1

Question Bank Computer Simulation and Modeling Class :-BEIT(A/B) Chapter Introdu!tion to Simulation
" Important de#initions 1. Define Simulation Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. 2. Define model? A model is defined as a representation of a system for the purpose of studying the system. $" Short Ans%er Questions 1. What is system, system environment? A system is defined as a group of o !ects that are !oined together in some regular interaction or interdependence toward the accomplishment of some purpose . 2. What are the different components of the system? Different components of the system are as follows" #ntity, Attri ute, Activity, $. Which is the most important step in the simulation study? %alidation i.e. step no. & is the most important step in the simulation study. '. What are the different types of model? We have (athematical, )hysical, Static, Dynamic, Deterministic, Stochastic, discrete, continuous models. *. What is the difference etween verification and validation? +n verification we chec, the correctness of wor,ing of the system i.e. the computer program and in validation model is measured for correctness of its performance against the real world for its ehavior -. .ive three advantages of simulation? A/ 0o need to disrupt the ongoing operations of real system. 1/ 2ypothesis can e tested for feasi ility. 3/ Saves cost in many cases.

2 &. .ive three disadvantages of simulation? A/ (odel uilding re4uires special training. 1/ Simulation results are difficult to interpret. 3/ 5ime consuming and costly. 6. .ive difference etween deterministic and stochastic model.
In deterministic model the input and output is known, while in stochastic model the input and output are random in nature.

&" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1. What is simulation? When it is appropriate? When it is inappropriate? )g.no.$, ' 2. What are the advantages and disadvantage of simulation? )g.no. * $. What are the areas of application of simulation? )g.no. & '. What is system? #7plain different components of system with e7ample? )g.no.8 *. 0ame several entities, attri utes, activities, events and state varia les for the following system" 9a/ A cafeteria 9 / A grocery Store 9c/ A :ast food restaurant 9d/ A hospital #mergency room 9e/ Automo ile assem ly room )g.no. 1; -. What is model? #7plain different types of model with suita le e7ample? )g.no. 1$ &. #7plain different steps in simulation study. )g.no. 1'

$ 6. #7plain different phases of simulation. )g.no. 16

*" +'(e!ti)e Questions 1. Simulation of an, is which of the following model? A/ static 1/ dynamic 3/ stochastic D/ deterministic Ans. Dynamic 2. Simulation is used in A/ (anufacturing<< 1/ Semiconductors< 3/ 1oth A/ and 1/ these industries. $. (athematical models have<<<<<<<<<<<< +n them .a/ e4uations / diagrams c/ graphs d/ descriptions Ans. #4uations '. %ideo games are a ,ind of simulation .95rue=:alse/ 5rue. *. <<<<<<< is the e7ample of event for )roduction system. Ans. 1rea,down ," -umeri!al .ro'lems 0one /" A''re)iations 1. 2. $. '. WS3 " Winter Simulation 3onference ASA " American Statistical Association 0+S5 " 0ational +nstitute of Standards and 5echnology A3(=S+.S+( " Association for 3omputing (achine=Special +nterest .roup on Simulation

' *. +###=S(3S" +nstitute of #lectrical and #lectronics #ngineers" Systems, (an and 3y ernetics Society -. +###=3S" +nstitute of #lectrical and #lectronics #ngineers" 3omputers Society &. ++#" +nstitute of +ndustrial #ngineers 6. +0:>?(S=3S" +nstitute for >perations ?esearch and the (anagement Sciences" 3ollege on Simulation 8. S3S" Society for 3omputer Simulation 1;. A(2S" automated material handling systems

Chapter $ Simulation E0amples

" Important de#initions
1. Define Event? An instantaneous occurrence that changes the state of a system. ( uch as an arrival of a new customer!. ". Define system capacity? #he num$er of customers that may $e in the waiting line or system is known as system capacity. %. Define lead time? #he time gap $etween the review of the inventory and the receipt of an order is known as lead time.

