wtm369 Homework 11 Helleloid (58250) 1

This print-out should have 14 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page nd all choices
before answering.
001 10.0 points
What is the minimum value of the product
P = xy when
y = 3 + 4x ?
1. minimum value =
3
4
2. minimum value =
9
16
correct
3. minimum value =
13
16
4. minimum value =
9
16
5. minimum value =
3
4
6. minimum value =
13
16
Explanation:
When y = 3 + 4x,
P = xy = x(3 + 4x) = 3x + 4x
2
.
Now the minimum value of P will occur at a
critical point of P, i.e., at the solution, x
0
, of
P

(x) = 3 + 8x = 0 ,
in other words when
x
0
=
3
8
.
Since
P

(x
0
) = 8 > 0 ,
we thus see that
minimum value =
9
16
.
002 10.0 points
A Pine Car Derby car rolls along a track
with velocity
v(t) = 3 + 2t t
2
feet per second. If it starts at time t = 0,
after how many seconds will its position be
maximized?
1. t = 3 seconds correct
2. t = 0 seconds
3. t = 9 seconds
4. t = 2 seconds
5. none of these
6. t = 1 second
Explanation:
Since we are maximizing the position, x(t),
of the car, this will occur when x

(t) = 0, i.e.,
when
x

(t) = v(t) = 3 + 2t t
2
= 0 .
But
3 + 2t t
2
= (3 t)(1 + t) = 0
when t = 3 and when t = 1. But t = 1
is not allowed because the car starts at time
t = 0. Now
x

(t) = v

(t) = 2 2t ,
so x

(3) = 0. Hence the position of the car

will be maximized after t = 3 seconds.
003 10.0 points
A rectangular dog pound with three kennels
as shown in the gure
wtm369 Homework 11 Helleloid (58250) 2
consists of a rectangular fenced area divided
by two partitions. Determine the maximum
possible area of this pound if 48 yards of chain
link fencing is available for its construction.
1. max area = 74 sq.yards
2. max area = 72 sq.yards correct
3. max area = 76 sq.yards
4. max area = 73 sq.yards
5. max area = 75 sq.yards
Explanation:
Let the dimensions of the oor of the dog
pound be as shown in the gure below
x
y
Then the area of the pound is given by
A = xy ,
while the total fencing needed is the sum of
the perimeter 2x+2y and the inner partitions
2y. Since 48 yards of fencing available we get
a relation
48 = 2x + 4y
i.e., 24 = x + 2y. Eliminating y from these
two equations gives an expression
A =
1
2
x(24 x) = 12x
1
2
x
2
for the area solely as a function of x. As the
maximum value of x is x = 24, the maximum
area will thus be the absolute maximum value
of A on the interval [0, 24]. This maximum
will occur at a critical point x
0
of A in (0, 24)
or at an endpoint.
Now
A

(x) = 12 x = 0
when x
0
= 12. But
A(0) = 0, A(x
0
) = 72, A(24) = 0 .
Thus the maximum area of the dog pound is
max area = 72 sq.yards
and this occurs when the pound is 12 yards
wide.
004 10.0 points
A rectangle is inscribed in a semi-circle of
diameter d as shown in
d
What is the largest area the rectangle can
have when d = 6?
1. Area = 10 sq. units
2. Area = 11 sq. units
3. Area = 8 sq. units
4. Area = 9 sq. units correct
5. Area = 7 sq. units
Explanation:
wtm369 Homework 11 Helleloid (58250) 3
Lets take the semi-circle to be the upper
half of the circle
x
2
+ y
2
= 9
having radius 3 and center at the origin. For
the rectangle we take one side on the x-axis
and one corner at a point P(x, y) on the semi-
circle as shown in
P(x, y)
3 3
Then the area of the rectangle is given by
A(x) = 2xy = 2x
_
9 x
2
.
We have to maximize A(x) on the interval
[0, 3]. Now
A

(x) = 2
_
9 x
2

2x
2

9 x
2
=
2(9 2x
2
)

9 x
2
.
Thus the critical points of A(x) occur at
x =
3

2
,
3

2
,
only one of which lies in [0, 3]. But
A(0) = 0, A
_
3

2
_
= 9, A(3) = 0 .
Consequently,
max. area = 9 sq. units .
005 10.0 points
A homeowner wants to build a fence to
enclose a 320 square yard rectangular area in
his backyard. Along one side the fence is to be
made of heavy-duty material costing $9 per
yard, while the material along the remaining
three sides costs $1 per yard. Determine the
least cost to the homeowner.
1. least cost = $180
2. least cost = $165
3. least cost = $170
4. least cost = $160 correct
5. least cost = $175
Explanation:
Let x be the length of the side made of the
heavy-duty material and y the length of an
adjacent side. Then we want to minimize the
cost function
C(x, y) = 10x + 2y ,
subject to the constraints
xy = 320, x, y > 0.
Substituting for y =
320
x
in C(x, y) we see
that
C = 10x +
640
x
which after dierentiation with respect to x
becomes
dC
dx
= 10
640
x
2
.
Now the minimum cost will occur when
dC/dx = 0, i.e., when
x = 8.
Since only positive values of x make practical
sense we see that the least cost to the rancher
is
C
min
= $160 .
006 10.0 points
If P(x, y) is a point on the line
3x + y = 1
wtm369 Homework 11 Helleloid (58250) 4
as shown in
P(x, y)
1
1
3
(not drawn to scale), nd the value of x when
P is closest to the origin.
1. x =
3
10
correct
2. x =
1
5
3. x =
1
10
4. x = 0
5. x =
2
5
Explanation:
The distance from P(x, y) to the origin is
given by
D =
_
x
2
+ y
2
,
so when P lies on the line
3x + y = 1 ,
we have to minimize the function
D(x) = (x
2
+ (1 3x)
2
)
1/2
= (10x
2
6x + 1)
1/2
on the interval
_
0,
1
3

