THE GRAND

CHRONOLOGY
(Some dates are approximate)

BC

4000-3500 Dawn of the Sumerian culture

3600 Thai bronzes

3300 Canaanites occupy the Holy Land

Agricultural villages in Egypt united into two kingdoms

3200 First hieroglyphic writing

3100 Pharaoh Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt

3000-1500 Indus Valley civilisation (Major sites Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro)

2700 First pyramids

2600 Egyptian control over Nubia

2500 Ebla civilisation

2500-1200 Bronze age Minoan civilisation on Crete and in neighbouring lands

2350 Sargon I (Akkadians)

2300 Indus Valley civilisation at its peak

2000-1700 Cretan Linear A script (still undeciphered)

1900-1800 A monotheistic (!) revelation to Abraham

1750 Abraham leaves Haran with his entourage

 1792-1750 Hammurabi (Amorites)

1730 Hebrew tribes migrate to Egypt under the leadership of Joseph

1700-1550 Semitic Hyksos rule in Egypt

1550 End of the Hyksos period in Egypt and oppression begins

before 1600 First phonetic alphabet along the Phoenician coast

1523 The Shang dynasty (‘Sons of Heaven’) - first large political state in China

A writing system with 2,000 characters already in use in China

1500 Dawn of Greek Civilisation

Aryans enter India via Kashmir

1440 Moses and the Israelites leave Egypt for the Sinai desert

1400 Probable birth of Zoroaster (1200, 1000, and 600s are also proposed as birth years)

1379-1362 Akh-en-Aten in Egypt (First example of monotheism)

1300 Gathering together of the Vedas

1250 Moses leaving Eypt - Exodus

YHWH’s revelation to Moses in Mt. Sinai

1300-1200 Cretan Linear B script records an early Greek dialect

13th century Song of Miriam (Exodus) (The Old Testament)

before 1200 Nomadic Hebrew tribes enter Canaan

1200-1000 Dorian Greek invasions of Greece and the Aegean area

12/11th century Period of the Judges, Book of the Covenant (Exodus) (The Old Testament)

1027 Chou dynasty in China expands the lands of the ‘Sons of Heaven’

1000/1006-961 David becomes king of Israel

1000 Aryan peoples (Persians, Medes) dominate the area of present day Iran

Dawn of Zoroastrianism (?)

 Beginning of the composition of the Psalms.

Story of the Ark of the Covenant (Samuel)

≈ End of 2nd millennium the first Arab civilisations start to appear

1000-722/721 Period of the Kings (Solomon and later two kingdoms)

The written source of the “Pentateuch” (The Old Testament)

Origin of the written source by the “Elohists” and “Jahvists” . The source we owe to Jahvists used the name
Elohists used the name “Elohim”

Jahvists’ work probably originated in southern Judea in 10-9th centuries BC. and Elohists’ probably in 8th ce
el. The two works were later merged with one another, and subsequently together with the “Second Book of th
the Priestly writings) to form what is known as the “Five books of Moses” - The Torah.

975 Two tribes lost to the house of David

965-926 Solomon (Shlomo)

961-922 Solomon (unites Hebrews in a kingdom)

960 Solomon becomes king of Israel

after 926 Kingdom of Israel in the north; kingdom of Judah in the south

922 Jerusalem sacked by the Egyptians

884 Syrians invade Judah, carry off Jewish captives

870 Prophet Elijah

850 Jerusalem sacked by Philistines

814 Phoenician colony of Carthage

753 Founding of Rome (Legend of Romulus)

750-661 Nubia rules Egypt

722 King Sargon of Agade (Sharru-ken/Sharrum-kin) conquers the northern kingdom of Israel

Ten tribes of Israel lost forever

722-698 Hezekiah of Judah

(721-693) The so-called “proto-Isaiah” (=Isaiah), Micah

 before 700 First metal coinage introduced by the Lydians in Asia Minor

639/638-609 So-called “Deuteronomistic reform” (621 BC.) by King Josiah of Judah which attempts to put into practice th
cond book of the law-Deuteronomy’. In order to lend importance to it, it was given the style of an address to th
end of their wandering in the wilderness.

Deuteronomy (5th Book of Moses), Habakkuk, Nahum, Zephaniah.

