Professional Documents
Culture Documents
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
0 10
20
30
80 70 60 50
40
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Temperature /
o
C
Suhu /
o
C
Resistance / O
Rintangan / O
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(ii) What is the resistance of the thermistor at 30
o
C . Show on the graph
how you determine the value of resistance.
Apakah rintangan termistor pada suhu 30
o
C. Tunjukkan di atas graf
bagaimana rintangan ditentukan.
....
[2 mark]
[2 markah]
(b) A thermistor and a light dependence resistance (LDR) are used to make a
simple switch which control an air conditioner in a room as shown in
Diagram 7.2.
Termistor dan perintang peka cahaya (PPC) digunakan untuk membina satu
suis ringkas yang m engawal penyaman udara di dalam sebuah bilik seperti
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7.2.
Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2
The air-conditioner is only activated either on a sunny day or at a hot night
Penyaman udara akan dihidupkan pada waktu siang dan pada malam yang
panas.
Keys : Input P : during the day logic 1
Kunci : Input P : waktu siang logik 1
Input P: at night - logic 0
Input P : waktu malam- logik 0
Input Q : when hot - logic 1
Input Q : apabila panas logik 1
LDR
Thermistor
P
R
Q
Air-conditioner
Penyaman
udara
0 V
12V
AC ,240
V
Relay
Geganti
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Input Q : when cold - logic 0
Input Q : apabila sejuk - logik 0
Relay switch : switch on when output logic is 1
Suis geganti : dihidupkan apabila logik output 1
Relay switch : switch off when output logic 0
Relay switch : dimatikan apabila logik0
Table 7 shows a truth table operation indicates the logic gates which control
the air-conditioner system.
Jadual 7 menunjukkan jadual kebenaran operasi get logic bagi mengawal
system penyaman udara.
Input
Input
Output
Output
P Q R
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Table 7
Table 7
(i) Using the keys given, complete the table 7
Menggunakan kunci yang diberi, lengkapkan jadual 7.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Name the logic gate in the circuit in Diagram 7.
Namakan get logik dalam litar pada Rajah 7.
........
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iii) In the space below , draw a symbol of the logic gate in 2b(ii).
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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Dalam ruangan di bawah lukiskan simbol bagi get logic di 2b(ii).
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c) Diagram 7.3 shows a light dependent resistance, LDR , used in transistor
circuit to control a road lamp labeled 240 V. 100 W.
Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan perintang peka cahaya digunakan dalam litar
transistor untuk mengawal lampu jalan yang berlabel 240 V, 100 W
Diagram 7.3
Rajah 7.3
At night the road lamp is switched on automatically.
Pada waktu malam lampu jalan dihidupkan secara automatik
(i) What is the function of resistor R
1
?
Apakah fungsi perintang R
1
?
........
[1mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Explain how the circuit function at night.
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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Jelaskan bagaimana litar itu berfungsi pada waktu malam.
[2 mark]
[2 markah]
(iii) Why the lamp is not connected directly to the transistor circuit?
Mengapa lampu jalan itu tidak disambungkan terus pada litar
transistor ?
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
3. (a) Diagram 8.1 shows a relay used in an electrical circuit.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan satu geganti yang digunakan dalam satu litar elektrik.
Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1
(i) What is the function of a relay?
Apakah fungsi geganti?
..
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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(ii) Explain what will happen when an electric current flow in the main
circuit?
Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku apabila arus elektrik mengalir
dalam litar utama?
....
..
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) Diagram 8.2 shows a circuit consists of an automatic switch using a relay to
switch on a street light at night.
Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan satu litar yang terdiri daripada sau suis automatik
menggunakan geganti untuk menghidupkan satu lampu jalan pada waktu
malam.
Diagram 8.2
Rajah 8.2
(i) Name the component labeled Q.
Namakan komponen berlabel Q.
...
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) State the main characteristic for component Q.