. From the graph it is

clear that this minimum value occurs at a
critical point of D in
_
0,
1
3
_
.
Now, at a critical point of D,
dD
dx
=
1
2
_
20x 6
(10x
2
x + 1)
1/2
_
=
10x 3
(10x
2
x + 1)
1/2
= 0 .
Consequently, the P is closest to the origin
when
x =
3
10
.
007 10.0 points
A rectangle is inscribed between the x-axis
and the parabola y = 3 x
2
as shown in the
gure
Determine the maximum possible area of
the rectangle.
1. maximum area = 5 sq. units
2. maximum area = 3 sq. units
3. maximum area = 8 sq. units
4. maximum area = 4 sq. units correct
5. maximum area = 7 sq. units
Explanation:
Let x be the x-coordinate of the lower right
corner of the rectangle. The area of the rect-
angle is then given by
A(x) = 2x(3 x
2
) = 6x 2x
3
.
Dierentiating A(x) with respect to x we see
that
A

(x) = 6 6x
2
.
wtm369 Homework 11 Helleloid (58250) 5
The critical points of A are thus the solutions
of
6 6x
2
= 0, i .e., x = 1, 1;
the solution x = 1 can obviously be disre-
garded for practical reasons. Substituting for
x = 1 in A(x) we get
maximum area = 4 sq. units .
008 10.0 points
A right circular cylinder is inscribed in a
sphere of diameter 8 cms as shown in
8
If the cylinder is open at both ends, nd the
largest possible surface area of the cylinder.
1. max area = 8 sq. cms
2. max area = 32 sq. cms
3. max area = 16 sq. cms
4. max area = 64 sq. cms
5. max area = 16 sq. cms
6. max area = 32 sq. cms correct
7. max area = 64 sq. cms
8. max area = 8 sq. cms
Explanation:
Let the cylinder have radius r and height
2h, Then the relation between the dimensions
of the cylinder and sphere are shown in
2h
r
4 h
Since the cylinder has open ends, its surface
area is the curved surface, so is given by
S(r, h) = 2r 2h = 4rh.
On the other hand, by Pythagoras,
r
2
+ h
2
= 16 .
Thus, as a function of r,
S(r) = 4r
_
16 r
2
,
and so,
S

(r) = 4
_
_
16 r
2

16 r
2
_
=
4(16 2r
2
)

16 r
2
.
But then the only critical point that makes
geometric sense is r = 4/

2 ; furthermore,
r <
4

2
= S

(r) > 0 ,
while
r >
4

2
= S

(r) < 0 .
wtm369 Homework 11 Helleloid (58250) 6
Consequently, the maximum value of the area
occurs at r = 4/

2, and
maximum area = 32 sq. cms .
009 10.0 points
Find an equation for the tangent line to the
graph of
f(x) =
7
3
+ 2x + x
2

1
3
x
3
having maximum slope.
1. y = 3x 2
2. None of these
3. y + 3x + 2 = 0
4. y = 3x + 2 correct
5. y + 3x = 2
Explanation:
The slope of the tangent line at (x, f(x)) is
given by
f

(x) = 2 + 2x x
2
,
and so the maximumslope will be the absolute
maximum value of f

(x). Now the graph

of f

is a parabola opening downwards, so

the absolute maximum value of f

(x) is the
value of f

(x
0
) at the vertex (x
0
, f

(x
0
)) of
the parabola. By the point slope formula,
therefore, an equation for the tangent line
having maximum slope is given by
y f(x
0
) = f

(x
0
)(x x
0
) .
Now x
0
is the critical point of f

, i.e. the
solution of
f

(x) = 2 2x = 0.
Thus
x
0
= 1, f

(x
0
) = 3, f(x
0
) = 5 .
Consequently, an equation for the tangent line
having maximum slope is given by
y = 3x + 2 .
010 10.0 points
A company manufacturing cars at plant A
in Detroit and plant B in St. Louis has found
that its total cost function is
C = x
2
+ 2y
2
+ 2xy + 40x + 20y + 10
when x cars are produced at plant A and y at
plant B.
What production level at plant A should
the company set to minimize the costs of pro-
duction when lling an order for 40 cars?
1. prod plant A = 25
2. prod plant A = 15
3. prod plant A = 20
4. prod plant A = 35
5. prod plant A = 30 correct
Explanation:
To determine the production level mimin-
imzing costs we have to minimize
C = x
2
+ 2y
2
+ 2xy + 40x + 20y + 10,
a function of two variables, subject to the
restriction
() x + y = 40.
Using () to eliminate y from C reduces the
problem to optimization of a function
C(x) = x
2
+ 2(40 x)
2
+ 2x(40 x)
+ 40x + 20(40 x) + 10
= x
2
60x + 4010
wtm369 Homework 11 Helleloid (58250) 7
of one variable. After dierentiation,
C