$" Short Ans%er Questions

1. &hat is meant $y 'ueuing system? A 'ueuing system includes calling population, nature of arrivals, service mechanism, system capacity and 'ueuing discipline. ". &hat is calling population? #he population of potential customers is referred to as the calling population. %. &hat are the different types of calling populations, give e(amples? Infinite calling population ) finite calling population. *. +ive types of 'ueuing system? ingle server and multi, server 'ueuing system. -. &hat do you mean $y inventory? It is the storage of items for use and this storage is reviewed after a fi(ed duration of time and then a $asic level no of items is maintained $y making a order.

&" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1. #7plain simulation of single server 4ueuing system for grocery store chec,out 3ounter. )g.no. 2&

2. What are the different events in 4ueuing system? #7plain with flow diagram. )g.no. 2$ $. #7plain simulation of multi-server 4ueuing system. )g.no. $* '. #7plain simulation of inventory system. )g.no. '* *. #7plain simulation of 4ueuing system with relevant flow diagram. )g.no. 2$ *" +'(e!ti)e Questions 1. A le a,er is an e7ample of A/ single channel 4ueue 1/ multi channel 4ueue 3/ inventory system D/ none of the a ove Ans. 1 2. ?ailway reservation counter has A/ finite calling population 1/ infinite calling population Ans. 1 $. :or arrival event when server status is usy and 4ueue status non empty what is the out come A/ #nter 4ueue 1/ +mpossi le 3/ #nter service Ans. A '. :or arrival event when server status is usy and 4ueue status empty what is the out come A/ #nter 4ueue 1/ impossi le 3/ #nter service

&

Ans. A *. :or arrival event when server status is idle and 4ueue status non empty what is the out come A/ #nter 4ueue 1/ impossi le 3/ #nter service Ans. 1 -. :or arrival event when server status is idle and 4ueue status empty what is the out come A/ #nter 4ueue 1/ impossi le 3/ #nter service Ans. 3 ," -umeri!al .ro'lems 1. 1a,er is trying to determine how many Do@ens of agels to a,e each day. 5he )ro a ility distri ution of the num er of agels customer is as follows" 0o. of customers per day" )ro a ility Distri ution" 6 ;.$* 1; ;.$; 12 ;.2* 1' ;.1; 1 ;.' 2 ;.$ $ ;.2 ' ;.1

3ustomers order 1, 2, $ or ' do@en agels according to the following pro a ility 0o. of Do@en ordered=customer" )ro a ility /" A''re)iations
1. .I./0 .irst in first out

"

Chapter & 1eneral .rin!iples

" Important de#initions 1. Define #vent notice A record of an event to occur at the current or some future time, along with any associated data necessary to e7ecute the eventA at a minimum, the record includes the event type and the event time. 2. Define Delay. Duration of time of unspecified indefinite length, which is not ,nown until it ends. $. Define :uture #vent list A record of an event to occur at the current or some future time, along with any associated data necessary to e7ecute the eventA at a minimum the record includes the event type and the event time. '. Define cloc, A varia le representing simulated time, called 3B>3C. *. Define activity Duration of time of specified length, which is ,nown when it egins -. Define system state A collection of varia les that contain all the information necessary to descri e

$" Short Ans%er Questions

1. What is imminent event? 5he event that is ne7t to happen is called imminent event.

2. 2ow events are placed in :#B? #vents are placed in :#B y time advance algorithm $. What is 5erminating event? 5he event which ma,es defines how long the simulation will run is ,nown as 5erminating event. '. 2ow terminating event is specified? +t is specified y using notation 5e. *. .ive different types of world views. #vent- scheduling, )rocess interaction, activity scanning -. What is 1ootstrapping? 5he method of generating an e7ternal arrival stream of is called ootstrapping.

&" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1. #7plain all the concepts in discrete event system simulation. )g.no. -8 2. #7plain event scheduling time advance algorithm. )g.no. &1 $. What are the components of single channel 4ueue for grocery store e7ample? )g.no. 1; '. 2ow would you descri e 4ueuing system? .ive the event scheduling algorithm along With the snapshot showing cloc, system state and :#B.

1; )g.no. &1 *. Define model. System state, activity event, event list delay, cloc, for A le, 1a,er pro lem and Dump truc, pro lem. )g.no. 61 -. #7plain data structures used in maintaining future event list. )g.no.6& &. #7plain dump truc, pro lem with time advance algorithm. )g.no. 6' 6. What is the different world views used in simulation? )g.no. &*

*" +'(e!ti)e Questions 1. Delay is conditional wait" 5rue = :alse. 5rue 2. Activity is unconditional wait" 5rue=:alse. 5rue $. BD9t/ and BS9t/ are <<<<<< A/ #vent 1/ System state 3/ Activity Ans. 1 '. All primary events and unconditional activities are

11 A/ 1 activity 1/ 3 activity 3/ )hase A Ans. A *. Activities or events that is conditional upon certain conditions eing true are A/ 1 activity 1/ 3 activity 3/ )hase A Ans. 1 ," -umeri!al .ro'lems 1. Small grocery store has only one chec,out counter. 3ustomerEs arrive at this chec,out counter at random from 1 to 6 minutes apart. #ach possi le value of interarrival time has the same pro a ility of occurrence. 5he service time distri ution is as follows" Service time 9minutes/" 1 )ro a ility ;.;* 2 ;.1; $ ;.2; ' ;.$; * ;.2* ;.1;

)erform the simulation for 1; customers. > tain average writing time in the Dueue and average idle time of the server.

2. A dentist schedules all his patients for $;-minute appointments. Some of the patients ta,e more or less than $; minutes depending on the type of dental wor, to e done. 5he following summary shows the various categories of wor,, their )ro a ilities and time actually needed to complete the wor,"

12

3ategory of service :illing 3rown 3leaning #7traction 3hec,up

5ime ?e4uired )ro a ility of 9minutes/ 3ategory '* ;.'; -; ;.1* 1* '* 1* ;.1* ;.1; ;.2;

$. Simulate the dentistEs clinic for four hours and determine the average waiting time for the )atients as well as the idleness of the doctor. Assume that all the patients show up at the clinic e7actly their scheduled arrival time starting at 6.;; a.m. Fse the following ?andom num ers for handling the a ove pro lem" '; 62 11 $' 2* -1& &8 > servations of past data show the following patterns in respect of interarrival durations and service durations in a single channel 4ueuing system. Fsing the random num er ta le elow, simulate the 4ueue ehavior for a period of -; minutes and estimate the pro a ility of the service eing idle and the mean time spent y a customer waiting for service. +nter-arrival 5ime (inutes )ro a ility 2 ;.1* ' ;.2$ ;.$* 6 ;.1& 1; ;.1; Service 5ime (inutes )ro a ility 1 ;.1; $ ;.22 * ;.$* & ;.2$ 8 ;.1;

?andom no 9start at 0orth- West corner and proceed along the row/ 8$ 61 28 *1 1' 6& 1& '; &2 8; 11 $; 1; $6 -6 *2

1$

/" A''re)iations 1. :#B" :uture event list

Chapter * Simulation So#t%are

" Important de#initions 0one

1'

$" Short Ans%er Questions 1. .ive names of few simulation pac,ages. Arena, Automod, .)SS 2. What is .)SS? .eneral purpose system simulation. $. .ive two criteria for selection of simulation soft wares? A/ Do not focus on single issue. 1/ #7ecution speed '. 0ame few .)SS loc,s. .#0#?A5#, DF#F#, S#+G#

&" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1. #7plain the history of simulation software. )g.no. 82. What are the criteria used for selection of simulation software. )g.no. 88 $. Write short note on" 9i/ #7tend 9ii/ Automod 9iii/ Simula 9iv/ .)SS 9v/ Simscript )g.no. 12', 12$, 12&,112 '. What are the common features found in most simulation software? )g.no. 1;; *. With reference to .)SS e7plain operation of all the loc,s used in simulation.

