Homogenic

Homogenic
Homogenic
Studio album by Bjrk Released September 22, 1997

Recorded August 1996 August 1997 at El Cortijo Studios in Mlaga, Spain Genre Length Label Alternative dance, trip hop 43:35 One Little Indian [1]

Producer Bjrk, Mark Bell, Guy Sigsworth, Howie B, Markus Dravs Bjrk chronology

Telegram Homogenic Selmasongs (1996) (1997) (2000)

Singles from Homogenic 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

"Jga"
Released: September 1997

"Bachelorette"
Released: December 1997

"Hunter"
Released: March 1998

"Alarm Call"
Released: October 1998

"All Is Full of Love"

Released: June 1999

Homogenic is the fourth studio album by Icelandic musician Bjrk, released in September 1997. Produced by Bjrk, Mark Bell, Guy Sigsworth, Howie B and Markus Dravs, it was released on One Little Indian Records. The music of Homogenic was a new style for Bjrk, focusing on similar sounding music combining electronic beats and string instruments with songs in tribute to her native country Iceland. Homogenic was originally to be produced in her home in London, but was later recorded in Spain. Homogenic marked the first of several production collaborations between Mark Bell and Bjrk, whom Bjrk would cite as a major influence on her musical career. The album peaked at number twenty-eight on the Billboard 200, and at number four on the UK Albums Chart. Five singles were released from Homogenic: "Jga", "Bachelorette", "Hunter", "Alarm Call" and "All Is Full of Love". Homogenic was highly acclaimed on its initial release and continues to be praised by critics, with Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine stating that "if not the greatest electronic album of all time, it's certainly the greatest of its decade".[2]

Homogenic

Production
Maida Vale sessions
After an extensive tour in 1996, Bjrk returned to her home in Maida Vale with an urgent need to write new songs as a form of therapy.[3] Bjrk would let audio engineer Markus Dravs into her home studio to start creating new songs. Bjrk wanted to create an album with "a simple sound" and "only one flavour".[3] The album began with the working title of Homogeneous, but Bjrk shortly afterwards changed it to Homogenic.[3] The sessions with Dravs and Bjrk were casual, with Bjrk allowing Dravs freedom with the album. Bjrk only left the studio to cook meals for the both of them.[4] One of the first songs created during the sessions was "5 Years" which Dravs created the fast beat for.[4] The progress of Homogenic in these sessions was halted due to a media sensation caused by the suicide of Bjrk's stalker Ricardo Lpez.[5][6] To deal with the stress of being at home during this incident, Bjrk imagined herself as the protagonist in a Spanish soap opera.[6] The character's image inspired a song titled "So Broken" which she sang to herself in her kitchen.[6] The song was later included on the Japanese import of the album.[7]

Mlaga sessions
To record in privacy away from the sudden unwanted media interest, Bjrk's tour drummer Trevor Morais offered his studio in Spain. Bjrk went to Mlaga and arranged to meet with flamenco guitarist Raimundo Amador.[6] Bjrk had originally intended to stay in Mlaga only briefly, but later decided to record the entirety of Homogenic there.[6] Bjrk made a final trip out of the country before staying in Spain. As she had done since moving to London, Bjrk returned to Iceland for Christmas.[6] While there, she wrote more new songs for Homogenic, including "Jga".[8] Before returning to Spain to record, Bjrk was sidetracked by a two week worldwide press tour for the promotion of her remix album Telegram, which had just been released.[9] After returning to the studio in Spain in late January, Bjrk decided that producer Nellee Hooper, who had produced both Debut and Post, would not return, as Bjrk stated that they had "both stopped surprising each other".[10][11][12] Bjrk had intended to produce the album alone, but she abandoned the idea and sought out a group of close collaborators including Dravs, Howie B, Guy Sigsworth and LFO's Mark Bell.[10] Howie B had worked with Bjrk previously on Debut and Post and Sigsworth had played harpsichord on Post.[11][12] The American hip hop group Wu-Tang Clan almost contributed to the production of Homogenic, but were unable to due to their production on the album Wu-Tang Forever, which had taken longer than planned.[10] Most of the melodies on the album were created mentally by Bjrk, who then composed string sections on a Casio keyboard and brought them to programmers who would add suitable rhythmic patterns.[13] Bjrk desired to have Mark Bell contribute to her albums Debut and Post, only finding him available for Homogenic.[14] Mark Bell was credited for the majority of the album's production, including the songs "Pluto", "Alarm Call", and the bass line in "Jga". Bjrk stated about her collaboration with Bell that she "trusts and respects what [Bell] does for me. If I were to say who has influenced me most it would be Stockhausen, Kraftwerk, Brian Eno and Mark Bell".[10] Other unorthodox methods of recording were used during the production, including Bjrk wanting to record outside on the porch and using non-professionals to help aid with production, such as Rebecca Storey, who was hired as a babysitter, but added to the production staff after showing interest in the equipment.[15][16] String arrangements were added late in the recording process.[16] Bjrk had friend Eumir Deodato conduct, transcribe and compose original pieces for the few songs that Bjrk did not arrange for herself.[16] To keep with the Icelandic theme of the album, Bjrk ordered the services of the Icelandic String Octet.[16] By June 1997, the album was behind schedule and Bjrk was uncertain of the final track listing and unhappy with some of the recorded vocals.[17]