(x) = 2x 60, C

(x) = 2.
By the second derivative test for functions of
one variable, C thus has a minimum value at
x = 30, i.e., to minimize production costs the
company should set
prod plant A = 30 .
011 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
The gure below shaded in gray is that of
a trapezoid having base length a and slant
height b.

a
b b
(i) Express the area of the trapezoid as a func-
tion, A(), of , a, and b.
1. A() =
1
2
b cos (a + b sin)
2. A() =
1
2
b cos (a b sin)
3. A() = b cos (a b sin )
4. A() =
1
2
a cos (a + b sin)
5. A() = b cos (a + b sin ) correct
Explanation:
Consider the trapezoid

1
h

2

in which the sides have length
1
,
2
and the
perpendicular distance between these sides is
h. By known high school formula (or by
thinking of the area of the trapezoid as the
sum of a rectangle having area h
1
and two
congruent right angle triangles having height
h and base length
1
2
{
2

1
}), the area of this
trapezoid is given by
Area =
1
2
h(
1
+
2
).
Now, by right-angle trigonometry, for the
trapezoid shaded in gray above,

1
= a, h = b cos ,
2
= a + 2b sin.
Consequently,
A() = b cos (a + b sin) .
012 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
(ii) Find the maximum possible area, A
max
, of
the trapezoid when a = b = 6 inches.
1. A
max
= 27 sq. inches
2. A
max
= 27

3 sq. inches correct

3. A
max
=
55
2
sq. inches
4. none of these
5. A
max
=
55
2

3 sq. inches
Explanation:
The maximum area will occur for some in
the range from 0 to
1
2
since < 0 clearly
gives smaller area. Hence we have to maxi-
mize
A() = 36 cos (1 + sin )
on the interval [0,
1
2
]. Now
dA
d
= 36
_
sin (1 + sin ) + cos
2

_
= 36
_
cos
2
sin
2
sin
_
.
wtm369 Homework 11 Helleloid (58250) 8
But
cos
2
= 1 sin
2
,
so
dA
d
= 36
_
1 sin 2 sin
2

_
.
On [0,
1
2
] the critical points of A() occur at
0,
1
2
and at the solutions of
1 sin 2 sin
2

= (1 2 sin)(1 + sin ) = 0.
Now on [0,
1
2
]
sin =
1
2
= =

6
,
while
sin = 1
has no solutions. Consequently, the critical
points occur 0,
1
6
,
1
2
. Since
A(0) = 36, A(
1
6
) = 27

3, A(
1
2
) = 0,
we see that
A
max
= 27

3 sq. inches .
013 10.0 points
The Green Mountain Inn can rent all its
120 rooms when it charges $125 per night for
a room, but the manager wants to increase
prots. He nds, however, that for each $4
increase in the room rate, 3 fewer rooms are
rented. If the cost of cleaning an occupied
room is $5 per night, what is the maximum
prot the manager can obtain?
1. max prot = $14625
2. max prot = $14650
3. max prot = $14675
4. max prot = $14725
5. max prot = $14700 correct
Explanation:
If $x is the additional roomcharge, the total
charge for a room is $(125 +x), and the prot
from renting that room will be $(120+x). On
the other hand, the number of rooms rented
at a cost of $(125 + x) is 120
3
4
x. So the
total prot is given by
P(x) =
_
120
3
4
x
__
120 + x
_
= 14400 + 30x
3
4
x
2
.
Dierentiating P(x) with respect to x we see
that
P

(x) = 30
3
2
x.
The critical point of P is thus the solution of
P

(x) = 30
3
2
x = 0,
i.e., x = 20. Since
P

(x) < 0,
the manager will thus maximize prots when
the room charge is $145, producing a yield is
maximum prot = $14700 .
014 10.0 points
A high speed oce copier has an initial
price of $3200. A service contract cost $170
for the rst year and increases by $100 per
year thereafter. It can be shown that over x
years the total cost of the copier is given by
C(x) = 3200 + 120x + 50x
2
.
When is the average cost per year smallest?
(This is often referred to as the replacement
time for a piece of equipment.)
Correct answer: 8 years.
Explanation:
The average cost
c(x) =
C(x)
x
=
3200 + 120x + 50x
2
x
=
3200
x
+ 120 + 50x .
wtm369 Homework 11 Helleloid (58250) 9
In practical terms it represents the total cost
(initial cost plus maintenance costs) of the
computer averaged out over an x year period.
The marginal average cost, therefore, is given
by
c

(t) =
3200
x
2
+ 50 ,
and so the only critical point of c(x) for x > 0
is the positive solution of c

(x) = 0, i.e.,
replacement time =
_
3200
50
= 8 years .