1* )g.no. 11' -. Write a program for single server 4ueue using any one of the simulation language Hou ,now. .ive comments for each statement. )g.no. 11*

*" +'(e!ti)e Questions 1. S+(FB6 is introduced y A/ S+(FB6 3orporation 1/ 1roo,s automation Ans. A 2. Sim?unner is developed y A. )?>(>D#B 1. fle7im software 3. 1roo,s automation Ans. A $. A/ 1/ 3/ :le7sim simulation is used for Discrete event 3ontinuous event 1oth A/ I 1/

Ans. A '. .)SS is ased on <<<<< A/ Activity oriented approach 1/ )rocess oriented approach 3/ #vent oriented approach Ans. 1 *. ?#B#AS# is a .)SS loc, " 5rue= :alse Ans. 5rue

1-

," -umeri!al .ro'lems 0one /" A''re)iations 1. S)B" Simulation )rogramming languages 2. 3SB" 3ontrol and Simulation Banguage $. SS:" Scala le Simulation :ramewor, '. A)+" Application )rogram +nterface

Chapter , Statisti!al Models in Simulation

" Important de#initions 1. Define e7pectation?

1& 5he mean 9e7pectation/ is a measure of the central tendency of a random varia le. 2. Define variance? 5he variance is a measure of the spread of variation of the possi le values of random varia le around the mean.

$" Short Ans%er Questions 1. 0ame types of distri utions. 5here are two types of distri utions discrete distri utions and continuous distri utions 2. What is meant y 1ernoulli trial? :or an e7periment consisting of n trials, each of which can e a success or failure. We assign fi7ed value of 1 for success and ; for failure. $. What is pmf? )ro a ility mass function '. What is pdf? )ro a ility density function *. What is cdf? 3umulative distri ution function -. 0ame properties of )oisson process. 5hese are the properties of )oisson process +. ?andom splitting ++. )ooled process

16

&" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1. #7plain useful statistical models in inventory, 4ueuing, relia ility and maintenance system. )g.no. 1*& 2. #7plain different types of distri ution. )g.no. 1-; $. What are the different types of distri ution used in simulation? )g.no. 1-; *" +'(e!ti)e Questions 1. :or discrete distri utions which of the following will e preferred A/ Summation 1/ +ntegration Ans. A 2. :or continuous distri utions which of the following will e preferred A/ Summation 1/ +ntegration Ans. 1 $. 1ernoulli distri ution is A/ discrete 1/ continuous Ans. A '. Which of the following is not a discrete distri ution A/ 1ernoulli 1/ )oisson 3/ 1inomial D/ .amma Ans. D *. Which of the following is not a continuous distri ution

18 A/ 1/ 3/ D/ Ans. D ," -umeri!al .ro'lems 1. An industrial chemical that will retard the spread of fire in paint has een Developed the local sales representative has determined, from past e7perience, that '6J of the sales calls will result in an order. 9a/ What is the pro a ility that the first order will come on the fourth sales call of the day? 9 / +f eight sales calls are made in a day, what is the pro a ility of receiving e7actly Si7 orders? 9c/ +f four sales calls are made efore lunch, what is the pro a ility that one or less results in an order? K .amma 1eta 0ormal 1ernoulli

2. 5he 2aw,s are currently winning 0.55 of their games. 5here are * games in the ne7t two wee,s. What is the pro a ility that they will win more games than they lose? $. Arrivals at a an, tellerKs cage are )oisson distri uted at the rate of 1.2 per minute 9a/ What is the pro a ility of @ero arrivals in the ne7t minute? 9 / What is the pro a ility of @ero arrivals in the ne7t 2 minutes? '. 5he lifetime, in years of a satellite placed in or it is given y the following )D:" :97/ L;.'e-;.'7 7ML; :97/ L ; otherwise 9a/ What is the pro a ility that this satellite is still NaliveN after * years? 9 / What is the pro a ility that the satellite dies etween $ and - years from the time it is placed in or it? /" A''re)iations

