!""# %& '(")*+, -./ !"*01+ 2-.-0"3".

+
Nutrition for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention
Katie Ferraro,
MPH, RD, CDE
Defining Obesity
Research: Impact of Obesity
o 2012, Clobal 8urden of ulsease SLudy (2010)
o 82 lncrease ln global obeslLy x lasL 20 years
o Mlddle LasL: 100 lncrease slnce 1990
o Shl away from communlcable dlsease Lo non-
communlcable dlseases
!"#$%&' )*+, -%$ +./,0*120.234)))567*
Obesity Over view
o Slnce 1980, global obeslLy has more Lhan doubled
o 2008: > 1.4 bllllon adulLs, age 20+ overwelghL
o Cf Lhese: over 200 mllllon men and nearly 300 mllllon
women were obese
o 63 global populauon llve ln counLrles where
overwelghL and obeslLy kllls more people Lhan
underwelghL
o More Lhan 40 mllllon chlldren under Lhe age of ve
were overwelghL ln 2010
89:;< =%";&> ?:@"#AB"C9#' ?D%EA&F "#< ?G%:H%A@>&' )*+)I
Histor y: Actuaries
o Louls uublln (1882-1969) Lable of normal welghLs,
based on average welghLs for a glven helghL
o ulvlded lnLo Lhlrds: small, medlum, large
o Average of Lhlrds: ldeal" - deslrable"
undeslred welghL: 20-23 > deslrable wL for frame
Morbld obeslLy: 70-100 > deslrable wL for frame
J%K>:9; -A"; L:"#EK;"#&I )**0 M"#/),1+345N6.+
Histor y: Quetel et & Keys
o Adolphe CueLeleL (1796-1874)
CueLeleL lndex (1832): welghL lncreases as Lhe
square of Lhe helghL
o ur. Ancel keys (1904-2004)
Conrmed valldlLy of CueLeleL lndex
Colned Lhe Lerm 8Ml" ln 1972
J%K>:9; -A"; L:"#EK;"#&I )**0 M"#/),1+345N6.+
BMI: Body Mass Index
o kg/m
2
.or
o (lb/ln
2
) x 703
!"*01+ 4-+"056, 728 9#0:3
;
<
underwelghL < 18.3
normal welghL 18.3 - 24.9
CverwelghL 23.0 - 29.9
Cbese > 30
Body Mass Measur ements & Mor tal i ty
o Lean body mass: mass of non-faL body parLs
o 8ody welghL = welghL of faL + lean body mass

8ody Mass lndex
M
o
r
L
a
l
l
L
y

13 20 23 30 33 40
Limitations of the BMI
o uerlved from daLa on Anglo-Saxon populauons
o noL a dlagnosuc Lool
o Cheaper Lhan oLher measuremenL Lools
o uoesn'L Lake lnLo accounL:
Age
Cender
8ody Lype
Lxerclse
8ace

Additional Measurements
o WalsL Clrcumference
o WalsL-Lo-hlp rauo
o Sklnfold Lhlckness
o ercenL body faL:
8loelecLrlcal lmpedance
underwaLer welghlng
uLxA
WHO Causes of Obesity
o lncreased lnLake of energy-dense foods LhaL are
hlgh ln faL, salL and sugars buL low ln vlLamlns,
mlnerals and oLher mlcronuLrlenLs, and
o uecrease ln physlcal acuvlLy due Lo Lhe
lncreaslngly sedenLary naLure of many forms of
work, changlng modes of LransporLauon, and
lncreaslng urbanlzauon
For More Infor mation
o WPC, CbeslLy:
hup://www.who.lnL/medlacenLre/facLsheeLs/
fs311/en/lndex.hLml
o Parvard SPC, Measurlng CbeslLy:
hup://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obeslLy-
prevenuon-source/obeslLy-denluon/how-Lo-
measure-body-faLness/lndex.hLml