634-546 Thales

6th century The lost tribes of Israel settle in northern India

597 First exile

Jeremiah (original scroll) (The Old Testament)

A small part of the Book of Ezekiel (The Old Testament)

590 Prophet Ezekiel refers possibly to the Temple in Kashmir

586 Babylonians conquer the southern kingdom of Judah under Nebuchadnezzar II.

Temple of Solomon destroyed

Jewish captivity in Babylon.

586-539/538 Babylonian exile

Lamentations (The Old Testament)

So-called “deutero-Isaiah” (=Isaiah) (The Old Testament)

So-called “Deuteronomical historical work”. These are called deuteronomistic history because having origin
of the 6th century they are composed entirely in the spirit of the Deuteronomy. The connection with Deuterono
tent, it originated not before the 6th century BC. and possibly later.

Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, so-called Priestly writings (The Old Testament)

580-500 Pythagoras

563-483 Siddharta Gautama (Buddha) the ‘Enlightened One’

551 Birth of Confucius

539 Release of the Jews from Babylon by Cyrus of Persia

539/538-515 Restoration until the consecration of the “Second Temple”

 So-called “trito-Isaiah” (=Isaiah) (The Old Testament)

Haggai, Zechariah (The Old Testament)

539-323(?) Persian period

Joel and so-called “chroniclers” history work (The Old Testament)

522-486 Darius

520 Essenic thoughts spread amongst Greeks and Egyptians

500-300 Buddhism, Jainism, mystical revisions of orthodox Vedism develops in India

5th century First writing of the Buddhist suthras

469-399 Socrates

460 Malachi (The Old Testament)

≈ 450 Probably Ezra and Nehemiah (The Old Testament)

428-347 Plato

425 Babylonian Jews in trade contacts with the East

≈ 4th century Jonah (The Old Testament)

Job (could be 3rd century)

400 Start of Mahabharata

372-287 Diogenes

384-322 Atistotle

353 Jews deported to Hyrcania, near the Caspian Sea

336 Alexander the Great comes to power

334-326 Alexander the Great invades Syria, Egypt, Palestine, Babylon, Persia and NW India

≈ 320 Hellenistic Era (for about 300 years)

3rd century Proverbs and Songs of Solomon (The Old Testament)

around 332 Zechariah (The Old Testament)

 310-230 Aristarchus, heliocentric theory in astronomy

≈ 300 Ramayana

Euclid’s geometry

285-246 Beginning of the Septuagint

287-212 Archimedes

276-194 Eratosthenes, world map

274-236 King Asoka of the Maurya dynasty in India

260 Torah translated into Greek

257 King Asoka sends Buddhist missionaries to the West

≈ 250 Ecclesiastes (The Old Testament)

250 Persian empire ander the Parthians (until 229 AD.)

Asoka, the emperor of India sends Buddhist missionaries as far as Marseilles (Roquepertuse)

224 Sassanian dynasty succeding the Parthians (until 651 AD.)

198 Palestine conquered by the Syrian Seleucids

170-160 Book of Esther, Book of Daniel (The Old Testament)

168 Seleucid Antiochus storms Jerusalem and persecutes Jews

168-42 Hasmoneans revive Jewish kingdom

167-164 Maccabees

Qumran texts

166-160(?) First canon of the Bible - under Judas Maccabeus?

140 Introduction of Buddhism to China

Scattering of Jews around Mediterranean

100 Compilation of the Dead Sea Scrolls (Qumran texts)

Menelaus. Non-Euclidian geometry

 73 Herod the Great, king of Judaea

63 Pompey of Rome storms Jerusalem

45 Julian calendar

37 Herod of Idumaea king of Judaea

27 Octavian becomes Augustus, Roman emperor (until 14 AD)

7-6 Birth of Jesus (?)

5 Jesus adopted by Essenes (?)

4 Jesus taken to Egypt (?)

AD

0 World population estimated at 170 million

4 Herod Agrippa, Jewish ruler under Romans

6 Achelaus is removed from power;

Jesus (12 years old) in the Temple

Census carried by Quirinius for Romans (?)

