Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Atlantic Wire. "Move towards Marriage Equality between 1970 and 2012." Map.

Wordpress. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://filipspagnoli.wordpress.com/stats-on-humanrights/statistics-on-discrimination/statistics-on-discrimination-of-homosexuals/#>. We decided to use this GIF to show how America has gone from an anti-homosexual to a more willing country. The two most populated states have now legalized gay marriage, which is what we wanted to show the most. During the last few years, the number of red states have only increased, showing the progression. This is a primary source since it is a map with first hand information from today's age. Davis, Madeline. Stonewall Nation. 1971. LP. We used this audio clip since the lyrics talked about Stonewall, and it is the first gay liberation song ever recorded. Davis mentioned that she wrote this song as she was coming home from her first protest. This song is a primary source because Madeline Davis composed and sung it herself. - - -. Radically Gay. Ed. Will Roscoe. Boston: Beacon, 1996. Print. This book is a primary source because it was written by Harry Hay himself. This book gives us a considerable amount of knowledge of Harry Hay's thoughts during the founding of the Mattachine Society. In the book there are several insightful portions about the rights and responsibilities of homosexuals. Also included in the book is a timeline that goes year by year highlighting significant events beginning in 1912 and ending in 1994.

Leitsch, Dick. Remembering a 1966 'Sip-In' for Gay Rights. Interview by Scott Simon. National Public Radio. N.p., 28 June 2008. Web. 1 Jan. 2014. <http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91993823>. This audio clip was used to show a first-hand experience from someone who was in the Mattachine Society. The clip talks of a 1966 "Sip In" where Dick Leitsch, then head of the New York Mattachine Society, is interviewed by Scott Simon of NPR. Leitsch described that "...until this time, gay people had never really fought back", but this is the time where they began to, and they won. The clip also speaks of what the court had to say about it, and that it was a constitutional right to peacefully assemble. The rights of the gay citizens had been protected by the responsibilities that the judicial branch had to uphold. This source is primary because Dick Leitsch was an original member, and was there himself at the event. Macy, John W. Letter to Bruce Schuyler. 28 Sept. 1962. TS. Rainbow History Project. This letter, written in 1962, emphasizes how homosexuals were not tolerated in the time. Macy states that he does not believe homosexuals are "suitable" for a position in the federal office. The Mattachine Society, as stated, was one of the earliest homosexual organizations in the United States. The fact that the government did not recognize the society as useful shows the discrimination, which is one of the things we wanted to show in our project. This letter is a primary source since it is a letter. Same Love. Perf. Macklemore, Ryan Lewis, and Mary. 2012. CD. We used this song on the conclusion page since it is a modern song about gays. The lyrics talk of how many homosexuals feel this day in age, which is not different from those of

the 20th century and before. This source is primary because it is an original song by Macklemore and Ryan Lewis, and it is performed by them. Shaping San Francisco, prod. Harry Hay on Language and Labels in the 1930s. Archive.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <https://archive.org/details/HarryHayOnLanguageAndLabelsInThe1930s>. This primary video was an original interview conducted by 'Shaping San Francisco' with Harry Hay himself. We put this on the background page in order to give some information on how it was like to be gay around the 1930's time period. He mentions that the word gay or homosexual was not even used until the late thirties, and how only topnotch universities used the word. We found it very surprising and thought many other people would think so too. United States. Declaration of Independence. Washington: GPO, 1776. US History. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. <http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/document/>. The United States Declaration of Independence is a primary source because it is an official government document. We were able to use it to show that all people, including homosexuals, have unalienable rights that cannot be taken away from individuals without due process of law. US Const. amend. I. National Archives. Web. 1 Jan. 2014. <http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript.html>. The United States Constitution is a primary source because it is an official government document. From this amendment, we were able to connect it to politicians and show how they religious beliefs are forbidden to influence their decisions on the process of voting on laws.

Wilkinson, Will. "Attitudes towards Sexuality." Chart. Wordpress. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://filipspagnoli.wordpress.com/stats-on-human-rights/statistics-ondiscrimination/statistics-on-discrimination-of-homosexuals/>. This chart shows the attitudes of different countries towards homosexuality and the percentage of the people who think that it is "unjust". We decided to show this to note the progression of gay acceptance from the 1980's to today. This source is primary since it is a demographic representation in a chart format; it is first hand information.