Nyatakan ciri utama bagi komponen Q.
...
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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(iii) Explain how the component Q light up the street light.
Terangkan bagaimana komponen Q menghidupkan lampu jalan.
..
..
..
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(c) Diagram 8.3 shows a simple tsunami control system used to detect an
earthquake and eruption volcano at the sea bed which will produced tsunami.
Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan satu sistem kawalan tsunami ringkas yang digunakan
untuk mengesan gempa bumi dan letupan gunung berapi di dasar laut yang
akan menghasilkan tsunami.
Diagram 8.3
Rajah 8.3
The circuit consists of vibration sensor, V, and water temperature sensor,T, at
the sea bed.
The vibration and increase in temperature detected will produced signals
which will be sent to a logic gate and then to the tsunami operation detector
room through the transmitter.
Litar adalah terdiri daripada pengesan gegaran, V, dan pengesan suhu air, T
di dasar laut.
Gegaran dan kenaikan suhu air yang dikesan akan menghasilkan isyarat yang
akan dihantar kepada get logik dan seterusnya dihantar ke bilik operasi
pengesan tsunami melalui pemancar.
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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Keys ;
Kekunci;
Vibration sensor, V : With vibration Logic 1
Pengesan gegaran, V : Dengan gegaran Logik 1
Vibration sensor, V : Without vibration Logic 0
Pengesan gegaran, V : Tiada gegaran Logik 0
Water temperature sensor, T : High temperature Logik 1
Pengesan suhu air, T : Suhu tinggi Logik 1
Water temperature sensor, T : Low temperature Logik 0
Pengesan suhu air, T : Suhu rendah Logik 0
Output S : Radar is activated Logic 1
Output S : Radar diaktifkan Logic 1
Output S : Radar is deactivated Logic 0
Output S : Radar is tidak diaktifkan Logic 0
Tsunami will occur when there is a vibration or change of high temperature at
the sea bed.
Tsunami akan berlaku apabila terdapat gegaran atau perubahan suhu tinggi
di dasar laut.
Table 8 is a truth table which shows the operation of the logic gate in the
tsunami control system.
Jadual 8 adalah jadual kebenaran yang menunjukkan oparasi get logik dalam
sistem kawalan tsunami.
V T S
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Table 8
Jadual 8
(i) Using the keys given, complete Table 8.
Menggunakan kekunci yang diberikan, lengkapkan jadual 8.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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(ii) Name the logic gate in the circuit in Diagram 8.3.
Namakan get logik dalam litar pada Rajah 8.3.
..
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iii) In the space below, draw the logic gate symbol in 3 c(ii).
Pada ruangan di bawah, lukis symbol get logik dalam 3 c(ii).
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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CHAPTER 9 : ELECTRONIC
PAPER 1
NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER
1 B 5 B 9 C
2 A 6 C 10 D
3 C 7 A
4 B 8 C
PAPER 2 SECTION A
NO SCHEME
SUB
MARK
TOTAL
MARK
1(a) Beam of electron moving at high speed
Alur elektron berhalaju tinggi
1 1
(b) 1. Light from the filament is blocked by the cross
Cahaya dari filament dihalang oleh palang
// Cathode ray is blocked by the cross
Sinar katod dihalang oleh palang
1
1
(c) 1. Correct substitution
2 (1.6 x 10
-19
) ( 3000)
9 x 10
-31
2. Correct answer with unit
3.27 x 10
7
ms
-1
1
1
2
(d) (i)
1
1
(ii) Flemings left- hand rule // Peraturan tangan kiri Fleming 1 1
TOTAL MARK 6M
S
C
H
E
M
E
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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NO SCHEME
SUB
MARK
TOTAL
MARK
2 a)(ii) Temperature high, resistance low
Suhu tinggi, Rintangan rendah
1
3
(ii) - Lines drawn on the graph.
