[k rFkk nq%[k izkIr gksrs gSaA os {k.kHkaxqj ,oa vfuR; gksrs
gSaA vr% gs Hkkjr! rqe mudks lgu djksAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµuuq lR;eso rÙoa] rnI;foosfduks ee eu ,okuFkZdkjh
o`FkSo 'kksdeksgO;kIra nq%[k;rhfr] r= u dsoya ,da eu ,o] vfi rq
eulks o`Ùk;ks·fi lokZLRoxknhfUæ;:ik% Lofo"k;kuqHkkO;kuFkZdkfj.;
bR;kgµek=sfrA ek=k bfUæ;xzkáfo"k;kLrs"kka Li'kZ% vuqHkok%A 'khrks".ksfr
vkxekikf;u bfrµ;nso 'khrytykfndeq".kdkys lq[kna] rnso 'khrdkys
nq%[knerks·fu;rRoknkxekikf;RokPp] rku~ fo"k;kuqHkoku~ frfr{kLo lgLo]
rs"kka lgueso 'kkL=fofgrks /keZ%A u fg ek?ks ekfl tyL; nq%[knRocq¼îSo
'kkL=s fofgr% Luku:iks /keZLR;T;rsA /keZ ,o dkys lokZuFkZfuoÙkZdks
Hkofr] ,oeso ;s iq=Hkzk=k|k% mRifÙkdkys /kuk|qiktZudkys p lq[knkLr
,o e`R;qdkys nq%[knk vkxekikf;uks·fuR;kLrkufi frfr{kLo] u rq
rnuqjks/ksu ;q¼:i% 'kkL=fofgr% Lo/keZLR;kT;%A fofgr/kekZukpj.ka [kyq
dkys egkuFkZÏnso bfr Hkko%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;fn dgks fd ;s ckrsa rks lR; gSa] rFkkfi O;FkZesa
'kksd&eksgkfnds }kjk O;kIr gksdj esjs tSls vfoosdhdk vuFkZdkjh eu
gh nq%[k iznku djrk gSA ;gk¡ dsoy eu gh ugha] vfirq eudh o`fÙk;ksads
}kjk Ropk vkfn bfUnz;k¡ vius vius fo"k;ksadk vuqHkodj vuFkZdkjh
gks tkrh gSa] rks lquksµbfUnz;xzká fo"k;lewg êk=k* gSa ,oa mudk
(fo"k;ksadk) vuqHko gh Li'kZ gSA JhHkxoku~ iqu% dgrs gSaµ^'khrks".k%
vkxekikf;u%* vFkkZr~ tks 'khry tykfn xzh"edkyesa lq[kn gksrs gSa] os
gh 'khrdkyesa nq%[kn gksrs gSaA vr% vfuR; ,oa vkus&tkusokyk tkudj
bu fo"k;ksads vuqHkodks lgu djksA budks lguk gh 'kkL=fofgr èkeZ
gSA ek?k eghusesa ty nq%[knk;h gksrk gS] ,slk tkudj 'kkL=fofgr Lukukfn
/keZdk ifjR;kx ugha fd;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj tks iq=] Hkzkrk bR;kfn
tUeds le; ,oa /kukfn miktZuds le; lq[kn gksrs gSa] os gh e`R;qdkyesa
nq%[kn gksrs gSaA vr% budks Hkh vfuR; vkSj {k.kHkaxqj tkudj lgu
djksA buds vuqjks/kij ;q¼:i 'kkL=fofgr Lo/keZ vR;kT; gSA
'kkL=fofgr /keZdk vukpj.k vo'; gh egkuFkZdkjh gksrk gSAAAA

(#$ f}rh; v/;k; $
;a fg u O;Fk;UR;srs iq#"ka iq#"k"kZHk A

lenq%[klq[ka /khja lks·e`rRok; dYirsAAAA
vUo;µiq#"k"kZHk (gs iq#"kJs"B!) ,rs (;s lHkh ek=k&Li'kZ)
lenq%+[klq[ke~ (lq[k rFkk nq%[kdks leku tkuusokys) ;e~ /khje~ iq#"ke~
(ftl /khj iq#"kdks) u O;Fk;fUr (O;kdqy ugha dj ldrs) l% fg
(os fu'p; gh) ve`rRok; dYirs (eks{kds fy, ;ksX; gksrs gaS )AAAA
vuqoknµgs iq#"kksÙke! tks /khj O;fDr ek=k&Li'kZ] lq[k ,oa nq%[kkfndks
leku le>rs gSa vkSj buds }kjk fopfyr ugha gksrs gSa] os fu'p; gh eqfDr
izkIr djusds ;ksX; gksrs gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµ,oa fopkjs.k rÙkRlgukH;kls lfr rs fo"k;kuqHkok% dkys
fdy ukfi nq%[k;fUrA ;fn p u nq%[k;fUr] rnkReeqfä%
LoizR;klékSosR;kgµ;fefrA ve`rRok; eks{kk;AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµbl izdkj fopkjiwoZd mu fo"k;ksadks lgusdk vH;kl
djusls muds vuqHko dkyesa nq%[k ugha gksxkA ;fn ;s fo"k; nq%[k
ugha nsrs gSa] rc rks vkReeqfDr Lo;a gh lehi vk tk,xhA blhfy,
;gk¡ ^;a* bR;kfn dgk tk jgk gSA ;gk¡ ^ve`rRok;* dk vFkZ
gSµeks{kAAAA
uklrks fo|rs Hkkoks ukHkkoks fo|rs lr%A
mHk;ksjfi n`"Vks·UrLRou;ksLrÙon£'kfHk% AAAA
vUo;µvlr% (vlr~ oLrqdh rks) Hkko% (lÙkk) u fo|rs (ugha
gS) rq (fdUrq) lr% (lr~ ;k fuR; oLrqdk) vHkko% (fouk'k) u
(ugha gS) rÙon£'kfHk% (rÙon'khZ yksxksads }kjk) vu;ks% mHk;ks% vfi
(bu nksuksadk) vUr% (fu"d"kZ) n`"V% (ns[kk x;k gS)AAAA
vuqoknµvlr~ oLrq ('khr&m".kkfn) dh rks lÙkk ugha gS vkSj fuR;
oLrq (vkRek) dk fouk'k ugha gSA rÙon'khZ yksxksaus lr~ vkSj vlr~ oLrqdh
vkykspukdj ,slk fu"d"kZ fudkyk gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµ,rPp foosdn'kkuf/k:<ku~ izfr mäe~A oLrqrLrq
ßvlÂks gî;a iq#"k%Þ bfr JqrsthZokReu'p LFkwy&lw{e&nsgkH;ka r¼eSZ%
'kksdeksgkfnfHk'p lEcU/kks ukLR;soA rRlEcU/kL;kfo|k&dfYirRokfnR;kgµ
usfrA vlrks·ukRe/keZRoknkRefu thos voÙkZekuL; 'kksdeksgknsLrnkJ;L;
nsgL; p Hkko% lÙkk ukfLrA rFkk lr% lR;:iL; thokReuks·Hkkoks uk'kks

$ JheÚxoåhrk (%
ukfLrA rLeknqHk;ksjsr;ksjlRlrksjUrks&fu.kZ;ks·;a n`"V%A rsu Hkh"ekfn"kq

Ronkfn"kq p thokRelq lR;Roknu'ojs"kq nsgnSfgd&foosd'kksdeksgkn;ks uSo
lUrhfrA dFka Hkh"ekn;ks uÀîfUr dFka ok rka LRoa 'kksplhfr Hkko%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;s ckrsa ,sls O;fDr;ksads fy, dgh tk jgh gSa] ftudks
foosdn'kk izkIr ugha gqbZ gSA oLrqr% Jqfr dfFkr ^vlÂksá;a iq#"k%*
ds vuqlkj LFkwy vkSj lw{e nksuksa izdkjds 'kjhj ,oa 'kksdeksgkfn:i
'kkjhfjd /keks±ls thokRekdk dksbZ lEcU/k ugha gS] D;ksafd ;s lEcUèk
vfo|kds }kjk dfYir gSaA blds fy, û* bR;kfn dgrs gSaA ^vlr%*
vFkkZr~ vukRe /keZds dkj.k vkRe&rÙo thoesa oÙkZeku 'kksd&eksgkfn
,oa buds vkJ;LFky nsgdh lÙkk ugha gSA bl izdkj ^lr%* vFkkZr~
lR;Lo:i thokRekdk fouk'k ugha gSA vr,o lr~ ,oa vlr~µbu
nksuksadk fu.kZ; bl izdkj gh ns[kk tkrk gSA vr,o rqeyksx vkSj Hkh"ekfn
lR; ;k fuR; gSa] ;g tkuusds ckn vfouk'kh thokRekds lEcU/kesa
nsg&nSfgd foosd&'kksd&eksgkfn ugha jgrs gSaA Hkh"ekfn fdl izdkj uk'k
gksaxs\ vFkok rqe Hkh fdl izdkj muds fy, 'kksdxzLr gksvksxs\AAAA
vfoukf'k rq rf}f¼ ;su loZfena rre~A
fouk'keO;;L;kL; u df'pRdÙkqZegZfrAAAA
vUo;µrq (fdUrq) ;su (ftlls) bne~ loZe~ (;g lEiw.kZ) rre~
(O;kIr gS) rr~ (ml vkRekdks) vfouk'kh (fouk'kjfgr) fof¼ (tkuks)
df'pr~ (dksbZ Hkh) vO;;L; vL; (ml vfouk'kh vkRekdk) fouk'ke~
(fouk'k) dÙkqZe~ (djusesa) u vgZfr (leFkZ ugha gS)AAAA
vuqoknµfdUrq] tks bl lkjs 'kjhjesa O;kIr gS] mls gh rqe vfouk'kh
tkuksA dksbZ Hkh ml vfouk'kh (vkRek) dk fouk'k djusesa leFkZ ugha
gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµukHkkoks fo|rs lr bR;L;kFk± Li"V;frµvfouk'khfrA
rr~ thokReLo:ia ;su loZfena 'kjhja rra O;kIre~A uuq 'kjhjek=O;kih
pSrU;Ros thokReuks e/;eifjek.kRosukfuR;Roizlfä%\ eSoaßlw{ek.kkeI;ga
tho%Þ bfr HkxonqDrs%] ß,"kks·.kqjkRek psrlk osfnrO;ks ;fLeu~ izk.ka
i´p/kk lafoos'kÞ bfr] ßckykxz'krHkkxL; 'kr/kk dfYirL; pA Hkkxks
tho% l foKs;%Þ bfrA ßvkjkxzek=ks áojks·fi n`"V%Þ bfr JqfrH;'p
rL; ijek.kqifjek.kRoesoA rnfi lEiw.kZnsgO;kfi'kfäeRoa trqtfVrL;

(% f}rh; v/;k; $!
egke.ksegZ kS"k/k[k.ML; ok f'kjL;wjfl ok /k`rL; lEiw.kZngs iqf"Vdj.k'kfäeRofeo

ukle´tle~A LoxZujd&ukuk;ksfu"kq xeu´p rL;ksikf/kikjo';knsoA
rnqDra izk.kef/kÏR; nÙkk=s;suµß;su laljrs iqeku~Þ bfrA vr,okL;
loZxrRoeI;fxze&'yksds o{;ek.ka ukle´tle~A vr,okO;;L;
fuR;L;µßfuR;ks fuR;kuka psru'psrukukesdks cgwuka ;ks fon/kkfr dkeku~]Þ
bfr Jqrs%] ;}k uuq nsgks thokRek ijekResR;sr}Lrqf=da euq";fr;Zxkfn"kq
loZ= n`';rs] r=k|;ksnsZgtho;ksLrÙoa ßuklrks fo|rs Hkko%Þ bR;usuksäe~]
r`rh;L; ijekReoLrqu% fda rÙofeR;r vkgµvfoukf'k fRofrA
rqµfHkékksiØes] ijekReuks ek;kthokH;ka Lo:ir% ikFkZD;kr~ bna
txr~AAAA
HkkokuqoknµûkHkkoks fo|rs lr%* vFkkZr~ lr~ ;k lR;:i rÙodk
uk'k ugha gSA mijksDr dFkuds vFkZdks Li"V djusds fy, ;gk¡ JhHkxoku~
^vfouk'kh* bR;kfn dg jgs gSaA ml thokRekdk Lo:i ,slk gS fd mlds
}kjk ;g lEiw.kZ 'kjhj O;kIr gSA ;fn iz'u gks fd D;k 'kjhjek=esa
O;kIr thokRekdk pSrU;Ro e/;e ifjek.kesa gksusds dkj.k vfuR; ugha
gks ldrk gS] rks blds mÙkjesa JhÏ".k dgrs gSaµ^^,slk ugha gks ldrk
gSA** Jqfr;ksaesa Hkh blds izek.k gSaSµ^lw{ekukeI;ga tho%* (JheÚk-
@@)vFkkZr~ lw{e rÙolewgesa eSa tho gw¡A ^,"kks·uqjkRek psrlk
osfnrO;ks ;fLeu~ izk.ka i´p/kk lafoos'k* (eq- m- @@) vFkkZr~ ;g
vkRek vR;Ur {kqnz gS] fo'kq¼ fpÙkesa gh bldh miyfC/k dh tkrh
gS] izk.kok;qµizk.k] viku] O;ku] leku rFkk mnkuµbu ik¡p izdkjksaesa
foHkDr gksdj 'kjhjesa izfo"V jgrs gSaA ^ckykxz'krHkkxL; 'kr/kk dfYirL;
pA Hkkxks tho% l foKs;%* ('os- m- @) vFkkZr~ ml thodks ckyds
vxzHkkxds nl gtkjosa Hkkxds leku lw{e tkuksA ^vkjkxzek=ks áojks·fi
n`"V%* (,s- m- @) vFkkZr~ vR;Ur lw{e:iokyk thokRek ns[kk x;k
gSA vr% mijksDr Jqfropuksals Hkh ;g fl¼ gksrk gS fd ifjek.kesa
thokRek ijek.kqds leku gS vFkkZr~ vfrlw{e gSA ftl izdkj yk[kesa
tM+h gqbZ egkef.k ;k egkS"kf/k flj ;k o{kij j[kusls lEiw.kZ 'kjhjdks
iq"V djusesa l{ke gS] mlh izdkj thokRek Hkh lEiw.kZ 'kjhjesa O;kIr
gksusesa l{ke gSA blesa dksbZ vlke´tL; ugha gSA mikf/k ijo'k gksusds
dkj.k ;g LoxZ&ujdkfn ,oa ukuk ;ksfu;ksaesa xeu djrk gSA nÙkk=s;us

$" JheÚxoåhrk (%
izk.kds lEcU/kesa bl izdkj dgk gSµ^;su laljrs iqeku~* vFkkZr~ ftlds

}kjk iq#"kdk lalkj gksrk gSA ijoÙkhZ 'yksdesa thokRekds lHkh LFkkuksaesa
fopj.k djusds xq.kdks crk;k tk,xkA blesa Hkh dksbZ vlke´tL; ugha
gSA vr,o thokRekdks ^vO;;L;* ;k fuR; dgk x;k gSA Jqfresa Hkh
bldk izek.k gSµ^fuR;ks fuR;kuka psru'psrukukesdks cgwuka ;ks fonèkkfr
dkeku~* (d- m- @@) vFkkZr~ tks fuR; oLrqvksaesa Hkh fuR; ,oa
psru oLrqvksaesa Hkh ,dek= psru gSa] tks ,d gksdj Hkh cgqr dk;ks±dks
djrs gSaA vFkok] ;fn dgk tk; fd nsg] thokRek vkSj ijekRekµ;s
rhuksa euq";] i'kq] i{kh vkfnesa loZ= ns[ks tkrs gSaA buesa ls izFke nks
vFkkZr~ nsg vkSj thodk rÙo iwoZ'yksd (uklrks fo|rs Hkko%) esa o.kZu
fd;k x;k gSA rhljh vFkkZr~ ijekRe oLrqdk D;k rÙo gS] rks blds
mÙkjesa JhHkxoku~ ^vfouk'kh* bR;kfn dg jgs gSaA ^rq* 'kCn fHkUu miØeesa
gSA Lo:ir% ek;k ,oa thodk ijekRekls ikFkZD; gksusds dkj.k gh
;g txr~ gqvk gSAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµvfouk'kh rÙo nks gSµ,d v.kq pSrU;
thokRek vkSj nwljk leLr thokRekvksads izdk'kd ,oa fu;Urk ijekRekA
tM+&psru leLr inkFkks±esa ,d gh ijekRek lk{kh:iesa fojkteku jgrs
gSaA thokRek,¡ vuUr gSaA ,d&,d LFkwy 'kjhjesa i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~:iesa
,d&,d vkRek fLFkr gSA izR;sd 'kjhjdk vkRek i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~:iesa
lq[k&nq%[kkfndk vuqHko djrk gSA ijczã ijekRek bu lcds lq[k&nq%[kls
mij dsoy lk{kh:iesa oÙkZeku jgrs gSaA bl 'yksdesa thokRe:i
vfouk'khdh ckr dgh xbZ gSA ;g v.kqfpr~ thokRek 'kjhjds ,d Hkkxesa
fLFkr gksdj Hkh lkjs 'kjhjesa dSls vuqHkwwr gksrk gSµbl iz'udk mÙkj
Hkxoku~ JhÏ".k bl 'yksdesa ns jgs gSaA osnkUrlw=ls Hkh JhÏ".kds mijksDr
dFkudh iqf"V gksrh gSµ^vfojks/k'pUnuor~* (cz- lw- @@) vFkkZr~
tSls gfj&pUnudk ,d cw¡n 'kjhjds ,d LFkkuij yxkusls lkjs 'kjhjesa
bldh 'khryrkdk vuqHko gksrk gS] oSls tho Hkh 'kjhjds ,d Hkkxesa
fLFkr gksdj Hkh lkjs 'kjhjesa vuqHkwr gksrk gSA Le`fresa Hkh bl dFkudh
iqf"V gqbZ gSµ
^v.kqek=ks·I;;a tho% LonsgsO;kI; fr"BfrA
;Fkk O;kI; 'kjhjkf.k gfjpUnufoizq"k%AA*

(& f}rh; v/;k; $#
vFkkZr~] ftl izdkj gfjpUnu&fcUnq 'kjhjds ,d Hkkxesa vofLFkr

jgdj Hkh lkjs 'kjhjdks vkuUnnk;d gksrk gS] tho Hkh mlh izdkj
,d LFkkuesa vofLFkr jgdj Hkh loZnsg O;kid gksrk gSA
;fn ;g iz'u gks fd thokRek nsgds fdl Hkkxesa vofLFkr gksrk
gS] rks blds mÙkjesa dgrs gSaµtho ân;esa vofLFkr jgrk gSµ^âfn
ás"k vkResfr* ("kV~iz'uh Jqfr)A osnkUrlw=esa Hkh ,slk gh dgk x;k
gSµ^xq.kk}kyksdor~* (cz- lw- @@) vFkkZr~ tho vius xq.kls izdk'kdh
Hkk¡fr lkjs 'kjhjesa O;kIr jgrk gSA tho v.kq gksusij Hkh psrukds xq.kls
;qDr gksusds dkj.k leLr 'kjhjesa O;kIr jgrk gSA ftl izdkj lw;Z
vkdk'kds ,d Hkkxesa fLFkr gksdj Hkh vius izdk'kls lEiw.kZ [kxksyesa
O;kIr jgrk gS] mlh izdkj tho Hkh lkjs 'kjhjesa O;kIr jgrk gSA Hkxoku~us
Lo;a xhrk (@) esa ,slk gh crk;k gSAAAA
vUroUr bes nsgk fuR;L;ksäk% 'kjhfj.k%A
vukf'kuks·izes;L; rLek|q/;Lo HkkjrAAAA
vUo;µfuR;L; (fuR; ,d:i) vukf'ku% (fouk'kjfgr) vizes;L;
(vifjes;] u ekius ;ksX;) 'kjhfj.k% (nsg/kkjh thods) bes nsgk% (;s
lc HkkSfrd 'kjhj) vUroUr% (fouk'k'khy) mDrk% (dgs x, gSa) Hkkjr
(gs vtqZu!) rLekr~ (vr%) ;q¼Lo (;q¼ djks)AAAA
vuqoknµfuR;] vfouk'kh vksSj vifjes; thokRekds ;s lc HkkSfrd
'kjhj uk'koku dgs x, gSaA vr% gs vtqZu! rqe ;q¼ djksAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµßuklrks fo|rs Hkko%Þ bR;L;kFk± Li"V;frµvUroUr
bfrA 'kjhfj.kks thoL; vizes;L; vfr&lw{eRokíqqKZs;L;A rLekn~ ;q/;Losfr
'kkL=fofgrL; Lo/keZL; R;kxks·uqfpr bfr Hkko%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµûklrks fo|rs Hkko%*µbldk vFkZ Li"V djrs gq,
^vUroUr%* bR;kfn dg jgs gSaA ^'kjhfj.k%* dk iz;ksx nsg/kkjh thods
fy, gqvk gSA ^vizes;L;* dk vFkZ gSµvfr lw{e gksusds dkj.k thokRek
nqKsZ; gSA ^rLekr~ ;q¼Lo* dk rkRi;Z gSµ;q¼ djks vFkkZr~ 'kkL=fofgr
/keZdk ifjR;kx loZFkk vuqfpr gSAAAA

$$ JheÚxoåhrk ('
; ,ua osfÙk gUrkja ;'pSua eU;rs gre~A

mHkkS rkS u fotkuhrks uk;a gfUr u gU;rsAAAA
vUo;µ;% (tks O;fDr) ,ue~ (bl thokRekdks) gUrkje~ (o/k
djusokyk) osfÙk (tkurk gS) ;% p (,oa tks) ,ue~ (bl vkRekdks)
gre~ eU;rs (ejk gqvk le>rk gS) rkS mHkkS (os nksuksa) u fotkuhr%
(ugha tkurs gSa) ý;Lekr~µD;ksafdþ v;e~ (;g vkRek) u gfUr (u
o/k djrk gS) u gU;rs (u gr gksrk gS)AAAA
vuqoknµtks O;fDr bl thokRekdks o/k djusokyk rFkk o/k gksusokyk
le>rs gSaµos nksuksa gh vK gSa] D;ksafd thokRek u rks fdlh dh gR;k
djrk gS vkSj u gh fdlhds }kjk gr gksrk gSAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµHkks o;L; vTtqZu! RoekRek u gUrs% dÙkkZ] ukfi gUrs%
deZ bR;kgµ; bfrA ,ua thokRekua gUrkja osfÙk] Hkh"eknhutZquks gUrhfr
;ks osÙkhR;FkZ%A grfefr Hkh"ekfnfHkjtZquks gU;r bfr ;ks osfÙk]
rkoqHkkoI;KkfuukSA vrks·tZquks·;a xq#tua gUrhR;Kkfuyksdxhrkn~ nq;Z'kl%
dk rs Hkhfrfjfr Hkko%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµgs l[ks vtqZu! rqe vkRek gks_ rqe u rks ^guu* fØ;kds
fy, dÙkkZ gks] u gh deZ gksA blds fy, JhHkxoku~ ^;* bR;kfn dg
jgs gSaA tks ,slk le>rs gSa fd ;g thokRek gR;k djusokyk gS vFkkZr~
vtZqu Hkh"e vkfndh gR;k djrs gSa vFkok tks ,slk le>rs gSa fd
Hkh"e vkfnds }kjk vtqZu gr gksrs gSaµos nksuksa gh vKkuh gSaA vr,o]
gs l[ks! rqEgsa ,slk Hk; D;ksa gks jgk gS fd vKkuh yksxksads }kjk xq#gUrk
dgs tkusls rqEgkjk vi;'k gksxk\AAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµJhÏ".k vtqZudks le>k jgs gSaµvtqZu!
rqe vkRek gks] vr% u rks rqe guu&dk;Zds dÙkkZ gks vkSj u gh
deZ gksA ;gk¡ ;g Li"V dj jgs gSa fd rqe Hkh"ekfn foi{kh ohjksadh
gR;k djusokys dÙkkZ ugha gks vFkok Hkh"ekfn foi{kh ohjksads }kjk gr
gksusokys deZ Hkh ugha gksA fdUrq] nsgkRecqf¼ lEiUu vKkuh O;fDr
LFkwy 'kjhjdks gh guu dk;Zdk dÙkkZ vkSj deZ ekurs gSa] vr,o rqe
bl rÙodks le>dj nsgkRe&vfHkeku NksM+dj vius vkRe&Lo:iesa
izfrf"Br gksvks vkSj esjs 'kj.kkxr gksdj fuHkZ;iwoZd esjh izhfrds fy,
dÙkZO; deks±dk vuq"Bku djksA rqEgsa bl fo"k;esa dksbZ vKkurk ugha
jguh pkfg,A

