Renewable Energy Systems

Prof. Dr. Mudeem TANRIVEN

Wind power and Wind Energy Plant

Power-Speed Curve
P (kW) 1500 1500/64

P (kW)

1000 600

1000/54

PR

600/42

Wind Speed (m/s) vc-i vR vc-o

Wind Speed (m/s) vc-i vR vc-o

Ideal

In a real system for 3 different rotor types

OPTIMIZATION OF ROTOR DIAMETER AND GENERATOR RATED POWER

P (kW)
P (kW)

PR

PR (PRated)
Max. Power that a Generator can Produce

Wind Power is decreased via Pitch Control or Rotor Blades are Designed as less efficient at High Wind Speed (pasive control)

Rotor Diameter is increased Initial Curve

Same Generator, Bigger Rotor Diameter

v (m/s)

Wind Speed (m/s) vc-i vR (vRated) vc-o

vc-i

vR

vc-o

P (kW) PR

Bigger Generator

This figure can be changed in two ways:

Initial Generator

Same Rotor Diameter, Bigger Generator

v (m/s)

vc-i

vR

vc-o

WIND FARMS
Wind farms includes more than one (several) wind turbine(s) in same region. Advantages of Wind Farms :
Rzgr iftliinin Verimi [%]
100 90

80

+ Lower Cost
+ Easy Connection + Easy Operation and Maintenance Disadvantages and important situations : - Distance between turbines. - Topology of grid connection.

Curve moves upward while n decreases

70
n Wiind Turbines

Saturation range of Curve is between %85%95

60
Curve moves downward while n increases

50 0.0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Distance Between Towers [Rotor Diameter]

This figure shows relationship which is between tower distance and rotor diameter.

% =

100

WIND FARMS
At least turbine affect the other one when the distance which is between them, is 9 times rotor diameter. Annual energy which is produced in wind farm, is calculated using this formula ;
8760

Optimum distance for turbines which are in same row, 3 -5 times, for lines it is 5-9 times rotor diameter.
Wind

=
=1

()

Herein () shows power-speed characteristic of turbines, is the number of turbines, is efficiency of wind farm.

Wind
(59) ti Dia mes R me o ter tor

Wind

(3-5) time Diam s Rotor eter

WIND FARMS
EXAMPLE: In a wind farm, distance between turbines is 4 times rotor diameter . Distance between two different row is 7 times rotor diameter. [4D x 7D matrix]. Wind turbine efficieny is %30 and matrix efficiency is %80 ; a) Compute the annual energy production per area [ Wind Power at Rotor hub height (50): 400W/m2 (Wind class 4)] b)When area is rented for 100$/Hectares, compute the rent cost for every single kwh.

SOLUTION:
7D 7D

4D
Area for one Turbine Wind Turbine

4D

WIND FARMS

WIND FARMS
Grid Connection of Wind Turbines. There are two connection types : 1) Radial Network 2) Ring Network
Seperator Seperator Seperator

Topology 2 (Radial)
Rzgr Trbini

Topology 1 (Radial)
Radial Feeder
Seperator

Double Branched Radial Feeder

Breaker Transformer LV/MV or MV/HV

Breaker

Seperator

Seperator

Seperator

Seperator

Seperat or

Breaker Transformer LV/MV or MV/HV

Breaker

Grid Connection Bus

Wind Turbine

Grid Connection Bus

Wind Turbine

+Economic

- Less Reliable

+ Better reliability

- Out of order when main break is open

WIND FARMS
Topology 3 (Radial)
Wind Turbine

Topology 4 (Ring)
Wind Turbine

Seperato r

Seperator

Seperator Breaker

Main Feeder

Seperator

Seperato r

Seperator Breaker

Sub-Feeder
Breaker Breaker Transformer LV/MV or MV/HV

Ring Fider

Sub-Feeder
Seperato r Seperator Seperato r Breaker

Breaker Transformer LV/MV or MV/HV

Breaker

Seperator

Seperator

Grid Connection Bus

Seperato r

Breaker

Grid Connection Bus

Wind Turbine

Wind Turbine

+Better Reliability using breakers in every branch.

+ When a fault occurs in a point of grid, system is still energized .