Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis ofaShear Wall Building inMadinah

M.Ajmal ,M.K.Rahman andM.H.Baluch

KingFahdUniversityofPetroleum&MineralsDhahranSaudiArabia

RecentSeismicActivitiesinKSA
Recently seismic events that occurred in low to moderateseismicityregionsofSaudiArabiaare: Otaibah,Makkah (2005) Haradh,EasternProvince(2006) AlHadama,AlAmid,AlQarasa andYanbu (2009) EasternProvince(August, 2010)

WhyResearchisNeeded?
1. Some large cities in the Eastern and Western Part of Saudi Arabia are located close to fault zones. As the population increases and new areas are developed, the seismic risk to humanlifeandinfrastructureincreases. 2. Most old structures aredesigned without considering seismic effect.i.e.designedforgravityloads. 3. Recent seismic activity in Saudi Arabia have led to concern about the safety of the existing reinforced concrete buildings. 4. This research is planned as a joint collaboration between King Fahd university of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Saudi Arabia and Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Turkey.

NONLINEARSTATICPUSHOVERANALYSIS
The pushover analysis, is a static nonlinear analysis under permanent gravity loads and gradually increasing lateral loads.

APPLICATIONOFPUSHOVERANALYSIS
Pushover analysis may be applied to verify the structural performance of newly designed and the existing buildings for thefollowingpurposes: 1. Toverifytheoverstrengthratiovalues. 2. To estimate the expected plastic mechanism and the distributionofdamage. 3. To assess the structural performance of existing or retrofitted buildings. 4. Asanalternativetothedesignbasedonlinearanalysis.

DescriptionoftheBuildinginMadinah
Madinah Municipalitybuildingis selected. Constructedin1996. LocatedinwesternregionofSaudi Arabia. 8storeywithdomeandelevatorshafts PlanArea=40mx40m SeismicZoneisZ2AaccordingtoUBC 1997.

TYPICALPLAN MADINAH MUNICIPALITYBUILDING

ShearWall

7TH STOREYPLAN

TYPICALPLANFROM1ST TO6TH STOREY 8TH STOREYPLAN

SELECTED2DFRAMEFORNONLINEAR PUSHOVERANALYSIS

ELEVATIONOFSELECTEDFRAME
200mmThick Shearwall 300mmThick Shearwall

MaterialProperties,CrossSectionand ReinforcementDetails
MaterialProperties

f c'
fy
fu
Es

30MPa 420MPa 620MPa 200MPa

SHEARWALLMODELINGINPUSHOVER ANALYSIS Midpier model

Inmidpiermodeltheisgenerallybasedonplastichinge conceptandbilinearmomentrelationship. Theresponseofthismodelisgovernedbytheproper selectionofstiffnessofrigidbeambecauseassumptionof infiniterigiditycanleadtooverestimationofbending moment.

Multilayershellelementmodel
Theshellelementcanbeusedefficientlyfortheanalysis ofbuildingstructureswithshearwalls. Themultilayershellelementgivesarealisticpredictionof stressesandformationofhingesinshearwall.

SmearedMultilayeredShellElement

ShellelementModelForShearWall

MidPierModelforShearwall

SHEARWALLMODEL

MultilayeredShellElementModel

MidPierModel

LOADS
Forintermediatestoreys Deadloads SelfweightofSlab=4.75kN/m2 Floorfinish=2.3kN/m2 Superimposed load =1kN/m2 Liveload =4.8kN/m2 Forroof storeys Deadloads Selfweightofslab=4.75kN/m2 Floorfinish=3.5kN/m2 Superimposed load =1kN/m2 Liveload =2.4kN/m2

SEISMICWEIGHTOFTHEBUILDING
TheSeismicweightofthewholebuildingisthesum oftheseismicweightsofallthefloors.
Floorheightfromgroundlevel (m) 27.6 22.6 20.2 16 12.8 9.6 6.4 3.2 SeismicweightWi (kN) 1900 865 2780 3408 3320 3032 3032 3030 Wi=21371

MODALANALYSIS
Fromthemodalanalysistimeperiodandfrequency fordifferentmodesareshownbelow.

ModalProperties 1 Period(sec) 0.602 2 0.266 3.756

Mode 3 0.171 5.863 4 0.133 7.472 5 0.128 7.812

Frequency (rad/sec) 1.731

PARABOLICLATERALLOADFEMA356

The lateral force at any story (Fi ) is calculatedby

Fi =Vt

Wi H i2
2 W H j j j=1 N

SECTIONALANALYSISUSINGXTRACT
ASSUMPTIONS
Mander confinedandunconfinedconcretemodel. Elastoplasticsteelmodelwithouthardeningwereused. SoftwareusedforSectionalAnalysisisXTRACT.