-1.35
- garis dilukiskan pada graf
-1.35
1
1
(b) (i) Output,R
0
1
1
1
1
3
(ii) OR
ATAU
1
(iii)
1
(c) (i)
To limit the current flows into the base terminal.
Menghad arus yang mengalir ke dalam terminal tapak
1
5
(ii) At night, no light fall on the LDP, resistance, R of LDP high.
As R high, the voltage, V across the LDP also high.
V across the base circuit > V
min
, this will switch on the
transistor and the collector circuit works.
Pada waktu malam, tiada cahaya dalam LDP, rintangan, R
bagi LDP tinggi,
Apabila R tinggi, voltan, V mengalirdalam LDP juga tinggi.
V melalui litar tapak > V
min,
suis transistor akan dihidupkan
dan litar pengumpul akan berkerja
1
1
1
(iii) The voltage 6 V in the collector circuit will not light up the
bulb.
Voltan 6V dalam litar pengumpul tidak akan menyalakan
mentol
1
TOTAL MARK 10M
3(a)(i) As an automatic switch to switch on the second circuit
Sebagai suis automatik dihidupkan pada litar kedua
1
3
(ii) - Relay coil will be an electromagnet
- attracts soft iron armature
- second circuit will be operated (Max 2M)
- gegelung geganti akan di electromagnet
- angker besi lembut ditarik
- litar kedua akan beroperasi (Maks 2M)
1
1
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NO SCHEME
SUB
MARK
TOTAL
MARK
(b)(i) LDR 1 1
(ii) The resistance of LDR is low when there is light // vice versa
Rintangan bagi LDR adalah rendah apabila ada cahaya //
sebaliknya
1 1
(iii) At night, resistance Q is higher
V
Q
higher > V
be
of battery
I
b
increase, I
c
increase ; (Relay is switch on
Pada waktu malam, rintangan Q adalah tinggi
V
Q
tinggi > V
be
bagi bateri
I
b
bertambah, I
c
bertambah ;Geganti akan dihidupkan
1
1
1
3
(c) (i)
V T S
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
2
4
(ii) OR Gate
Get ATAU
1
(iii)
1
TOTAL MARK 12M
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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CHAPTER 10: RADIOACTIVITY
PAPER 1
1 Diagram 1 shows the decay sequence from nucleus uranium-234 to radon-222.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan siri pereputan nukleas uranium-234 kepada radon-222.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
What are the numbers of alpha particles and beta particles that are emitted in this
process ?
Berapakah bilangan zarah alfa dan zarah beta yang dibebaskan dalam proses ini ?
Number of alpha
particles
Bilangan zarah alfa
Number of beta
particles
Bilangan zarah beta
A 1 2
B 2 1
C 3 0
D 0 3
2 Diagram 2 shows the radioactivity decay graph for a radioactive material.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan graf pereputan radioaktif bagi satu bahan radioaktif.
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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Diagram 2
Rajah 2
What is the half-life of the radioactive material?
Berapakah separuh hayat bahan radioaktif itu?
A 1.0 s B 2.0 s
C 3.0 s D 5.0 s
3 Diagram 3 shows the path of particle P when it moves close to a nucleus.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan lintasan bagi zarah P apabila ia bergerak berhampiran dengan
satu nukleus.
Identify the particle P.
Kenal pasti zarah P.
A -particle B -particle
zarah- zarah-
Particle P
Zarah P
nucleus
nukleus
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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C -ray D neutron
sinar- neutron
4 Diagram 4 shows an equation of a nuclear reaction.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan persamaan suatu tindakbalas nukleus.
/tenaga
What are the values of P and Q?
Berapakah nilai P dan Q?
P Q
A 3 1
B 2 1
C 4 2
D 3 2
5 Diagram 5 shows the decay curve of a radioactive sample.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan lengkung reputan bagi satu sampel radioaktif.
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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What is the half life of the radioactive sample?