Homogenic

Style
Before production began on Homogenic, Bjrk wanted to create an album with "a simple sound" and "only one flavour".[3] Heather Phares of Allmusic described the sound of Homogenic as a "fusion of chilly strings (courtesy of the Icelandic String Octet), stuttering, abstract beats, and unique touches like accordion and glass harmonica".[1] The album differs from her previous two releases stylistically, and Neva Chonin of Rolling Stone stated the album was "certain to be rough going for fans looking for the sweet melodies and peppy dance collages of her earlier releases".[18] Bjrk wanted Homogenic to have a conceptual focus on her native Iceland. Producer Markus Dravs recalled Bjrk wanting it to sound like "rough volcanoes with soft moss growing all over it..."[3] In an interview for Oor, Bjrk explained that "in Iceland, everything revolves around nature, 24 hours a day. Earthquakes, snowstorms, rain, ice, volcanic eruptions, geysers... Very elementary and uncontrollable. But at the other hand, Iceland is incredibly modern; everything is hi-tech. The number of people owning a computer is as high as nowhere else in the world. That contradiction is also on Homogenic. The electronic beats are the rhythm, the heartbeat. The violins create the old-fashioned atmosphere, the colouring."[19][20] Bjrk's vocals on Homogenic range from primitive sounding screams to a traditional singing method used by Icelandic choir men, a combination of speaking and singing as illustrated in the song "Unravel".[21][22] The majority of songs on Homogenic have lyrics about love and failed relationships. The song "Jga" was written as a tribute to her best friend and tour masseuse of the same name.[8] Bjrk called "All is Full of Love" a song about "believing in love" and that "Love isn't just about two persons. It's everywhere around you".[23] "All Neon Like" contains snippets of a poem Bjrk wrote called "Techno Prayer" in 1996. The song "5 Years" appeared in live form a few weeks after her breakup with musician Tricky and music journalists considered it a response to it.[1][24] "Bachelorette" was originally written for director Bernardo Bertolucci for his film Stealing Beauty.[24] Bjrk later faxed Bertolucci, informing him the song would be used for her album instead.[24] "Bachelorette" and "Jga" were written with Icelandic poet Sjn, because Bjrk wanted to use epic lyrics.[24][25] "Immature" was written about mistakes in past relationships, shortly after the breakup with Goldie.[26] Bjrk described "Pluto" as about "being plastered, that need to destroy everything so you can start again".[27] "Unravel" is a song about lamenting love, with brief flashes of hope.[28] The themes of the album are reflected in the album cover designed by Alexander McQueen.[29] Bjrk approached McQueen explaining to him the person who wrote Homogenic's songs was someone who "had to become a warrior. A warrior who had to fight not with weapons, but with love. I had 10 kilos of hair on my head, and special contact lenses and a manicure that prevented me from eating with my fingers, and gaffer tape around my waist and high clogs so I couldn't walk easily".[29]