( f}rh; v/;k; $%
Jqfresa Hkh ,slk gh dgk x;k gSµ

^gUrk psUeU;rs gUra gr'psUeU;rs gre~A
mHkkS rkS u fotkuhrks uk;a gfUr u gU;rsAA*
(d- m- @@) AAAA
u tk;rs fez;rs ok dnkfpékk;a HkwRok Hkfork ok u Hkw;%A
vtks fuR;% 'kk'orks·;a iqjk.kks u gU;rs gU;ekus 'kjhjsAAAA
vUo;µv;e~ (;g thokRek) dnkfpr~ (dHkh Hkh) u tk;rs ok
u fez;rs (u tUe ysrk gS ;k u dHkh ejrk gS) HkwRok ok (vFkok
mRiék gksdj) Hkw;% u Hkfork (iqu% mRiék ugha gksrk gS) vt% (vtUek)
fuR;% (fuR;) 'kk'or% ('kk'or) iqjk.k% (:ikUrjjfgr ;k izkphu)
'kjhjs gU;ekus ('kjhj u"V gksusij Hkh) u gU;rs (vkRekdk fouk'k
ugha gksrk gS)AAAA
vuqoknµ;g thokRek dHkh Hkh u rks tUe ysrk gS vkSj u gh dHkh
ejrk gS vFkok iqu% iqu% bldh mRifÙk ;k o`f¼ ugha gksrh gSA ;g
vtUek] fuR;] 'kk'or vkSj izkphu gksusij Hkh fuR; uohu gSA 'kjhjds u"V
gksusij Hkh thokRekdk fouk'k ugha gksrk gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµthokReuks fuR;Roa Li"Vr;k lk/k;frµû tk;rs]
fez;rs* bfr tUeej.k;ksoZÙkZekuRo&fu"ks/k%] ûk;a HkwRok Hkfork* bfr
r;ksHkwZrRo&Hkfo";Ro&fu"ks/k%A vr,o ^vt%* bfr dky=;s·I;tL;
tUekHkkokékkL; izkxHkko%A 'kk'or% 'k'or~ loZdky ,o oÙkZr bfr ukL;
dky=;ks·fi /oal%] vr,ok;a fuR;%A r£g cgqdkyLFkkf;RokTtjkxzLrks·;fefr
psék] iqjk.k% iqjkfi uo% izkphuks·I;;a uohu bosfr "kMHkko&fodkjkHkkokfnfr
Hkko%A uuq 'kjhjL; ej.kknkSipkfjdUrq ej.keL;kLrq\ r=kgµusfrA
'kjhjs.k lg lEcU/kkHkkokékksipkj%AAAA
HkkokuqoknµthokRekds fuR;Rodks fl¼ djrs gq, JhHkxoku~ û
tk;rs fez;rs* bR;kfn dg jgs gSaA blds }kjk ;g fl¼ gksrk gS fd
oÙkZeku dkyesa thokRekdk tUe ;k e`R;q ugha gSA ûk;a HkwRok
Hkfork*µblds }kjk Hkwr ;k Hkfo";esa Hkh thokRekds tUe&e`R;qdk vHkko
fl¼ gksrk gSA iqu% ^vt* 'kCnds }kjk rhuksa dkyksaesa thokRekds tUedk
vHkko crkdj JhHkxoku~ ;g izekf.kr dj nsrs gSa fd iwoZdkyesa Hkh
thokRek oÙkZeku FkkA ^'kk'or%* 'kCndk rkRi;Z gSµtks loZdkyesa fo|eku

$& JheÚxoåhrk (
gS vFkkZr~ rhuksa dkyesa ftldk fouk'k ugha gSA vr,o thokRek fuR;
gSA fQj Hkh ;fn iz'u gks fd nh?kZdkyls LFkk;h jgusds dkj.k thokRek
tjkxzLr (cw<+k) gks ldrk gS] rks blds mÙkjesa JhHkxoku~ dgrs gSaµß,slk
ugha gS] D;ksafd ;g îqjk.k%* gS vFkkZr~ izkphu gksusij Hkh ;g uohu
jgrk gSA blesa tUekfn N% fodkjksadk vHkko gksrk gSAÞ ;fn iwoZi{k
gks fd 'kjhjds ejusij vkSipkfjd :ils Hkh ;g D;ksa ugha ejsxk] rks
blds mÙkjesa JhÏ".k dgrs gSaµugha] 'kjhjds lkFk bldk dqN Hkh lEcUèk
ugha gSAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµbl 'yksdesa thokRekdk fuR;Ro fl¼ fd;k
x;k gSA ;g tUe vkSj ej.kls vrhr] 'kk'or vkSj lukru gSA 'kjhjds
fouk'k gksusij Hkh mldk fouk'k ugha gSA blfy, vkRekesa tUe] fLFkfr]
o`f¼] ifj.kke] {k; vkSj fouk'kµbu N% fodkjksadk vHkko gSA
dBksifu"kneas Hkh Bhd blh izdkjds fl¼kUrls voxr gqvk tkrk
gSµ
û tk;rs fez;rs ok foif'pUuk;a dqrf'pUu cHkwo df'pr~A
vtks fuR;% 'kk'orks·;a iqjk.kks ugU;rs gU;ekus 'kjhjsAA*
(d- m- @@)
o`gnkj.;desa Hkh bl fl¼kUrdh iqf"V gksrh gSµ
^l ok ,"k egkut vkRektjks·ejks·e`rks·Hk;%* (o`- m- @@)
vFkkZr~] ;g vkRek fuf'pr:ils egku] vtUek] vtj] vej] ve`r
vkSj vHk; gSAAAA
osnkfoukf'kua fuR;a ; ,ueteO;;e~A
dFka l iq#"k% ikFkZ da ?kkr;fr gfUr de~AAAA
vUo;µikFkZ (gs ikFkZ!) ;% (tks) ,ue~ (vkRekdks) fuR;e~ (fuR;)
vte~ (vt) vO;;e~ (vO;;) vfoukf'kue~ (vfouk'kh) osn (tkurs
gSa) l% iq#"k% (os iq#"k) dFke~ (fdl izdkj) de~ (fdlhdk) ?kkr;fr
(o/k djokrs gaS) (ok) de~ (fdlhdh) gfUr (gR;k djrs gSa)AAAA
vuqoknµgs ikFkZ! tks O;fDr vkRekdks fuR;] vtUek] vO;; vkSj
vfouk'kh tkurs gSa] os fdl izdkj fdlhdh gR;k djokrs ;k gR;k djrs
gSa\AAAA

( f}rh; v/;k; $'
Jhfo'oukFkµvr ,oEHkwrKkus lfr Roa ;q/;ekuks·I;ga ;q¼s izsj;ékfi

nks"kHkktkS uSo Hkoko bR;kgµosnsfrA fuR;fefr fØ;kfo'ks"k.ke~]
vfoukf'kufefr] vtfefr] vO;;feR;srS£ouk'ktU;k vi{k;k fuf"k¼k%A
l iq#"kks eYy{k.k% da ?kkr;fr] dFka ok ?kkr;fr] rFkk l iq#"kLRoYy{k.k%
da gfUr] dFka ok gfUr\AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµvr,o gs ikFkZ! bl izdkj Kku gksusls ;q¼ djusij
Hkh rqe nks"kh ugha gksvksxs vkSj eSa Hkh ;q¼dh izsj.kk nsusds dkj.k nks"kh
ugha gksÅ¡xkA blds fy, gh ;gk¡ ôsn* bR;kfn 'kCn dgs tk jgs gSaA
^fuR;e~* 'kCn ;gk¡ fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k gSA vfouk'kh] vt rFkk vO;; dgusls
fouk'kds dkj.k vkRekdk tks {k; gksxkµmldk fu"ks/k gks tkrk gSA
,slk Kku gksusij esjs tSlk iq#"k fdlds }kjk ;k fdl izdkjls fdlhdk
o/k djkosxkA mlh izdkj rqe tSlk iq#"k fdldks ekjsxk ;k fdl izdkj
ekjsxk\AAAA
oklkaafl th.kkZfu ;Fkk fogk; uokfu x`÷kfr ujks·ijkf.kA
rFkk 'kjhjkf.k fogk; th.kkZU;U;kfu la;kfr uokfu nsghAAAA
vUo;µuj% (euq";) ;Fkk (ftl izdkj) th.kkZfu oklkafl (iqjk.ks
oL=ksadks) fogk; (R;kxdj) vijkf.k (nwljs) uokfu (u, oL=ksadks) x`÷kfr
(xzg.k djrk gS) rFkk (mlh izdkj) nsgh (thokREkk) th.kkZfu 'kjhjkf.k
(iqjkus 'kjhjksadks) fogk; (R;kxdj) vU;kfu uokfu (nwljs u, 'kjhjksadks)
la;kfr (/kkj.k djrk gS)AAAA
vuqoknµftl izdkj euq"; iqjkus oL=ksadks R;kxdj nwljs u;s oL=ksadks
xzg.k djrk gS] mlh izdkj thokREkk Hkh iqjkus 'kjhjksadks R;kxdj nwljs u;s
'kjhjksadks /kkj.k djrk gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµuuq enh;;q¼kn~ Hkh"elaKd&'kjhjUrq thokRek
R;{kR;sosR;rLRo´pkg´p r= gsrq Hkoko ,osR;r vkgµoklkalhfrA uohua
oL=a ifj/kkif;rqa th.kZoL=L; R;ktus df'pr~ fda nks"kks Hkorhfr Hkko%A
rFkk 'kjhjk.khfrµHkh"es th.kZ'kjhja ifjR;T; fnO;a uO;eU;PNjhja
izkIL;rhfr dLro ok ee ok nks"kks Hkorhfr Hkko%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;fn rqe dgks fd esjs ;q¼ls thokRek Hkh"e uked
'kjhjdk ifjR;kx djsxk vkSj bl txg vki ,oa eSa bldk dkj.k gksÅ¡xk]

% JheÚxoåhrk ( ! " #
rks lquksµuohu oL=dks iguusds fy, iqjkus oL=dk ifjR;kx djusesa

D;k dksbZ nks"k gksrk gS\ Hkh"e vius th.kZ 'kjhjdk ifjR;kxdj uwru
'kjhjdks /kkj.k djsaxs] blesa rqEgkjk ;k esjk D;k nks"k gksrk gS\AAAA
uSua fNUnfUr 'kókf.k uSua ngfr ikod%A
u pSua Dysn;UR;kiks u 'kks"k;fr ek#r%AAAA
vUo;µ'kL=kf.k ('kL=lewg) ,ue~ (bl thokRekdks) u fNUnfUr
(ugha Nsn ldrs gSa) ikod% (vfXu) ,ue~ (bls) u ngfr (ugha tyk
ldrk gS) vki% (ty) ,ue~ (bldks) u Dysn;fUr (ugha xhyk dj
ldrk gS) p (,oa) ek#r% (ok;q) u 'kks"k;fr (ugha lq[kk ldrh
gS)AAAA
vuqoknµbl thokRekdks u 'kL=ksads }kjk Nsnk tk ldrk gS] u vkxds
}kjk tyk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj u gh tyds }kjk fH¡kxks;k tk ldrk gS
vkSj u gh ok;qds }kjk lq[kk;k tk ldrk gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµu p ;q¼s Ro;k iz;qäsH;% 'kL=kL=sH;% dkI;kReuks O;Fkk
lEHkosfnR;kgµuSufefrA 'kL=kf.k [kM~xknhfu] ikod% vkXus;kL=efi
;q"enkfniz;qäe~] vki% iktZU;kL=efi] ek#rks ok;O;eL=e~AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµgs vtqZu! rqEgkjs }kjk ;q¼esa iz;qä 'kL=kfnds }kjk
vkRekdks fdlh Hkh izdkjdh O;Fkk ;k ihM+kdh lEHkkouk ugha gSA blds
fy, JhHkxoku~ ûSua* bR;kfn dg jgs gSaA ;gk¡ ^'kL=kf.k* dk vFkZ gSµ
[kM~xkfn] îkod%* dk vFkZ gSµvkXus;kL=] ^vki%* dk vFkZ gSµiktZU;kL=
vkSj êk#r%* dk vFkZ gSµok;O;kL=A gs vtqZu! rqEgkjs }kjk iz;qä
bu lkjs vL=ksads }kjk Hkh vkRekdks dksbZ ihM+k ugha gksxhAAAA
vPNs|ks·;enkáks·;eDys|ks·'kks"; ,o pA
fuR;% loZxr% LFkk.kqjpyks·;a lukru%AAAA
vO;äks·;efpUR;ks·;efodk;ksZ·;eqP;rs A
rLeknsoa fofnRoSua ukuq'kksfprqegZflAAAA
vUo;µv;e~ (;g vkRek) vPNs|% (vfoHkkT; gS) v;e~ (;g
thokRek) vnká% (vnká] u tyusokyk gS) v;e~ (a;g thokRek)
vDys|% (u gha xhyk gksusokyk gS) v'kks"; ,o p (vkSj u lw[kus;ksX;

( " # f}rh; v/;k; %
gS) v;e~ (;g thokRek) fuR;% (fuR;) loZxr% (loZ= xeu djusij
Hkh) LFkkuq% (fLFkj jgusokyk gS) vpy% (vpy] vifjorZu'khy)
lukru% (lukru) v;e~ (;g thokRek) vfpUR; (euds fy, vxkspj
gS) v;e~ (;g thokRek) vfodk;Z% (vfodkjh) mP;rs (dgk tkrk
gS) rLekr~ (vr%) ,ue~ (bl thokRekdks) ,oa fofnrk (bl izdkj
tkudj) vuq'kksfprqe~ ('kksd djusds) u vgZfl (;ksX; ugha
gks)AA&AA
vuqoknµ;g thokRek vfoHkkT;] vnká] vDys| ,oa v'kks"; gSA ;g
fuR;] loZO;kid] LFkk;h] vpy ,oa lukru gSA ;g vO;Dr] vfpUR; ,oa
vfodkjh Hkh dgykrk gSA tUekfn "kM~fodkjjfgr gksusds dkj.k bls vfodkjh
Hkh dgk tkrk gSA vr% thokRekdks bl izdkjls tkuusds ckn rqEgkjk 'kksd
djuk mfpr ugha gSAA&AA
Jhfo'oukFkµrLeknkRek;esoeqP;r bR;kgµvPNs| bfrA v=
izdj.ks thokReuks fuR;RoL; 'kCnrks·FkZr'p ikSu#DR;a fu¼kZj.kiz;kstda
lfUnX/k/kh"kq Ks;e~A ;Fkk dykofLeu~ /keksZ·fLr /keksZ·Lrhfr f=prq¼kZiz;ksxkr~
/keksZ·LR;sosfr fu%la'k;k izrhfr% L;kfnfr Ks;e~A loZxr% LodeZo'kkr~
nsoeuq";fr;Zxkfn&loZnsgxr%] LFkk.kqjpy bfr ikSu#DR;a LFkS;Zfu¼kZj.kkFkZe~]
vfrlw{eRoknO;äLrnfi nsgO;kfipSrU;RoknfpUR;ks·rD;Z%] tUekfn"kM~&
fodkjkugZRoknfodk;Z%AA&AA
Hkkokuqoknµvr% vkRekdks ^vPNs|* bR;kfn dgk x;k gSA
lfUnX/k fpÙkokys O;fDrds lUnsgdks nwj djusds fy, ;gk¡ thokRek 'kCnds
fuR;Rodh 'kCnr% rFkk vFkZr% iqu#fDr tkuuh pkfg,A ftl izdkj
dfy;qxesa /keZ gS] /keZ gSµbl izdkj rhu&pkj ckj iz;ksx djuls ;g
izrhfr fu%lUnsg gksxh fd dfy;qxesa /keZ gSA mlh izdkj thokRekdh
fuR;rkdks fl¼ djusds fy, ,slk fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ ^loZxr%* dk
rkRi;Z gSµnsork] euq";] i'kq&i{kh vkfn lHkh ;ksfu;ksaesa Hkze.k djusokykA
^LFkk.kq%* ,oa ^vpy%* 'kCnksadh iqu#fDr vkRekdh fLFkjrkdk fu/kkZj.k djusds
fy, d h xbZ gSA ^vO;Dr%* ^vfpUR;%*µvfrlw{e gksusds dkj.k thokRek
vO;Dr gS ,oa nsgO;kih pSrU; gksusds dkj.k ;g vfpUR; vFkkZr~ vrD;Z
gSA tUekfn N% fodkjksals jfgr gksusds dkj.k ;g vfodkjh gSAA&AA

% JheÚxoåhrk ( $
vFk pSua fuR;tkra fuR;a ok eU;ls e`re~A

rFkkfi Roa egkckgks uSua 'kksfprqegZflAAAA
vUo;µegkckgks (gs egkckgks vtqZu!) vFk p (vkSj Hkh ;fn)
,ue~ (vkRekdks) fuR;tkre~ ('kjhjds lkFk mRiék gksusokyk) ok fuR;e~
e`re~ (;k fuR; ej.k'khy) eU;ls (ekurs gks) rFkkfi (rFkkfi) Roe~
(rqe) ,ue~ (blds fy,) 'kksfprqe~ ('kksd djusds) u vgZfl (;ksX;
ugha gks)AAAA
vuqoknµgs egkckgks! vkSj Hkh] ;fn rqe thokRekdks fuR; tUe
ysusokyk vkSj fuR; ejusokyk ekurs gks] rFkkfi rqEgkjk bl izdkj 'kksd
djusdk dksbZ dkj.k ugha gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµrnsoa 'kkL=h;&rÙon`"Vîk Rokega izcks/k;e~] O;ogkfjd&
rÙon`"Vîkfi izcks/k;kE;o/ksghR;kgµv;sfrA fuR;tkra nsgs tkrs lR;so
fuR;a fu;ra tkra eU;ls] rFkk nsg,o e`rs e`ra fuR;a eU;lsA êgkckgks*
bfr ijkØeor% {kf=;L; ro rnfi ;q¼eko';da Lo/keZ%] ;nqäe~
(JheÚk- @@)µ^^{kf=;k.kke;a /keZ% iztkifrfofu£er%A Hkzkrkfi
Hkzkrja gU;k|su ?kksjrjLrr%AAÞ bfr Hkko%AAAA
HkkokuqoknµJhHkxoku~ dgrs gSaµßgs vtqZu! vc rd 'kkL=h;
n`f"Vdks.kls eSaus rqEgsa le>k;k] ijUrq vc O;ogkfjd n`f"Vdks.kls le>k
jgk gw¡wA rqe bls euks;ksxiwoZd lquksA ;fn rqe nsgds tUedks fuR; ekurs
gks vFkkZr~ fuR; mRiék gksusokyk ekurs gks] blh izdkj ;fn nsgdh e`R;qdks
fuR; vFkkZr~ fuR; ej.k'khy ekurs gks] rc Hkh gs egkckgks! ijkØeh
{kf=; gksusds dkj.k rqEgkjk ;q¼ djuk vko';d Lo/keZ gSA JheÚkxoresa
Lo/keZds lEcU/kesa dgk x;k gSµ
^{kf=;k.kke;a /keZ% iztkifrfofu£er%A
Hkzkrkfi Hkzkrja gU;kn~ ;su ?kksjrjLrr%AA*
(JheÚk- @@)
vFkkZr~] iztkifrds }kjk l`"V {kf=;x.kds Lo/kekZuqlkj ,d HkkbZ nwljs
HkkbZdh Hkh gR;k djrk gSA vr% bl {kf=; /keZdks vfr'k; Hk;kog
dgk x;k gSAÞAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµ;gk¡ Hkxoku~ JhÏ".k 'kkL=n`f"Vdks NksM+dj
O;ogkfjd n`f"Vdk voyEcudj le>k jgs gSa fd Jqfr vkfn 'kkL=ksads
vuqlkj vkRekdks fuR; le>usls 'kksddh dksbZ ckr gh ugha] vfirq

( % & f}rh; v/;k; %!
O;ogkfjd n`f"Vls Hkh 'kksddh dksbZ ckr ughaA pkokZdkfn ukfLrd fopkjd
Hkh vkRekdks LFkwy nsgdh Hkk¡fr vfuR; ekurs gSa vkSj dgrs gSa fd
e`R;qds ckn vkRekdk dksbZ vfLrRo ugha jgrkA oSHkkf"kd
ckS¼ds erkuqlkj Hkh vkRekdks fu;r tkr vkSj fu;r e`r ekuusij
'kksd djuk dÙkZO; ughaAAAA
tkrL; fg /kzqoks e`R;q/kzZqoa tUe e`rL; pA
rLeknifjgk;sZ·FksZ u Roa 'kksfprqegZflAAAA
vUo;µfg (D;ksafd) tkrL; (tUeizkIr O;fDrdh) e`R;q% (e`R;q)
/kqzo% (fuf'pr gS) e`rL; p (vkSj e`r O;fDrdk) tUe (tUe) èkqzoe~
(fuf'pr gS) rLekr~ (vr%) Roe~ (rqe) vifjgk;Zs vFksZ (vfuok;Z
fo"k;esa) 'kksfprqe ('kksd djusds) u vgZfl (;ksX; ugha gks)AAAA
vuqoknµD;ksafd] ftlus tUe xzg.k fd;k gS mldh e`R;q fuf'pr gS
vkSj e`r O;fDrdk tUe Hkh fuf'pr gSA vr% bl vifjgk;Z (vo';EHkkoh)
fo"k;esa rqEgkjk 'kksd djuk mfpr ughaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµfg ;LekÙkL; LokjEHkd&deZ{k;s e`R;q/kzqZoks fuf'pr%A
e`rL; rísgÏrsu deZ.kk tUekfi /kzqoeso\ vifjgk;Zs·FkZ bfr e`R;qtZUe
p ifjgÙkZqe'kD;esosR;FkZ%AAAA
HkkokuqoknµD;ksafd] tc mlds izkjC/kdeZ lekIr gks tkrs gSa] rks
mldh e`R;q fuf'pr gS vkSj orZeku 'kjhjds }kjk fd, x, deZQydk
Hkksx djusds fy, e`R;qds i'pkr~ mldk tUe ysuk Hkh fuf'pr gSA
tUe vkSj e`R;qµbl vifjgk;Z fo"k;dk ifjgkj djusesa lHkh vleFkZ
gSaAAAA
vO;äknhfu Hkwrkfu O;äe/;kfu HkkjrA
vO;äfu/kukU;so r= dk ifjnsoukAAAA
vUo;µHkkjr (gs vtqZu!) Hkwrkfu (lHkh tho) vO;Drknhfu
(izkjEHkesa vizdV] vKkr jgrs gSa) O;Dre/;kfu (e/;koLFkkesa O;Dr
;k Kkr gksrs gSa) vO;Drfu/kukfu ,o (e`R;qds ckn Hkh vO;Dr ;k
vKkr gks tkrs gSa) r= dk ifjosnuk (vr% mlds fy, 'kksd D;ksa
gS)AAAA
vuqoknµgs Hkkjr! lHkh tho tUels iwoZ vO;Dr jgrs gSa] tUeds ckn
e/;koLFkkesa O;Dr gksrs gSa vkSj e`R;qds ckn iqu% vO;Dr gks tkrs gSaA vr%
bl fo"k;esa 'kksddk D;k dkj.k gS\AAAA

%" JheÚxoåhrk ( &
Jhfo'oukFkµrnsoa ^thoi{ks*µßu tk;rs u fez;rsÞ bR;kfnuk] ^nsgi{ks*

p ßtkrL; fg /kzqoks e`R;q%Þ bR;usu 'kksdfo"k;a fujkÏR;snkuheqHk;i{ks·fi
fujkdjksfrµvO;äsfrA Hkwrkfu&nso&euq";&fr;Zxknhfu] vO;äkfu u
O;fäjknkS tUeiwoZdkys ;s"kke~] fdUrq rnkuhefi fyÂnsg% LFkwynsg'p
LokjEHkd i`fFkO;kfnæO;lÙokr~ dkj.kkReuk oÙkZekuks·Li"VeklhnsosR;FkZ%A
O;äa O;fäeZ/;s ;s"kka rkfu] u O;fä£u/kuknuUrja ;s"kka rkfuA egkizy;s·fi
deZ e k=knhuka lÙokr~ lw { e:is . k Hkw r kfu lUR;s o ] rLekr~
loZHkwrkU;k|Urj;ksjO;äkfu e/;s O;äkuhR;FkZ%] ;nqäa JqfrfHk% (JheÚk-
@@)µ^^fLFkjpjtkr;% L;qjt;ksRFkfufeÙk;qtksÞ bfrA dk ifjnsoukµ
d% 'kksdfufeÙkks foyki%\ rFkk pksäa ukjnsu (JheÚk- @@)µß;UeU;ls
/kzqoa yksde/kzqoa ok u pksHk;e~A loZFkk fg u 'kksP;kLrs LusgknU;=
eksgtkr~ûÞ bfrAAAA
Hkkokuqoknµbl izdkj thods i{kesa û tk;rs fez;rs* bR;kfnds }kjk
vkSj ^tkrL; fg /kqzoks e`R;q%* bR;kfnds }kjk 'kjhjds i{kesa 'kksddk
fuokj.kdj vc ^vO;Dr* bR;kfn }kjk thokRek vkSj 'kjhjµnksuksads
fy, 'kksddk fuokj.kdj jgs gSaA nsork] euq";] i'kq&i{kh vkfn tUeds
iwoZ vO;Dr jgrs gSa] ml le; Hkh lw{e vkSj LFkwy nsg LokjEHkd
i`Foh vkfn nzO;ksads dkj.kkRe:iesa oÙkZeku jgusij Hkh vizdkf'kr gh
jgrs gSaA os e/;dkyesa O;Dr gksrs gSa vkSj fu/kuds i'pkr~ iqu% vizdV
gks tkrs gSaA egkizy;esa Hkh deZ&ek=kfnds jgusls tho lw{e:iesa orZeku
gh jgrs gSaA vr% lHkh tho vkfn vkSj vUresa vO;Dr] fdUrq
e/;esa O;Dr jgrs gSaA Jqfr;ksaesa Hkh dgk x;k gSµ^fLFkjpjtkr;%
L;qjt;ksRFkfufeÙk;qtks* (JheÚk- @@) vFkkZr~ deZ:i fufeÙkds
lkFk pjkpj thoksadk vkfoHkkZo gksrk gSA vr% 'kksdds fy, foyki
D;ksa\ JheÚkxoresa ukjnth Hkh dgrs gSaµ
^;UeU;ls /kqzoa yksde/kqoza ok u pksHk;e~A
loZFkk fg u 'kksP;kLrs LusgknU;= eksgtkr~AA*
(JheÚk- @@)
vFkkZr~] ;fn euq";dks tho:ieas fuR; vkSj nsg:iesa vfuR; ekudj
fopkj djks vFkok vfuoZpuh; gksusds dkj.k fuR; rFkk vfuR; nksuksa

