A Bilingual Speaker, Speaks and Writes in Both Languages Equally Well Ananda Rio (K2210005), Dona Achlia (K2210017),

Rahma Fawzia (K2210066)

Abstract Bilingual speaker is one who is able to function in two (or more) languages in monolingual or multilingual communities at the same level as native spekaers and in accordance with the sociocultural demands for communicative and cognitive competence these communities and individual, and who is able to identify positively with both (or all) language groups (and cultures) or parts of them. (Skutnabb-Kangas, 1984a: 90). It means that the speaker uses L1 and L2 when someone whom he speaks with has the same level with him on language mastery. This paper discusses that a bilingual speaker does not always have the same ability in speaking and writing in both languages equally well. In fact, a speaker is more qualified in speaking than writing whether it is L1 or L2. This paper analyzes how bilingual speakers speak and write the two languages they master. Can both languages work equally well in speaking and writing or not? This paper shows that bilingual speaker can not speak and write both languages equally well, because it is something that is difficult to be proved. This paper addresses the factors of bilingulism, and who is potentially be a bilingual speaker.

A. Introduction Bilingual speaker can be founded in many countries of which society uses more than one language in communication. It means the speaker may master two languages equally well. But in the fact, this phenomenon is proven uneasily. L1 may influence the use of L2 or the opposite. This term is called as language interference. A bilingual speaker must have thought about language choice in himself. He knows about two languages. It is all about choices. But language choice according to Fasold (1984: 180) is not as simple as it seems, such as choosing a whole language in a certain communication phenomenon. It can be imagined; someone who masters two languages has to choose which language to be used. For instance, someone who masters Javanese and Indonesia Language has to choose one of two languages when he wants to chat with the other people. Evin-Tripp (1972) identified four main factors as signals of language choice of speaker in social interaction, (1) setting (time and place) and situation; (2) participants in interaction, (3) conversation topic, and (4) function of interaction. B. Theories and Concept

Definition of bilingualism always develops from a tight definition to light definition. Bloomfield in his book, Language (1933) gives limitation of bilingualism as symptom of language mastery like native speaker. This limitation implies that a bilingual speaker is one who masters two languages equally well.

In the opposite, Haugen (1972) states that a bilingual speaker is one who knows about two languages. A bili C. Haugen (1972) merumuskan kedwibahasaan dengan rumusan yang lebih longgar, yaitu tahu dua bahasa. Seorang dwibahasawan tidak harus menguasai secara aktif dua bahasa, penguasaan bahasa kedua secara pasif pun dipandang cukup menjadikan seseorang disebut dwibahasawan. Mengerti dua bahasa dirumuskan sebagai menguasai dua sistem kode yang berbeda dari bahasa yang berbeda atau bahasa yang sama.

D. Problem E. Conclusion