2;

0one

Chapter / Queuing Models

" Important de#initions

21

1. Define Dueue ehavior Dueue ehavior refers to the actions of customers while in a 4ueue waiting for service toA egin. 2. Define Dueue discipline. Dueue discipline refers to the logical ordering of customers in a 4ueue and determines which customer will e chosen for service when a server ecomes free.

$" Short Ans%er Questions

1. What is Cendall notation? A=1=c=0=C A" inter arrival O time distri ution. 1" service-time distri ution c" num er of parallel servers 0" system capacity C" si@e of calling population 2. .ive long run measures of Dueuing system. Bong run measures of Dueuing system are as follows. A/ 5ime-Average 0um er in System 9B/ 1/ Average 5ime Spent in system )er 3ustomer 9w/ 3/ 5he 3onservation #4uation D/ Server Ftili@ation

$. .ive conservation e4uation.

BL Pw &" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1. #7plain all the characteristic of 4ueuing system. )g.no. 2;2 2. What are the long run measures of performance of 4ueuing system? )g.no. 2;6 $. #7plain steady state ehavior of infinite population (or,ovian model represented y (=.=1 and (=(=1. )g.no. 221 '. 2ow would you determine cost in 4ueuing system? )g.no. 216 *. #7plain steady state ehavior of finite population model. )g.no. 2$*

22 -. #7plain 0etwor, of 4ueues. )g.no. 2$8 *" +'(e!ti)e Questions 1. QAE in Cendall notation indicates A/ Service time 1/ +nter arrival time 3/ 0o of parallel servers D/ 3alling population #/ System capacity Ans" 1 2. QCE in Cendall notation indicates A/ Service time 1/ +nter arrival time 3/ 0o of parallel servers D/ 3alling population #/ System capacity Ans" D $. Q1E in Cendall notation indicates A/ Service time 1/ +nter arrival time 3/ 0o of parallel servers D/ 3alling population #/ System capacity Ans" A '. Q0E in Cendall notation indicates A/ Service time 1/ +nter arrival time 3/ 0o of parallel servers D/ 3alling population #/ System capacity Ans" # *. Q3E in Cendall notation indicates A/ Service time 1/ +nter arrival time 3/ 0o of parallel servers D/ 3alling population #/ System capacity

2$

Ans. 3 -. +n (=(=1 Dueue calling population is A/ :inite 1/ +nfinite Ans. 1 ," -umeri!al .ro'lems 1. Arrivals to an airport are all directed to the same, runway, at a certain time of. the day, these arrivals form a )oisson process with rate $; per hour. 5he time to land an Aircraft is a constant 8; seconds. Determine BD, WD, B and w for this airport. +f a delayed aircraft ums R*;;; worth of fuel per hour on the average, determine the average cost per aircraft of delay waiting to land. . /" A''re)iations
0one

Chapter 2 3andom 4-um'er 1eneration

" Important de#initions

2'

1. Define ?un. A run is defined as a succession of similar events, preceded and followed y a different event.

$" Short Ans%er Questions

2. .ive properties of random num ers. ?andom num ers have two statistical properties" uniformity and independence. $. 0ame two techni4ues of generating random num ers. A/ Binear 3ongruential (ethod 1/ 3om ined linear congruential generator '. What are the tests for random num ers?