Berapakah separuh hayat bagi sampel radioaktif tersebut?
A 0.2 years B 0.4 years
0.2 tahun 0.4 tahun
C 1.0 years D 1.2 years
1.0 tahun 1.2 tahun
6 In a nuclear fission reaction, 0.005 u mass of a radioactive element is changed to
nuclear energy.
Calculate the energy released.
Dalam proses penyusutan nuklear, 0.005 u.j.a. jisim telah ditukarkan kepada tenaga
nuklear.
Hitung tenaga yang dibebaskan.
[1u = 1.7 x 10
-27
kg , speed of light = 3.0 x 10
8
ms
-1
]
[1 u.j.a. = 1.7 x 10
-27
kg , halaju cahaya = 3.0 x 10
8
ms
-1
]
A 2.55 x 10
-21
J B 5.10 x 10
-19
J
C 3.83 x 10
-13
J D 7.65 x 10
-13
J
7. Which of the following is correct about the penetrating power of o ,| and ?
Antara berikut yang manakah adalah benar mengenai kuasa penembusan o ,| dan
?
A
B
paper
kertas
aluminum
aluminium
3 cm
o
|
o
|
lead
plumbum
10 cm
3 cm
o
|
10 cm
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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C
D
8 Diagram 6 shows the arrangement of a radioactive source and a detector to monitor
the thickness of aluminum sheets in a factory.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan satu sumber radioaktif dan satu alat pengesan untuk
memantau ketebalan kepingan aluminium di dalam sebuah kilang.
Which of the following would be most suitable to be used as the radioactive source?
Antara berikut, yang manakah adalah paling sesuai digunakan sebagai sumber
radioaktif itu?
Radiation emitted Half life
aluminum
aluminium
lead
plumbum
aluminum
aluminium
3 cm
o
|
lead
plumbum
10 cm
Roller
Penggelek
Radioactive source
Sumber radioaktif
Aluminum sheet
Kepingan aluminium
Radiation detector
Pengesan sinaran
Counter
Pembilang
Diagram 6
Rajah 6
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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Sinaran yang dipancar Setengah hayat
A alpha 5 days
alfa 5 hari
B gamma 5 years
gama 5 tahun
C beta 5 days
beta 5 hari
D alpha 5 years
alfa 5 tahun
PAPER 2 SECTION A
1 Diagram 1 shows the deflection of three types of radioactive emission in an electric
field.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan pesongan tiga jenis pancaran radioaktif di dalam suatu medan
elektrik.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a) What is the meaning of radioactivity?
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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Apakah maksud keradioaktifan?
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b) (i) Name the type of radioactive emission.
Namakan jenis pancaran radioaktif.
X :
Z:
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) Give one reason why the deflection of Z more than the deflection of X.
Berikan satu sebab kenapa pesongan Z lebih daripada pesongan X.
................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c) In a reactor nuclear, Uranium 235 is bombarded by a neutron produces Barium
141 and Kripton 92 by releasing three neutrons. This reaction experiences a
mass defect.
Dalam suatu tindak balas nuklear, Uranium 235 ditembak dengan satu
neutron menghasilkan Barium 141 dan Kripton 92 dengan membebaskan tiga
neutron. Tindakbalas ini mengalami kecacatan jisim.
(i) Name the type of nuclear reaction.
Namakan jenis tindak balas nuklear ini.
...
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Complete the equation of the reaction by writing the appropriate
number in the boxes provided.
Lengkapkan persamaan tindak balas dengan menulis nombor yang
sesuai dalam kotak yang disediakan.
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iiii) The nuclear reaction of one nucleus of uranium - 235 experiences a
mass defect of 2.988 x 10
-28
kg.
Calculate the energy released in the nuclear reaction. The velocity of
light is 3 x 10
8
ms
-1
.
Tindak balas nuklear bagi satu nucleus uranium - 235 mengalami
kecacatan jisim sebanyak 2.988 x 10
-28
kg.