( & f}rh; v/;k; %#
gh :iksaesa fopkj djks] fdlh Hkh izdkjls fopkj djusij rqe 'kksdds
ik= ugha gksA eksgtfur Lusgds vfrfjDr 'kksddk vU; dksbZ dkj.k
ugha gSAAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµleLr izk.kh vO;Drls mRiUu gksdj dqN
fnu O;Dr jgrs gSa rFkk iqu% vO;Dresa gh fLFkr gks tkrs gSaµbls
le>kusds fy, fg bl 'yksddh vorkj.kk gqbZ gSA Vhdkesa m¼`r (JheÚk-
@@) 'yksddh Vhdkesa Jhy fo'oukFk pØoÙkhZ Bkdqj
fy[krs gSa fd tholewg ijes'ojls mRiUu gksusds dkj.k ijes'ojds
v/khu gSaA tc vki ijes'oj ek;kls vrhr vkSj vuklDr gksdj
Hkh ek;kds izfr bZ{k.k:i ØhM+k djrs gSa] rHkh deZ&laLdkjls ;qDr
LFkkoj&tÂkRed nsg/kkjh tho izdV gksrs gSaA loZ= gh ^mRiUu* 'kCndk
rkRi;Z îzdV* ls gSA ;fn iz'u gks fd eq> ijes'ojesa yhu gq, thoksadk
tUe izdkj gksrk gS] rks bldk mÙkj ;g gS fd esjs bZ{k.k }kjk (n`f"Vikr
vFkok bPNk'kfDrdh izsj.kk }kjk) mfRFkr deZlewg] rnuUrj fyÂ'kjhjds
lkFk ;qDr gksdj tho izdV gksrk gSA iqu% LFkwy 'kjhjls ;qDr gksdj
thodk tUe gksrk gS vFkkZr~ dk;ksZikf/k;ksads y; gksusij tholewgdk
y; ekuk tkrk gS_ iqu% deZ&laLdkj] lw{e 'kjhj vkSj LFkwy 'kjhjls
;qDr thodk bl txr~esa fofHkUu ;ksfu;ksaesa izdV gksuk gh tUe dgk
tkrk gSA
o`gnkj.;d Jqfresa ,slk dgk x;k gSµ
^;FkkXus% {kqnzk foLQqfyÂk O;qPpjUR;soesokLeknkReu% losZ izk.kk% losZ
yksdk% losZ nsok% lokZf.k Hkwrkfu O;qPpjfUrA*
vFkkZr~] ftl izdkj vfXuls LQqfyÂ izdfVr gksrs gSa] mlh izdkj
okd~ vkfn bfUnz;k¡] lq[k&nq%[k vkfn deZQy] lHkh nsork] czãkls ysdj
phaVh rd leLr izk.kh eq> ijekRekls izdfVr gksrs gSaA
egkHkkxor Jh;ejkt Hkh ,slk dgrs gSaµ
^;=kxrLr= xra euq";e~*
vFkkZr~] ftl vKkr LFkkuls euq"; (izkf.kek=) dk mn~Hko gksrk
gS] iqu% os ogha pys tkrs gSaAAAA

%$ JheÚxoåhrk ( '
vk'p;Zor~ i';fr df'pnsuek'p;Zon~ onfr rFkSo pkU;%A

vk'p;ZoPpSueU;% Ük`.kksfr JqRokI;sua osn u pSo df'pr~AAAA
vUo;µdf'pr~ (dksbZ) ,ue~ (bl vkRekdks) vk'p;Zor~
(vk'p;Zdh Hkk¡fr) i';fr (ns[krk gS) rFkk ,o p (mlh izdkj) vU;%
(vU; dksbZ) ,ue~ (bldks) vk'p;Zor~ (vk'p;Zdh Hkk¡fr) onfr
(cksyrk gS) vU;% p (vkSj dksbZ) ,ue~ (bls) vk'p;Zor~ (vk'p;Zdh
Hkk¡fr) Ük`.kksfr (lqurk gS) df'pr~ p (iqu% dksbZ) JqRok vfi (lqudj
Hkh) ,ue~ (bls) u osn ,o (ugha tkurk gS)AAAA
vuqoknµdksbZ thokRekdks vk'p;Zdh Hkk¡fr ns[krk gS] dksbZ bls vk'p;Zdh
Hkk¡fr cksyrk gS] dksbZ bls vk'p;Zdh rjg lqurk gS] fdUrq dksbZ dksbZ lqudj
Hkh bls ugha tku ikrk gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµuuq fdfena vk'p;± czw"ks\ fd´pSrnI;k'p;±] ;nso
izcks/;ekuL;kI;foosdks uki;krhfr r= lR;esoesosR;kgµvk'p;ZofnfrA
,uekRekua nsg´p rnqHk;:ia loZyksde~AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµgs vtqZu! ;fn rqe dgks fd vki ;s D;k vk'p;Zdh
ckr dj jgs gSa] rks lquksµ;gh vk'p;Zdh ckr gS] ftls le>kus ij
Hkh rqEgkjk vfoosd nwj ugha gks jgk gSA rqEgkjk la'k; mfpr gS] blds
fy, gh ^vk'p;Zor~* bR;kfn dgk tk jgk gSA vkRek rFkk nsgµbu
nksuksads :iesa lEiw.kZ txr~ vk'p;Ze; gSAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµvkRerÙp nqKsZ; gksusds dkj.k vkRek]
vkRekds mins'kd] vkRek&lEcU/kh mins'k rFkk mlds Jksrkµ;s lHkh
vk'p;Z&ln`'k gSa vFkkZr~ dksbZ fojys egkiq#"k vk'p;Zdh Hkk¡fr vkRekdks
ns[krs gSa] dksbZ fojyk Jksrk vk'p;Zdh Hkk¡fr Jo.k djrk gS vkSj
,sls mins'kksadks oSls rÙofon~ O;fDrds }kjk Jo.k djk;s tkusij Hkh
vf/kdka'k Jksrk bldh miyfC/k ugha dj ikrs] ;g vkSj Hkh vk'p;Zdh
ckr gSA dBksifu"kn~ (@@) esa Hkh ,slk ns[kk tkrk gSµ
^Jo.k;kfi cgqfHk;ksZ u yH;% J`.oUrks·fi cgoks ;a u fonq%A
vk'p;ksZ·L; oDrk dq'kyks·L; yC/kk vk'p;ksZ Kkrk dq'kykuqf'k"V%AA*
vFkkZr~] vf/kdka'k yksxksads fy, vkRe&rÙodk mins'k Jo.k djuk
nqyZHk gksrk gSA mls lqudj Hkh cgqrls Jksrk mldk vuqHko ugha dj
ikrs] D;ksafd vkRe&rÙofon~ mins'kd vR;Ur nqyZHk gksrs gSaA ;fn
lkSHkkX;o'k oSlk mins'kd izkIr Hkh gks tk;] rks bl fo"k;ds Jksrk
vR;Ur nqyHZ k gSAa

(!! f}rh; v/;k; %%
blfy, JhpSrU; egkizHkqthus dfydkyds thoksads fy, Jhgfjuke&

ladhÙkZu djusdk mins'k fn;k gSA ;gk¡ rd fd J¼kghu O;fDr Hkh
pyrs&fQjrs] mBrs&cSBrs] [kkrs&ihrs] jksrs&g¡lrsµftl fdlh izdkjls
Hkh HkxoUuke D;ksa u xzg.k djsa] mudk dY;k.k gks tkrk gSA os Øe'k%
'kq¼ HkDrksadk lÂ ykHkdj Hkxor~&izse rd izkIr dj ysrs gSa rFkk
xkS.k:iesa vkRe&rÙodks Hkh lgt gh izkIr dj ysrs gSaA
ê/kqj&e/kqjesrUeÂya eÂykuka ldy fuxeoYyh lRQya fpRLo:ie~A
lÏnfi ifjxhra J¼;k gsy;k ok Hk`xqoj ujek=a rkj;sr~ Ï".kukeAA*
^lkÁsR;a ifjgkL;a ok LrksHka gsyueso okA
oSdq.B ukexzg.ke'ks"kk?kgja fonq%AA*
(JheÚk- @@) AAAA
nsgh fuR;eo/;ks·;a nsgs loZL; HkkjrA
rLekr~ lokZf.k Hkwrkfu u Roa 'kksfprqegZflAAAA
vUo;µHkkjr (gs Hkkjr!) v;e~ nsgh (;g vkRek) loZL; nsgs
(lHkhds 'kjhjesa) fuR;e~ (lnk gh) vo/;% (vo/; gS) rLekr~ (vr%)
Roe~ (rqe) lokZf.k Hkwrkfu (lHkh thoksads fy,) 'kksfprqe~ ('kksd djusds)
u vgZfl (;ksX; ugha gks)AAAA
vuqoknµgs vtqZu! 'kjhj/kkjh ;g vkRek lHkh 'kjhjksaesa fuR; vo/;:iesa
vofLFkr gS] vr% thokRekds fy, rqEgkjk 'kksd djuk mfpr ugha gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµr£g fu'pR; czwfgµfdega dq;k± fdaok u dq;kZfefr]
r= 'kksda ek dq#] ;q¼a rq dq£oR;kgµnsghfr }kH;ke~AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;fn dgks fd eSa D;k d:¡ vkSj D;k ugha d:¡] vki
bls fuf'pr dj crkosa] rks bldk mÙkj gSµrqe 'kksddk ifjR;kxdj
;q¼ djksA blds fy, gh ;s ^nsgh* bR;kfn nks 'yksd dgs tk jgs gSaAAAA
Lo/keZefi pkos{; u fodfEirqegZflA
/kE;kZf¼ ;q¼kPNªs;ks·U;r~ {kf=;L; u fo|rsAAAA
vUo;µLo/keZefi p (vkSj Lo/keZdh Hkh) vos{; (vkykspukdj)
Roe~ (rqe) fodfEirqe~ (fopfyr gksusds) u vgZfl (;ksX; ugha gks)
fg (D;ksafd) {kf=;L; ({kf=;dk) /kekZr~ ;q¼kr~ (/keZds fy, ;q¼ djusdh
vis{kk) vU;r~ Js;% (vU; eÂy dk;Z) u fo|rs (ugha gS)AAAA

%& JheÚxoåhrk (!
vuqoknµnwljh vksj Lo/keZdk fopkj djusij Hkh rqEgkjk fopfyr gksuk

mfpr ugha gSa] D;ksafd /keZds fy, ;q¼ djusdh vis{kk {kf=;ds fy, vU;
dqN Hkh eÂyizn dk;Z ugha gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµvkReuks uk'kkHkkoknso o/kkf}dfEirqa Hksrqa ukgZfl]
Lo/keZefi pkos{; u fodfEirqegZlhfr lEcU/k%AAAA
HkkokuqoknµvkRekds vfouk'kh gksusds dkj.k blds o/kdh vk'kadkls
rqEgkjk fopfyr gksuk mfpr ugha gSA Lo/keZdks Hkh y{; djusij Hkh
rqEgkjk fopfyr gksuk mfpr ugha gSAAAA
;n`PN;k pksiiéka LoxZ}kjeiko`re~A
lqf[ku% {kf=;k% ikFkZ yHkUrs ;q¼ehn`'ke~AAAA
vUo;µikFkZ (gs ikFkZ!) lqf[ku% {kf=;k% (HkkX;oku~ {kf=;x.k gh)
;n`PN;k mRiéke~ (Lor% izkIr) viko`re~ LoxZ}kje~ p (,oa [kqys gq,
LoxZ}kjds leku) bZn`'ke~ ;q¼e~ (bl izdkjds ;q¼dks) yHkUrs (izkIr
djrs gSa)AAAA
vuqoknµgs ikFkZ! HkkX;oku~ {kf=;x.k gh LoxZds [kqys }kjds leku ,sls
;q¼ds voljdks vuk;kl izkIr djrs gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµfd´p] tsr`H;% ldk'kknfi U;k;;q¼s e`rkukef/kda
lq[kerks Hkh"eknhu~ gRok rku~ izR;qr Lorks·I;f/kdlqf[ku% dq£oR;kgµ
;n`PN;sfrA LoxZlk/kua deZ;ksxeÏRokihR;FkZ%A viko`reixrkoj.ke~AAAA
HkkokuqoknµJhHkxoku~ dgrs gSaµ^Û;k; ;q¼esa fotsrkds gkFkls e`R;q
izkIr djusokysdks ekjusokysls Hkh vf/kd lq[k izkIr gksrk gSA vr%
Hkh"ekfndks viusls Hkh vf/kd lq[k nsusds fy, rqe mudk o/k djksA**
mijksDr dFkudh iqf"Vds fy, gh JhHkxoku~ ^;n`PN;k* bR;kfn dg
jgs gSaA ^;n`PN;k* dk rkRi;Z gSµdeZ;ksx fd, fcuk LoxZdks izkIr djukA
^viko`re~* dk vFkZ gSµvkoj.keqDrAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµvtqZuus xhrk (@) esa tks mfDr dh
Fkh fd gs ek/ko! cU/kq&ckU/koksadh gR;k djusls D;k lq[k izkIr gksxk\
blds mÙkjesa Hkxoku~ vtqZudks le>k jgs gSa fd {kf=;ksads fy, ;q¼
djuk Lo/keZ gS] D;ksafd ;g ;q¼ LoxZdk [kqyk gqvk }kj gSA ;fn
rqe bl ;q¼esa thr tkrs gks] rks rqEgsa egku dh£Ùk vkSj jkT;&lq[k

(!!!" f}rh; v/;k; %'
izkIr gksxkA vFkok] ;q¼esa ekjs tkusij LoxZdh izkfIr Hkh fuf'pr gS]
D;ksafd ;g rqEgkjk U;k; ;q¼ gSA ;gk¡ rd fd vkrrk;h ,oa vU;k;
i{kls ;q¼ djusokys ;ks¼k Hkh ;q¼esa ejusij LoxZ izkIr djrs gSaµ
^vkgos"kq feFkks·U;ksU;a ft?kkalUrks eghf{kr%A
;q¼ekuk% ija 'kDR;k Lox± ;kUR;ijkUeq[kk%AA* (Le`fr)
blfy, U;k; ;q¼ls foeq[k gksuk rqEgkjs fy, fdlh izdkjls mfpr
ugha gSAAAA
vFk psÙofeea /kE;± laxzkea u dfj";flA
rr% Lo/ke± dh£Ùk´p fgRok ikieokIL;flAAAA
vUo;µvFk (nwljh vksj) psr~ (;fn) Roe~ (rqe) bee~ (;g)
/kE;Ze laxzkee~ (/keZ;q¼) u dfj";fl (ugha djksxs) rr% (rks) LoèkeZe~
dh£Ùke~ p (Lo/keZ vkSj dh£Ùk fgRok ([kksdj) ikie~ (ikidks) vokI;fl
(ikvksxs)AAAA
vuqoknµnwljh vksj ;fn rqe ;g /keZ;q¼ ugha djksxs] rks Lo/keZ ,oa
dh£Ùkdks [kksdj ikidk vtZu djksxsAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµfoi{ks nks"kkukgµvFksfr prq£Hk%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµvc ^vFk* bR;kfn pkj 'yksdksads }kjk JhHkxoku~
i{kkUrjds nks"kksadk o.kZu dj jgs gSaAAAA
vdh£Ùk´pkfi Hkwrkfu dFkf;";fUr rs·O;;ke~A
lEHkkforL; pkdh£ÙkeZj.kknfrfjP;rsAAAA
vUo;µHkwrkfu p (lHkh yksx) rs (rqEgkjh) vO;;ke~ vdh£Ùke~
vfi (a'kk'or vdh£Ùk Hkh) dFkf;";fUr (dgsaxs) p (vkSj) lEHkkforL;
(lEekfur) tuL; (O;fDrdk) vdh£Ùk (vi;'k) ej.kkr~ (ejusdh
vis{kk Hkh) vfrfjP;rs (vf/kd gksrk gS)AAAA
vuqoknµlHkh yksx lnSo rqEgkjh v{k; vdh£Ùkdh ppkZ djsaxsA lEekfur
O;fDrds fy, vi;'k rks ejusdh vis{kk Hkh vf/kd d"Vnk;d gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµvO;;keu'ojkeA lEHkkforL;kfrizfrf"BrL;AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;gk¡ ^vO;;e~* dk vFkZ gSµvu'oj vkSj ^lEHkkforL;*
dk vFkZ gSµvR;Ur izfrf"Br O;fDrdkAAAA

& JheÚxoåhrk (!#!$
Hk;kæ.kknqijra eaL;Urs Roka egkjFkk%A

;s"kk´p Roa cgqerks HkwRok ;kL;fl yk?koe~AAAA
vUo;µegkjFkk% (egkjFk yksx) Roke~ (rqEgsa) Hk;kr~ (Hk;ds dkj.k)
j.kkr~ (;q¼ls) mijre~ (Hkkxk gqvk) eaL;Urs (ekusaxs) p (vkSj) Roe~
(rqe) ;s"kke~ (ftuds fudV) cgqer% (cgq lEekfur) HkwRok (gksdj)
ývHkh ;q¼ls fojr gks jgs gksþ rs"kke~ (muds fudV) l% Roe~ (ogh
rqe) yk?koe~ ;kL;fl (rqPNrk izkIr djksxs)AAAA
vuqoknµnq;kZs/kukfn egkjFkh rqEgsa Hk;;qDr gksdj ;q¼ls iyk;u djusokyk
le>saxsA vr% ftuds fudV rqe brus fnuksard cgqlEekfur gq, gks] os
gh rqEgsa rqPN le>saxsAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµ;s"kka Roa cgqerks·LePN=qjtqZuLrq egk'kwj bfr
cgqlEekufo"k;ks HkwRok lEizfr ;q¼knqijes lfr yk?koa ;kL;fl] rs
nq;kZs/kukn;ks egkjFkkLRoka Hk;knso j.kknqijra eaL;Ur bR;Uo;%A {kf=;k.kka
fg Hk;a fouk ;q¼ksijfrgsrqoZU/kqLusgkfndks uksii|r~ bfr eRosfr
Hkko%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµgekjk 'k=q vtZqu egk'kwj (egkijkØeh) gSµ,sls
lEekudk ik= gksdj vc ;fn rqe ;q¼ls foeq[k gksvksxs] rks rqe rqPNrkdks
izkIr djksxsA nq;ksZ/kukfn egkjFkh rqEgsa Hk;ds dkj.k gh ;q¼{ks=ls Hkkxk
gqvk le>saxsA {kf=;ksads fy, fcuk ;q¼ds gh ;q¼ls foeq[k gksuk
cU/kq&ckU/koksads Lusgds dkj.k ugha] vfirq Hk;ds dkj.k gksrk gSµos
,slk gh le>saxsAAAA
vokP;oknka'p cgwu~ ofn";fUr rokfgrk%A
fuUnUrLro lkeF;± rrks nq%[krja uq fde~AAAA
vUo;µro (rqEgkjs) vfgrk% ('k=qyksx) ro lkeF;Ze~ (rqEgkjh
lkeF;Zdh) fuUnr% (fuUnk djrs gq,) cgwu~ (fofo/k) vokP;oknku~ p
(u dgus ;ksX; opuksadks) ofn";fUr (cksysaxs) uq (gs) rr% (mldh
vis{kk) nq%[krje~ (vf/kd nq%[kdk fo"k;) fde~ (D;k gS)AAAA
vuqoknµrqEgkjs 'k=qyksx rqEgkjh lkeF;Zdh fuUnk djrs gq, vusd u
dgus ;ksX; ckrksadks dgsaxsA gs vtqZu! blls vf/kd nq%[kdk fo"k; vkSj D;k
gks ldrk gS\AAAA

(!%!& f}rh; v/;k; &
Jhfo'oukFkµvokP;oknku~] Dyho bR;kfn&dVwfä%AAAA

Hkkokuqoknµ^vokP;oknku~* ls ^Dyho* (uiqald) bR;kfn dVq 'kCnksadk
cks/k gksrk gSAAAA
grks ok izkIL;fl Lox± ftRok ok Hkks{;ls eghe~A
rLeknqfÙk"B dkSUrs; ;q¼k; Ïrfu'p;%AAAA
vUo;µgr% ok (;k rks ekjs tkusij) LoxZe~ izkIL;fl (LoxZ izkIr
djksxs) ftRok ok (;k thrus ij) eghe~ Hkks{;ls (i`Fohdk Hkksx djksxs)
dkSUrs; (gs dqUrhuUnu vtZqu!) rLekr~ (vr%) ;q¼k; (;q¼ds fy,)
d`rfu'p;% (ÏrlÁYi gksdj) mfÙk"B (mBks)AAAA
vuqoknµgs dqUrhuUnu! ;q¼esa ekjs tkusij rqe LoxZ izkIr djksxs ;k
thrusij i`Fohdk Hkksx djksxsA vr% ÏrlÁYi gksdj ;q¼ds fy, [kM+s gks
tkvksAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµuuq ;q¼s ee t; ,o HkkohR;fi ukfLr fu'p;%] rr'p
dFka ;qq¼s izo£ÙkrO;feR;r vkgµgr bfrAAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;fn vtqZuds euesa ;g iz'u gks fd ;q¼esa gekjh thr
gh gksxh] ;g rks fuf'pr ugha gS] vr% eSa ;q¼esa fdl izdkj izo`Ùk
gksÅ¡] rks blds mÙkjesa JhHkxoku~ ^gr* bR;kfn dg jgs gSaAAAA
lq[knq%[ks les ÏRok ykHkkykHkkS t;kt;kSA
rrks ;q¼k; ;qT;Lo uSoa ikieokIL;flAAAA
vUo;µrr% (,slk gksusij) lq[knq%[ks (lq[k&nq%[k) ykHkkykHkkS (ykHk
vkSj gkfu) t;kt;kS p (,oa t; rFkk ijkt;dks) les ÏRok (leku
le>dj) ;q¼k; (;q¼ds fy,) ;qT;Lo (rS;kj gks tkvks) ,oa (bl
izdkj) ikie~ u vokIL;fl (ikidk Hkkxh ugha gksvksxs)AAAA
vuqoknµlq[k&nq%[k] ykHk&gkfu ,oa t;&ijkt;dks leku tkurs gq,
rqe ;q¼ds fy, rRij gksvksA bl izdkj rqEgsa iki ugha yxsxkAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµrLekÙko loZFkk ;q¼eso /keZLrnfi ;nhea ikidkj.kek'kÁls]
r£g eÙk% ikikuqRifÙkizdkja f'kf{kRok ;q¼LosR;kgµlq[knq%[ks les ÏRok
r¼srq ykHkkykHkks jkT;ykHk&jkT;P;qrks vfi] r¼srq t;kt;kofi lekS
ÏRok foosdsu rqY;kS foHkkO;sR;FkZ%A rr'pSoEHkwrlkE;y{k.ks KkuorLro
ikia uSo Hkosr~_ ;}{;rsµ^^fyI;rs u l ikisu iùi=feokEHklk**
bfrAAAA