6-28/30 Jesus’ first trip to India

14 First Roman emperor Augustus dies, Tiberius Caesar suceeds as emperor of Rome

20 Return of Jesus to the West, probably journeys to Greece and Britain (?)

21 Gondapharos, king of Gandhara

28(?) Jesus returns to Palestine

30 Jesus returns from India, and enters Jerusalem

30-35 Crucifixion of Jesus (?) (Choose the year you like, it won’t make any difference!)

33 Baptism of Jesus by John (?) (probably never happened)

31-34 John the Baptist murdered (?)

34-35 Ministry of Jesus (?)

 35 Paul ’s conversion (?)

36 Jesus with the king of Andrapa

after 36 Jesus in Edessa with the king of Nisibis

37 Holy Shroud taken to Edessa

Caligula emperor of Rome

40 Thomas meets Gondapharos at Taxila

Jesus in Parthia

Death of Mary Magdalene at Kashgar (?)

43 Rome invades Britain; London is founded

49 Jesus and Thomas meet at Taxila

Gopadatta rules Kashmir

before 50 Jesus lives in the university town of Taxila (Punjab), and is seen at the court of Gondapharos, the Indo-Parth

50 Jesus at the court of king Gopananda (Gopadatta) who ruled about 49-109

Downfall of Gondapharos: Yueh-Chi invasion from Bactria

Death of Mother Mary (?)

≈ Middle of the first century AD: New Testament epistles

after 50 Jesus under the name of Yuz Asaf travels as an itinerant preacher in Kashmir and neighboring regions

52 Thomas reaches Malabar

56-120 Tacitus

60 Yuzu Asaph arrives in Kashmir

60-70 Compilation of Gospel of Mark

64 Great fire in Rome

Nero begins persecution of Christians

Peter crucified
 66-70 Series of Jewish rebellions against Rome

67 Paul beheaded in Rome(?)

70 Pliny’s Historica Naturalis, noting the Essenes

Destruction of Jerusalem and Herod’s Temple by Romans (Titus)

after 70 Jesus meets the local king Shalivahana

73 Fall of Masada

78 Inscription on the Temple of Solomon in Srinagar

Shalivahana meets Jesus then leaves Kashmir

78-103 Reign of king Kanishka

79 Mt. Vesuvius erupts, destroys Pompeii; 20,000 die

80 4th Buddhist Council at Harran (Harwan) in Kashmir

after 80 The body of Jesus entombed in Srinagar

85 Compilation of Gospel of Matthew

90-95 John’s apocalypse

Acts of the Apostles (The Old Testament)

Further New Testament epistles

98-116 Roman Empire reaches greatest geographical extent

100 World population estimated at 180 million

Establishment of the Hebrew Bible canon at Jabneh (Jabne-el, Jamnia)

109 Reputed death of Jesus in Kashmir

110 Official time of compilation of the Gospel of John

115 Sutta compiles Bhavishya Maha Purana

≈ 150 Second epistle of Peter

163 Bones and relics of Thomas carried from Madras to Edessa

 175 Migration of Christians from the West to NW India

182-251 Origen

184 The Roman army carries the great plague from Parthia (Iraq) into the Empire

189 Demetrius deputes Pantaenius to India to preach Christianity

190 Catholic bishops’ power is established and a New Testament canon is formulated

200 World population estimated at 190 million

202 Roman Emperor Septimus Severus makes baptism a criminal act

220 Goths invade Asia Minor and Balkan peninsula

248 Rome celebrates its 1,000th anniversary

250 Emperor Decius increases persecution of Christians

271 Monasticism begins with Anthony, the first hermit, in Egypt

284-305 The last of the great state persecutions against Christians occurs under Diocletian

286 Roman Empire splits with eastern capital in Byzantium

300 Eusebius writes about the Essenes

306-337 Constantine

312 Constantine accepts Christianity; reunites empire

313 Emperor Constantine issues the Edict of Milan which legalizes Christianity throughout the Roman Empire

325 Council of Nicaea condemns Arianism

328-333 Constantine makes Byzantium his new capital under the name of Constantinople

354-430 Augustine

368 Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis, collates the Acta Thomae

375 Eusebius divides New Testament into authentic, disputed and spurious parts

382 Gospel of James and Gospel of Barnabus condemned

396-430 Augustine reigns as bishop of Hippo in North Africa. In 410-426 he writes ‘City of God’.
 397 Third Council of Carthage (Augustine) settles final Canon of the New Testament

405 Gospel of James and Gospel of Barnabus proscribed and destroyed

422 Rab Ashi compiles the Jewish Talmud

478 Gospel of Barnabus rediscovered in a tomb in Cyprus

495 Acta Thomae proscribed

496 Gospel of James and Barnabus declared heretical (Decree of Gelasius)

Clovis king of the Franks, is baptized in the first mass conversion.