Release
Homogenic was released later than One Little Indian Records had intended. Bjrk was behind schedule and the album's cover design by Nick Knight needed a reshoot.[17] Towards the end of August 1997, One Little Indian delayed the album by a month.[17] Homogenic was released on September 22, 1997 on One Little Indian in the United Kingdom and on September 23 Elektra Records in North America on compact disc and cassette.[1][30][31][32] The album was later issued on vinyl and DualDisc formats.[1] The Japanese import version of Homogenic included several bonus tracks and remixed versions of songs.[7] The DualDisc release featured the full album on the CD side and the DVD side included the album with superior sound quality and the music videos for the singles.[33] On the album's initial release, it charted in the United States on October 11, 1997, and stayed in the charts for nine weeks peaking at number 28.[34] Homogenic entered the charts in Canada for one week at number 20.[34][35] In the United Kingdom, Homogenic entered the charts on October 4, 1997, stayed in the charts for thirteen weeks and peaked at number four.[36] Of the ten songs on Homogenic, five were released as singles. A music video for "Jga" directed by Michel Gondry was filmed in the middle of 1997 and was the first single for the album.[37][38] "Bachelorette" was released in December 1997 with another music video directed by Gondry.[38] In 1998, two

Homogenic singles were released: "Hunter", which had a music video directed by Paul White, and "Alarm Call", which had a video directed by Alexander McQueen.[38] The final single from Homogenic was "All Is Full of Love", released in 1999 with a music video directed by Chris Cunningham.[38] "Jga" was the only single to not chart in the United Kingdom and "All Is Full of Love" was the only single to chart in the United States, peaking at number eight the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart.[36][39] In Canada, the Canadian Recording Industry Association certified Homogenic as a gold record on June 12, 1998, and in the United States the RIAA certified the album as Gold on August 31, 2001.[40][41]

Tour
When the release of Homogenic was delayed by a month, its tour began with the audience not being familiar with the album's songs since it had not been released yet.[17] The tour started at the beginning of September with a backing band that consisted only of Mark Bell and made stops in Germany, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Spain, and England. These shows were brief live shows lasting about half an hour consisting of only new material.[17] Another tour took place in late October and lasted less than four weeks. Stops on this tour included Italy, Switzerland, France, England, Scotland, Germany, Ireland, and Bjrk performing at Ruisrock, Turku, Finland on [42] Denmark.[43] In late November, Bjrk was diagnosed with a kidney June 28, 1998. infection and while she was still healthy she was advised to take a three week rest and was forced to cancel her American tour.[43] In 1998, a North American tour with Radiohead was announced but canceled later due to difficulty of changing the stage between performances of the acts.[44] Bjrk had another tour in the middle of 1998 through Europe, and outside of the continent through other countries, including Chile, Brazil and Argentina.[44] Opening acts for portions of the tour included electronic musician -Ziq.[45]

Reception
Professional ratings Review scores
Source Allmusic The A.V. Club Robert Christgau Entertainment Weekly NME Pitchfork Media Rolling Stone Slant Magazine Spin Tiny Mix Tapes (9/10) [51] [52] (A) (mixed) Rating [1] [46]

[47] [48] [49] [50] [18] [2]

(9/10)

(9.9/10)