Hitungkan tenaga yang dibebaskan dalam tindak balas itu. Halaju
cahaya adalah 3 x 10
8
ms
-1
.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d) Radioactive substances give out radiations which are harmful to our body.
Bahan-bahan radioaktif mengeluarkan sinaran yang berbahaya kepada badan
kita.
(i) Suggest one precaution that need to be taken when handling a
radioactive source.
Cadangkan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil semasa
mengendalikan sumber radioaktif.
...............................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 1 (d) (i).
Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan di 1 (d) (i).
............
[1 mark]
PAPER 2 SECTION C
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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2. As a researcher, you are assigned to investigate the characteristics of a certain
radioactive isotope that could be used to detect the thickness of paper in paper
factory.
Sebagai seorang penyelidik, anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri bagi beberapa
isotop radioaktif untuk digunakan sebagai bahan pengesan ketebalan kertas di
sebuah kilang kertas.
(a) What is meant by radioisotope mean?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?
[1 mark]
(b) Table 12 below shows the characteristics of five radioisotopes.
Jadual 12 di bawah menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi lima jenis radi isotop.
Radioisotope
Radioisotop
Characteristics Of Isotope
Ciri-ciri Radioisotop
State of matter
Keadaan jirim
Emitted radiation
Radiasi Pancaran
Half-life
Separuh hayat
Penetrating
power
Kuasa
penembusan
Strontium-90
Solid
Pepejal
Beta
Beta
28 years
28 tahun
Medium
Sederhana
Cobalt-60
Solid
Pepejal
Gamma
Gama
5 years
5 tahun
High
Tinggi
Xenon-133
Gas
Gas
Beta
Beta
5 days
5 hari
High
Tinggi
Water
containing H-3
Liquid
cecair
Beta
Beta
12 years
12 tahun
Medium
Sederhana
Polonium-210
Solid
Pepejal
Alpha
Alfa
140 days
140 hari
Low
Rendah
Table 1
Jadual 1
Based on the table above;
Berdasarkan jadual di atas;
(i) Explain the suitable characteristics of the radioisotopes so that it can be
used to detect the thickness of paper in a paper factory.
Terangkan kesesuaian ciri-ciri radio isotop boleh digunakan untuk
mengesan ketebalan kertas di sebuah kilang kertas.
(ii) Determine the most suitable radioisotope to be used and give your
reason for your choice.
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Tentukan radioisotop yang paling sesuai digunakan dan berikan sebab
bagi pilihan anda.
[10 marks]
(c) Explain the arrangement of the paper thickness detector apparatus and state
how radioactivity is used to detect the thickness of the paper.
Terangkan satu susunan alat radas pengesan ketebalan kertas dan nyatakan
bagaiman radioaktif digunakan untuk mengesan ketebalan kertas.
[4 marks]
(d) Sketch a graph of activity against time to illustrate how radioactive materials
decay. Use your graph to explain how the half-life is determined.
Lakarkan satu graf aktiviti melawan masa bagi menunjukkan pereputan suatu
bahan radioaktif. Gunakan graf anda untuk menerangkan bagaimana separuh
hayat bahan itu dapat ditentukan.
[3 marks]
(e) The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5 years.
Calculate the time taken for the activity of this isotope to decay to 12.5% of its
initial activity.
Separuh hayat bagi kobalt-60 ialah 5 tahun.
Hitungkan masa yang diambil oleh isotop ini untuk menjadi 12.5% daripada
nilai aktiviti asalnya
[2 marks]
3 Radioactive material has some important uses in the field of agriculture such as to
study the effectiveness of fertilizers and control the population of pests.
Bahan radioaktif mempunyai beberapa kegunaan penting dalam bidang pertanian
seperti mengkaji keberkesanan baja dan pengawalan populasi serangga.