525 Holy Shroud found at Edessa

529 Codex Justinianus

571 Birth of Mohamed, the Islam prophet (birth year propositions range from 567 to 573 but 571 seems to be the
ority of researchers agree)

590 Columbanus leaves Ireland; founds Continental monasteries

596 The Roman Pope sends Augustine to convert England

600 Talmud finalised

611 Mohamed announces the first revelation from his God

614 Damascus and Jerusalem sacked by Persians. Holy Cross carried away.

622 Hegira to Medina by the Mohammedan Arabs, beginning of the Islamic calendar

632 Mohamed dies

661 Ali - Mohamed’s nephew and son-in-law assasinated; followers found the Shi’ite sect

661-750 Omayyad caliphs

750 Baghdad becomes the seat of the Abbasid caliphs

800 Amalgamation of Church and State in Rome (Charlemagne)

960 Al Sheikh Al-Said-us-Sadiq completes Ikmal-ud-Din on Jesus’ India Journeys

971-1030 Mahmud of Ghazni

 980-1037 Avicenna

1054 Split between Eastern and Western Churches formalized

1055 Seljuk Turks took Baghdad

after 1071 Seljuk Turks rule Persia and Iraq; massive numbers of Turks settle in Asia Minor

1095-1099 The Crusades to wrest Palestine from the Moslems are launched by Pope Urban II.

1099 Crusader storming of Jerusalem

Crusader states in Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch

1126-1198 Averroes

1135-1204 Maimonides

1147 Second Holy War for Jerusalem (response to Second Crusade)

1187 Recapture of Jerusalem from Crusaders by Sultan Saladin

1206 Sultanate of Delhi - Turkish power in India consolidated

1274 Thomas Aquinas dies. He is considered the greatest Catholic thinker.

1290 Cardinal Hugo de S Caro reorganises New Testament

1290-1922 Ottoman era

1306 Holy Shroud relocated to France

1357 Holy Shroud first exposed to devotees

1417 Mir Muhammad’s Rauzat-us-Safa mentions Jesus in Nisibis

1420 Mulla Nadri completes Tarikh-i-Kashmir

1451 Nasir-ud-Din buried beside Jesus’ tomb in Kashmir

1453 Constantinople fell to the Ottomans

1473-1543 Copernicus (promoted heliocentric theory)

1475-1564 Michelangelo

1483-1546 Luther
 1455 Gutenberg’s printed Bible

1502-1736 Safavids

1508-1512 Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

1509-1564 Calvin

1514 New Testament in Greek printed

1517 Martin Luther nails 96 Theses to the Wittenberg Chapel. The Protestant Reformation begins.

1521 Martin Luther excommunicated

Beginning of Reformation

1523 Talmud printed in Holland

1526-1857(?) Mughal dynasty of India

1529 Ottoman advance in Europe stopped at Vienna

1534 Founding of the Jesuit order by Loyola (Counter-Reformation)

Henry VIII breaks away from the Catholic Church

1545-1547 The first Council of Trent condemns Protestanism.

1561-1626 Francis Bacon

1564 Protestant reformer John Calvin of Geneva dies.

1564-1642 Galileo

1596-1650 Descartes (invents analytic geometry)

1611 King James Bible is published.

1620 The Mayflower carries puritans to America. Colonies are established in New England.

1632-1677 Spinoza

1633 Galileo’s forced retraction

1642-1727 Newton (mechanics unifying cosmic and earthly phenomena)

1646-1716 Leibnitz (together with Newton invents calculus)

 1571-1630 Kepler (mathematical laws describing the orbits of the planets)

1578 Holy Shroud taken to Italy

1616 James I’s Authorised Bible appears

1694 Holy Shroud moved to Royal Chapel at Turin

1729 Azam’s Waqiat-i-Kashmir notes Yuzu Asaph’s tomb

1741 Badi-ud-Din Abul Qasım notes one of Apostles is buried at Yuzu Asaph’s tomb

18th century Enlightenment

1766 Decree in favour of custodian of Yuzu Asaph’s tomb, by Grand Mufti of Kashmir

1789-1794 The French Revolution tries to de-Christianize France.