& JheÚxoåhrk (!'
HkkokuqoknµJhÏ".k dgrs gSaµgs vtqZu! ;q¼ djuk gh rqEgkjk

/keZ gSA ;fn rqEgsa blesa iki gksusdh vk'kadk gS] rks eq>ls ,slh f'k{kk
xzg.k djrs gq, ;q¼ djks ftlls iki ugha gksxkA t; vkSj ijkt;ds
dkj.k Øe'k% jkT;&ykHk vkSj jkT;&gkfu gksxh_ jkT;&ykHk vkSj
jkT;&gkfuds dkj.k Øe'k% lq[k rFkk nq%[k gksaxsA vr% gs vtqZu! foosd
}kjk foospuk djrs gq, bu lcdks leku tkudj rqe ;q¼ djksA bl
izdkj lkE;&y{k.kds fo"k;esa Kkuoku~ gksusls rqEgsa iki ugha yxsxk] ftls
fd cknesa Hkh bl izdkj crk;k x;k gSµ^fyI;rs u l ikisu
iùi=feokEHklk* (xhrk @)A vFkkZr~] ftl izdkj deyi= tyesa
jgus ij Hkh tyls Hkhaxrk ugha gS] mlh izdkj rqEgsa Hkh iki ugha
yxsxkAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµbudk o/k djusls eq>s iki yxsxk (xhrk
@)µvtqZuds bl rdZdks fujk/kkj lkfcr djrs gq, JhHkxoku~
mi;qZDr 'yksddh vorkj.kk dj jgs gSaA JhÏ".k dg jgs gSaµvius
lq[k&nq%[kds fy, vklfDrlfgr ;q¼ djusij ml ;q¼esa Lotu&dqVqfEc;ksadk
o/k djusij iki gksusdh lEHkkouk jgrh gSA eSa rqEgsa ikils NqVdkjk
ikusdk mik; crk jgk gw¡A lq[k&nq%[k] ykHk&gkfu vkSj t;&ijkt;dks
leku le>dj esjs funsZ'kkuqlkj Lo/keZ ikyu djusds fy, ;q¼ djusls
rqEgsa ikidk Li'kZ ugha gksxkA deks±ds Qyesa vklfDr jgusls gh
deZcU/ku ;k iki gksrk gSA vr% deZesa vklfDr NksM+uk vR;Ur
vko';d gSA xhrkesa Hkh n`<+rkds fy, blh fl¼kUrdk izfriknu fd;k
x;k gSµ
^czã.;k/kk; dekZf.k lÂa R;DRok djksfr ;%A
fyI;rs u l ikisu iùi=fHkokEHklkAA*
(xhrk @) AAAA
,"kk rs·fHkfgrk lka[;s cqf¼;ksZxs fRoeka Ük`.kqA
cq¼îk ;qäks ;;k ikFkZ deZcU/ka izgkL;flAAAA
vUo;µikFkZ (gs vtqZu!) lka[;s ( lE;d~ Kkuds fo"k;esa) rs (rqEgsa)
,"kk cqf¼% (;g Kku) vfHkfgrk (dgk x;k) rq (fdUrq) ;ksxs
(HkfDr;ksxeas) beke~ Ük`.kq (bls lquks) ;;k cq¼îk (ftl cqf¼ }kjk)
;qDr% (;qDr gksdj) deZcU/ke~ (lalkjls) izgkL;fl (eqDr gks tkvksx)s AAAA

(!' f}rh; v/;k; &!
vuqoknµgs ikFkZ! vc rd eSaus rqEgsa lka[;;ksxdh ckrsa dgha] fdUrq

vc rqEgsa HkfDr;ksxls lEcfU/kr Kku ns jgk gw¡] ftl cqf¼ (Kku) dks izkIr
djusij rqe lalkjls eqDr gks tkvksxsAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµmifn"Va Kku;ksxeqilagjfrµ,"ksfrA lE;d~ [;k;rs
izdk';rs oLrqrÙoeususfr lka[;a lE;d~Kkue~_ rfLeu~ dj.kh;k cqf¼js"kk
dfFkrkA v/kquk ;ksxs Hkfä;ksxs beka o{;ek.kka cqf¼a dj.kh;ka Ük`.kq%] ;;k
Hkfäfo"kf;.;k cq¼îk ;qä% lfgr% deZcU/ka lalkje~AAAA
HkkokuqoknµHkxoku~ JhÏ".k dgrs gSaµ^^vc rd eSaus ftl
Kku;ksxdk mins'k fn;k] ^,"kk* bR;kfnds }kjk eSa ml Kku;ksxdk milagkj
dj jgk gw¡A ftlds }kjk fdlh oLrqdk rÙo HkyhHkk¡fr izdkf'kr gksrk
gS] mls lka[; ;k lE;d~ Kku dgrs gSaA blds }kjk dj.kh; cqf¼ds
ckjsesa crk;k tk jgk gS] rqe mls Jo.k djksA ^;;k* vFkkZr~ ftl HkfDr
lEcfU/kr cqf¼ls ;qDr gksusij rqe bl lalkjls eqDr gks tkvksxsAA**AA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµ;gk¡ JhÏ".k lka[;;ksxdk milagkj ,oa
cqf¼;ksx vFkkZr~ HkfDr;ksxdk vkjEHk dj jgs gSaA Jhy pØoÙkhZ Bkdqjus
lka[;;ksxdh ifjHkk"kk nsrs gq, dgk gSµ^lE;d~ [;k;rs izdk';rs
oLrqrÙoeususfr lka[;a lE;d~ Kkue~* vFkkZr~ ftlds }kjk oLrq&rÙodk
HkyhHkk¡fr izdk'k gksrk gS] mls lka[;;ksx dgrs gSaA lka[;;ksxesa vkRe&rÙo
vkSj vukRe&rÙodk lE;d~:ils Kku gksrk gSA û Rosokga* (xhrk @)
ls ysdj ^nsgh fuR;e~* (xhrk @) 'yksd rdesa vkRe&rÙods
fofo/k igyqvksadk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS rFkk ^Lo/keZefi pkos{;* (xhrk
@) ls ^lq[knq%[ks* (xhrk @) rd vukRe&rÙodk Lo/keZds :iesa
o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA HkfDr&lEcU/kh cqf¼;ksxesa fu"dke deZdk vuq"Bku
djusls deZcU/ku vFkkZr~ ekf;d lalkj&cU/ku fou"V gks tkrk gSA
bZ'kksifu"knesa Hkh bl fl¼kUrdh iqf"V gksrh gSµ
^bZ'kkokL;fena lo± ;fRd´p txR;ka txr~A
rsu R;Drsu Hkq´thFkk ek x``/k% dL; fLo¼ue~AA
dqoZUusosg dekZf.k ftthfo"ksPNra lek%A
,oa Rof; ukU;Fksrks·fLr u deZ fyI;rs ujsAA*
(bZ- m- &)
vFkkZr~] ;g pjkpj lEiw.kZ fo'o ijes'ojdk O;kI; vFkok HkksX;
gSA nwljs 'kCnksaesa ;g pj&vpj lEiw.kZ txr~ ,dek= ijes'ojds }kjk
gh HkksX; gS ,oa ,dek= ijes'oj gh blds HkksDrk gSaA tho Hkxoku~ds
lsod gSaA ;s tho bu txr~&:i miknkuksals vius izHkq mu ijes'ojdh

&" JheÚxoåhrk ("
lsokesa fu;qDr gksdj muds mfPN"Vdks xzg.kdj vius thoudk fuokZg

djsaxsA HkxoRlEifÙkdks HkksX;:iesa xzg.k djusdh ykylk u j[kdj
izhfriwoZd ml lEifÙkds }kjk izHkqdh lsok gh thoksadk ije dÙkZO; gSA
bl izdkj deZ djusls thoksadk deZcU/ku ugha gksrkAAAA
usgkfHkØeuk'kks·fLr izR;ok;ks u fo|rsA
LoYieI;L; /keZL; =k;rs egrks Hk;kr~AAAA
vUo;µbg (bl HkfDr;ksxesa) vfHkØeuk'k% (iz;Rudk uk'k) u
vfLr (ugha gS) izR;ok;% u fo|rs (nks"k Hkh ugha gS) vL; /keZL;
(bl /keZdk) LoYie~ vfi (FkksM+k Hkh) (ikyu) egr% Hk;kr~ (lalkj:i
egkHk;ls) =k;rs (m¼kj djrk gS)AAAA
vuqoknµbl HkfDr;ksxeas fd;k x;k iz;kl u rks foQy gksrk gS vkSj
u gh blls dksbZ nks"k gksrk gSA bl vuq"Bku (/keZ) dk FkksM+k&lk Hkh ikyu
lalkj:i egku Hk;ls eqDr dj nsrk gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµv= ;ksxks f}fo/k%µJo.kdhÙkZukfnHkfä:i%] JhHkxon£ir&
fu"dkedeZ:i'pA r= ^deZ.;sokf/kdkj%* bR;r% izkXHkfä;ksx ,o
fu:I;rs _ ^^fuL=Sxq.;ks HkoktqZu** bR;qäsHkZDrsjso f=xq.kkrhrRokr~ r;So iq#"kks
fuL=Sx.q ;k HkorhR;sdkn'kLdU/ks izfl¼s%_ Kku deZ.kksLrq lkfÙodRo&jktlRokH;ka
fuL=Sxq.;RokuqiiÙksHkZxon£iry{k.kk HkfäLrq deZ.kks oSQY;kHkkoek=a
izfrikn;fr] u rq LoL; HkfäO;ins'ka izk/kkU;kHkkoknsoA ;fn p Hkxon£ira
dekZfi Hkfäjsosfr era rnk deZ fda L;kr~\ ;Úxonu£ira deZ] rnso
desZfr psék] ßuS"dE;ZeI;P;qrHkko&o£tra u 'kksHkrs Kkueya fuj´tue~A
dqr% iqu% 'k'onHkæeh'ojs u pk£ira deZ ;nI;dkj.ke~ûÞ bfr ukjnksDR;k
rL; oS;F;Zizfriknukr~A rLekn= HkxoPpj.kek/kq;ZizkfIrlk/kuhHkwrk
dsoyJo.kdhÙkZukfny{k.kSoHkfäfu:I;rs] ;Fkk fu"dkedeZ;ksxks·fi
fu:if;rO;%A mHkkoI;srkS cqf¼;ksx&'kCnokP;kS Ks;kSµ^^nnkfe cqf¼;ksxa ra
;su ekeqi;kfUr rSÞ bfr] ^^nwjs.k áoja deZ cqf¼;ksxk¼u´t;%** bfr pksäs%A
vFk fuxq.Z kJo.kdhÙkZukfn&Hkfä;ksxL; ekgkRE;ekgµusgfs rA bg Hkfä;ksx·s fHkØes
vkjEHkek=s Ïrs·I;L; Hkfä;ksxL; uk'kks ukfLr] rr% izR;ok;'p u L;kr~A
;Fkk deZ;ksxs vkjEHka ÏRok dekZuuqf"Bror% deZuk'kizR;ok;kS L;krkfefr
Hkko%A uuq r£g rL; HkDR;uq"Bkrq% dkeL; leqfprHkDR;dj.kkr~
HkfäQya rq uSo L;kr~] r=kgµLoYifefrA vL; /keZL; LoYieI;kjEHkle;s
;k fd´pUek=h HkfäjHkwr~ lkihR;FkZ%] egrks Hk;kr~ lalkjkr~ =k;r ,oA

(" f}rh; v/;k; &#
^^;ékkelÏPNªo.kkr~] iqô'kks·fi foeqP;rs lalkjkr~Þ bR;kfn Jo.kkr~]

vtkfeyknkS rFkk n'kZukPpA ßu áÂksiØes /oalks e¼eZL;ks¼ok.ofiA
e;k O;oflr% lE;³~fuxqZ.kRoknukf'k"k%ûÞ bfr Hkxorks okD;su lg vL;
okD;L;SdkFkZeso n`';rsA fdUrq r= fuxqZ.kRokék fg xq.kkrhra oLrq dnkfpr~
/oLra Hkorhfr gsrq#iU;Lr%] l psgkfi æ"VO;%A u p fu"dkedeZ.kks·fi
HkxoniZ.kefgEuk fuxqZ.kRoesosfr okP;e~] ßeniZ.ka fu"Qya ok lkfÙoda
futdeZ rr~Þ bfrA okD;su rL; lkfÙodRoksäs%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµgs vtqZu! ;ksx (cqf¼;ksx) nks izdkjdk gSµizFke
Jo.kdhÙkZukfn:i HkfDr;ksx vkSj nwljk Hkxoku~dks v£ir fu"dke
deZ;ksxA Jhxhrk (@) esa Hkxoku~ JhÏ".k dgrs gSaµßgs vtqZu!
deZesa gh rqEgkjk vf/kdkj gSAÞ vHkh deZ;ksxls igys HkfDr;ksx fu:fir
gks jgk gSA xhrk (@) esa dgk x;k gSµßgs vtqZu! rqe f=xq.kkrhr
gksvksAÞ bl mfDresa HkfDrdks gh f=xq.kkrhr crk;k x;k gS ,oa HkfDrds
}kjk gh O;fDr rhuksa xq.kksals ijs gks ldrk gSA JheÚkxords ,dkn'k
LdU/kesa Hkh ;g ckr izfl¼ gSA fdUrq] Kku vkSj deZds lkfÙod vkSj
jktfld gksusds dkj.k budk xq.kkrhr gksuk fl¼ ugha gSA fdUrq]
Hkxon£ir y{k.kokyh HkfDr dsoy deZdh foQyrk izfrikfnr djrh
gS] viuh (HkfDrdh) iz/kkurkds vHkkods dkj.k HkfDrdk uke izfrikfnr
ugha djrhA
;fn Hkxoku~ds fy, v£ir deZdks Hkh HkfDr eku fy;k tk;] rks
fQj deZ fdls dgsaxs\ ;fn dgks fd tks deZ Hkxoku~dks v£ir ugha
fd;k tkrk gSµmlhdks deZ dgsaxs] rks ,slk Hkh ugha dgk tk ldrk
gSA D;ksafd] JheÚkxor (@@) esa dgrs gSaµßczã fu"deZ gksrk
gS] mlds lkFk ,dkdkj gksusds dkj.k fu"deZrkds Hkkodks gh ûS"dE;Z*
dgrs gSaA tc Hkxon~HkfDr'kwU; fu"dke vkSj funksZ"k czãKku Hkh
v'kksHkuh; gh gS] rc lk/ku vkSj lk/;µnksuksa gh voLFkkvksaesa nq%[k
nsusokys ldke deZ vkSj fu"dke deZ ;fn Hkxoku~dks le£ir u gkas]
rks Hkyk os fdl izdkj 'kksHkuh; gksaxs\Þ Jhukjn eqfuds mijksDr dFkuds
vuqlkj Hkxor~&vu£ir deZ O;FkZ gh gSaA vr,o ;gk¡ JhHkxoku~ds
pj.kdeyksadh e/kqfjekdks izkIr djusds fy, lk/kuds :iesa dsoy
Jo.k&dhÙkZu y{k.kLo:ik HkfDrdks gh Lohdkj fd;k tk jgk gSA oSls]
Hkxoku~dks v£ir fu"dke deZ;ksx Hkh fopkjds ;ksX; gSA nksuksa gh izdkjds
;ksxksa (HkfDr;ksx vkSj fu"dkedeZ;ksx) dks ^cqf¼;ksx* ds ukels le>uk

&$ JheÚxoåhrk ("
pkfg,A Jhxhrk (@) eas Hkh bldk izek.k gS] tSlsµêSa ml

cqf¼;ksxdks iznku djrk gw¡] ftlds }kjk os eq>s izkIr djrs gSaA** ,oa
ßgs /ku´t;! ldke deZ cqf¼;ksxdh vis{kk vR;Ur gh rqPN gSaA*
(xhrk @)
vc ûsg* bR;kfnds }kjk Jo.k dhÙkZu:i fuxZq.k HkfDrdk ekgkRE;
crk jgs gSaA JhHkxoku~ dgrs gSaµßbl HkfDr;ksxds vkjEHkek= djusls
Hkh bldk uk'k ugha gksrk gS] vr% u"V gksusdk dksbZ nks"k Hkh ugha
gksrk gSA blds foijhr deZ;ksxds vuq"Bkudk vkjEHk djusij ;fn
og vuq"Bku iw.kZ u gks] rks fd, x, deZdk uk'k gks tkrk gS vkSj
nks"k Hkh yxrk gSAÞ ;fn ftKklk gks fd HkfDrds vuq"Bkudks djusdh
bPNk djusij ;fn dksbZ leqfpr HkfDr u dj lds] rks D;k mls
HkfDrdk Qy izkIr ugha gksxk] rks blds mÙkjesa JhÏ".k ^LoYia* bR;kfn
dg jgs gSa vFkkZr~ bl /keZds vkjEHkesa FkksM+h&lh Hkh dh xbZ HkfDr
u"V ugha gksxh vkSj og mls bl lalkjls ikj dj nsxhA vtkfey
vkfnds pfj= blds izek.k gSaA JheÚkxor (@@) esa Hkh dgk
x;k gSµß,d ckj Hkxoku~dk uke Jo.k djusls pk.Mky Hkh egku
Hk;:i lalkjls eqDr gks tkrk gSAÞ vkSj Hkh] ßgs m¼o! pw¡fd esjs
}kjk bl /keZdk fuxZq.kRo ;FkkFkZ:iesa fu.khZr gqvk gS] vr% =qfV
vkfnds }kjk esjs Jo.k dhÙkZu:i 'kq¼k HkfDrds fy, fd, x, bl
fu"dke /keZds vuq"Bkuds va'kek= Hkh u"V gksusdh lEHkkouk ugha
gSAÞ (JheÚk- @@)
Jhxhrk ,oa Hkkxords bu okD;ksadk ,d gh rkRi;Z izrhr gks jgk
gSA fdUrq] Jhen~Hkkxords mijksDr dFkuesa ,d fo'ks"k ckr crkbZ xbZ
gS] og ;g fd fuxZq.k gksusds dkj.k xq.kkrhr oLrqdk dHkh Hkh uk'k
ugha gksrk gSA bl izlaxesa ;gh fopkj.kh; gSA ;fn iz'u gks fd fu"dke
deZ;ksx Hkh Hkxor~&v£ir gksusds dkj.k Hkxon~efgekls fuxZq.k gks ldrk
gS] rks ,slk ugha gSA Jhen~Hkkxoresa bldk izek.k gS] ;FkkµQykdka{kkjfgr
tks fuR;&uSfefÙkd deZ eq>s v£ir fd, tkrs gSa] os lkfÙod gksrs
gS vFkkZr~ os f=xq.kkrhr ugha gksrs gSaA (JheÚk- @@) AAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµ;gk¡ cqf¼;ksxdks nks izdkjdk crk;k x;k
gSµigyk Jo.k&dhÙkZukfn:i HkfDr;ksx ,oa nwljk Hkxon£ir fu"dke
deZ;ksxA buesa ls igyk eq[; HkfDr;ksx gS rFkk nwljk xkS.k HkfDr;ksx
gSA ;FkkFkZesa HkfDr;ksx loZFkk fuxqZ.k gksrk gSA bldk vkjEHkek= djusls

(" f}rh; v/;k; &%
vFkok vkjEHk djusds ckn ;fn fdlh dkj.kls ;g ;ksx v/kwjk Hkh
jg tk; rc Hkh blesa u rks dksbZ =qfV gksrh gS vkSj u gh dksbZ
nks"k gksrk gS] cfYd bldk LoYi vuq"Bku Hkh dÙkkZdks Hk;kud lalkjls
ikjdj JhHkxoku~dh lsok nsdj mls ÏrkFkZ dj nsrk gSA tSls egkjkt
Hkjr ,d fgj.kds izfr vklDr gks x, vkSj ml tUeesa viuh HkfDrdks
iw.kZ u dj ldsA nwljs tUeesa fgj.kdk tUe ikusij Hkh iwoZ tUeds
HkfDr&vuq"Bkuds izHkkols mUgsa 'kq¼ Hkxon~HkDrksadk lax feykA rhljs
tUeesa mÙke Hkkxor cudj mUgksaus fo'kq¼ :iesa Hkxoku~dh lsok dhA
blfy, Hkxoku~us dgk gSµîkFkZ uSosg ukeq= fouk'kLrL; fo|rs* (xhrk
@) vFkkZr~ HkfDr;ksxls Hkz"V O;fDrdk yksd ;k ijyksdesa dgha
Hkh fouk'k ugha gS ,oa mldh dgha nqxZfr Hkh ugha gSA
fdUrq] nwljh vksj Hkxon£ir fu"dke deZ;ksxesa fu"dke deks±dks
Hkxoku~dks v£ir fd, tkus ij Hkh] mls deZ;ksx gh dgrs gSa] HkfDr;ksx
ugha dgrs gSaA mlds }kjk igys fpÙk'kqf¼ gksrh gS vksj vUresa
HkfDr;ksxdh izkfIr gksrh gSA blfy, og deZ;ksx cgqr nwjls HkfDr;ksxdks
y{; djrk gSA vr% ;g deZ;ksx 'kq¼ HkfDr;ksxdh Hkk¡fr fuxqZ.k ugha
gS] cfYd mls lkfÙod deZ dgrs gSaA blds vfrfjDr ml deZdk
mi;qDr :iesa vuq"Bku u gks ;k chpesa gh mls NksM+ fn;k tk;] rks
mlds uk'k gksusdh ,oa nks"k gksusdh lEHkkouk gksrh gSA tSlsµ
êniZ.ka fu"Qya ok lkfRoda futdeZ rr~**
(JheÚk- @@)
;fn dksbZ lk/kd HkfDr;ksxdk vYiek=kesa Hkh vuq"Bku fd;k] fdUrq
vkjEHk ;k chpesa gh viuh vleFkZrk vkfnds dkj.k bldk R;kx dj
fn;k vFkok chpesa gh vpkud e`R;q gks tkusds dkj.k vuq"Bku iw.kZ
u gks ldk] rks HkfDrdk ;g vkjfEHkd dk;Z O;FkZ ugha tkrkA vFkok]
HkfDr;ksxds vuq"Bkuds iw.kZ u gksusij Hkh mls izR;ok; vFkok iki
ugha yxrkA tgk¡ HkfDr;ksx #¼ gks x;k Fkk] vxys tUeesa lk/kd
oghals mls iqu% izkjEHk djrk gSA HkfDr;ksxds vf/k"Bkrk JhÏ".k vFkok
Lo;a HkfDrnsoh gh bldh O;oLFkk djrh gSaA blesa ,d fo'ks"k KkrO;
ckr ;g gS fd J¼kyq gksrs gq, Hkh vufHkKrkds dkj.k dqN =qfV;k¡
gksusij Hkh HkfDr;ksxdh gkfu ugha gksrh vkSj u gh lk/kddks bldk
iki yxrk gS] fdUrq xq#&oS".ko ,oa rnh; oLrqvksads izfr vijk/k
gksusij HkfDr;ksx u"V gks ldrk gSAAAA

&& JheÚxoåhrk ("
O;olk;kfRedk cqf¼jsdsg dq#uUnuA

cgq'kk[kk áuUrk'p cq¼;ks·O;olkf;uke~AAAA
vUo;µdq#uUnu (gs dq#uUnu!) bg (bl HkfDrekxZesa)
O;olk;kfRedk (fu'p;kfRedk) cqf¼% (cqf¼) ,dk (,dfu"Bk gksrh gS)
fg (fdUrq) vO;olkf;uke~ (HkfäcfgeZq[k yksxksadh) cq¼;% (cqf¼;k¡)
vuUrk% cgq'kk[kk% p (vuUr ,oa cgq'kk[kk;qDr gksrh gaS)AAAA
vuqoknµgs dq#uUnu! bl HkfDrekxZesa tks fu'p;kfRedk cqf¼ gS] og
,dfu"Bk gksrh gS] fdUrq HkfäcfgeqZ[k O;fDr;ksadh cqf¼;k¡ vuUr vkSj vusd
'kk[kkvksaokyh gksrh gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµfd´p] lokZH;ks·fi cqf¼H;ks Hkfä;ksxfo"kf;.;so
cqf¼#RÏ"VsR;kgµO;olk;sfrA bg Hkfä;ksxs O;olk;kfRedk cq¼jsdSoA
ee Jhen~xq:ifn"Va HkxoRdhÙkZuLej.kpj.kifjpj.kkfndesrnso ee
lk/kuesrnso eelk/;esrnso ee thokrq% lk/ku&lk/;n'k;ksLR;Drqe'kD;esrnso
es dkE;esrnso es dk;ZesrnU;r~ u es dk;± ukI;fHky"k.kh;a
LoIus·ihR;=lq[keLrq nq%[ka okLrq] lalkjks u';rq] ok u u';rq] r= ee
dkfi u {kfrfjR;soa fu'p;kfRedk cqf¼jdSro&Hkäkoso lEHkosr~]
;nqDree~µßrrks Hktsr eka HkDR;k J¼kyqn`Z<fu'p;%Þ bfrA rrks·U;=
uSo cqf¼jsdsR;kgµcfàfr cgo% 'kk[kk ;klka rk%A rFkk fg deZ;ksxs
dkekukekuUR;kn~ cq¼;ks·uUrk%] rRlk/kukuka deZ.kkekuUR;kr~ rPNk[kk
vI;uUrk%A rFkSo Kku;ksxs izFkeeUr%dj.k'kq¼îFk± fu"dkedeZf.k
cqf¼LrrLrfLeu~ 'kq¼s lfr deZlaU;kls cqf¼%] rnk Kkus cqf¼%]
KkuoSQY;kHkkokFk± HkäkS cqf¼%µ^Kku´p ef; laU;lsr~* bfr Hkxonqäs&
KkZulaU;kls p cqf¼fjfr cq¼;ks·uUrk%A deZKkuHkähukeo';kuq"Bs;Rokr~
rÙkPNk[kk vI;uUrk%AAAA
HkkokuqoknµvU; lHkh izdkjdh cqf¼;ksadh vis{kk og cqf¼ mRÏ"V
gS] ftldk fo"k; HkfDr;ksx gSA blds fy, Hkxoku~ JhÏ".k Ô;olk;*
bR;kfn dg jgs gSaA bl HkfDr;ksxesa O;olk;kfRedk (fu'p;kfRedk)
cqf¼ ,d gh gSA ml cqf+¼ds y{k.kdks fu:fir djrs gq, dgrs gSaµêsjs
xq#nsous JhHkxoku~ds Jo.k] dhÙkZu] Lej.k] pj.k ifjp;kZ vkfndk tks
mins'k fn;k gS] ;gh esjk lk/ku gS] ;gh esjk lk/; gS ,oa ;gh esjk
thou gSA lk/ku vkSj lk/;µnksuksa gh voLFkkvksaesa eSa bls NksM+usesa