Secondary Sources Aldrich, Robert, ed. Gay Life and Culture: A World History. New York: Universe, 2006. Print. We used this book to figure out what homosexual life was like in the early 20th century, and also to read about their brief description of the Mattachine Society. We were able to emphasize about homosexual life during the World Wars because those wars were such an important part of United States history, in terms of growth and development of the nation. The book also contained lots of good photos that we cited separately. This book is a secondary source because it is a compilation of stories and events retold in one informational book. Berube, Allan. Coming Out Under Fire. New York: Free, 1990. Print. This book is a secondary source because it was written by a researcher who complied the stories and events dealing with the homosexual rights. In the book we were able to understand how the Mattachine Society influenced the homosexual soldiers to begin their own little movement themselves. Gutberlet, Joseph C. "Gays and Lesbians, 19291945." Facts on File. N.p., 2010. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE52>. This article, taken from the 'Encyclopedia of American History: The Great Depression and World War II, 1929 to 1945', was used to see just how gays and lesbians of that time lived. The "emergence of a more active homosexual subculture in such major cities as New York and Los Angeles" made new opportunities for them, letting them embrace their sexuality more. But they also talked about the strictness that started to uphold during World War II, when screenings for homosexuality were conducted unlike during World War I. We knew this would be good to incorporate in the background information to

show the setting and atmosphere of the time period. This is a secondary source because the person writing this did not live in the era and is a researcher. Miller, Neil. Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present. New York: Vintage, 1995. Print. This book gave many insightful stories and a full biography on the Mattachine Society, from how it was founded to its downfall. In particular, we took the story about Stonewall and the police raids and related it back to the society. Ultimately, the Mattachine Society is what sparked these people's stands for gay rights. This book is a secondary book because it is a compilation of stories and events retold by the author. ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives. "Mattachine Society Project Collection." Online Archive of California. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt7w1035mz/admin/#prefercite-1.3.4>. This secondary source writes about the history of the Mattachine Society in an archival document that consists of materials now donated to ONE Institute. We were able to grab certain reactions that heterosexuals developed for this newly found group. This is where we found the story about the journalist who wrote a degrading article, hurting Mattachine's reputation a bit. It also talks of how this led to Hay's dismissal, which was an important decision in the future of the Society. "Persecution of Homosexuals." Anne Frank Guide. Anne Frank Stichting, n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.annefrankguide.net/en-gb/bronnenbank.asp?oid=3141>. We used this website to describe the "Pink Triangles" worn on the prisoner uniforms of homosexuals in the War. We thought this would be good to show people that it wasn't just Jews who were placed in concentration camps, but gays as well. We also included

the photo. This would be a secondary source since this is an article talking about what happened in the past. "Quotes about Gay Rights." GoodReads. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. <http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/gay-rights>. We used this quote at the end of our conclusion page to leave the viewer thinking just how far the gay rights movement has come since the Mattachine Society. It is a secondary source since the quote was re-quoted from George Clooney on a quoting website. Timmons, Stuart. The Trouble with Harry Hay. Boston: Alyson, 1990. Print. This book is a secondary source because it its a biography of Harry hay that was written by Stuart Timmons. In the book Timmons does a great job of showing some of the events Hay went through in his life. The book also did a good job of showing us several of the problems the Mattachine Society faced throughout their existence. Timmons tells us of how the whole idea got started from Hay and does a great job of showing analysis of his research.

Images "2nd White House Protest." Rainbow History Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://rainbowhistory.omeka.net/items/show/136>. The primary photo taken shows a man holding a picket sign that says "Fifteen million homosexuals protest federal treatment". We wanted to put this to show just how big the homosexual population in 1965, and how many people wanted their rights just like the African Americans and women of America. Bauer, Friedrich Franz. "Heinrich Himmler." Wikimedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183S72707,_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg>. This primary photo is a self portrait of Heinrich Himmler taken by Friedrich Franz Bauer and located in the German Federal Archives. He thought homosexuals were the enemy and put all of them in confinement camps after Hitler appointed him in the Second World War. We included his picture in the background information. Blinch, Mark. "Bridal Kissing." Business Insider. Business Insider, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://www.businessinsider.com/irs-gay-marriage-decision-means-less-revenue-nowmore-later-2013-8>. This photograph is a primary source because it is a document of marriage being passed and two lovers sharing a kiss. This photo was used to show the change in rights since the Mattachine Society. Davies, Diana. Stonewall Inn in New York. Wikimedia Commons. Wikipedia, Oct. 1969. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stonewall_Inn_1969.jpg>. We included a photo of the Stonewall Inn on the Rights and Fights page since the Stonewall Riot was a