:re4uency tests )o,er test Autocorrelation test &" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1. What is random num er? State the properties of random nos. What are the pro lems or errors that can occur when generating random no. )g.no.2*1 2. (ention properties of random nos. and give the methods of generating )seudo ?andom nos. )g.no. 2*' $. #7plain are the test used for chec,ing Fniformity of random no.? )g.no. 2-1 *" +'(e!ti)e Questions 1. Fniformity is the property of the random nos. A/ 5rue 1/ :alse Ans. 5rue 2. Which of the following is the test for independence? A/ :re4uency test 1/ )o,er test 3/ ?uns test D/ 0one of the a ove.

2*

Ans. 3 $. Which of the following is the test for uniformity? A/ :re4uency test 1/ )o,er test 3/ ?uns test D/ 0one of the a ove. Ans. A
'. Which test is used when no. of o servations are less than *;?

A/ 3hi Os4uare test 1/ C-S test 3/ ?un length test Ans. 1 *. 5he value of %ariance for uniformly distri uted is A/ 1=2 1/ 1=$ 3/ 1=D/ 1=12 Ans. D ," -umeri!al .ro'lems 1. 3onsider the following se4uence of random no-show would you test it for independence. ;.12 ;.;1 ;.2$ ;.26 ;.68 ;.$1 ;.-' ;.26 ;.$$ ;.8$ ;.$$ ;.$* ;.81 ;.'1 ;.-; ;.2* ;.** ;.66 ;.$8 ;.1*

2. Fse the chi-s4uare test with a L ;.;*, to test whether the data shown elow are uniformly distri uted. ;.$' ;.8; ;.2* ;.68 0.87 ;.'' ;.6$ ;.&- ;.&8 ;.-' ;.&; ;.61 ;.8- ;.88 ;.&& ;.-& ;.*- ;.'1 ;.'& ;.$; ;.1& ;.62 ;.*- ;.;* ;.&8 ;.&1 ;.2$ ;.18 ;.62 ;.8$ ;.12 ;.8' ;.*2 ;.'* ;.-* ;.21 ;.&' ;.&$ ;.$1 ;.$& ;.';.22 ;.88 ;.&6 ;.$8 ;.-& ;.&' ;.;2 ;.;* ;.'2

2$. Fse the linear congruential. method to generate a se4uence of three two-digit random integers. Bet So L 2&, a L 6 ,c =47 and m L1;;. '. Fse the multiplicative congruential method to generate a se4uence of four three-digit random integers. Bet So L 11&, a L '$ and m L 1;;;. *. 5he se4uence of num ers ;.*', ;.&$, ;.86, ;.11 and ;.-6 has een generated. Fse the Colmogorov-Smirnov test with TL ;.;* to determine if the hypothesis that the num ers are uniformly distri uted on the interval U;, 1V can e re!ected. .enerate enough values in each case to complete a cycle. -. consider the, first 1; two digit .values in #7ample *. 1ased on runs up and runs down, determine whether the hypothesis of independence can e re!ected, where TL ;.;*.

/" A''re)iations
0one

Chapter 5 3andom 6ariate 1eneration

2& " Important de#initions 0one $" Short Ans%er Questions

1. 0ame different techni4ues of generating random variate. A/ +nverse- 5ransform 5echni4ue 1/ Acceptance- ?e!ection 5echni4ue 2. What do you mean y random variate?

?andom variate is used to generate many of the important continuous and discrete distri utions. &" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1. 2ow would you generate random variates for the e7ponential distri ution? )g.no. 2&$ 2 2ow would you generate random variates from 5riangular Distri ution? )g.no. 2&6 $. #7plain different techni4ues of generating random variates. )g.no. 268 '. What is )oisson process? #7plain characteristics of )oison process. )g.no. 28$ *. State the distri utions which can e sampled using N+nverse transform techni4ueW, write the procedure for sampling. )g.no. 2&$ -. #7plain Acceptance re!ection techni4ue. )g.no. 268