Homogenic Homogenic has been met with acclaim by critics since its initial release, winning multiple awards, as well as being placed on several "best of" charts. The album was nominated in the Best Alternative Music Performance category at the 1998 Grammy Awards, losing to Radiohead's OK Computer.[53][54] Michel Gondry's music video for "Bachelorette" was nominated for best Best Short Form Music Video at the 1999 Grammy Awards, but lost to Jonas kerlund's video for the Madonna song "Ray of Light".[55][56] Homogenic landed Bjrk the award for Best International Female at the BRIT Awards where she accepted the award stating "I am grateful grapefruit".[44] Initial critical reception was positive. Entertainment Weekly gave the album an A rating, stating that "Homogenic could have been stuffy and dull Sting with a sex-change operation. It's a testament to Bjork's continued weirdness that even overtures toward adulthood come out delightfully skewed".[48] Rolling Stone gave the album four stars out of five, calling it "one of the boldest and most exciting albums of the year".[18] NME gave the album a nine out of ten rating, noting the record as "probably her most weird, it is also her best....It is here...that Bjork has delivered her most emotional, highly-charged and groovy record, as well as a stinging triumph for the spirit of adventure."[49] A more negative review came from Stephen Thompson of The A.V. Club, who said "Homogenic is stylish enough, and it's as restlessly creative as you'd expect, but the album rarely gives Bjrk's songs a chance to assert themselves".[46] American critics rated Homogenic highly in end of the year polls. In Village Voice's Pazz & Jop critics' poll of 1997, the album placed at number nine.[57] Spin ranked the album at number four on their list of "Top 20 Albums of the Year".[58] British critics listed the album in similar polls, with Melody Maker ranking the album at number thirty-three on their list of "Albums of the Year" and NME placed the album at number fifteen in its Critics' Poll.[59][60] Later reception to the album has also been generally positive. Ryan Schrieber of Pitchfork Media gave Homogenic a 9.9 out of 10 rating, claiming the album was "absolutely brilliant".[50] In 2002, Homogenic placed at number ten on Slant Magazine's list of "The Greatest Electronic Albums of the 20th Century".[61] In 2003, Homogenic placed on number 21 on the music webzine Pitchfork Media's list of the top one hundred albums of the 1990s, claiming it as "one of the most perfectly formed records of any era, and it is entirely possible that Bjrk will never approach this level of consistently enrapturing beauty again".[62] In 2007, Slant Magazine gave the highest possible rating of five out of five stars, describing the album as "gorgeous and evocative" and praising it as one of the best albums of the 1990s.[2] In a career retrospective in 2007, Spin gave the album five out of five stars.[63] In 2011, Slant Magazine placed the album at number one on their list of best albums of the 1990s.[64]

Track listing
All songs written and composed by Bjrk,[1][30] except where otherwise noted.
No. Title 1. "Hunter" 2. "Jga" 3. "Unravel" 4. "Bachelorette" 5. "All Neon Like" 6. "5 Years" 7. "Immature" (Mark Bell's Version) 8. "Alarm Call" 9. "Pluto" 10. "All Is Full of Love" (Howie's Version) Bjrk, Mark Bell Bjrk, Sjn Bjrk, Guy Sigsworth Bjrk, Sjn Writer(s) Length 4:15 5:05 3:21 5:12 5:53 4:29 3:06 4:19 3:20 4:32

Homogenic

Japanese bonus tracks (for initial pressing only) No. Title 11. "Jga" (Howie B Main Mix) 12. "Sod Off" 13. "Immature" (Bjrk's Version)

[7][65] Writer(s) Bjrk, Sjn Length 5:00 2:54 2:48 5:59 Bjrk, Bell Bjrk, Sjn 3:39 8:44

14. "So Broken" (featuring Raimundo Amador) 15. "Nature Is Ancient" 16. "Jga" (Alec Empire Remix)

DualDisc/Surrounded No. Title 1. "Hunter" (Dolby Surround Mix) 2. "Jga" (Dolby Surround Mix) 3. "Unravel" (Dolby Surround Mix) 4. "Bachelorette" (Dolby Surround Mix) 5. "All Neon Like" (Dolby Surround Mix) 6. "5 Years" (Dolby Surround Mix) 7. "Immature" (Mark Bell's Version) (Dolby Surround Mix) 8. "Alarm Call" (Dolby Surround Mix) 9. "Pluto" (Dolby Surround Mix) 10. "All Is Full of Love" (video version) (Dolby Surround Mix) 11. "Jga" (music video) 12. "Bachelorette" (music video) 13. "Hunter" (music video) 14. "Alarm Call" (music video) 15. "All Is Full of Love" (music video) Bjrk, Mark Bell Bjrk, Sjn Bjrk, Guy Sigsworth Bjrk, Sjn Writer(s) Length 4:15 5:05 3:17 5:15 5:53 4:29 3:06 4:19 3:21 4:46