(" f}rh; v/;k; &'
vleFkZ gw¡A ;gh esjh dkeuk gS ,oa ;gh esjk dk;Z gSA blds vfrfjDr
LoIuesa Hkh esjh dksbZ nwljh vfHkyk"kk ,oa dk;Z ugha gSA blls eq>s
lq[k gks ;k nq%[k gks] esjk lalkj uk'k gks tk; vFkok ugha gksµmlls
esjh dksbZ gkfu ugha gSA bl izdkjdh fu'p;kfRedk cqf¼ fu"diV 'kq¼
HkfDresa gh lEHko gSA Jhen~Hkkxor (@@) esa dgk x;k gSµ^rrks
Hktsr eka HkDR;k J¼kyqn`Z<+fu'p;%* vFkkZr~ mlds ckn J¼kyq O;fDr
n`<+fu'p;h gksdj HkfDriwoZd esjk Hktu djsaxsA HkfDrds vfrfjDr vU;
dgha Hkh cqf¼ vuU;k ugha gks ldrhµblds fy, JhÏ".k ^cgq* bR;kfn
dg jgs gSaA ftldh vusd 'kk[kk,¡ gksrh gSaµmls cgq'kk[kk dgrs gSaA
deZ;ksxeas vuUr izdkjdh dkeuk,¡ gksusds dkj.k mlesa cqf¼ Hkh vuUr
izdkjdh gksrh gSaA deZ;ksxesa vuUr izdkjds lk/ku gksusds dkj.k mldh
'kk[kk,¡ Hkh vuUr izdkjdh gksrh gSaA blh izdkj Kku;ksxesa loZizFke
vUr%dj.kdh 'kqf¼ds fy, fu"dke&deZesa cqf¼ gksrh gSA vUr%dj.kdh
'kqf¼ gksusds i'pkr~ deZlaU;klesa cqf¼ gksrh gS vkSj deZlaU;klds ckn
Kkuesa cqf¼ gksrh gSA Kkudh foQyrk vkSj vHkkods dkj.k HkfDresa
cqf¼ gksrh gSA Jhen~Hkkxoresa dgk x;k gSµ^Kku´p ef; laU;lsr~* vFkkZr~
Kku Hkh eq>s gh v£ir djsaxsA JhHkxoku~ds mijksDr opukuqlkj Kkuds
laU;klesa Hkh cqf¼ gksrh gSA vr,o cqf¼ vuUr izdkjdh gksrh gSA
deZ] Kku rFkk HkfDr vo'; vuq"Bs; gksusds dkj.k mudh 'kk[kk,¡
Hkh vuUr gSaAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµdeZ] Kku ,oa HkfDrµbu f=fo/k cqf¼;ksxesa
fo'kq¼ HkfDr;ksx fo"kf;.kh cqf¼ gh loksZRÏ"V gSA eq[; HkfDr;ksxdk
y{; oLrq ,dek= cztsUnzuUnu JhÏ".k gSaA blfy, dsoy Hkxor~&
lEcfU/kuh cqf¼ gh ,sdkfUrdh vFkok vuU;k dgykrh gSA ,slh ,sdkfUrdh
HkfDrds vuq"Bkrk lk/kdHkDr Hkksx vkSj eks{kdh vfHkyk"kkls jfgr rFkk
fu"diV gksrs gSaA budh cqf¼ Hkh fu'p;kfRedk gksrh gSA ßos lksprs
gSa fd Hktuesa dksfV&dksfV fo?u mifLFkr gksosa rks gks] izk.k tk, rks
tk,] vijk/kds dkj.k ujdesa Hkh tkuk iMs+ rks dksbZ ckr ugha] dke
vÂhdkj djs tks dqN Hkh gks] ijUrq eSa HkfDrdk R;kx ugha dj ldrkA
;fn Lo;a czãk Hkh vkns'k nsa] rks Hkh Kku vkSj deZdks vÂhdkj ugha
d:¡xkA eSa fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfresa HkfDrdk ifjR;kx ugha dj ldrkA
,slh n`<+rkdk gh uke fu'p;kfRedk cqf¼ gSA**µJhy fo'oukFk pØoÙkhZ
BkdqjA (JheÚk- @@)

' JheÚxoåhrk ("
Hkxoku~esa ,slh ,dfu"Brk ugha jgusij gh yksxksadh deZ;ksx vkSj

Kku;ksx&lEcfU/kuh cqf¼ gksrh gSA ,slh cqf¼ds ykSfdd&ikjykSfdd lq[k]
ykHk&iwtk&izfr"Bk vkfn vusd fo"k; gksusds dkj.k og fofo/k 'kk[kke;h
cqf¼ dgykrh gS ,oa og vuUr dkeukvksals ;qDr gksrh gSA
oS".ko vkpk;ks±ds vuqlkj v};Kku&ijrÙo&oLrq Lo;a Hkxoku~
JhÏ".k gSaA os ;qxir~ (,d&gh&lkFk) lkfÙod&jktfld&rkefld leLr
ekf;d xq.kksals vrhr ,oa ,s'o;Z&ek/kq;Z&n;k&HkDrokRlY;kfn leLr
vizkÏr xq.kksals ;qDr gksusds dkj.k fuxqZ.k dgykrs gSaA fdUrq vokZphu]
rÙoKkughu ,oa ek;kPNkfnr cqf¼okys yksx fu£odkj] fu£o'ks"k]
fuj´tukfn ekudj cãdks fuxqZ.k ekurs gSa ,oa Hkxoku~ds yhykorkjksadks
ek;kPNUu czã le>dj muds HkxoRLo:i ,oa n;kfn xq.kksadks vius
leku gh ekf;d tkurs gSaA os dgrs gSa fd bl lxq.k (ekf;d xq.kksals
;qDr) czãdh mikluk }kjk Øe'k% fpÙkdh 'kqf¼ gksusij ge fuxZq.k
czãds lkFk ,dhHkwr gks tk,¡xsA bu yksxksads }kjk bl izdkjds fl¼kUrdk
izfriknu djuk vkdk'kesa eqDdk ekjusds leku O;FkZ gS] D;ksafd xhrkfn
'kkL=ksaus loZ= gh Hkxoku~ds vizkÏr :i&xq.kksadk o.kZu djrs gq, bl
dqfRlr fopkjdk [k.Mu fd;k gSA vr% leLr vizkÏr xq.kksals ;qDr
fuxqZ.k czãds izfr 'kq¼k HkfDr gh fuxqZ.kk HkfDr gSA
Jh/kjLokehus Hkh JheÚkxor (@@) dh Vhdkesa fuxqZ.kk
HkfDrdks ,d gh izdkjdh vFkkZr~ ,sdkfUrdh crk;k gS rFkk Jhy 'kqdnso
xksLokehus JheÚkxor (@@&) esa ldke HkfDrdks ukuk izdkjdh
tkxfrd vfHkyk"kkvksals ;qDr gksusds dkj.k rkefld vkfn vuUr
'kk[kkvksaokyh crk;k gSAAAA
;kfeeka iqf"irka okpa izonUR;foif'pr%A
osnoknjrk% ikFkZ ukU;nLrhfr okfnu%AAAA
vUo;µikFkZ (gs ikFkZ!) (;s) vfoif'pr% (tks ew[kZ yksx) ;ke~
beke~ iqf"irke~ okpe~ (tks lHkh vkikr euksje ijUrq ifj.kkeesa fo"ke;
e/kqiqf"ir okD; gSa) izonfUr (mls lcdh vis{kk izÏ"V osnokD; dgrs
gSa) ýrsµosþ osnoknjrk% (osnds vFkZoknesa jr) vU;r~ u vfLr (vU;
bZ'oj&rÙo ugha) bfr okfnu% (bl izdkj dgusokys gSa)AAAA
vuqoknµtks ew[kZ yksx osnds vFkZoknesa jr gSa] os osnksaesa o£.kr vkikr
euksje ijUrq ifj.kkeesa fo"ke; vyÁkjh okD;ksadks gh osnokD; dgrs gSaA
os LoxkZfn Qyksads vfrfjDr vU; bZ'oj&rÙodks ugha ekurs gSaAAAA

(" f}rh; v/;k; '
Jhfo'oukFkµrLeknO;olkf;u% ldked£e.kLRofreUnk bR;kgµ

;kfeekfefrA iqf"irka okpa iqf"irka fo"kyrkfeokikrrks je.kh;ke~] izonfUr
izd"ksZ.k loZr% izÏ"Vk b;eso osnokfxfr ;s onfUr] rs"kka r;k okpk
viârpsrlk´p O;olk;kfRedk cqf¼uZ fo/kh;rs bfr r`rh;sukUo;%A rs"kq
rL;k vlEHkokr~ lk rs"kq uksifn';r bR;FkZ%A fdfefr rs rFkk onfUr]
;rks·foif'prks ew[kkZ%A r= gsrq%µosns"kq ;s·FkZoknk%µßv{k;a oS
pkrqekZL;;kftu% lqÏra HkofrÞ] ßvike lkseee`rk vHkwe%Þ bR;k|k%A
vU;nh'ojrÙoa ukLrhfr iztfYiu%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµvr,o vO;olk;h ldke dehZ vfr rqPN gSaA blds
fy, gh dgrs gSaµ^;kfeeke~* bR;kfnA îqf"irka okp%* dk rkRi;Z gSµ
dqlqfer fo"kyrkds leku vkikr je.kh;A îzonfUr* dk vFkZ gSµtks
,sls osnokD;ksadks loZrksHkkosu izÏ"V dgrs gSaA ,sls okD;ksads }kjk ftl
O;fDrdk fpÙk viâr gks pqdk gS] ml O;fDrdh O;olk;kfRedk cqf¼
ugha gksrh gSA rhljs 'yksd (HkksxS'o;Z izlDrkuka) ds lkFk bldk vUo;
gSA mu O;fDr;ksadks O;olk;kfRedk cqf¼dk gksuk lEHko ugha gS] vr%
muds fy, ;g mins'k ugha fn;k tk jgk gSA ;g D;k] os rks blls
Hkh vf/kd dgrs gSa] vr% os ew[kZ gSaA bldk dkj.k gS fd osnesa tks
,slk dgk x;k gS fd ^pkrqekZL; djusokysdks v{k; Qy ykHk gksrk
gS*_ ^lkseikudj ve`rRodks izkIr fd,µbu okD;ksads }kjk os vFkZokn
djrs gSaA blds vfrfjDr os ,slk iztYi Hkh djrs gSa fd bZ'oj ukedk
dksbZ rÙo ugha gSAAAA
osnoknµosndh eq[; izfrik| oLrq ,dek= Lo;a Hkxoku~ JhÏ".k
,oa mudh iszekHkfDr gSA bl ewy rkRi;Zdks u tkudj osnksads cká
vFkZ] tks fd vkikr d.kZjlk;u vkSj e/kqj yxrs gSa] ijUrq ftudk
ifj.kke Hk;kog gS] muesa ijekFkZ&cqf¼ djuk mfpr ugha gSA JhÏ".kus
vkxs bls Li"V fd;k gSµ^=Sxq.; fo"k;k osnk*A JheÚkxoresa Hkh osnoknls
lko/kku jgusdh ckr dh xbZ gSµ
^rLekRdeZlq c£g"eUuKkuknFkZdkf'k"kqA
ekFkZn`f"Va ÏFkk% Jks=Li£'k"oLi`"VoLrq"kqAA*
(JheÚk- @@) AAAA

' JheÚxoåhrk ("!""
dkekReku% LoxZijk% tUedeZQyiznke~A

fØ;kfo'ks"kcgqyka HkksxS'o;Zxfra izfrAAAA
vUo;µ(vr,o) dkekReku% (dkeds }kjk dyqf"kr fpÙkokys)
LoxZijk% (LoxZ pkgusokys) tUedeZQyiznke~ (tUe rFkk deZQy
nsusokyh) HkksxS'o;Zxfre~ izfr (Hkksx ,oa ,s'o;Zdh izkfIrds lk/kuLo:i)
fØ;kfo'ks"kcgqyke~ (fofo/k fØ;kvksadks okpe~ izonfUr (izÏ"V okD;
dgrs gSa)AAAA
vuqoknµvr% dkeds }kjk dyqf"kr fpÙkokys os LoxZizkFkhZ ldke iq#"k
Hkksx ,oa ,s'o;Zdh izkfIrds lk/kuLo:i tUe rFkk deZesa ck¡/kusokyh
fofo/k fØ;kvksadks gh izÏ"V osnokD; dgrs gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµrs dhn`'kha okpa izonfUr\ tUedeZQyiznkf;uha
HkksxS'o;Zxfra izfr ;s fØ;kfo'ks"kkLrku~ cgq ;Fkk L;kr~] rFkk ykfr nnkfr
izfrikn;rhfr rke~AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµos fdl izdkjds okD;ksadks cksyrs gSa\ blds mÙkjesa
dgrs gSaµ^^tUe&deZ:i Qydks nsusokys Hkksx vkSj ,s'o;Zds mik;Lo:i
tks fo'ks"k fØ;klewg gSa] os fØ;klewg ftl izdkjls foLr`r gksa] os mldk
gh izfriknu djrs gSaAA**AA
HkksxS'o;Zizläkuka r;kiârpsrlke~A
O;olk;kfRedk cqf¼% lek/kkS u fo/kh;rsAAAA
vUo;µr;k (mu okD;ksads }kjk) viârpsrlke~ (viâr fpÙkokys)
HkksxS'o;ZizlDrkuke~ (Hkksx vkSj ,s'o;Zesa vklDr O;fDr;ksadh)
O;olk;kfRedk cqf¼% (fu'p;kfRedk cqf¼) lek/kkS (lekf/kesa) u
fo/kh;rs (lekfgr ugha gksrh gS)AAAA
vuqoknµmu e/kqiqf"ir okD;ksads }kjk ftudk fpÙk gj fy;k tkrk gS]
Hkksx rFkk ,s'o;Zesa vklDr oSls O;fDr;ksadh lekf/kesa vFkkZr~ Hkxoku~esa
fu'p;kfRedk cqf¼ ugha gksrh gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµrr'p HkksxS'o;Z;ks% izläkuka r;k iqf"ir;k
okpkiârekÏ"Va psrks ;s"kka rs] rFkk rs"kka lekf/kf'pÙkSdkxzîa
ijes'ojSdksUeq[kRoa rfLeu~ fu'p;kfRedk cqf¼uZ foèkh;rsµßdeZdÙkZfj
iz;ksxks uksii|rsÞ bfr Lokfepj.kk%AAAA

("# f}rh; v/;k; '!
Hkkokuqoknµmlds ckn iqf"ir okD;ksads }kjk viâr ;k vkÏ"V

fpÙkokys O;fDr Hkksx vkSj ,s'o;Zesa vklDr gks tkrs gSaA mu O;fDr;ksadh
lekf/k ;k fpÙkdh ,dkxzrk vFkkZr~ ,dek= ijes'ojds izfr mUeq[k gksusdh
fu'p;kfRedk cqf¼ ugha gksrh gSA ;gk¡ Jh/kjLokfeiknds erkuqlkj
^fo/kh;rs* indk ^deZdÙk`ZokP;* esa iz;ksx lqUnj ugha gSAAAA
=Sxq.;fo"k;k osnk fuóSxq.;ks HkoktZquA
fu}ZU}ks fuR;lÙoLFkks fu;ksZx{kse vkReoku~AAAA
vUo;µvtqZu% (gs vtqZu!) osnk% (lHkh osn) =Sxq.;fo"k;k%
(f=xq.kkRed gSa) ýRoe~ rqµfdUrq rqeþ fuL=Sxq.;% (rhuksa xq.kksals vrhr)
fu}ZU}% (xq.ke; eku&viekuls jfgr) fuR;lÙoLFk% ('kq¼ lÙoesa
vofLFkr) fu;ksZx{kse% (;ksx&{ksels jfgr) vkReoku~ (esjs }kjk iznÙk
cqf¼ls ;qDr) Hko (gksvks)AAAA
vuqoknµgs vtqZu! rqe osnkssaesa o£.kr rhuksa xq.kksadk ifjR;kxdj fuxqZ.k
(f=xq.kkrhr) rÙoesa izfrf"Br gksvksA rqe leLr }U}ksa (eku&viekukfn)
ls jfgr gksdj ;ksx&{ksedh fpUrk u djrs gq, esjs }kjk iznÙk cqf¼;ksxds
}kjk 'kq¼lÙoesa izfrf"Br gks tkvksAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµRoa rq prqoZxZlk/kusH;% losZH;ks fojT; dsoya
Hkfä;ksxesokJ;LosR;kgµ=Sxq.;sfrA =Sxq.;kfL=xq.kkfRedk% deZKkuk|k%
izdk';Rosu fo"k;k ;s"kka rs =Sxq.;fo"k;k osnk%µLokFksZ ";´k~] ,rPp ßHkwEuk
O;ins'kk HkofUr** bfr U;k;suksäe~A fdUrq ßHkfäjsoSua u;frÞ bfr] ß;L;
nsos ijk Hkfä;ZFkk nsos rFkk xqjkSÞ bR;kfn&Jqr;% iapjk=kfnLe`r;'p]
xhrksifu"kn~&xksikyrkiU;k|qifu"kn'p fuxqZ.kka Hkfäefi fo"k;hdqoZUR;so]
osnksäRokHkkos Hkäsjizkek.;eso L;kr~A rr'p osnksäk ;s f=xq.ke;k
KkudeZfo/k;LrsH; ,o fuxZrks Hkoµrku~ u dq#A ;s rq osnksäk Hkfä&
fo/k;LrkaLrq loZFkSokuqfr"BA rnuq"Bkus ßJqfrLe`friqjk.kkfni´pjk=fof/ka
foukA ,sdkfUrdh gjsHkZfä#Rikrk;So dYI;rsûÞ bfr nks"kks nqokZj ,oA
rsu lxq.kkuka xqukrhrkukefi osnkuka fo"k;kL=Sxq.;k fuL=Sxq.;k'pA r=
Roa rq fuL=Sxq.;ks HkoA fuxqZ.k;k eÚDR;So f=xq.kkRedsH;LrsH;ks fu"ØkUrks
Hko] rr ,o fu}ZU}ks xq.ke;&ekukiekukfnjfgr%A vr,o fuR;S% lÙoS%
izkf.kfHkeZÚäSjso lg fr"Brhfr rFkk l%A fuR;a lÙoxq.kLFkks Hkosfr
O;k[;k;ka fuL=Sxq.;ks Hkosfr O;k[;k;ka fojks/k% L;kr~A vyC/kykHkks ;ksx%]

'" JheÚxoåhrk ("#
yC/kL; j{k.ka {kseLrnzfgr%A eÚfäjlkLokno'kknso r;ksjuuqlU/kkukr~]

^;ksx{ksea ogkE;ge~* bfr HkäoRlysu e;So rÚkjogukr~A vkReoku~
eíÙkcqf¼;qä%A v= fuL=Sxq.;&=Sxq.;;ks£oospue~] ;nqäesdkn'ksµßeniZ.ka
fu"Qya ok lkfÙoda futdeZ rr~A jktla QylÁYia fgalkizk;kfn
rkele~ûÞ fu"Qya osfr uSfefÙkda futdeZQykdkÀîkjfgrfeR;FkZ%A
ßdSoY;a lkfÙoda Kkua jtks oSdfYid´p ;r~A izkÏra rkela Kkua efék"Ba
fuxqZ.ka Le`re~AA ouUrq lkfÙodks oklks xzkeks jktl mP;rsA rkela |wrlnua
efékdsrUrq fuxqZ.ke~û lkfÙod% dkjdks·lÂh jkxkU/kks jktl% Le`r%A rkel%
Le`frfoHkz"Vks fuxqZ.kks enikJ;%û lkfÙoD;k/;kfRedh J¼k deZJ¼k rq
jktlhA rkeL;/kesZ ;k J¼k eRlsok;kUrq fuxqZ.kkû iF;a iwreuk;Lrekgk;±
lkfÙoda Le`re~A jktla psfUæ;&izs"Ba rkela pk£Ùknk'kqfpûÞ ßp&dkjkUer~
fuosfnrUrq fuxqZ.ke~Þ bfr JhLokfepj.kkuka O;k[;kue~A ßlkfÙoda
lq[kekReksRFka fo"k;ksRFkUrq jktle~A rkela eksg&nSU;ksRFka fuxqZ.ka
enikJ;e~ûÞ bR;Ursu xzUFksu =Sxq.;oLrwU;fi izn';Z fuxqZ.kL; lE;³~
fuL=Sxq.;rkfl¼îFk± fuxqZ.k;So Hkäîk LofLeu~ dFkf´pr~ fLFkrL; =Sxq.;L;
futZ;ks·I;qäLrnuUrjeso] ;FkkµßæO;a ns'kLrFkk dkyks Kkua deZ p
dkjd%A J¼koLFkkÏfr£u"Bk =Sxq.;% loZ ,o fgû losZ xq.ke;k Hkkok%
iq#"kkO;äf/kf"Brk%A n`"Va Jqreuq/;kra cq¼îk ok iq#"k"kZHkû ,rk% lal`r;%
iqalks xq.kdeZfucU/kuk%A ;suses fu£trk% lkSE; xq.kk thosu fpÙktk%A
Hkfä;ksxsu efék"Bks eÚkok; izi|rsûÞ bfrA rLekÚäîSo fuxqZ.k;k
=Sxq.;t;ks ukU;FkkA v=kI;xzs ^^dFka pSrkaL=hu~ xq.kkufroÙkZrs** bfr iz'us
o{;rsµßek´p ;ks·O;fHkpkjs.k Hkfä;ksxsu lsorsA l xq.kku~ lerhR;Srku~
czãHkw;k; dYirsûÞ bfrA JhLokfepj.kkuka O;k[;k pµßpµdkjks·=koèkkj.kkFkZ%]
ekeso ijes'ojeO;fHkpkjs.k Hkfä;ksxsu ;% lsorsÞ bR;s"kkAAAA
HkkokuqoknµfdUrq] rqe lHkh prqoZxZ&lk/ku (/keZ] vFkZ] dke vkSj
eks{k) ls fojDr gksdj ek= HkfDr;ksxdk vkJ; djksA blds fy, gh
JhHkxoku~ ^=Sxq.;* bR;kfn dg jgs gSaA rhu xq.kksaokys deZ&Kkukfndk
izdk'k djuk gh osnksadk fo"k; gSA LokFkZesa ^";´k~* izR;;ls =Sxq.; 'kCn
fu"iUu gqvk gSA ^HkwEuk O;ins'kk HkofUr* bl U;k;kuqlkj buds
(deZ&Kkukfnds) ckgqY; gksusds dkj.k gh osnksadks ,slk dgk x;kA fdUrq]

("# f}rh; v/;k; '#
HkfDr gh thodks Hkxoku~ds fudV ys tkrh gSµ;g ekBj Jqfrdk opu

gSA 'osrk'oj mifu"kn~esa dgk x;k gSµ^^ftudh Hkxoku~ds izfr ijkHkfDr
gS vkSj tSlh HkfDr Hkxoku~esa gS] oSlh gh HkfDr xq#nsods izfr Hkh
gSAÞ i´pjk=kfn Le`fr;k¡] xhrksifu"kn~] xksikyrkiuh mifu"kn~µbu lHkhdk
fo"k; fuxqZ.kk HkfDr gh gSA ;fn ;g dgk tk; fd osnesa HkfDrds
lEcU/kesa ugha dgk x;k gS] rCk rks HkfDr vizkekf.kd gks tk,xhA osnksä
f=xq.ke; Kku&dekZfndh fof/k;ksals fuxZr gksvks] mUgsa er djks] fdUrq
HkfDrds fy, osnksaesa tks fof/k;k¡ gS] mUgsa lnk gh djksA czã;keyesa
dgk x;k gSµ^^Jqfr] Le`fr] iqjk.kkfnesa o£.kr i´pjk= fof/kdk mYya?kudj
tks ,sdkfUrdh gfjHkfDrdk vfHku; fd;k tkrk gS] mldk vUr mRikr
gh gSA** ;g nks"k nqokZj gSA vr,o lxq.k vkSj xq.kkrhr osnksads fo"k;lewg
=Sxq.; vkSj fuL=Sxq.; gSaA fdUrq] rqe bu nksuksaesa ls fuL=Sxq.; gh gksvksA
esjh fuxqZ.kk HkfDrds izHkkols rqe bu rhuksa xq.kksals nwj gks tkvksA ,slk
gksusij gh rqe fu}ZU} vFkkZr~ eku&viekuls jfgr gks ikvksxsA vr,o
fuR;lÙoLo:i esjs HkDrksads lkFk gh jgksA ;gk¡ ^fuR;&lÙoxq.kesa fLFkr
gksvks* dh O;k[;kesa vkSj ^fuL=Sxq.; gksvks* dh O;k[;kesa fojksèk gksxkA
tks oLrq ugha izkIr gS] mls izkIr djusdks ^;ksx* dgrs gSa ,oa izkIr
oLrqdh j{kk djusdks ^{kse* dgrs gSaA ^fu;ksZx {kse* ds }kjk JhHkxoku~
vtqZudks ;ksx ,oa {ksels jfgr gksusds fy, dg jgs gSaµesjs HkfDrjlds
vkLoknuds o'khHkwr gksusij ;ksx vkSj {kseµnksuksads vuqlU/kkudh
vko';drk ugha gSA Jhxhrk (@) esa dgk x;k gSµßeSa ;ksx vkSj
{ksedks ogu djrk gw¡A** mijksDr dFkuds }kjk JhHkxoku~ viuh
HkDroRlyrkdk ifjp; nsrs gq, dgrs gSa fd eSa ml Hkkjdks ogu
djrk gw¡] blfy, blds iz;Rudh vko';drk ugha gSA ^vkReoku~* dk
rkRi;Z gSµesjs }kjk iznÙk cqf¼okyk gksvksA
vc fuL=Sxq.; vkSj =Sxq.;dh foospuk gks jgh gSA Jhen~Hkkxoressa
dgk x;k gSµ
êniZ.ka fu"Qya ok lkfÙoda futdeZ rr~A
jktla QylÁYia fgalkizk;kfn rkele~AA*
(JheÚk- @@)