*" +'(e!ti)e Questions 1. ?andom variate for e7ponential distri ution is

26

A/ SiLln 91- ?i/ 1/ SiL -1=P9ln 91- ?i// Ans. 1 2. Acceptance O ?e!ection 5echni4ue is used for A/ .enerating random num er 1/ .enerating random variate 3/ 5esting random variate generator Ans. 1 $. ?andom variate for Fniform distri ution is A/ SiLln 91- ?i/ 1/ SiL -1=P9ln 91- ?i// 3/ S L a X 9 -a/? Ans. 3 ," -umeri!al .ro'lems 1. Develop random variate for e7ponential distri ution and uniform distri ution using inverse transform techni4ue. 2. Develop random variate for )oisson distri ution using acceptance re!ection techni4ue /" A''re)iations
1. 0S))" 0on stationary )oisson )rocess 2. +55" +nverse 5ransform 5echni4ue

Chapter 7 Input Modeling

28

" Important de#initions 0one $" Short Ans%er Questions 1. 0ame the techni4ues used for identifying the distri ution with data. A/ 2istograms 1/ Duantile O Duantile )lot 2. 0ame the techni4ues used for identifying the distri ution without data. A/ #ngineering data 1/ #7pert option 3/ )hysical or conventional limitations D/ 5he nature of the process $. .ive e7ample of (ultivariate input model. +nventory system '. .ive e7ample of 5ime- series input model. Stoc, mar,et transactions *. Why goodness of fit test is used. .oodness of fit tests provide helpful guidance for evaluating the suita ility of a potential input model. &" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1. Discuss steps involved in development of a model of input data. )g. no. $;& 2. 2ow would you select input model without data. )g. no. $$* $. #7plain multivariate and time series input model. )g. no. $$& '. Site an e7ample where lead time and demand are not independent random varia les develop a suita le model for such a case. )g. no. $$8

$;

* .2ow would you collect data which is to e used as input to simulation model. )g. no. $;6 -. +n case there is no data ut the distri ution is ,nown then, how would you generate samples to e used as input to simulation model? .enerate one set of samples inputs using each of the method. )g. no. $$* &. Discuss the methods y which chosen distri ution is evaluated for goodness of fit test. )g. no. $2& *" +'(e!ti)e Questions 1. 5est used for evaluation of chosen distri ution is A/ :re4uency test 1/ ?uns test 3/ .oodness of fit test Ans. 3 2. Distri ution used to model the num er of independent event that occur in a fi7ed amount of time is A/ )oisson 1/ 0ormal 3/ 1inomial Ans. A $. Distri ution used to model processes that can e viewed as sum of several e7ponentially distri uted processes. A/ )oisson 1/ 0ormal 3/ 1inomial D/ #rlang Ans. D '. Distri ution used to model the time to failure for components A/ 0ormal

$1 1/ 1inomial 3/ #rlang D/ Wei ull Ans. D *. Which of the following is the e7ample of (ultivariate input model A/ +nventory system 1/ Stoc, mar,et transactions Ans. A ," -umeri!al .ro'lems 1. ?ecords pertaining to the monthly num er of !o related in!uries at an underground coal mine were eing studied y a federal agency .5he values for the past 1;; months are as follows" +n!uries per month" ; 1 2 $ ' * 1 :re4uency of occurrence" $* '; 1$ ' 1

Apply 3hi s4uare test to test these data to test the hypothesis that the underlying Distri ution is )oisson 9use TL;.;* S2L*.88/

/" A''re)iations 1. A?91/" Autoregressive order- 1 model 2. #A?91/" #7ponential Autoregressive order- 1 model $. 0>?5A" 0ormal to anything transformation 1.

Chapter 8 6eri#i!ation and 6alidation o# simulation model

$2 " Important de#initions 1. Define verification. %erification is the process of uilding the model correctly and implementing it with good input and structure. 2. Define validation. +t is the process of uilding the correct model, and accurate representation of the real system.