Personnel
Alasdair Alloy glass harmonica Vaughan Armon violin Mark Bell keyboards Sigurbjorn Bernhardsson violin Mark Berrow violin Bjrk keyboards Mike Brittain bass Jeffrey Bryant horn Roger Chase viola Ben Cruft violin

Sigrun Edvaldsdottir violin Paul Gardhaim bass Roger Garland violin

Homogenic Wilfred Gibson violin Isobel Griffiths orchestra contractor Sigurdur Bjarki Gunnarsson cello Hrund Hardardottir viola Bill Hawkes viola Steve Henderson timbales, tympani Paul Kegg cello Yasuhiro Kobayashi accordion Peter Lale viola Chris Laurence bass Helen Liebmann cello Martin Loveday cello Alasdair Malloy glass harmonica Perry Mason violin Jim McLeod violin Perry Montague-Mason violin Trevor Morais drums, electronic drums Jon R. Ornolfsson cello Peter Oxer violin Paul Pritchard bass Maciej Rakowski violin Frank Ricotti snare drums George Robertson viola Guy Sigsworth clavichord, keyboards, pipe organ Moeidur Anna Sigurdardottir viola Una Sveinbjarnardottir violin Mike Thompson horn Sif Tulinius violin John Tunnell cello Helen Tunstall harp Gavyn Wright violin

Production
Howie B programming, producer, mixing Mark Bell programming, producer, drum programming, crew Bjrk arranger, producer Danny Joe Brown Band programming, mixing assistant Richard Brown programming Kirsten Cowie mixing assistant, assistant Deodato arranger, orchestration, transcription Marius de Vries programming Markus Dravs programming, producer, engineer, drum programming, crew Katy England stylist Jason Groucott mixing assistant, assistant Nick Knight photography

James Loughrey mixing assistant, assistant Alexander McQueen art direction

Homogenic Sie Medway-Smith mixing assistant, assistant Rob Murphy mixing assistant, assistant Russel Polden mixing assistant, assistant Steve Price engineer Guy Sigsworth producer Tony Stanton copyist Mark "Spike" Stent mixing, crew Rebecca Storey mixing assistant, assistant Paul Walton mixing assistant Jason Westbrook mixing assistant, assistant

Charts
Album
Chart (1997) Peak Reference position 20 2 3 4 28 [35] [66] [67] 1998 "Hunter" UK Albums Chart US Billboard 200 [36] [35] "Alarm Call" 1999 "All Is Full of Love" 44 33 24 8 1997 "Jga" "Bachelorette"

Singles
Year Song Peak positions
UK US Hot Dance Singles

Canadian Albums Chart French Albums Chart Norwegian Albums Chart

[36] [39] 21

"" denotes releases that did not chart.

Notes
[1] Phares, Heather. "((( Homogenic > Review )))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r312930). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2009-04-02. [2] Cinquemani, Sal. "Slant Magazine Music Review: Bjrk: Homogenic" (http:/ / www. slantmagazine. com/ music/ review/ bjork-homogenic/ 234). Slant Magazine. . Retrieved 2009-04-08. [3] Pytlik, 2003. p.119 [4] Pytlik, 2003. p.120 [5] Colin, Chris (05-01-2001). "Salon.com People Bjrk" (http:/ / archive. salon. com/ people/ bc/ 2001/ 05/ 01/ bjork/ print. html). Salon.com. . Retrieved 2009-04-07. [6] Pytlik, 2003. p.121 [7] Thompson, Dave. "((( Homogenic (Japan Bonus Tracks) > Overview )))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r403653). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2009-04-02. [8] Pytlik, 2003. p.122 [9] Pytlik, 2003. p.123 [10] Pytlik, 2003. p.124 [11] "allmusic (((Debut > Credits)))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r184600). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2009-04-07. [12] "allmusic (((Post > Credits)))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r216082). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2009-04-07. [13] Pytlik, 2003. p.126 [14] "Mark Bell / LFO Interview" (http:/ / www. themilkfactory. co. uk/ interviews/ lfoiw. htm). The Milk Factory. June 2002. . Retrieved 2009-07-05. [15] Pytlik, 2003. p.127 [16] Pytlik, 2003. p.128 [17] Pytlik, 2003. p.129