'$ JheÚxoåhrk ("#
vFkkZr~] Hkxon£ir fu"dke deZdks lkfÙod tkuuk pkfg,A Qyds

lÁYils ;qDr deZdks jktfld tkuuk pkfg, vkSj fgalkfnls ;qDr deZdks
rkefld tkuuk pkfg,A mijksDr 'yksd (JheÚk- @@)
esa ^fu"Qya ok* dk rkRi;Z Qykdka{kk jfgr uSfefÙkd deZls gSA
^dSoY;a lkfÙoda Kkua jtks oSdfYid´p ;r~A
izkÏra rkela Kkua efék"Ba fuxqZ.ka Le`re~AA
ouUrq lkfÙodks oklks xzkeks jktl mP;rsA
rkela |wrlnua efékdsrUrq fuxqZ.ke~û
lkfÙod% dkjdks·lÂh jkxkU/kks jktl% Le`r%A
rkel% Le`frfoHkz"Vks fuxqZ.kks enikJ;%û
lkfÙoD;k/;kfRedh J¼k deZJ¼k rq jktlhA
rkeL;/kesZ ;k J¼k eRlsok;kUrq fuxqZ.kkû
iF;a iwreuk;Lrekgk;± lkfÙoda Le`re~A
jktla psfUæ;izs"Ba rkela pk£Ùknk'kqfpû*
(JheÚk- @@&)
^dSoY;* vFkkZr~ nsgkfnls ijs tks vkRefo"k;d Kku gS] og lkfÙod
gS] nsgls lEcfU/kr Kku jktfld gS] izkÏr Kku rkefld gS vkSj esjs
fo"k;ls lEcfU/kr Kku fuxqZ.k gSA ouesa okl djuk lkfÙod gS] xk¡oesa
okl djuk jktfld gS] tqvk?kjesa okl djuk rkefld gS ,oa tgk¡eSa
jgrk gw¡ vFkkZr~ JhefUnjeas okl djuk fuxqZ.k gSA tks dÙkkZ vuklDr
gS] og lkfÙod gS] tks dÙkkZ vklfDr (jkx) ds dkj.k vU/kk gS]
og jktfld gS] ftl dÙkkZdh Le`fr Hkz"V gks xbZ gS] og rkefld
gS ,oa tks dÙkkZ esjs vkfJr gS] og fuxqZ.k gSA vkRefo"kf;.kh J¼k
lkfÙodh gksrh gS] deZfo"kf;.kh J¼k jktlh gksrh gS] v/keZfo"kf;.kh
J¼k rkelh gksrh gS ,oa ftl J¼kdk fo"k; esjh lsok gS] og fuxqZ.kk
gSA fgrdj] ifo= vkSj vuk;kl izkIr vkgkj lkfÙod gksrk gS] bfUnz;ksadks
lq[k nsusokyk dVq] vEykfn vkgkj jktfld gksrk gS] nq%[knk;h vkSj
vifo= Hkkstu rkefld gksrk gS vkSj esjs fy, fuosfnr oLrq fuxqZ.kk
gksrh gSA Jh/kjLokehds vuqlkj vfUre 'yksd (JheÚk- @@)
ds ^p* dkjds }kjk JhHkxoku~ dgrs gSa fd esjs fy, fuosfnr oLrq
fuxqZ.kk gksrh gSA

("# f}rh; v/;k; '%
^lkfÙoda lq[kekReksRFka fo"k;ksRFka rq jktle~A

rkela eksgnSU;ksRFka fuxq Z . ka enikJ;e~AA*
(JheÚk- @@)
vFkkZr~] vkRekds }kjk izkIr lq[k lkfÙod gksrk gS] fo"k;ls izkIr
lq[k jktfld gksrk gS] eksg ,oa nSU;ls izkIr lq[k rkefld gksrk gS
vkSj eq>ls lEcfU/kr lq[k fuxqZ.k gksrk gSA
bl vfUre 'yksd (JheÚk- @@) ds }kjk f=xq.kkfRedk
oLrqvksads ckjsesa crkusds ckn fuxqZ.kk oLrqds fuL=Sxq.;&Hkkodh HkyhHkk¡fr
flf¼ds fy, vkxs Hkh crk;k x;k gS fd fuxqZ.kk HkfDrds }kjk gh
viusesa fLFkr =Sxq.;ij fot; izkIr djuh iMs+xhA ;Fkkµ
^æO;a ns'kLrFkk dkyks Kkua deZ p dkjd%A
J¼koLFkkÏfr£u"Bk =Sxq.;% loZ ,o fgû
losZ xq.ke;k Hkkok% iq#"kkO;äf/kf"Brk%A
n`"Va Jqreuq/;kra cq¼îk ok iq#"k"kZHkû
,rk% lal`r;% iqalks xq.kdeZfucU/kuk%A
;suses fu£trk% lkSE; xq.kk thosu fpÙktk%A
Hkfä;ksxsu efék"Bks eÚkok; izi|rsû*
(JheÚk- @@&)
vFkkZr~] nzO;] ns'k] Qy] dky] Kku] deZ] dÙkkZ] J¼k] voLFkk]
vkÏfr] fu"Bk vkfn ftrus Hkh Hkko gSa] ;s lHkh f=xq.kkRed gSaA gs
iq#"k Js"B! n`"V] Jqr ;k fpfUrr] tks Hkh Hkko iq#"k vkSj izÏfrds
chp fLFkr gSa] os lHkh xq.ke; gSaA gs lkSE;! iq#"kds ;s lHkh lalkjHkko
f=xq.kkRed deZls mRiék gksrs gSaA vr% tks tho fpÙkesa mRiUu xq.klewgdks
thr pqds gSa] os gh HkfDr;ksxds }kjk esjs izfr fu"Bk;qDr gksdj eks{k
izkIr djusesa leFkZ gSaA vr,o fuxqZ.kk HkfDrds }kjk gh rhuksa xq.kksadks
thrk tk ldrk gS] fdlh vU; izdkjls ughaA xhrk (@) ds
iz'uµ^dFka psrkaL=hu xq.kkufroÙkZrs* vFkkZr~ fdl izdkj bu rhuksa xq.kksadks
thrk tk ldrk gSµbldk mÙkj xhrk esa gh vkxs crk;k tk,xkµ
êk´p ;ks·O;fHkpkjs.k HkfDr;ksxsu lsorsA
l xq.kku~ lerhR;Srku~ czãHkw;k; dYirsAA*
(xhrk @)

'& JheÚxoåhrk ("#
vFkkZr~] tks O;fDr ,sdkfUrd HkfDr;ksxds }kjk esjh gh lsok djrs

gSa] os rhuksa xq.kksadk vfrØe.kdj czãkuqHkwfrds ;ksX; gksrs gSaA bl 'yksd
(xhrk @) dh Vhdkesa Jh/kjLokeh dgrs gSaµ^p* dkj vo/kkj.kkFkZ
gS vFkkZr~ tks vO;fHkpkj HkfDr;ksxls eq> ijes'ojdh lsok djrs gSa]
os lHkh xq.kksaij fot; izkIr djrs gSaAAAA
prqoZxZµ/keZ] vFkZ] dke vkSj eks{k prqoZxZ gSaA HkfDr i´pe iq#"kkFkZ
gSA osnkfn 'kkL=ksaesa deZ] Kku vkSj HkfDrds thoksads fy, lk/ku:iesa
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lhax lksusls ,oa [kqj pk¡nhls e<+s gq, FksA lksusds vyÁkjksals lqlfTtr
oL= muds ihBij 'kksHkk ik jgs FksA egkjkt tudus mu ½f"k;ksadh
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fd vki yksxksaesa ls tks czãosÙkk gSa] os bu xk;ksadks xzg.k djsaAÞ lHkklnksaesa
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pyksA** ,slk lqudj eg£"k;ksaus mudk izfrokn fd;k vkSj dgkµ^^D;k
vki czãosÙkk gSa\** eg£"k ;kKoYD;us mÙkj fn;kµ^^czãosÙkkds pj.kksaesa
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izdkjds iz'u fd, vkSj mu iz'uksadk ;Fkksfpr mÙkj eg£"k ;kKoYD;us
fn;kA lcds vUresa egkfonq"kh xkxhZus cM+h uezrkiwoZd iwNkµ^^Ïi.k
dkSu gS rFkk czkã.k dkSu gS\** blhds mÙkjesa eg£"k ;kKoYD;us dgkµ^^;ks
ok ,rn{kja xkX;ZfofnRokLekYyksdkr~ izSfr l Ïi.k%* (o`- m- @@)
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vFkkZr~ xq.kls iSnk gq, fo"k;ksadks gh tks ijekFkZ oLrq ekurs gSa] os Ïi.k
gS a A ^Ïi.kks ;ks·ftrsfUnz;%* vFkkZr~ vftrsfUnz; O;fDr gh Ïi.k gSaAAAA

$ JheÚxoåhrk (##
cqf¼;qäks tgkrhg mHks lqÏrnq"ÏrsA

rLekn~ ;ksxk; ;qT;Lo ;ksx% deZlq dkS'kye~AAAA
vUo;µcqf¼;qDr% (fu"dke deZ;ksxls ;qDr O;fDr) bg (bl
tUeesa) mHks lqÏr&nq"Ïrs (lqÏr vkSj nq"Ïr nksuksadk gh) tgkfr (R;kx
djrs gSa) rLekr~ (vr%) ;ksxk; (lecqf¼ls ;qDr gksdj fu"dke
deZ;ksxds fy,) ;qT;Lo (ps"Vk djks) deZlq (ldke vkSj fu"dke
deZesa ls) ;ksx% (leHkko;qDr fu"dke deZ gh) dkS'kye~ (dkS'ky
gS)AAAA
vuqoknµcqf¼;ksxls ;qDr O;fDr bl tUeesa gh lqÏr vkSj
nq"Ïrµnksuksadk ifjR;kx djrs gSaA vr% rqe fu"dke deZ;ksxds fy, ps"Vk
djksA leHkkods lkFk cqf¼;ksxds vkJ;esa deZ djuk gh deZ;ksxdk dkS'ky
gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµ;ksxk; mäy{k.kk;A ;qT;Lo ?kVLo] ;r% deZlq
ldke&fu"dkes"kq e/;s ;ksx ,oksnklhuRosu deZdj.kesoA dkS'kya
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deZ;ksxds fy, ps"Vk djks_ D;ksafd ldke vkSj fu"dke deZesa ls mnklhu
(fu"dke) gksdj deZ djuk gh ;ksx gS ,oa ;gh fuiq.krk gSAAAA
deZta cqf¼;qäk fg Qya R;DRok euhf"k.k%A
tUecU/kfofueqZäk% ina xPNUR;uke;e~AAAA
vUo;µfg (D;ksafd) cqf¼;qDrk% euhf"ku% (cqf¼;ksx;qDr euhf"kx.k)
deZte~ Qye~ (deZls mRiék Qydks) R;DRok (R;kxdj)
tUecU/kfofueqZDrk% (tUe&cU/kuls eqDr gksdj) vuke;e~ (Dys'kjfgr)
ine~ (oSdq.B) xPNfUr (xeu djrs gSa)AAAA
vuqoknµcqf¼;ksxls ;qDr if.Mrx.k deZtfur Qydks R;kxdj
tUecU/kuls eqDr gks tkrs gSa vkSj vuke; indks izkIr djrs gSaAAAA
;nk rs eksgdfyya cqf¼O;Zfrrfj";frA
rnk xUrkfl fuoZsna JksrO;L; JqrL; pAAAA
vUo;µ;nk (tc) rs (rqEgkjh) cqf¼% (cqf¼) eksgdfyye~ (eksg:i
l?ku oudks) O;frrfj";fr (fcYdqy ikj dj tk,xh) rnk (rc) JksrO;

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(lquus ;ksX;) JqrL; p (vkSj lqus gq, fo"k;ksads izfr) fuosZne~ (oSjkX;)
xUrkfl (izkIr gksxk)AAAA
vuqoknµtc rqEgkjh cqf¼ eksg:i l?ku oudks ikj dj tk,xh] rc
rqe lquus ;ksX; vkSj lqus gq, fo"k;ksads izfr oSjkX; izkIr djksxsAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµ,oa ijes'ojk£ir&fu"dkedekZH;klkr~ ro ;ksxks
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fuosZna izkIL;flA vlEHkkouk&foijhrHkkou;ksuZ"VRokr~ fda es
'kkL=ksins'kokD;Jo.ksu\ lkEizra es lk/kus"oso izfr{k.keH;kl% loZFkksfpr
bfr eaL;l bfr Hkko%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµbl izdkj ijes'ojds izfr v£ir fu"dke deZdk vH;kl
djusls rqEgkjk ;ksx gksxkA blds fy, gh JhHkxoku~ ^;nk* bR;kfn dg
jgs gSaA tc rqEgkjk vUr%dj.k eksg:i xgudks fo'ks"k:ils ikj tk,xk]
rc rqEgsa lquus ;ksX; vFkZlewg ,oa lqus gq, vFkZlewgls oSjkX; izkIr
gks tk,xkA ;fn iz'u gks fd vlEHkkouk vkSj foijhr Hkkouk u"V
gksusij 'kkL=ds mins'kksadks lquusls esjk D;k iz;kstu gS] rks blds mÙkjesa
dgrs gSaµvHkh esjs }kjk dfFkr lk/kulewgdk izfr{k.k vH;kl gh loZFkk
mfpr gSAAAA
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gksrh gSA ;gh lalkjdk ewy dkj.k gSA tc rd ;g lalkjklfDr jgrh
gS] rc rd thodks u rks rÙoKku gksrk gS vkSj u gh lalkjls fojfDr
gksrh gSA lalkjls vuklDr gksuk gh fuosZn gSA fuosZn lgt gh ugha
gksrkA ijes'ojds izfr v£ir fu"dke deZds }kjk Øe'k% nsgkRecqf¼
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vuq"Bkuksadk ifjR;kxdj yksx ,sdkfUrd Hktueas izo`Ùk gksrs gSaA Jqfr;ksaesa
Hkh ;gh mins'k ik;s tkrs gSaµ
îjh{; yksdku~ deZfprku~ czkã.kks fuosZnek;kr~*
(eq- m- @@)
vFkkZr~ deZds }kjk mik£tr ,sfgd vkSj ikjf=d lq[kksadks vfuR;
vkSj nq%[kizn tkudj rÙoosÙkk czkã.k fuosZn izkIr gksrs gSaA

& JheÚxoåhrk (#!#"
izÍkn egkjktus Hkh ,slk gh dgk gSµ

^vk|UroUr m#xk; fonfUr fg Rokesoa foe`'; lqf/k;ks fojefUr
'kCnkr~* (JheÚk- @@)
vFkkZr~] gs m#Øe! foosdh iq#"k lHkh oLrqvksadks vkfn&vUrfof'k"V
tkudj osnk/;;ukfn dk;ks±ls fojr gksdj ,dek= Hkxoku~dk Hktu djrs
gSaAAAA
Jqfrfoizfriékk rs ;nk LFkkL;fr fu'pykA
lek/kkopyk cqf¼Lrnk ;ksxeokIL;flAAAA
vUo;µ;nk (tc) rs (rqEgkjh) cqf¼% (cqf¼) JqfrfoizfriUuk (ukuk
izdkjds ykSfdd vkSj oSfnd vFkks±ds Jo.kls fojDr) (,oa) fu'pyk
(vuklDr gksdj) lek/kkS (ijes'ojesa) vpyk (vpy) LFkkL;fr (fLFkr
gks tk,xh) rnk (rc) ;ksxe~ (;ksxdk Qy) vokIL;fl (izkIr
djksxs)AAAA
vuqoknµtc rqEgkjh cqf¼ ukuk izdkjds ykSfdd vkSj oSfnd vFkks±dks
lquusls fojDr gks tk,xh ,oa vU; vklfDrls jfgr gksdj ijes'ojesa fLFkj
gks tk,xh] rc rqe ;ksxQy ykHk djksxsAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµrr'p Jqfr"kq ukuk&ykSfdd oSfndkFkZJo.ks"kq foizfriékk
vlEerk fojäsfr ;kor~A r= gsrq%µfu'pyk rs"kq rs"oFkZs"kq pfyrqa
foeq[khHkwrsR;FkZ%A fdUrq lek/kkS "k"Bs·/;k;s o{;ek.k&y{k.ks·pyk
LFkS;Zorh] rnk ;ksxeijks{kkuqHkoizkIR;k] thoUeqä bR;FkZ%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµmlds ckn rqe ukuk ykSfdd vkSj oSfnd vFkks±ds Jo.kls
fojDr gks tkvksxsA mlds dkj.k rqe fu'py gks tkvksxs vFkkZr~ mu
mu vFkks±ds }kjk pkfyr ugha gksvksxsA "k"B v/;k;esa Hkh o£.kr lekfèkdk
y{k.k ^vpyk* vFkkZr~ ^LFkS;Zorh* crk;k x;k gSA rc ;ksxds }kjk
vijks{kkuqHko izkIr gksusij thouls eqfDr ikvkssxsAAAA
vtZqu mokpµ
fLFkrizKL; dk Hkk"kk lekf/kLFkL; ds'koA
fLFkr/kh% fda izHkk"ksr fdeklhr oztsr fde~AAAA
vUo;µvtqZu% mokp (vtqqZuus dgk) ds'ko (gs ds'ko!)
lekf/kLFkL; (lekf/kesa fLFkr) fLFkrizKL; (fLFkj cqf¼okys O;fDrdk)

(#" f}rh; v/;k; '
dk (D;k) Hkk"kk (y{k.k gS) fLFkr/kh% (fLFkj cqf¼okys O;fDr) fde~

izHkk"ksr (fdl izdkj cksyrs gSa) fde~ vklhr (fdl izdkj cSBrs gSa)
fde~ oztsr (fdl izdkj pyrs gSa)AAAA
vuqoknµvtqZuus dgkµgs ds'ko! lekf/kesa fLFkr fLFkj cqf¼okys
O;fDrds D;k y{k.k gSa\ os fdl izdkj cksyrs gSa] fdl izdkj cSBrs gSa
,oa fdl izdkj pyrs gSa\AAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµlek/kkopyk cqf¼fjfr JqRok rÙorks ;ksfxuks y{k.ka
i`PNfrµfLFkrizKL;sfr] fLFkrk fLFkjk·pyk izKk cqf¼;ZL;sfrA dk
Hkk"kk\µHkk";rs·u;sfr Hkk"kk y{k.ka fda y{k.kfeR;FkZ%A dhn`'kL;
lekf/kLFkL;sfr lek/kkS LFkkL;rhfrA vL;kFkZ%µ,o´p fLFkrizK bfr
lekf/kLFk bfr thoUeqäL; laKk};e~A fda izHkk"ksrsfr lq[knq%[k;ksekZukieku;ks%
LrqfrfuUn;ks% Lusg}s"k;ksokZ leqifLFkr;ks% fda izHkk"ksr\ Li"Va Loxra ok
fda onsfnR;FkZ%A fdeklhr\µrfnfUæ;k.kka ckáfo"k;s"kq pyukHkko%
dhn`'k%\ oztsr fda\µrs"kq pyua ok dhn`'kfefrAAAA
HkkokuqoknµiwoZ 'yksdesa vtqZuus lqukµ^lek/kkopyk* vFkkZr~
lekf/kesa vpyk cqf¼A bls Jo.k djusds i'pkr~ vtqZu rÙor% ;ksxhds
y{k.kksads ckjsesa ftKklk dj jgs gSaA tks fLFkrizK gksrs gSa vFkkZr~ ftudh
izKk (cqf¼) vpyk ;k fLFkjk gksrh gS] os dSls cksyrs gSa] mudh Hkk"kkdk
D;k y{k.k gS\ ^lekf/kLFk* iq#"k fdl izdkj lekf/kesa jgrs gSa\ ^fLFkrizK*
vkSj ^lekf/kLFk*µ;s nksuksa laKk,¡ eqDr thoksads fy, iz;qDr gqbZ gSaA lq[k
;k nq%[k] eku ;k vieku] Lrqfr ;k fuUnk] Lusg ;k }s"k bR;kfnds
mifLFkr gksusij os D;k cksyrs gSa\ os Li"V cksyrs gSa ;k vius fy,
gh cqncqnkrs gSa\ os fdl izdkj cSBrs gSa\ bfUnz;ksads cká fo"k;ksaesa fdl
izdkj dk;Z djrs gSa\ os fdl izdkj pyrs gSa vFkkZr~ cká fo"k;ksaesa
mudh bfUnz;ksadk pyuk dSlk gksrk gS\AAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµbl 'yksdls vkjEHkdj vtqZuus Hkxoku~
JhÏ".kls iz/kkur% lksyg iz'u fd, gSa] ftuds mÙkjesa JhÏ".kus deZ]
deZ;ksx] Kku] Kku;ksx] /;ku] riL;k] deZfeJk HkfDr] KkufeJk HkfDr]
'kq¼kHkfDrds xw<+ jgL;ksadks izdkf'kr djrs gq, xhrkds vBkjgosa
v/;k; rd loZxqáre iszekHkfDrdk funsZ'k fd;k gS rFkk bl HkfDresa

JheÚxoåhrk (##
izos'k ikusds fy, mlds }kjLo:i viuh 'kj.kkxfrdk mins'k fn;k

gSA ;s lksyg iz'u fuEufyf[kr gaSµ
() ^fLFkrizKL; dk Hkk"kk* (xhrk @)
() ^T;k;lh psr~ deZ.kLrs* (xhrk @)
() ^vFk dsu iz;qDrks·;a* (xhrk @)
() ^vija Hkorks tUe* (xhrk @)
() ^laU;kla deZ.kka Ï".k* (xhrk @)
() ^;ks·;a ;ksxLRo;k* (xhrk @)
() ^v;fr% J¼;ksisrks* (xhrk @)
() ^fdUrn~czã fde/;kRea* (xhrk @)
() ôDrqegZL;'ks"ks.k* (xhrk @)
() ^,oesrn~ ;FkkRFk* (xhrk @)
() ^vk[;kfg es dks Hkokuqxz:iks* (xhrk @)
() ^rs"kka ds ;ksxfoÙkek%* (xhrk @)
() îzÏfra iq#"k´pSo* (xhrk @)
() ^dS£yÂSL=hu~ xq.kku~* (xhrk @)
() ^rs"kka fu"Bk rq dk Ï".k* (xhrk @)
() ^laU;klL; egkckgks* (xhrk @) AAAA
JhHkxokuqokpµ
iztgkfr ;nk dkeku~ lokZu~ ikFkZ euksxrku~A
vkReU;sokReuk rq"V% fLFkrizKLrnksP;rsAAAA
vUo;µJhHkxoku~ mokp (JhHkxoku~us dgk) ikFkZ (gs ikFkZ!) ;nk
(tc) lokZu~ euksxrku~ dkeku~ (eudh lHkh dkeukvksadks) iztkgfr
(R;kxdj) vkRefu ,o (fuxzg gqvk eu gh) vkReuk (vkuUnLo:i
vkRekds }kjk) rq"V% (rq"V gksrk gS) rnk (rc) ýl%µosþ fLFkrizK%
(fLFkrizK) mP;rs (dgykrs gSa)AAAA
vuqoknµJhHkxoku~us dgkµgs ikFkZ! tc os eudh leLr dkeukvksadk
ifjR;kx dj nsrs gSa vkSj fuxzg fd, gq, euesa gh vkuUnLo:i vkRekds
}kjk rq"V gksrs gSa] rc os fLFkrizK dgykrs gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµprq.kk± iz'ukuka Øes.kksÙkjekgµiztgkrhfr ;kon/;k;&
lekfIr%A lokZfufr dfLeékI;FkZs ;L; fdf´pUek=ks·fi ukfHkyk"k bR;FkZ%A