(a) A researcher conducted an investigation using posphorus-32 to study the
absorption and movement of fertilizers in the plant.
Diagram 3 shows how radioisotope posphorus-32 is injected to the stem of the
plant. The half-life of posphorus-32 is 14 days and emits |-particles.
Seorang penyelidik telah menjalankan satu penyiasatan menggunakan
fosforus-32 untuk mengkaji penyerapan dan pergerakan baja dalam satu
tumbuhan .
Rajah 3 menunjukkan bagaimana fosforus-32 disuntik kedalam batang
tumbuhan itu. Separuh hayatbagi fosforus-32 ialah 14 hari dan memancarkan
zarah-|
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
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.
Diagram 12
Rajah 12
Based on the information on radioactivity and Diagram 12 :
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam keradioakifan dan Rajah 12:
(i) What is meant by half life?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan separuh hayat?
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) What is |-particles.?
Apakah zarah-| ? 1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iii) Name the most suitable detector could be used to detect |-
particles.
Namakan satu alat pengesan yang paling sesuai digunakan untuk
mengesan zarah-|.
[1 marks]
[1 markah]
(b) The initial posphorus-32 activity is 800 counts per second.
Calculate the time taken for the phosphorus-32 activity to decrease to 50
counts per second.
Keaktifan awal fosforus-32 ialah 800 bilangan per saat.
Hitung masa yang diambil untuk keaktifan fosforus-32 berkurang
menjadi 50 bilangan per saat.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c) The population of pests can be controlled using radiation from radioactive
source.
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You are assigned to study the characteristics of some radioisotopes that are
suitable for use in controlling the population of pests.
Table 2 shows the characteristics of four radioisotopes.
Populasi serangga dapat dikawal dengan menggunakan sinaran radioaktif
dari satu sumber radioaktif.
Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri bagi beberapa radioisotope yang
sesuai untuk digunakan dalam mengawal populasi serangga.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat radioisotop.
Radioisotope
Radioisotope
Characteristics of radioisotope
Ciri-ciri radioisotop
State of matter
Keadaan jirim
Types of ray
Jenis sinar
Half-life
Separuh hayat
Iodine-131
Iodin-131
Liquid
Cecair
Gamma
Gama
8 days
8 hari
Xenon-133
Xenon-133
Solid
pepejal
Beta
Beta
days
5 hari
Cobalt-60
Kobalt-60
Solid
Pepejal
Gamma
Gama
5 years
5 tahun
Strontium-90
Strontium-90
liquid
cecair
Beta
Beta
8 years
8 tahun
Table 2
Jadual 2
Explain the suitability of the characteristics of the radioisotope to be used in
the controlling the population of pests based on the following aspects:
Terangkan kesesuian ciri-ciri radioisotope untuk digunakan dalam mengawal
populasi serangga berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
- State of matter
Keadaan jirim
- Types of ray
Jenis sinar
- Half-life
Separuh hayat
Determine the most suitable radioisotope to be used and give the reason for
your choice.
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
Modul Pecutan Akademik_FIZIK/2012 Page 244
Tentukan radioisotope yang paling sesuai digunakan dan beri sebab bagi
pilihan anda.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]
(c) The following equation shows a fission reaction of Uranium-235.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan satu persamaan tindakbalas pembelahan
nukleus Uranium-235.
(i) What is meant by a nuclear fission?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pembelahan nucleus?
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Nuclear fission produces a chain reaction.
Describe how the chain reaction occurs in a nuclear fission of an
atom of Uranium- 235.
Pembelahan nukleus menghasilkan tindakbalas berantai.
Huraikan bagaimana tindakbalas berantai berlaku dalam pembelahan
satu atom uranium-235.
[4 marks]
[4 markah
(iii) The nuclear energy produced in the fission reaction of uranium-
235 is 2.9 x 10
-11
J.
Calculate the total lost of mass in the reaction.