Homogenic
[18] Chonin, Neva (1997-10-03). "Homogenic Bjrk: Review: Rolling Stone" (http:/ / www. rollingstone. com/ music/ albumreviews/ homogenic-19971003). Rolling Stone. Archived (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20090317075015/ http:/ / www. rollingstone. com/ artists/ bjork/ albums/ album/ 160171/ review/ 5941298/ homogenic) from the original on 2009-03-17. . Retrieved 2009-04-09. [19] Oor. September 1997. [20] "Bjrk:albums:Homogenic:Icelandic techno" (http:/ / unit. bjork. com/ specials/ albums/ homogenic/ ). Muziekkrant OOR. September 1997. . Retrieved 2009-04-10. [21] Lysloff, 2003. p.183 [22] Lysloff, 2003. p.194 [23] Pytlik, 2003. p.170 [24] Pytlik, 2003. p.169 [25] Pytlik, 2003. p.174 [26] Pytlik, 2003. p.182 [27] Pytlik, 2003. p.190 [28] Pytlik, 2003. p.196 [29] "Bjrk:about:Homogenic:About the album cover" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20100326035612/ http:/ / www. bjork. com/ facts/ about/ right. php?id=1018). Chicago Sun Times. May 15, 1998. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. bjork. com/ facts/ about/ right. php?id=1018) on March 29, 2006. . Retrieved 2009-07-08. [30] Homogenic (Linear notes). Elektra. 1997. CD62061. [31] "Certified Awards Search [search for 'Homogenic' (http:/ / www. bpi. co. uk/ certifiedawards/ search. aspx)"]. BPI. . Retrieved May 3, 2010. [32] Smith, Ethan (8 September 1997). "Fall Preview Pop Music" (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=FegCAAAAMBAJ). New York Magazine 30 (34): 105. . Retrieved 2009-04-15. "Bjrk, Homogenic, (Elektra, September 23)" [33] Phares, Heather. "((( Homogenic (Dualdisc) > Overview )))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r845471). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2009-04-08. [34] "Homogenic - Bjrk: Billboard.com" (http:/ / www. billboard. com/ #/ album/ bjrk/ homogenic/ 261367). Billboard. . Retrieved September 16, 2009. [35] "((( Homogenic > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums )))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r312930). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2009-04-08. [36] Warwick, 2004. p.140 [37] Pytlik, 2003. p.131 [38] "bjrk:albums:Homogenic" (http:/ / unit. bjork. com/ specials/ albums/ homogenic/ ). bjork.com. . Retrieved 2009-04-08. [39] "((( Homogenic > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles )))" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ album/ r312930). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2009-04-08. [40] "CRIA website. Search for "Homogenic"" (http:/ / www. cria. ca/ cert_db_search. php). CRIA. . Retrieved 2009-04-09. [41] "RIAA website. Search for "Homogenic"" (http:/ / www. riaa. com/ goldandplatinumdata. php?table=SEARCH). RIAA. . Retrieved 2009-04-09. [42] "bjork.com : gigOgraphy" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080219022146/ http:/ / www. bjork. com/ facts/ gigography/ sub. php?date=1998-06-28). bjork.com. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. bjork. com/ facts/ gigography/ sub. php?date=1998-06-28) on February 19, 2008. . Retrieved 2009-05-30. [43] Pytlik, 2003. p.132 [44] Pytlik, 2003. p.133 [45] Bidaye, Prasad (September 1999). "Destination Out: Experimental & Avant-garde reviews: -ziq: Royal Astronomy" (http:/ / www. exclaim. ca/ musicreviews/ generalreview. aspx?csid2=847& fid1=6777& csid1=103). Exclaim!. . Retrieved September 3, 2009. [46] Thompson, Steven (1997). "Homogenic" (http:/ / www. avclub. com/ articles/ homogenic,17980/ ). Music A.V. Club. . Retrieved 2009-04-09. [47] Christgau, Robert. "Review: Homogenic" (http:/ / www. robertchristgau. com/ get_artist. php?id=149& name=Bjrk). Robert Christgau. . Retrieved 12 June 2009. [48] Browne, David (1997-09-26). "Homogenic Music Review Entertainment Weekly" (http:/ / www. ew. com/ ew/ article/ 0,,289560,00. html). Entertainment Weekly. . Retrieved 2009-04-09. [49] NME: 54. 20 September 1997. "9 (out of 10) - "...her third solo album, HOMOGENIC, is probably her most weird, it is also her best....It is here...that Bjork has delivered her most emotional, highly-charged and groovy record, as well as a stinging triumph for the spirit of adventure.")" [50] Schrieber, Ryan. "Homogenic: Pitchfork" (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5g3suOZf7). Pitchfork Media. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. pitchforkmedia. com/ record-reviews/ b/ bjork/ homogenic. shtml) on 2009-04-15. . Retrieved 2009-04-15. [51] Hunter, James (September 1997). "SPIN" (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=G-86CzNjg9cC& pg=PA135). Spin: 135. . Retrieved 2009-04-15. "9 (out of 10) - "...the 31-year-old Reykjavik native's new album delves deeply into hip-hop, flies in orchestras, and proves that the electronic generation will yield much more than a string of dance epiphanies..."" [52] "Review: Homogenic" (http:/ / www. tinymixtapes. com/ music-review/ bj-rk-homogenic). Tiny Mix Tapes. . Retrieved 7 July 2012. [53] Randall, p. 251, 255

