Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff

Fermentation of waste and organic substrates from agriculture

technical possibilities and potential for the production of
regenerative energy
1. Introduction - substrates and biogas yields
2. Fermentation plants for organic substrates
3. Practical experience
4. Summary
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Types of organic waste and other substrate for biogasplants
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Types of organic waste and other substrate for biogasplants
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Hereby means: +: suitable, -: not suitable, (+): limited suitability
Types of organic waste and other substrate for biogasplants
www.IEKrW.de
http://www.biware.hs-bremen.de/
http://www.renew.hs-bremen.de/
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Biogas yield from
organic waste
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Types of organic waste and other substrate for biogasplants
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Problem with the biological system
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Verfahren
Simple bio-gas plant for production of cooking
gas for a single household
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Typs of biogasplants
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Agricultural biogas plants
Source: Biogas Weser-Ems GmbH
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Biogas plant, Radeberg
Co-fermentation of clarification sludge
and biowaste
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
21
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Exemple: Dry fermentation, percolation process (BEKON)
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
batch-process
inoculation with substrate
from the batch-
fermentation before
without pre-crushing
without sepatration of
interfering substances
without biogas-storage
..., simple process
Typs of biogasplants
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Material flow analysis, with regard to the dry substance
29,5 %
biogas
6,7 % sand
8,8 %
interfering
substances
55,0 %
water
phases
Biowaste
14,2 %
fermentation rest
85,8 % biogas
Contents of
fat separator
70,2 %
fermentation
rest
Clarification
sludge
29,8 %
biogas
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Comparison of
limit values and
target values for
clarification
sludge used in
argiculture with
mean heavy metal
content in
fermentation
sludge of the
Radeberg co-
fermentation plant
Types of organic waste and other substrate for biogasplants
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Old power station and environmental risk of
using fossil fuel for electricity generation
Martin Wittmaier, Sebastian Wolff
Summary
There is a wide range of organic substrates with a high biogas potential.
Plant designs are available for the most diverse applications (from individual homes to
large-scale industry).
A sustainable infrastructure for organic waste management can be put in place with biogas
plants
Decentralised plants have a positive effect on regional development (jobs, fiscal revenues,
decentralised electricity and thermal energy production).
Primary energy sources (fossil fuels) are replaced by renewables, thus combating global
warming and conserving non-renewable resources.
High quality fertiliser is produced from secondary raw materials, which substitutes for
mineral fertiliser (e.g. phosphate). They:
are sanitised, contain no germinating plant seeds and are free of pathogens (tobacco
mosaic virus, Salmonella ...)
have a low pollutant content (depending on the materials used)
are well tolerated by plants, form humus, and help to prevent soil errosion.