form of retaliation against their treatment. This photo is a primary source because it is from the New York Public Library and was taken by Diana Davies herself. Dwyer, Sandy. Harry Hay Gay Pride Parade. 1986. The Trouble with Harry Hay. By Stuart Timmons. Boston: Alyson, 1990. N. pag. Print. This photograph is a primary source because it was taken at the 1986 Los Angeles Gay Pride Parade. This photograph was an action shot of Harry Hay at the parade showing off his support for homosexual rights. "An Early Headshot of Harry Hay." KQED Pressroom. KQED, n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.kqed.org/press/tv/harryhay/images/harryhay1.jpg>. We used this on our title page because a big part of our project is based on Harry Hay, and this was him around the time that he started the Mattachine Society. This photo is primary because it is an original headshot of him. Die Freundschaft. N.d. Gay Life and Culture. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 175. Print. Die Freundschaft (Friendship) was aimed specifically at homosexual men and women during the twenties and thirties. It was later banned by the Nazis. It is a primary photo because it is an original picture of a newspaper document. Eideard. "Companies with 100% 'pro-gay' Rating by the Human Rights Campaign." Eideard. Word Press, 27 Feb. 2013. Web. 19 Aug. 2013. <http://eideard.com/2013/02/27/applemorgan-stanley-corporations-unite-to-support-gay-marriage/>. This primary photo shows the compilation of business logos of the companies who support LGBT rights. It was able to provide us with just a few of the well-known companies that supported the Human Rights Campaign and were considered 100% pro-gay, in other words they believed LGBT people should have the same rights as heterosexuals. In this category are some big

name companies like Apple, Google, Walt-Disney, Coco-Cola, Visa, MasterCard, Microsoft, AT&T, Sprint, etc. We incorporated this photo in the conclusion page. Eldorado. N.d. Gay Life and Culture. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print. Eldorado was a gay nightclub in Berlin. It was one of the first establishments to be closed after Hitler came to power. We used it in the background page. It is primary since it is a photograph from the time period. "Gay Flag Parade." Human Rights First. Human Rights First, n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. <http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/our-work/fighting-discrimination/lgbt-persons/>. This photograph is primary because it was taken at a gay pride parade to raise awareness for homosexuals. This photo was used to show the change in rights since the Mattachine Society. Getty Images. "DOMA Celebrations." Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/26/doma-fashion-reactionstwitter_n_3503406.html>. This photography is primary because it was taken at a celebration event for gay marriage. This photo was used to show the change in rights since the Mattachine Society. Girlymag. "Mattachine Review May 1959." Ebay. eBay, n.d. Web. 3 Jan. 2014. <http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/MATTACHINE-REVIEW-May-1959-Homophile-GayDigest-REVOLT-OF-THE-HOMOSEXUAL-VF-vv-/360598917740>. This photo is primary because it is a picture of an actual publish Mattachine review that was released by the society. From this photo we were able to gain insight on how the Mattachine reviews actually looked.

Gruber, Jim. Mattachine Founders. N.d. The Trouble with Harry Hay. By Stuart Timmons. Boston: Alyson, 1990. N. pag. Print. This photograph is a primary source because it was taken at the time of one of the Mattachine's meetings while it was still in the founding process. From this picture we were able to see the secretive meeting environment they faced because the fear of being arrested. Hay, Harry. Hay Woodcut. N.d. The Trouble with Harry Hay. By Stuart Timmons. Boston: Alyson, 1990. N. pag. Print. This image is primary because it was a woodcut that was actually made by Harry Hay himself. From the carving we were able to see Hay's passion for devoting himself to the fight for the rights of homosexuals even at a young age. Human Rights Campaign. "Red Equal Sign." The Visual Evolution. WordPress, n.d. Web. 29 Dec. 2013. <http://thevisualevolution.wordpress.com/2013/04/22/marriage-equalitygoes-visual/>. This is a primary source because it was created by the human rights campaign (a big supporter for gay marriage) as a symbol that you believe equality should be achieved. This photo was used to show the change in rights since the Mattachine Society. Instagram. "Put a Ring on It." Mediaite. Mediaite, n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. <http://www.mediaite.com/online/the-21-best-pro-gay-marriage-signs-spotted-outsidethe-supreme-court-during-tuesdays-prop-8-hearing/#0>. This photograph is a primary source because it was taken at a assembly to raise awareness for gay marriage. This photo was used to show the change in rights since the Mattachine Society. Kavanaugh, John. "Harry Hay and the Founding of the Mattachine Society." Bentley Historical Library. U of Michigan, n.d. Web. 3 Jan. 2014. <http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/queer/1950s.php>. This photograph is a primary