(#$ f}rh; v/;k;
euksxrkfufr dkekukeukRe&/keZRosu ifjR;kxs ;ksX;rk n£'krkA ;fn rs

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rFkk p Jqfr%µß;nk loZs izeqP;Urs dkek ;s·L; âfn fLFkrk%A vFk
eÙ;ksZ·e`rks HkoR;= czã le'uqrsû** bfrAAAA
Hkkokuqoknµvc JhHkxoku~ îztgkfr* ls vkjEHkdj v/;k;ds vUr
rd Øe'k% pkjksa iz'uksadk mÙkj ns jgs gSaA ^lokZu~* dk rkRi;Z gSµftls
fdlh Hkh izdkjdh fdf´pr~ek= Hkh vfHkyk"kk ugha gSA êuksxrku~* 'kCnls
vukRe/keZds dkj.kLo:i dkeukvksads ifjR;kx djusdh ;ksX;rk izn£'kr
gksrh gSA ;fn os vkRe/keZ gksrs rks vfXudh m".krkdh Hkk¡fr mudk
Hkh ifjR;kx djuk vlEHko gksrkA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd fux`ghr
eu vkuUnLo:i vkRekdks izkIrdj vkRekds }kjk gh lUrq"V gksrk
gSA Jqfresa Hkh dgk x;k gSµ^;nk loZs izeqP;Urs dkek ;s·L; âfn fLFkrk%A
vFk eR;ksZ·e``rks HkoR;= czã le'uqrsAA* vFkkZr~ ftl le; blds ân;esa
fLFkr lHkh dkeuk,¡ nwj gks tkrh gSa] ml le; eR;Z Hkh ve`r gks
tkrk gS vkSj czã ykHk djrk gSA (d- m- @)AAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµbl 'yksdds lkFk ^vkReU;so p lUrq"V%*
(xhrk @) dk Hkh vuq'khyu djuk pkfg,A HkDr izoj izÍkn egkjktus
Hkh JheÚkxor (@@) eas ,slk gh dgk gSµ
^foeq´pfr ;nk dkeku~ ekuoks eufl fLFkrku~A
rásZo iq.Mjhdk{k HkxoÙok; dYirsAA*
vFkkZr~] gs iq.Mjhdk{k! euq"; tc vius ân;fLFkr dkeukvksadk
ifjR;kx dj nsrk gS] rc og vkids leku gh ,s'o;Z izkIr djusesa
leFkZ gksrk gSAAAA
nq%[ks"ouqf}Xueuk% lq[ks"kq foxrLi`g%A
ohrjkxHk;Øks/k% fLFkr/kheqZfu#P;rsAAAA
vUo;µnq%[ks"kq (vk/;kfRed] vkf/knSfod ,oa vkf/kHkkSfrdµrhuksa
rkiksads mifLFkr gksusij) vuqf}Xueuk% (ftudk eu m}sxjfgr jgrk
gS) lq[ks"kq (lq[kds mifLFkr gksusij) foxrLi`g% (Li`gkghu jgrk gS)
ohrjkxHk;Øks/k% (jkx] Hk;] Øks/kls jfgr) eqfu% (,sls eqfu)
fLFkr/kh% (fLFkrizK) mP;rs (dgykrs gSa)AAAA

JheÚxoåhrk (#$
vuqoknµtks vk/;kfRedkfn rhuksa rkiksads mifLFkr gksusij mf}Xu ugha

gksrs gSa] lq[k izkIr djusij lq[kesa Li`gkghu jgrs gSa_ jkx] Hk; rFkk
Øks/kls jfgr ,sls eqfu fLFkrizK dgykrs gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµfda izHkk"ksrsR;L; mÙkjekgµnq%[ksf"ofr }îkH;ke~ nq%[ks"kq
{kqfRiiklkToj&f'kjksjksxkfn"ok/;kfReds"kq liZO;k?kzk|qfRFkrs"okf/kHkkSfrds"ofr&
okro`"Vîk|qfRFkrs"okf/knSfods"kq mifLFkrs"ouqf}Xueuk% izkjC/ka nq%[kfena
e;ko';a HkksäO;fefr Loxra dsufpr~ i`"V% lu~ Li"V´p czqou~] u
nq%[ks"kwf}tr bR;FkZ%A rL; rkn`'keq[kfofØ;kHkko ,okuq}sxfyÂa lqf/k;k
xE;e~] Ïf=ekuq}sxfyÂokaLrq diVh&lqf/k;k ifjfprks Hkz"V ,oksP;r bfr
Hkko%A ,oa lq[ks"oI;qifLFkrs"kq foxrLi`g bfr izkjC/kfeneo';HkksX;fefr
Loxra Li"V´p czqok.kL; rL; lq[kLi`gk&jkfgR;fyÂa lqf/k;k xE;esosfr
Hkko%A rÙkfYyÂeso Li"VhÏR; n'kZ;frµohrks foxrks jkxks·uqjkx% lq[ks"kq]
ohra Hk;a LoHkksä`H;ks O;k?kzkfnH;% ohr% Øks/k% LogUr`"kq cU/kqtus"kq ;L;
l%A ;FkSokfn&HkjrL; nsO;k% ik'o± izkfirL; LoPNsnfpdh"kksZo`Z"kyjktkék
Hk;e~] ukfi r= Øks/kks·HkwfnfrAAAA
HkkokuqoknµfLFkrizK iq#"k D;k cksyrs gSa\ bl iz'uds mÙkjesa
JhHkxoku~ ^nq%[ks"kq* bR;kfn nks 'yksdksadh vorkj.kk dj jgs gSaA
^nq%[ks"kq*µHkw[k&I;kl&Toj&fljnnZ vkfn vk/;kfRed nq%[k gSa] liZ&ck?k
bR;kfn izkf.k;ksals mRiék nq%[k vkf/kHkkSfrd nq%[k gSa ,oa vfro`f"V vkfnls
mRiUu nq%[k vkf/knSfod nq%[k gSaA ^vuqf}Xueuk%* mls dgrs gSa] tks
bu nq%[kksads mifLFkr gksusij ,slk lksprs gSa fd izkjC/kls izkIr nq%[kksadk
eq>s Hkksx djuk gh gS ,oa ,slk tkudj ;k rks Lo;als dqN dgrs
gSa vFkok nwljsds }kjk iwNs tkusij Li"V:ils cksyrs gSa] ijUrq nq%[kls
mÙksftr ugha gksrs gSaA nq%[kds mifLFkr gksusij Hkh eq[kij fdlh Hkh
izdkjdh foÏfr u gksusij foKx.k ,slk y{; djrs gSa fd bls fdlh
Hkh izdkj m}sx ugha gSA fdUrq] ;fn dksbZ diVh O;fDr Ïf=e :ils
vuq}sxdk y{k.k izdV djrk gS] rks foKx.k bls le> tkrs gSa vkSj
mls Hkz"V dgrs gSaA blh izdkj lq[kds mifLFkr gksusij tks Li`gk'kwU;
jgrs gSa vFkkZr~ ;g izkjC/k Hkksx gSµ,slk tkudj os ;k rks Loxr (vius
vkils) ;k Li"V cksyrs gSa] foK O;fDr mls Hkh le> ysrs gSaA mu
y{k.kksadks Li"V djrs gq, dgrs gSaµôhrjkx* vFkkZr~ os lq[kksads izfr

(#$ f}rh; v/;k; !
vuqjkx'kwU; gksrs gSaA ôhrHk;* vFkkZr~ viusdks [kkusokys ck?k vkfnls

Hkh Hk;jfgr gksrs gSaA ôhrØks/k* viusdks ekjusokys O;fDrij Hkh
Øks/k ugha djrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZµftl izdkj vkfn Hkjr (tM+Hkjr)
dks nsohds ikl ys tkdj ekjusokys jktk o`"kyls Hkjr egkjktdks Hk;
ugha gqvk vkSj u gh mlij Øks/k vk;kAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµvk/;kfRed] vkf/kHkkSfrd vkSj
vkf/knSfodµbu f=fo/k nq%[kksads mifLFkr gksusij Hkh ftudk fpÙk mf}Xu
ugha gksrk rFkk lq[kdh Li`gkls jfgr vFkkZr~ lq[kds izkIr gksusij Hkh
mYykl ugha gksrk] oSls O;fDrdks fLFkrizK dgrs gSaA û izâ";sr~ fiz;a
izkI; uksf}tsr~ izkI; pkfiz;e~* (xhrk @) vFkkZr~ tks O;fDr fiz;
oLrqdks ikdj vkÍkfnr ugha gksrs] os fLFkrizK gSaA bldk mnkgj.k
JheÚkxoressa Hkjr egkjktdk pfj= gSµ
egkjkt Hkjr loZLo R;kxdj fdlh ouesa futZu izkUresa Hkxor~&
vkjk/kuk dj jgs FksA thouds vUr le;esa ,d fgj.k&f'k'kqds izfr
mudh vklfDr gqbZ] blhfy, vfUre eu%fLFkfrds dkj.k mUgsa fgj.kdk
tUe feykA fdUrq] iwoZ Le`fr jgusds dkj.k bl tUeesa vius lxs&
lEcfU/k;ksals nwj jgdj ½f"k&vkJeesa gfjdFkkds Jo.kkfnesa gh viuk
thou fcrk;kA vius iwoZ thoudh Hkxor~&vkjk/kkuds Qyls iqu% fdlh
/keZizk.k czkã.kds ?kjesa tUe fy;kA bl ckj firk }kjk cgqr ps"Vk
fd, tkusij Hkh os osnk/;;ukfn fo"k;ksals loZFkk nwj jgdj ikxy gksusdk
Hkze izn£'krdj vkUrfjd:ils Hkxor~&Lej.k djrs FksA viuh foekrk]
lkSrsys HkkbZ;ksa rFkk Lotudh dwVksfDr;ksa ,oa nqO;Zogkjksadks lgdj Hkh
Hkxor~&miklukesa eÙk jgrs FksA fdlh le; pksjksadk ljnkj o`"kyjkt
iq=&dkeukds gsrq lqy{k.k;qDr ujdh cfy vius b"Vnsoh Hknzdkyhdks
nsuk pkgrk FkkA mldk igysls idM+k x;k ;K&i'kq fdlh izdkj viuk
cU/ku [kksydj Hkkx x;kA o`"kyjktds ml ;K i'kqds vuqlU/kkuesa
?kwers&?kwers egkHkkxor tM+Hkjrthdks [ksrdh j[kokyh djrs gq, ns[kk
vkSj cM+s izlUu gksdj bUgsa lqy{k.k;qDr tkudj ujcfydh fof/kds
vuqlkj f[kyk;k&fiyk;k] jksyh] iq"i vkSj pUnuls ltk;k vkSj cfy
nsusds fy, nsohds lkeus mifLFkr fd;kA bls ns[k] lqu vkSj le>dj
Hkh ije Hkkxor tM+Hkjr u rks Hk;Hkhr gq,] u gh Øq¼ gq,] cfYd

" JheÚxoåhrk (#%
Hkxor~&Lej.k djrs gq, lEiw.kZ:ils fuf'pUr [kM+s jgsA T;ksagh nL;qvksaus

budk flj Nsnu djuk pkgk] R;ksagh nsoh fodjky:ils vêkgkl djrh
gqbZ izdV gqb± vkSj muds gkFkksals [kM~x Nhudj o`"kyjkt ,oa muds
leLr vuqpjksadk flj dkVdj mudk jDriku djus yxha rFkk muds
eLrdksadks xsan cukdj ØhM+k djrs gq, u`R; djus yxhaA vUresa mUgksaus
egkHkkxor Hkjr egkjktdks izhfrlfgr fonkbZ nhA vkt Hkh ;s Hknzdkyh
dq#{ks=esa fo|eku gSaA
Jh'kqdnso xksLokeh JheÚkxoreas tM+Hkjrds bl pfj=dk o.kZu djrs
gq, ijhf{kr egkjktls dg jgs gSaµgs fo".kqjkr! ftUgksaus nsgkRecqf¼:i
nq'PNs| ânxzfUFkdk lEiw.kZ:ils Nsnu dj fn;k gS] ftu yksxksadk ân;
leLr izkf.k;ksads dY;k.kdh fpUrkesa fueXu jgrk gS] tks fdlhdk vidkj
ugha djrs vFkok fdlhds izfr 'k=qrkdk Hkko ugha j[krs] dkyds Hkh
dkyLo:i lqn'kZu pØ/kkjh HkDrj{k.k&dk;Zesa lnk eÙk Hkxoku~ fo".kq
ftudh lc izdkjls j{kk djrs gSa] ftUgksaus Hkxoku~ds vHk;
Jhpj.kdeyksadk vkJ; xzg.k fd;k gS] os ijeHkkxor ijegal viuk
flj&Nsnudky mifLFkr gksusij Hkh mf}Xu ugha gksrsA blesa dksbZ
vk'p;Zdh ckr ugha gSAAAA
;% loZ=kufHkLusgLrÙkr~ izkI; 'kqHkk'kqHke~A
ukfHkuUnfr u }sf"V rL; izKk izfrf"BrkAAAA
vUo;µ;% (tks) loZ= (iq=&fe=kfnesa) vufHkLusg% (Lusgjfgr) rr~
rr~ (ml ml) 'kqHkk'kqHke~ (vuqdwy vkSj izfrdwydks) izkI; (ikdj)
u vfHkuUnfr (u izlUu gksrs gSa) u }sf"V (u }s"k djrs gSa) rL;
(mudh) izKk (cqf¼) izfrf"Brk (fLFkj gS)AAAA
vuqoknµtks O;fDr loZ= Lusgjfgr gksrs gaS vkSj vuqdwydh izkfIrls
u rks izlUu gksrs gSa vkSj u gh izfrdwyds izkIr gkusij mlls }s"k djrs
gaS] mudh cqf¼ fLFkj gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµvufHkLusg% lksikf/kLusg'kwU;% n;kyqRokfék#ikf/kjh"kUek=LusgLrq
fr"BsnsoA rÙkRizfl¼a lEeku&HkkstukfnH;% Loifjpj.ka 'kqHka izkI;k'kqHkeuknj.ka
eqf"Vizgkjkfnd´p izkI; Øes.k ukfHkuUnfr] u iz'kalfrµRoa /kk£ed%
ijegal&lsoh lq[kh Hkosfr u czwrs] u }sf"VµRoa ikikRek ujds irsfr

(#& f}rh; v/;k; #
ukfHk'kifr] rL; izKk izfrf"Brkµlekf/ka izfr fLFkrk] lqfLFkrizKk mP;r

bR;FkZ%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;gk¡ ^vfHkLusg%* dk rkRi;Z gSµ tks mikf/k;qDr Lusgls
jfgr gSa] fdUrq n;kyq gksusds dkj.k ,sls O;fDresa Hkh FkksM+k
fu#ikf/kd Lusg vo'; gh jgrk gSA tgk¡&rgk¡ lEeku&Hkksstukfn 'kqHk
(vuqdwy) oLrqvksadh izkfIr gksusij os u rks mldk vfHkuUnu djrs
gSa vkSj u gh bl izdkjdh iz'kalk djrs gSa fd rqe /kekZRek gks] ijegaldh
lsok djusokys gks] rqe lq[kh gksvksA iqu% vuknj] fiVkbZ bR;kfn v'kqHk
(izfrdwy) oLrqvksadh izkfIr gksusij Hkh oss u rks mlls }s"k djrs gSa
vkSj u gh bl izdkjdk vfHk'kki nsrs gSa fd rqe ikih gks] rqe ujdesa
ifrr gksvksA ,sls O;fDrdh izKk izfrf"Br gksrh gS vFkkZr~ lekf/kesa
fLFkr gksrh gSA bls gh lqfLFkr&izKk dgrs gSaAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµLusg nks izdkjdk gksrk gSµ () nsgls
lEcfU/kr vFkkZr~ lksikf/kd Lusg vkSj () Hkxon~lEcU/kh vFkkZr~
fu#ikf/kd LusgA nsgkRecqf¼okys lk/kkj.k yksxksaesa lksikf/kd Lusg ns[kk
tk ldrk gSA fLFkrizK O;fDr nsgkRecqf¼ls jfgr gksusds dkj.k
lksikf/kd Lusgls jfgr gksrs gSa] fdUrq izkf.kek=ds dY;k.kdh Hkkouk
j[kusds dkj.k os fu#ikf/kd Lusg;qDr gksrs gSaA fdUrq] muds bl Lusgdk
ifjp; ;nk&dnk fdlh fo'ks"k le;esa ik;k tkrk gS] vU;Fkk muds
ân;esa ,sls Lusgdh /kkjk loZnk izokfgr gksrh jgrh gS] tks lk/kkj.k
yksxksads fy, nqyZ{; gksrh gSAAAA
;nk lagjrs pk;a dweksZ·Âkuho loZ'k%A
bfUæ;k.khfUæ;kFkZsH;LrL; izKk izfrf"BrkAAAA
vUo;µ;nk p (tc) v;e~ (;s eqfu) dqeksZ·Âkuho (dNq,ds
vÂksads ln`'k) bfUnz;kf.k (viuh bfUnz;ksadks) loZ'k% (loZrksHkkosu)
bfUnz;kFksZH;% (bfUnz;xzká fo"k;ksals) lagjrs ([khap ysrs gSa) ýrnkµrcþ
rL; izKk izfrf"Brk (mldh izKk izfrf"Br gS)AAAA
vuqoknµdNqvk ftl izdkj vius vÂksadks bPNkuqlkj vius dopds
vUnj dj ysrk gS] mlh izdkj tc ;s eqfu Hkh viuh bfUnz;ksadks bfUnz;xzká
fo"k;ksals [khap ysrs gSa] rc os fLFkrizK dgykrs gSaAAAA

$ JheÚxoåhrk (#'
Jhfo'oukFkµfdeklhrsR;L;ksÙkjekgµ;nsfrA bfUæ;kFkZsH;% 'kCnkfnH;%

bfUæ;kf.k Jks=knhfu lagjrsA Lok/khukukfefUæ;k.kka ckáfo"k;s"kq pyua
fuf"k/;kUrjso fu'pyr;k LFkkiua fLFkrizKL;klufeR;FkZ%A r=
n`"VkUr%µdweksZ·Âkfu eq[kus=knhfu ;Fkk LokUrjso LosPN;k LFkki;frAAAA
HkkokuqoknµvtqZuds iz'u ^fdeklhr* vFkkZr~ fdl izdkj cSBrs
gSaµblds mÙkjesa JhÏ".k ^;nk* bR;kfn dg jgs gSaA ^bfUnz;kFksZH;%*µftl
izdkj 'kCnkfn fo"k;ksals dku bR;kfn bfUnz;k¡ viusdks vyx dj ysrh
gSaA Lok/khu bfUnz;ksadks cká fo"k;lewgls fuxzgdj fu'py:iesa vius
vUr%dj.kesa LFkkfirdj ysuk gh fLFkrizK O;fDrdk vklu gSA blds
fy, dNq,dk n`"VkUr nsrs gq, dgrs gSa fd ftl izdkj dNqvk vius
vk¡[k&eq[k bR;kfndks LosPNkiwoZd vius dopds vUnj dj ysrk gS]
fLFkrizK O;fDr Hkh mlh izdkj viuh bfUnz;ksadks [khap ysrs gSaAAAA
fo"k;k fofuoÙkZUrs fujkgkjL; nsfgu%A
jlot± jlks·I;L; ija n`"V~ok fuoÙkZrsAAAA
vUo;µfujkgkjL; (bfUnz;ksads }kjk fo"k;ksadks u xzg.k djusokys)
nsfgu% (nsgkfHkekuh vK O;fDrds) fo"k;k% (fo"k;lewg) fofuoÙkZUrs
(fuo`Ùk gks tkrs gSa) (fdUrq) jlotZe~ (fo"k;dk jkx ugha tkrk) ije~
(ijekRekdk) n`"V~ok (n'kZudj) vL; (fLFkrizK O;fDrdk) jl% vfi
(fo"k;dk jkx Hkh) fuoÙkZrs (fuo`Ùk gks tkrk gS)AAAA
vuqoknµbfUnz;ksads }kjk fo"k;ksadks ugha xzg.k djusokys nsgkfHkekuh
O;fDrds fo"k;lewg rks fuo`Ùk gks tkrs gSa] ijUrq fo"k;ksads izfr mldk tks
jkx gS] og fuo`Ùk ugha gksrk gSA nwljh vksj ijekRekds n'kZuls fLFkrizK
O;fDrdk fo"k;ksads izfr tks jkx gS] mldh Hkh fuo`fÙk gks tkrh gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµuuq ew<+L;kI;qioklrks jksxkfnµo'kk}sfUæ;k.kka fo"k;s"opyua
lEHkosÙk=kgµfo"k;k bfrA jlot± jlks jkxks·fHkyk"kLrq otZf;Rok]
vfHkyk"kLrq fo"k;s"kq u fuoÙkZr bR;FkZ%A vL; fLFkrizKL; rq ija ijekRekua
n`"V~ok fo"k;s"ofHkyk"kks fuoÙkZr bfr u y{k.kO;fHkpkj%A vkRelk{kkRdkjleFkZL;
rq lk/kdRoeso] u rq fl¼Rofefr Hkko%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ;fn iz'u gks fd ew<+ yksxksads bfUnz;ksadk Hkh mioklls
;k jksxkfnls vfrØkUr gksusls fo"k;ksads izfr fuo`fÙk lEHko gS] rks blds

($ f}rh; v/;k; %
mÙkjesa JhHkxoku~ ^fo"k;k* bR;kfn dg jgs gSaA ^jlot±* dk rkRi;Z gSµjl

;k jkx vFkkZr~ fo"k;ksadh vfHkyk"kkdh fuo`fÙk ugha gksrh gSA fdUrq]
fLFkrizKdh fo"k;&vfHkyk"kk ijekRekds n'kZuls fuo`Ùk gks tkrh gSA ;gk¡
y{k.kdk O;fHkpkj ugha gSA tks vkRelk{kkRdkjesa leFkZ gSa] os lk/kd
gh gSa] fl¼ ughaAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµgB;ksx] miokl vFkok jksxkfnds dkj.k
fo"k;ksadk Hkksx u djusij Hkh fo"k;&Hkksxdh ykylk ân;esa fo|eku
jgrh gSA Hkxor~&HkfDrds fcuk bl ykylkdks nwj djuk vlEHko gSA
^^fujkgkjds }kjk nsgkfHkekuh thoksadk fo"k;&fuo`fÙkdk tks mik; ns[kk
tkrk gS] og vR;Ur gh ew<+ yksxksads fy, gSA v"VkÂ;ksxesa ;e] fu;e]
vklu] izk.kk;ke vkSj izR;kgkjds }kjk fo"k;&fuo`fÙkdh O;oLFkk nh xbZ
gSµog ,sls gh ew<+ yksxksads fy, gSA fdUrq fLFkrizK O;fDr;ksads fy,
;g fof/k LohÏr ugha gSA fLFkrizK iq#"k ijerÙods lkSUn;Zdk n'kZudj
mlesa vkÏ"V gks tkrs gSa vkSj os lkekU; tM+h; fo"k;&jkxdk R;kx
dj nsrs gSaA vfrew<+ yksxksads fy, bfUnz;xzká fo"k;ksals bfUnz;ksadks nwj
j[k bfUnz;ksadks fujkgkj }kjk la;fer djusdh O;oLFkk jgusij Hkh
jkxekxZds vfrfjDr thoksadk fuR;eÂy ugha gksrk gSA mRÏ"V fo"k;
izkIr gksrs gh jkx LoHkkor% fuÏ"V fo"k;dk ifjR;kx dj nsrk
gSA**µJhHkfDrfouksn BkdqjAAAA
;rrks áfi dkSUrs; iq#"kL; foif'pr%A
bfUæ;kf.k izekFkhfu gjfUr izlHka eu%AAAA
vUo;µdkSUrs; (gs vtqZu!) fg (D;ksafd) izekFkhfu bfUnz;kf.k (eFku
dj nsusokyh ;s bfUnz;k¡) izlHke~ (cyiwoZd) ;rr% (eks{kds fy,
;Ru'khy) foif'pr% iq#"kL; vfi (foosdh iq#"kdk Hkh) eu% (eu)
gjfUr (gj ysrh gSa)AAAA
vuqoknµgs vtqZu! D;ksafd {kksHk mRiUu dj nsusokyh ;s bfUnz;k¡ eks{kds
fy, ;Ru'khy foosdh iq#"kdk Hkh eu cyiwoZd gj ysrh gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµlk/kdkoLFkk;kUrq ;Ru ,o egku~] u fRofUæ;kf.k
ijkoÙkZf;rqa loZFkk 'kfäfjR;kgµ;rr bfrA izekFkhfu izeFku'khykfu
{kksHkdjk.khR;FkZ%AAAA