Mander Unconfined,Confined ConcreteModel

Elastoplasticsteelmodel

PMINTERACTIONCURVEOBTAINEDFROMXTRACT

PMInteractionDiagramForColumnA11

MOMENTCURVATUREOBTAINEDFROM XTRACT

MomentCurvaturecurveforBeamK4

PUSHOVERANALYSISRESULTS

Pushovercurvefor2DFrameAnalyzed

STOREYDRIFTSRATIO

PlasticHingeDistribution
ShellModel PierModel

PLASTICHINGESDISTRIBUTIONWHENPUSHEDINPOSITIVEXDIRECTION AT6cmDISPLACEMENT

PlasticHingeDistribution
ShellModel PierModel

PLASTICHINGESDISTRIBUTIONWHENPUSHEDINPOSITIVEXDIRECTION AT9cmDISPLACEMENT

PlasticHingeDistribution
ShellModel PierModel

PLASTICHINGESDISTRIBUTIONWHENPUSHEDINPOSITIVEXDIRECTION AT15cmDISPLACEMENT

PlasticHingeDistribution
ShellModel PierModel

PLASTICHINGESDISTRIBUTIONWHENPUSHEDINNEGATIVEXDIRECTION ATAPPROX.5cmDISPLACEMENT

PlasticHingeDistribution
ShellModel PierModel

PLASTICHINGESDISTRIBUTIONWHENPUSHEDINNEGATIVEXDIRECTION ATAPPROX.7cmDISPLACEMENT

PlasticHingeDistribution
ShellModel PierModel

PLASTICHINGESDISTRIBUTIONWHENPUSHEDINNEGATIVEXDIRECTION ATAPPROX.14cmDISPLACEMENT

CONCRETESTRESSESINSHEARWALL

Crushingofconcrete asmaximumstress inconcretereaches ultimatestresses

CONCRETESTRESSWHENPUSHEDINPOSITIVEXDIRECTION

CONCRETESTRESSESINSHEARWALL

Crushingofconcrete asmaximumstress inconcretereaches ultimatestresses

CONCRETESTRESSWHENPUSHEDINNEGATIVEXDIRECTION

STEELSTRESSESINSHEARWALL

Hinged formed at the bottom of shear wall as maximum stress in steel reaches yieldstress

STEELSTRESSWHENPUSHEDINPOSTIVEXDIRECTION

STEELSTRESSESINSHEARWALL

Hinged formed at the bottom of shear wall as maximum stress in steel reaches yieldstress

STEELSTRESSWHENPUSHEDINNEGATIVEXDIRECTION

PERFORMANCEASSESSMENTUSING ATC40
PERFORMANCEPOINT BASESHEAR DISPLACEMENT 7349KN 0.07m

CONCLUSIONS
The hinge status of Shell Element and Mid Pier method at maximum displacement provide almost the same pattern. Mid Pier method overestimate base shear because of rigid beam rigidity, so appropriate rigidity must be selected.

ONGOINGRESEARCH
Time history analysis of selected 2D frames of the buildingisinprogress. Research will be carried out on 3D model of Madinah Municipality Building by the application of Pushoverandtimehistoryanalysis. Pushover analysis will be subsequently carried out forbuildingretrofittedwithCFRP.

REFERENCES
1. Ahmet E.T.,Codebased evaluation of seismic performance levels of reinforced concretebuildingswithlinearandnonlinearapproaches,MSc,ITU,2008 2. Bahadr A., Comparison of linear and nonlinear methods for seismic evaluation of existing reinforced concrete buildings in the Turkish earthquake code 2007,MSc Thesis,Bogazii University,2007 3. FEMA, NEHRP Improvement of nonlinear static seismic analysis procedures (FEMA 440). Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency: RedwoodCity,CA.2005. 4. Menjivar, M.A.L. A Review of Existing Pushover Methods for 2D Reinforced ConcreteBuilding,PhDThesis,RoseSchoolItaly.2004 5. Ghobarah, A. Review Article; Performance based design in earthquake engineering:stateofdevelopment.J.ofEngineeringStructures.2001.23:878884. 6. [16]. ATC Evaluation and improvement of inelastic seismic analysis procedures (ATC55).AppliedTechnologyCouncil:RedwoodCity,CA.2001. 7. FEMA, NEHRP Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings (FEMA356). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE): Reston, VA. 2000. 8. [17].Fajfar, P. A nonlinear analysis method for performance based seismic design, J.ofEarthquakeSpectra2000.16:573592 9. ATC Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings Volume1 (ATC40). AppliedTechnologyCouncil:RedwoodCity,CA.1997.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The study is being funded by King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals under project number IN101028 which is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge the mentoring provided by ITU to the KFUPM graduate studentsinvolvedinthisproject.