source because it is a photograph of an actual article that was written describing the time when the Mattachine Society was first founded. From this picture we were able to see the founding of such a Society was big news for the people of the area and time period. The article also briefly mentions some other important event in Hay's life. Lane, Bettye. "Stonewall Riots." Thirteen. N.p., 10 June 2010. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://www.thirteen.org/insidethirteen/2010/06/10/interview-with-stonewall-uprisingproducer-mark-samels/>. This photo is primary because it's a photo that was taken the night of the Stonewall riot. It shows a man trying to talk with police, and we showed it in the reactions page since this is a reaction to the riot. - - -. "I Am Glad I Am Homosexual." A Usable Past. WordPress, n.d. Web. 3 Jan. 2014. <http://www.erinemolloy.com/>. This photograph is a primary source because it is an image of the cover of One Inc. which was the Mattachine Societies first published magazine informing people of the homosexuals. This photograph was able to give us an understanding of how these publications would look like and some of the information that might be found within them. "Mattachine Society Button, 1958." The Role of Lesbians in the 1979 and 1987 Marches on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights. U of Michigan, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://sitemaker.umich.edu/lesbianhistories/browse_the_essays&mode=single&recordI D=0000c0a8de12000007d3ea0500000133a604c50ae21720f4&nextMode=list>. This primary source image of a Mattachine Society button shows how they advertised themselves during the time where they were trying to incoporate new members to add to the ripple effect.

"The Mattachine Society's Resolution Denying Communist Links." Equality California. N.p., 13 Nov. 2012. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://eqcablog.org/2012/11/13/november-11%E2%80%94-mattachine-society-founded/>. We used this photo to show that the Mattachine Society was not a Communist group, but rather a Leftist group, whom of which behaved similarly to Communist groups in terms of secrecy but had completely different ideals. Leftist groups strived for equality, which is what the Society's main purpose was. This source is primary since it is an original photo of a document from the Mattachine Society. McDarrah, Fred. "Stonewall Message." Fightback. Wordpress, n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. <http://fightback.org.nz/2013/01/19/stonewall-was-an-unpermitted-action-gay-liberationfront-1969-1979/>. This photograph is a primary source because it was taken at the time of the Stonewall riots. The photograph showed us that the Mattachine Society aimed to remain peaceful and had goo intentions behind the riots. Morris, Ray. "California Hall." GLBT Historical Society. N.p., 9 Oct. 2013. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs195/1101960178690/archive/1115245827174.html >. California Hall hosted a New Year's Eve party on Dec. 31, 1964, organized by the Council on Religion and the Homosexual, a new organization created to educate religious communities about gay and lesbian concerns. San Francisco police harassed guests and arrested party organizers, who were successfully represented at trial by the ACLU. This photo was primarily taken by Ray Morris who was the photographer that night. Ntennis. "The Ladder Lesbian Review." Wikimedia Commons. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Ladder_May_1966.jpg>. This photograph is a primary source because it was taken in the time period of the Mattachine Society. From

the image we were able to see that the Mattachine Society was a big influence on the initiation of other such societies. Ocamb, Karen. "Harry Hay Sign." LGBT | POV. WordPress, n.d. Web. 3 Jan. 2014. <http://lgbtpov.frontiersla.com/2012/04/09/the-mattachine-steps-dedicated-at-harry-hay100th-birthday-celebration-in-silver-lake-photos/>. This photograph is a primary source because it is a picture of a sign which is located in the place were the Mattachine Society was formed. The photograph was able to give us a visual to connecting with the foundation of the Mattachine Society. "The Pink Triangle." Pintrest. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.pinterest.com/pin/34269647135868153/>. We used this photo to show exactly what the pink triangle looked like on a prisoner uniform. It is a primary source because it is documentation that homosexuals were arrested and treated differently for being homosexual just like Jews were during World War II. Mattachine Society. "Are You Left-Handed?" Equality California. AT&T, n.d. Web. 3 Jan. 2014. <http://eqcablog.org/2012/11/13/november-11-%E2%80%94-mattachine-societyfounded/>. This illustration is a primary source because it was an actually flyer that the Mattachine Society would use to recruit members. From the illustration we were able see how when the Mattachine Society was first started it faced several difficulties and had to keep quiet about its existence. "Renee Cafiero." Dissent. N.p., 24 June 2011. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/dancing-in-the-streets-contestedpublic-spaces-and-the-history-of-queer-life>. This is a primary photo taken of Renee

Cafiero at the first gay picket line. We put this on the Rights and Fights page since this is a protest. Time Magazine. "Time Magazine Rudi Gernreich." Clothing and Fashion. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Jan. 2014. <http://angelasancartier.net/rudi-gernreich>. This photograph is a primary source because it shows an actual Time magazine of the time period. From this photography we were able to realize the publicity homosexuals were beginning to get from the general public. UPI/Bettman. 1965 Demonstration Organized by Washington, DC, Mattachine Leader Frank Kamney. N.d. Out of the Past. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 345. Print. This is a primary photo showing members of an early homophile group picketing in front of the White House in 1965. We showed it in the rights section to symbolize how people fought for their rights during the time. They chose peaceful protest.