& JheÚxoåhrk ($
Hkkokuqoknµlk/kdkoLFkkesa ;Ru djuk gh cM+h ckr gS] fdUrq bl

voLFkkesa bfUnz;ksadk iw.kZ fuxzg djuk lk/kddh 'kfDrls ijs gSA blds
fy, gh ;gk¡ ^;rr%* bR;kfn dgk tk jgk gSA ;gk¡ îzekFkhfu* dk vFkZ
gSµizeFku'khy vFkkZr~ {kksHk mRiUu djusokyhAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµlk/kddk bfUnz;ksadks la;e djusds fy, fo'ks"k
lko/kkuhiwoZd ;Ru djuk dÙkZO; gSA fcuk bfUnz;la;eds fLFkrizK
ugha gqvk tk ldrk] fdUrq vR;Ur p´py vkSj {kksHkdkjh bfUnz;ksadks
lEiw.kZ:ils la;e dj ysuk ok;qdks o'khHkwr djusdh Hkk¡fr nq%lk/; gSA
ijUrq JhpSrU; egkizHkqds f'k{kkuqlkj leLr bfUnz;ksadks Hkxor~&lsokesa
fu;qDr djusij og nq%lk/; dk;Z Hkh vR;Ur lgt gks tkrk gSA
bfUnz;ksadks fdl izdkj la;ferdj JhHkxoku~dh lsokesa fu;qDr fd;k
tk ldrk gS] JheÚkxoresa egkjkt vEcjh"kds nSufUnu pfj=ls ;g
lh[kk tk ldrk gS¡µ
^l oS eu% Ï".k inkjfoUn;ksoZpkafl oSdq.Bxq.kkuqo.kZusA
djkS gjseZfUnjektZukfn"kq Jqfra pdkjkP;qrlRdFkksn;sAA
eqdqUnfyÂky;n'kZus n`'kkS rn~Hk`R;xk=Li'kZs·ÂlÂee~A
?kzk.ka p rRiknljkstlkSjHks JheÙkqyL;k jluka rn£irsAA
iknkS gjs% {ks=inkuqliZ.ks f'kjks â"khds'kinkfHkoUnusA
dkea p nkL;s u rq dkedkE;;k ;FkksÙke'yksdtukJ;k jfr%AA
(JheÚk- @@&)
os vius eudks JhÏ".kds pj.kdeyksads Lej.kesa] ftàkdks muds
uke&:i&xq.k&yhykdk o.kZu djusesa] vius d.kks±dks Hkxor~&dFkkds
Jo.kesa] us=ksadks JhHkxor~&foxzgkfnds n'kZuesa] Ropkdks Hkxor~&HkDrksads
pj.kkfndh lsok&lq[kdh vuqHkwfresa] ukfldkdks Hkxor~&pj.kksaesa v£ir
rqylh&pUnukfn lqxfU/kr nzO;ksads lw¡?kusesa] pj.kksadks Hkxor~&/kkedh
ifjØek djusesa rFkk eLrddks Hkxoku~ vkSj HkDrksads pj.kkssaesa iz.kke
djusesa fu;qDrdj loZnk Hkxor~&vkjk/kukesa rRij jgrs FksA bl izdkj
mUgksaus viuh leLr bfUnz;ksadks o'khHkwrdj Hkxor~&lsokesa fu;qDr dj
j[kk FkkA lk/kdksads fy, blh iFkdk vuqlj.k djuk Js;Ldj gSAAAA

($ f}rh; v/;k; '
rkfu lokZf.k la;E; ;qä vklhr eRij%A

o'ks fg ;L;sfUæ;kf.k rL; izKk izfrf"BrkAAAA
vUo;µeRij% (esjs ijk;.k) ;qDr% (HkfDr;ksxh) ýlu~µgksdjþ rkfu
lokZf.k (mu bfUnz;ksadks) la;E; (la;ferdj) vklhr (fLFkr gksuk pkfg,)
fg (D;ksafd) ;L; (ftudh) bfUnz;kf.k (bfUnz;k¡) o'ks (o'khHkwr gSa)
rL; (mudh) izKk (cqf¼) izfrf"Brk (fLFkj gS)AAAA
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gh cqf¼ fLFkj gS vFkkZr~ os gh fLFkrizK gSaAAAA
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ldrk gSµ;g ckr vkxsds va'kesa loZ= gh nz"VO; gSA tSlk fd m¼o
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vFkkZr~] gs deyu;u JhÏ".k! ;ksfxx.k izk;% gh euds fuxzgesa
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fg* vFkkZr~ fLFkrizKdh bfUnz;k¡ o'kesa gksrh gSaAAAA

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lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµftl izdkj dksbZ O;fDr ije ijkØeh fdlh

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xzg.k djusij nL;q:ih bfUnz;k¡ vius&vki o'khHkwr gks tkrh gSaA vr%
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gks tkrh gSaAAAA
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lÂkr~ latk;rs dke% dkekr~ Øks/kks·fHktk;rsAAAA
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lEiw.kZ:ils o'kesa ugha dj ikusds dkj.k D;k gksrk gS] mls lquksA blhfy,
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,oa vklfDrds }kjk mldh vf/kd dkeuk ;k vfHkyk"kk mRiUu gksrh
gSA vkSj] ;fn fdlh dkj.ko'k ml dkeukesa fo?u iM+s] rks mlls
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loZuk'k gksrk gS vFkkZr~ og iqu% Hkolkxjesa ifrr gks tkrk gSAAAA
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mins'kksadh Le`fr ugha jgrh gS ,oa bl Le`fruk'kls cqf¼ds ln~O;olk;dk
uk'k gks tkrk gSA rRi'pkr~ lk/kd lalkjdwiesa ifrr gks tkrk gSAAAA
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gks tkrh gSaA blhfy, Jqfr;ksaesa bfUnz;] eu vkSj cqf¼ vkfndks o'khHkwr
djusls ije indh izkfIr dh ckr dgh xbZ gSA
^;nk i´pkofr"BUrs Kkukfu eulk lgA
cqf¼'p u fops"Vfr rkekgq% ijeka xfre~AA*
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djuk iM+rk gSA JheÚkxoresa Hkh ,slk dgk x;k gSµ
^fo"k;s"kq xq.kk/;klkr~ iqal% lÂLrrks Hkosr~A
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(JheÚk- @@&)

JheÚxoåhrk ($"
vFkkZr~] eudks fuxzg u dj] gBiwoZd dsoy cká bfUnz;ksadk neu

djusij Hkh"k.k vuFkks±dh izkfIr gksrh gS] vr% fo'ks"k ;RuiwoZd
Hkxor~&miklukds }kjk eudk fuxzg djuk dÙkZO; gSA blhfy, xhrk
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gSa] ftudk vkRek vFkkZr~ eu opuesa fLFkr gSA vejdks"kds vuqlkj
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,sls oSjkX;dks QYxq ;k edZV oSjkX; dgrs gSaµ^deZsfUnz;kf.k la;E;*
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nks"kdk dkj.k ugha gksrkAAAA
izlkns loZnq%[kkuka gkfujL;ksitk;rsA
izlékpsrlks ák'kq cqf¼% i;Zofr"BrsAAAA
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gks tkrs gSa vkSj mu izlUufpÙk O;fDrdh cqf¼ 'kh?kz gh loZrksHkkosu
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izFke LdU/kesa ;g fo'kn~ :ils o£.kr gqvk gSA osnkUrdh jpuk djusij
Hkh Jhy O;klnsodk fpÙk izlUu ugha Fkk] fdUrq Jhukjneqfuds mins'kkuqlkj
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lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµHkxor~&ifjp;kZZe; HkfDrds }kjk gh fpÙk

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ijes'ojdk /;ku ugha gksrk gSA ^vHkko;r%* vFkkZr~ tks /;ku ugha djrk
gS] mls 'kkfUr vFkkZr~ fo"k;ksals fojkx ugha gksrk gS vkSj v'kkUr O;fDrdks
lq[k ;k vkRekuUn izkIr ugha gksrk gSAAAA
bfUæ;k.kka fg pjrka ;Ueuks·uqfo/kh;rsA
rnL; gjfr izKka ok;qukZofeokEHkflAAAA
vUo;µfg (D;ksafd) pjrke~ bfnz;k.kke~ (fo"k;ksaesa fopj.k djusokyh
bfUnz;ksaesa ls) ;r~ (ftl fdlh bfUnz;ds izfr) eu% (eu) vuqfo/kh;rs
(vuq/kkfor gksrk gS) rr~ (og eu) ok;q% (ok;q }kjk) vEHkfl (tyesa)
ukoe~ (ukodh Hkk¡fr) vL; (vftrsfUnz; O;fDrdh) izKk (cqf¼dks)
gjfr (gj ysrk gS)AAAA
vuqoknµftl izdkj ok;q tyesa fLFkr ukodks gj ysrh gS] mlh izdkj
vftrsfUnz; O;fDrdk eu fo"k;ksaesa fopj.k djusokyh ftl fdlh bfUnz;ds
izfr vuq/kkfor gksrk gS] og mlh bfUnz;ds vuqoÙkhZ gksdj mldh cqf¼dks
gj ysrk gSAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµv;qäL; cqf¼ukZLrhR;qiikn;frµbfUæ;k.kka LoLofo"k;s"kq
pjrka e/;s ;Ueu ,dfefUæ;euqfo/kh;rs] iqalk loZsfUæ;kuqo£Ùk% fØ;rs]
rnso euks·L; izKka cqf¼a gjfr] ;FkkEHkfl uh;ekuka ukoa izfrdwyks
ok;q%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµv;qDr iq#"k cqf¼ghu gksrs gSa] bls izfrikfnr djrs gq,
JhHkxoku~ dg jgs gSaµvius&vius fo"k;ksaesa fopj.k'khy bfUnz;ksaesa ls
eu ftl fdlh ,d bfUnz;dk vuqxeu djrk gS] iq#"k (eu) }kjk
lHkh bfUnz;ksadks vuqoÙkhZ fd;k tkrk gS] og eu gh mldh cqf¼dks
bl izdkj gj ysrk gS] tSls izfrdwy ok;q tyesa rSjrh gqbZ ukSdkdks
gj ysrh gSAAAA

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rLekn~ ;L; egkckgks fux`ghrkfu loZ'k%A

bfUæ;k.khfUæ;kFksZH;LrL; izKk izfrf"BrkAAAA
vUo;µrLekr~ (vr,o) egkckgks (gs egkckgks!) ;L; (ftudh)
bfUnz;kf.k (bfUnz;k¡) bfUnz;kFksZH;% (bfUnz;xzká fo"k;ksals) loZ'k% (lHkh
izdkjls) fux`ghrkfu (fux`ghr gSa) rL; (mudh) izKk (cqf¼) izfrf"Brk
(fLFkj gS)AAAA
vuqoknµvr,o gs egkckgks! ftudh bfUnz;k¡ bfUnz;xzká fo"k;ksals lHkh
izdkjls fux`ghr gSa] mudh cqf¼ fLFkj gS vFkkZr~ os fLFkrizK gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµ;L; fux`ghreul%] gs egkckgks! bfr ;Fkk 'k=qu~
fux`÷kfl] rFkk euks·fi fux`gk.ksfr Hkko%AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµ^;L;* vFkkZr~ ftudk eu fux`ghr (o'kesa) gks pqdk
gS] os fLFkrizK gSaA gs egkckgks! ftl izdkj rqe vius 'k=qvksadks thr
ysrs gks] mlh izdkj vius eudk Hkh fuxzg djksAAAA
;k fu'kk loZHkwrkuka rL;ka tkx£Ùk la;ehA
;L;ka tkxzfr Hkwrkfu lk fu'kk i';rks equs%AAAA
vUo;µ;k (tks vkRefo"kf;.kh cqf¼) loZHkwrkuke~ (lHkh thoksads
fy,) fu'kk (jkf=ds leku gS) rL;ke~ (mlesa) la;eh (fLFkrizK) tkx£Ùk
(tkxzr jgrs gSa) ;L;ke~ (ftl fo"k;izo.kk cqf¼esa) Hkwrkfu (lHkh tho)
tkxzfr (tkxzzr jgrs gSa) lk (og fo"k;izo.kk cqf¼) i';r% equs%
(rÙon'khZ eqfuds fy,) fu'kk (jkf=ds leku gS)AAAA
vuqoknµtks vkRefo"kf;.kh cqf¼ tM+eqX/k loZlk/kkj.k thoksads fy,
jkf=ds leku gS] fLFkrizK O;fDr mlesa tkxzr jgrs gSa] vkSj ftl fo"k;&
izo.kk cqf¼eas lk/kkj.k tho tkxzr jgrs gSa] rÙon'khZ eqfuds fy, ogh jkf=ds
leku gS vFkkZr~ os fu£yIrHkkols ;Fkk;ksX; fo"k; Lohdkj djrs gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµfLFkrizKL; rq Lor%fl¼ ,o loZsfUæ; fuxzg bR;kgµ
;sfrA cqf¼£g f}fo/kk HkofrµvkReizo.kk fo"k;izo.kk pA r= ;k
vkReizo.kk cqf¼%] lk loZHkwrkuka fu'kk] fu'kk;ka fda fda L;kfnfr
rL;ka LoiUrks tuk ;Fkk u tkufUr] rFkSokReizo.kcq¼kS izkI;ek.ka oLrq
loZHkwrkfu u tkufUrA fdUrq rL;ka la;eh fLFkrizKks tkx£Ùk] u rq Loifr_
vr vkRecqf¼fu"BekuUna lk{kknuqHkofrA ;L;ka fo"k;izo.kk;ka cq¼kS

& JheÚxoåhrk ($'
Hkwrkfu tkxzfr] rfék"Ba fo"k;lq[k'kksdeksgkfnda lk{kknuqHkofr] u rq r=

LoifrA lk equs% fLFkrizKL; fu'kk rfék"Ba fdefi ukuqHkorhR;FkZ%A fdUrq
i';r% lkalkfjdk.kka lq[knq%[kiznku~ fo"k;ku~ r=kSnklhU;sukoyksd;r%
LoHkksX;ku~ fo"k;kufi ;Fkksfpra fuyZsieknnkuL;sR;FkZ%AAAA
HkkokuqoknµfdUrq] fLFkrizK O;fDrds fy, bfUnz;ksadk neu rks Lor%
fl¼ gSA blds fy, gh JhHkxoku~ ^;k* bR;kfn dg jgs gSaA cqf¼ nks
izdkjdh gksrh gSµvkReizo.kk vkSj fo"k;izo.kkA buesals tks cqf¼
vkReizo.kk gksrh gS] og lHkh thoksads fy, fu'kkds ln`'k gSA ftl
izdkj fufnzr O;fDr ;g ugha tkurk gS fd jkf=esa D;k gksrk gS] mlh
izdkj tho ;g ugha tkurs fd vkReizo.kk cqf¼ls D;k izkIr gksrk
gS\ fdUrq] fLFkrizK ml fu'kkesa tkxzr jgrs gSaA vr,o vkRecqf¼fu"B
vkuUndk lk{kkr~ vuqHko djrs gSaA ftl fo"k;izo.kk cqf¼esa tho tkxzr
jgrs gSa vkSj viuh viuh fu"Bkds vuqlkj 'kksd&eksgkfndk lk{kkr~
vuqHko djrs gSa] blesa os lksrs ugha gSaA ijUrq] fLFkrizK eqfux.k bl
jkf=esa dqN Hkh vuqHko ugha djrs gSaA os lkalkfjd yksxksadks lq[k&nq%[k
nsusokys fo"k;ksadks mnklhu Hkkols ns[krs gSa vkSj vius Hkksx djus ;ksX;
oLrqvksadks fu£yIr Hkkols xzg.k djrs gSaAAAA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµfLFkrizK O;fDr;ksadk losZfUnz;&fuxzg
LokHkkfod:ils gh fl¼ gksrk gSA os gh ;FkkFkZesa Kkuh iq#"k gSaA blds
foijhr nsgkRecqf¼lEiUu vKkuh iq#"kksadh cqf¼ fo"k;&Hkksxksaesa fueXu
jgrh gS] ,sls fo"k;klDr yksx gh lalkjh ;k vK dgykrs gSaA Kku
fnuds leku rFkk vKku jkf=ds leku gSµ^vKkua rq fu'kk izksDrk
fnok Kkueqnh;Zrs* (LdUniqjk.k) loZ vk'p;Ze; losZ'ojds jkT;esa lc
dqN vk';;Ztud gSA ,d O;fDrds fy, tks jkf=dky gS] ogh nwljsds
fy, fnu gSA mYywds fy, jkf= gh fnu gS rFkk dkdds fy, ogh
jkf= gSA mYyw jkf=dkyesa gh ns[krk gS] fnuesa ugha] mlh izdkj vKkuls
vU/kk O;fDr izdk'k:i rÙoKkudks ugha ns[k ikrk] fdUrq vkRe&rÙofon~
O;fDr loZnk izdk'kLo:iµrÙoKkuLo:i Hkxoku~dk gh n'kZu djrs
gSaA os fo"k;kasdh vksj ugha ns[krs gSaA
ftl izdkj deydk iÙkk tyesa jgdj Hkh tyls fyIr ugha gksrk
gS] mlh izdkj fLFkrizK O;fDr fo"k;ksaesa jgdj Hkh fo"k;ksals fu£yIr
jgrs gSaAAAA

(% f}rh; v/;k; '
vkiw;Zek.kepyizfr"Ba leqæeki% izfo'kfUr ;}r~A

r}r~ dkek ;a izfo'kfUr losZ l 'kkfUrekIuksfr u dkedkehAAAA
vUo;µ;}r~ (tSls) vkiw;Zek.ke~ (lc vksjls ifjiw.kZ) vpyizfr"Be~
(vpy izfr"Bkokys) leqnze~ (leqnzesa) vki% (vusd ufn;ksadk ty)
izfo'kfUr (lek tkrk gS) r}r~ (oSls gh) ;e~ (fLFkrizK iq#"kessa) loZs
dkek% (lHkh dke) izfo'kfUr (lek tkrs gSa) l% (os) (gh) 'kkfUre~
('kkfUr) vkIuksfr (izkIr djrs gSa) u (u fd) dkedkeh (dkeukvksadks
iw.kZ djusdks bPNqd O;fDr)AAAA
vuqoknµftl izdkj vusd ufn;ksadk ty ifjiw.kZ vkSj vpy izfr"Bkokys
leqnzesa fcuk dksbZ {kksHk mRiUu fd, gq, izos'k djrk gS] mlh izdkj lHkh
dkeuk,¡ fLFkrizK iq#"kesa fcuk dksbZ fodkj iSnk djrh gqbZ gh muesa izfo"V
gks tkrh gSaA os (fLFkrizK) gh 'kkfUr izkIr djrs gSa] u fd viuh dkeukvksadks
iw.kZ djusds bPNqd O;fDrAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµfo"k;xzg.ks {kksHkjkfgR;eso fuyZsirsR;kgµvkiw;Zek.kfefrA
;Fkk o"kkZfLorLrrks ukns;k vki% leqæa izfo'kfUr] dhn`'ke~\ vkµbZ"knfi
vkiw;Zek.ka rkorhfHkjI;fÚ% iwjf;rqa u 'kD;e~A vpyizfr"BeufrØkUre;kZna
r}nso dkek fo"k;k ;a izfo'kfUr HkksX;Rosuk;kfUrA ;Fkk vika izos'ks vizos'ks
ok leqæks u defi fo'ks"keki|rs] ,oeso ;% dkekuka Hkksxs vHkksxs p
{kksHkjfgr ,o L;kr~ l fLFkrizK%A 'kkfUra Kkue~AAAA
Hkkokuqoknµfo"k; xzg.k djusij Hkh {kksHkjfgr gksuk gh fuysZirk
gSA blds fy, gh ^vkiw;Zek.ke~* bR;kfn dg jgs gSaA tSls o"kkZdkyesa
b/kj&m/kjls lHkh ufn;ksadk ty leqnzesa izos'k djrk gS] ijUrq bruk
vf/kd ty Hkh leqnzdks iw.kZ ugha dj ldrk gSA ^vpyizfr"Ba* vFkkZr~
ftldh lhekdk vfrØe u gksA mlh izdkj fo"k;lewg Hkh fLFkrizK
iq#"kds ikl Hkksxds :iesa vkrs gSaA ijUrq] tSls tyds izos'k vFkok
vizos'kls leqnzesa dqN fo'ks"k ;k ikFkZD; ugha gksrk gS] blh izdkj tks
dkeukvksads Hkksx vFkok vHkksxls {kksHkjfgr jgrs gSa] os gh fLFkrizK
gSaA os gh ^'kkfUr* vFkkZr~ Kku izkIr djrs gSaAAAA

! JheÚxoåhrk (%%
fogk; dkeku~ ;% lokZu~ iqeka'pjfr fu%Li`g%A

fueZeks fujgÁkj% l 'kkfUref/kxPNfrAAAA
vUo;µ;% iqeku~ (tks iq#"k) lokZu~ dkeku~ (lHkh dkeukvksadk)
fogk; (ifjR;kxdj) fuLi`g% (Li`gk'kwU;) fujgÁkj% (vgÁkjjfgr)
fueZe% (eerk'kwU;) ýlu~µgksdjþ pjfr (fopj.k djrs gSa) l% (os
fLFkrizK iq#"k gh) 'kkfUre~ ('kkfUr) vf/kxPNfr (izkIr djrs gSa)AAAA
vuqoknµtks iq#"k lHkh dkeukvksadk ifjR;kx djrs gq, Li`gk'kwU;]
vgÁkjfgr vkSj eerk'kwU; gksdj fopj.k djrs gSa] os 'kkfUr izkIr djrs
gSaAAAA
Jhfo'oukFkµdf'pÙkq dkes"ofo'olu~ uSo rku~ Hkq³~äs bR;kgµ
fogk;sfrA fujgÁkjks fueZe bfr nsg&nSfgds"ogarkeerk'kwU;%AAAA
HkkokuqoknµdksbZ&dksbZ O;fDr dkeukvksads izfr fo'okljfgr gksdj
mudk Hkksx ugha djrs gSaA blds fy, gh JhHkxoku~ ^fogk;* bR;kfn
dg jgs gSaA ^fujgÁkj fueZe%* vFkkZr~ tks nsg&nSfgd fo"k;ksaesa vgÁkj
vkSj eerkls jfgr gksdj fopj.k djrs gSa] os gh 'kkfUr izkIr djrs
gSaAAAA
,"kk czkãh fLFkfr% ikFkZ uSuka izkI; foeqáfrA
fLFkRokL;keUrdkys·fi czãfuokZ.ke`PNfrAAAA
bfr JhegkHkkjrs 'krlkglzîka lafgrk;ka oS;kflD;ka Hkh"eioZf.k
JheÚxoåhrklwifu"kRlq czãfo|k;ka ;ksx'kkL=s JhÏ".kktZqulaokns
^lka[;;ksxks* uke f}rh;kss·/;k;%AA
vUo;µikFkZ (gs ikFkZ!) ,"kk (;g) czkãh (czãdks izkIr gq, iq#"kdh)
fLFkfr% (fLFkfr gS) ,uke~ (bl fLFkfrdks) izkI; (izkIrdj) u foeqáfr
(dksbZ eksgizkIr ugha gksrs gSa) vUrdkys vfi (vfUre le;esa Hkh)
vL;ke~ (blessa) fLFkRok (fLFkr gksdj) czãfuokZ.ke~ ½PNfr (czãfuokZ.k
izkIr djrs gSa)AAAA
bfr JhegkHkkjrs 'krlkglzîka lafgrk;ka oS;kflD;ka Hkh"eioZf.k
JheÚxoåhrklwifu"kRlq czãfo|k;ka ;ksx'kkL=s JhÏ".kktZqulaokns
^lka[;;ksxks* uke f}rh;kss·/;k;L;kUo;%AA

(% f}rh; v/;k; !
vuqoknµgs ikFkZ! bl izdkj czãizkfIrdh fLFkfrdks czkãh fLFkfr dgk

tkrk gSA bl fLFkfrdks izkIr djusij dksbZ Hkh eksfgr ugha gksrk gSA e`R;qdkyesa
{k.kek= Hkh blesa fLFkr gksusij czãfuokZ.k izkIr gksrk gSAAAA
JheÚxoåhrkds f}rh; v/;k;dk vuqokn lekIrA
Jhfo'oukFkµmilagjfrµ,"ksfrA czkãh czãizkfidk] vUrdkys
e`R;qle;s·fi] fda iqujkokY;e~AAAA
Kkua deZ p foLi"VeLi"Va Hkfäeqäoku~A
vr,ok;e/;k;% Jhxhrhlw = eq P ;rs û
bfr lkjkFkZo£"k.;ka g£"k.;ka Hkäpsrlke~A
Jhxhrklq f}rh;ks·;a lÂr% lÂr% lrke~û
Hkkokuqoknµvc milagkj djrs gq, dgrs gaSµtc vUrdkyesa vFkkZr~
e`R;qds le; Hkh czãizkfIrdh fLFkfrdks izkIr djusls czãfuokZ.k izkIr
gksrk gS] rc ;fn ;g fLFkfr cpiuesa gh izkIr gks tk;] rks D;k
dguk\AAAA
bl v/;k;esa Kku vkSj deZ Li"V:iesa rFkk HkfDr vLi"V:iesa
dgh xbZ gS] vr,o bl v/;k;dks xhrkdk lw= dgk x;k tkrk gSA
JheÚxoåhrkds f}rh; v/;k;dh lk/kqlEerk HkDrkuUnnkf;uh
lkjkFkZo£"k.kh Vhdk lekIr gqbZA
JheÚxoåhrkds f}rh; v/;k;dh lkjkFkZo£"k.kh
Vhdkdk fgUnh vuqokn lekIrA
lk- o- izdkf'kdk o`fÙkµ^^;g v/;k; xhrkdk lw= gSA ls
'yksd rd iz'udÙkkZds LoHkkodk ifjp;] ls rd vkRe vkSj
vukRe rÙodk foospu] ls rd Lo/keZ:i deZds vUrxZr
iki&iq.;dk fopkj] ls v/;k;ds vUr rd iwoksZDr Kku vkSj
deZds iz;kstd ;FkkFkZ vkReKku lk/kd fu"dke deZ;ksx vkSj ml ;ksxesa
fLFkr iq#"kds thou vkSj vkpkj&fopkj izn£'kr gq, gSaA**µJhyHkfDrfouksn
BkdqjAAAA
JheÚfDrosnkUr ukjk;.kÏr JheÚxoåhrkds f}rh;
o
v/;k;dh lkjkFkZo£"k.kh&izdkf'kdk&o`fÙk lekIrA
f}rh; v/;k; lekIrA

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