[ c = 3.0 x 10
8
ms
-1
]
Tenaga nuklear yang dihasilkan dalam tindakbalas pembelahan itu
ialah 2.9 x 10
-11
J.
Hitungkan jumlah kehilangan jisim dalam tindakbalas itu
[ c = 3.0 x 10
8
ms
-1
]
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
CHAPTER 10 : RADIOACTIVITY
S
C
H
E
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
Modul Pecutan Akademik_FIZIK/2012 Page 245
PAPER 1
NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER
1 C 5 C 9 C
2 C 6 D
3 A 7 B
4 A 8 B
PAPER 2 SECTION A
NO SCHEME
SUB
MARK
TOTAL
MARK
1(a) Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of unstable
nucleus with the emission of energetic particles or photons
1 1
(b)(i) X - alpha particle
Z beta particle
1
1
3
(ii) Z is lighter than X 1
(c) (i) Nuclear Fission 1
4
(ii)
1
(iii) E = mc
2
= (2.988 x 10
-11
)(3 x 10
8
)
2
= 2.67 x 10
-11
J
1
1
(d) (i) -strong radioactive substances are handled using remote
controlled mechanical arms from a safe distance //
-weak radioactive substance can be handled by forceps
-workers should wear a special badge //
-wearing protective suits and gears such as gloves, eye
glasses//
1
2
(ii) -to avoid direct contact
- detect the amount of radiation they are exposed to//
* the reason should be related to the answer given in (d)(i)
1
TOTAL MARK 10M
PAPER 2 SECTION C
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
Modul Pecutan Akademik_FIZIK/2012 Page 246
NO SCHEME
SUB
MARK
TOTAL
MARK
2(a) The atoms of an element that contain the same number of
protons but differing number of neutrons are called isotopes. //
The atom number is the same but the nucleon number is
different.
1 1
(b) (i)
& (ii)
- Isotope in the solid form
- it is easily handled and does not make a mess.
- Beta principles
- medium penetration power
- medium penetration power
- able to penetrate paper and less dangerous compared
to gamma rays.
- The half-life of the isotope must be long
- to ensure that the isotope can be used for a longer
period of time.
- Strontium-90
- it is a solid, it emits beta principles, has a half life of
28 years and has medium penetration power.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
(c) Radioactive materials and the radioactive ray detector are
arranged as shown in the diagram. High readings from the
diagrams indicate a thin paper where a low reading indicates a
thick paper.
3
3
(d)
3 3
(e) 100% 50% 25% 12.5%
5 years 5 years 5 years
Time = 3(5 years)
= 15 years
1
1
1
3
TOTAL MARK 20M
NO SCHEME
SUB
MARK
TOTAL
MARK
Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012
Modul Pecutan Akademik_FIZIK/2012 Page 247
3(a)(i) The time taken for half of nucleus radioactive material to
decay.
1
3
(ii) Fast moving electron / electron 1
(iii) Geiger-Muller tube 1
(b)
800 400 - 200 - 100 - 50 // No. of T
1/2
= 4
4 x 14 days / 64 days
1
1
2
(c) - The state of matter of radioisotope is solid.
- Easier to handled.
- Emits gamma-ray.
- Penetrating power is high.
- Long half-life.
- Last longer.
The most suitable radioisotope is Cobalt-60.
- Because the state of matter is solid, emits gamma-ray and
long half-life
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
(d)(i) The process of breaking up of on heavy nucleus into lighter
nucleus.
1
7
(ii) - Neutron bombarded a uranium nucleus //
Diagram
- Three neutrons produced // Diagram
- The new neutron bombarded a new uranium
nucleus // Diagram
- For every reaction, the neutrons produced will
generate a chain reaction // Diagram - 1m
1
1
1
1
(iii) E = mc
2
2.9 x 10
-11
= m x (3.0 x 10
8
)
2
m = 3.22 x 10
-28
kg
1
1
TOTAL MARK 20M