1804 The British and Foreign Bible Society seeks to translate the Bible into every language.

1803 A. Wrede writes Account of St. Thomas’ Christians in Malabar

1820 Abdul Qadir, in Hashmat-i-Kashmir, calls Kashmiris descendants of Jews

1823 Thilla publishes Acta Thomae

1848 Communist Manifesto, Marx & Engels

1861 Moore’s Lost Tribes traces Jews in Afghanistan and Kashmir

1870 Acts of Barnabus published in English

1871 Acta Thomae published in English

1872 Meer Izzut-Oolah’s Travels in Central Asia mentions Jesus in Ladakh

1873 The Crucifixion by an Eye-Witness surfaces in USA, proscribed and burnt

1880 Anti-Semitic Petition in Germany

1890 Notovitch’s Life of Saint Issa, based on his findings in Ladakh

1891 Moore’s Ethnography of Afghanistan

Mir Khwand’s Rauzat-us-Safa published in English

1893 Gospel of Peter published by H.B. Swete

 1894 Notovitch’s The Unknown Life of Jesus published

1898 Holy Shroud first photographed

Threatened demolition of Yuzu Asaph’s tomb

1904 Zionist Movement for establishment of Israel

1907 The Crucifixion by an Eye-Witness published

1908 Mirza Ghulam Ahmad publishes Massih Hindustan Mein

Levi’s Aquarian Gospel

1910 Bhavishyat Maha Purana published

1916-1918 Marshall’s excavations at Taxila reveals first century Christian relics

1920 Docker’s If Jesus Did Not Die on the Cross: A Study in Evidence

1936 Mufti Mohammed Sadiq publishes Qabr-i-Masih, on Yuzu Asaph’s tomb

1945 J.D. Shams publishes Did Jesus Die?

Discovery of Nag Hammadi texts

1947 First discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls.

Establishment of the State of Israel

1948 World Council of Churches founded. Ecumenical movement starts.

1949 Fragments of Old Testament brought to Jerusalem from Qumran

1950 Tomb of Mary in Muree repaired

1952 Qumran: New fragments

Nazir Ahmad’s Jesus in Heaven on Earth published

1953 Robert Graves’ The Nazarene Gospel Restored

1956 Millar Burrows translates Dead Sea Scrolls; Copper Scrolls deciphered

1956 A. Powell Davis’ The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls

1957 Kurt Berna’s Jesus Nicht am Kreuz Gestorben and Das Linnen (Turin Shroud)
1962-1965 The Second Vatican Council revolutionizes the Catholic Church - services are allowed to be held in the vern
n.

1964 Aziz Ahmad’s Asrar-i-Kashmir (Mystery of Kashmir)

1969 Turin Shroud exposed to scientific investigation

1975 Discovery of slab with Jesus’ foot-marks (by F.M. Hassnain & Ghulam Mohi-ud-Din)

1976 Andreas Faber-Kaiser’s Jesus Died in Kashmir

1977 Die Messias - Legitimation Jesu published by Helmut Gouckel

1977 Turin Shroud studied by NASA scientists

1978 Turin Shroud draws 500,000 visitors.

Ian Wilson’s Turin Shroud published

International Conference on the Deliverance of Jesus from the Cross, London

1980 Janet L. Brock’s The Jesus Mystery

1982 Diego Rubio Barrera’s Jesucristo

1983 Holger Kersten’s Jesus Lebte in Indien

1984 E.C.Prophet’s Lost Years of Jesus, drawing together many testimonies

1987 John Forsström’s King of the Jews

1991 Baigent and Leigh’s The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception

1992 Barbara Thiering’s Jesus the Man, on Essene Biblical ciphers

1993 Publication of many hitherto unpublished Dead Sea Scrolls