Homogenic
[54] Bresica, Joe (25 January 1998). "NOTICED; Barefoot Road To Glory" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 1998/ 01/ 25/ style/ noticed-barefoot-road-to-glory. html?partner=rssnyt& emc=rss). The New York Times. . Retrieved 2009-04-15. "Her album Homogenic has been nominated for a Grammy for best alternative-music performance." [55] "1999 Grammy Nominations" (http:/ / www. nme. com/ news/ lauryn-hill/ 772). NME. 1998-11-27. . Retrieved 2009-04-09. [56] "Grammy Award Winners (Page 2)" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070313132634/ http:/ / www. grammy. com/ GRAMMY_Awards/ Winners/ Results. aspx?title=& winner=madonna& year=0& genreID=0& hp=1). Grammy.com. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. grammy. com/ GRAMMY_Awards/ Winners/ Results. aspx?title=& winner=Madonna& year=0& genreID=0& hp=1) on March 13, 2007. . Retrieved 2009-04-09. [57] Christgau, Robert (1998-02-28). "Robert Christgau: Pazz & Jop 1997:Critics Poll" (http:/ / www. robertchristgau. com/ xg/ pnj/ pjres97. php). Village Voice. . Retrieved 2009-04-09. [58] Spin: 86. January 1998. [59] NME: 7879. December 1997. [60] Melody Maker: 6667. December 1997. [61] Cinquemani, Sal (2002). "2520: The 25 Greatest Electronic Albums of the 20th Century : Slant Magazine" (http:/ / www. slantmagazine. com/ music/ feature/ 2520-the-25-greatest-electronic-albums-of-the-20th-century/ 191/ page_2). Slant Magazine. . Retrieved 2010-01-26. [62] Leone, Dominique (2003-11-23). "Pitchfork: Top 100 Albums of the 1990s" (http:/ / pitchfork. com/ features/ staff-lists/ 5923-top-100-albums-of-the-1990s/ 8/ ). Pitchfork Media. . Retrieved 2009-04-09. [63] "Bjrk Discography" (http:/ / books. google. ca/ books?id=9hzCYGgoKQIC). Spin (SPIN Media LLC) 23 (6): 74. June 2007. ISSN0886-3032. . Retrieved July 16, 2010. [64] "Best Albums of the '90s" (http:/ / www. slantmagazine. com/ music/ feature/ best-albums-of-the-90s/ 251/ page_10). Slant Magazine. February 14, 2011. . Retrieved February 18, 2011. [65] "Bjrk Homogenic (Japan Bonus Tracks) Album" (http:/ / www. mtv. com/ music/ artist/ bjork/ albums. jhtml?albumId=588499). MTV. . Retrieved 2009-04-02. [66] "Lescharts.com Bjrk - Homogenic" (http:/ / lescharts. com/ showitem. asp?interpret=Bjrk& titel=Homogenic& cat=a). lescharts.com. Retrieved 5 May 2009. [67] http:/ / lista. vg. no/ liste/ topp-40-album/ 2/ dato/ 1997/ uke/ 40

10

References
Pytlik, Mark (2003). Bjrk: Wow and Flutter (http://books.google.com/?id=bill263dqDAC). ECW Press. ISBN1-55022-556-1. Warwick, Neil; Jon Kutner, & Tony Brown (2004). The Complete Book of the British Charts: Singles and Albums (http://books.google.com/?id=ib4MyAIpe3MC). Omnibus Press. ISBN1-84449-058-0. Lysloff, Ren T. A.; Leslie C. Gay (2003). Music and technoculture (http://books.google.com/ ?id=MPRBF1wqmcoC). Wesleyan University Press. ISBN0-8195-6514-8. Randall, Mac (2000). Exit Music: The Radiohead Story (http://books.google.com/?id=ib4MyAIpe3MC). Delta. ISBN0-385-33393-5.

External links
Homogenic (http://unit.bjork.com/specials/albums/homogenic/) at bjork.com Homogenic (http://www.google.com/musicl?lid=UlKmLExKH_O&aid=0p4L5uFGJn) at Google music Homogenic (http://rateyourmusic.com/release/album/bjork/homogenic/) at Rate Your Music

Article Sources and Contributors

11

Article Sources and Contributors

Homogenic Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=526399793 Contributors: APPER, Akrabbim, AndrewAllen15, AndrewHowse, Andrzejbanas, AnemoneProjectors, Angeldeb82, Antitext, Ariasne, BD2412, BittersweetJoJo, Blue Dream, Bobblewik, C777, Caladonia, CapitalLetterBeginning, Chairman S., Ckatz, Climberat, Cmdrjameson, Cynic 74, D bovair1988, Dachy, DanWiki2011, Drmies, Eguinho, El C, Elednist, Ericorbit, Escobillo, FerventDove, Flipjargendy, Flygui, Fran Heunther, Fritz Saalfeld, Geoking66, Harro, Hekerui, Imroy, Indopug, JAB991, JPayneSmith, Jackcocoon, Jogers, Joo Neves, JustAGal, KJBracey, Keraunoscopia, KnightRider, Koavf, Lake bolt, Lzrbiim, M.C. Brown Shoes, MSGJ, Malconfort, Mareklug, MegX, Mel Etitis, Michael Devore, Mike Selinker, Mitchell Is A Giraffe, Mrperfect125, Negative1, Nekoangel16, Novldp, Oagersnap, Oli Filth, P4k, PEJL, Ppk80, RalfiParpa, Rhobite, Rich Farmbrough, RichLow, Rosalien, ScudLee, Shenme, Smilingsuzy, Son of Somebody, Soul Crusher, Spaceman Sam, Spellmaster, Sposato, Ss112, Svosyemnadstatiy, Swanrizla, Swidly, Tarnas, Tassedethe, Template namespace initialisation script, TheLadyRaven, Tiefighter, Tokek, Treybien, UndDerMarlena, Vancho, Veniyanwarrior, Wolf111lion, Woohookitty, XDRory, XMandylionx, XayaneXeX, Xen0phile, Zenohockey, Zensufi, 170 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Bjrk ruisrockissa 1998.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bjrk_ruisrockissa_1998.jpg License: unknown Contributors: File:Star full.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Star_full.svg License: unknown Contributors: File:Black star.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Black_star.svg License: unknown Contributors: File:Star empty.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Star_empty.svg License: unknown Contributors: -

License
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