$" Short Ans%er Questions 1. .ive difference etween verification and validation. %erification involves correctness of model while validation chec,s the ehavior of the system compared with the real world system. 2. What is 3ali ration? 3ali ration is the iterative process that ad!usts or alters the models and its parameters to est fit real system ehavior. $. .ive 0yler-:inger $ step approach. Step 1-1uild a model that has high face validity. Step 2-%alidate model assumptions. Step $-3ompare the model input O output transformations to corresponding input- output 5ransformations for the real system.

&" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1 2ow would you validate simulation model? )g .no.$-1 2. #7plain the difference etween verification and validation of simulation model. )g .no. $** $. #7plain $ step 0ylor and :inger approach for validation. )g .no. $-2

$$ '. Discuss causes of errors in simulation. 2ow will you carry out verification of simulation? )g .no. $*-

*" +'(e!ti)e Questions 1. 5esting whether 3onceptual model is reflected accurately in operational model or not is ,nown as A/ verification 1/ validation 3/ cali ration Ans. A 2. 5he process of comparing the model and its ehavior is ,nown as A/ verification 1/ validation 3/ cali ration Ans. 1 $. 0ylor and :inger approach is used for A/ verification 1/ validation 3/ cali ration Ans. 1 ," -umeri!al .ro'lems 0one /" A''re)iations 1. A.%" Automated guided vehicles 2. +?3" +nteractive ?un 3ontroller ehavior to the real system and its

Chapter +utput Anal9sis #or a Single Model

$'

" Important de#initions 0one $" Short Ans%er Questions

1. 0ame types of simulation with respect to output analysis. 5erminating and Steady-state simulation. 2. What are the measures of performance?

)oint estimation and interval estimation.

$. What is Duantile? Duantiles descri es the level of performance that can e delivered with a given pro a ility p.

&" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1. #7plain types of simulation with respect to output analysis. )g .no. $88 2. #7plain point estimator and interval estimator. )g .no. ';& $. What are the measures of performance and interval estimation for output analysis? )g .no. ';8 '. #7plain output analysis for steady state simulation. )g .no. '16

*" +'(e!ti)e Questions 1. Steady state simulation is also ,nown as A/ 5erminating simulations 1/ 0on- 5erminating simulations 3/ 1oth of the a ove. D/ 0one of the a ove. Ans. 1

$*

2. >ther name for Duantile is A/ +nterval 1/ Delay 3/ ?eplication D/ )ercentile Ans. D $. ?eplication method can e used for Steady- State simulations. 5rue= :alse. Ans. 5rue. ," -umeri!al .ro'lems
1. 3onsider an 9(, B/ inventory system, in which the procurement 4uantity, D, is defined y D L (-+, if +YB L ; , if +MLB where + is the level of inventory on hand plus on order at the end of a month , ( is the ma7imum inventory level , and B is the reorder point. Since ( and B are under management control, the pair 9(, B/ is called the inventory policy. Fnder certain conditions, the analytical solution of such a model is possi le, ut the computational effort may e prohi itive. Fse simulation to investigate an 9(, B/ inventory system with the following properties. 5he inventory status is chec,ed at the end of each month. 1ac,ordering is allowed at a cost of R' per item short per month. When an order arrives, it will first e used to relieve the ac,order. 5he lead time is given y a uniform distri ution on the interval 9;.2*, 1.2*/ months. Bet the eginning inventory level stand at *; units, with no orders outstanding. Bet the holding cost e R1 per unit in inventory per month. Assume that the inventory position is reviewed each month. +f an order is placed, its cost is R-;XR*D, where R-; is the ordering cost and R* is the cost of each item. 5he time etween demands is e7ponentially distri uted with a mean of 1=1* month. the si@es of the demands follow the distri ution"

Demand )ro a ility 1 1=2

$2 $ ' 1=' 1=6 1=6

9a/ (a,e four independent replications, each of run length 1;; months preceded y a 12-month initiali@ation period. for the 9(, B/ L 9*;, $;/ policy. #stimate long Orun mean monthly cost with a 8;J confidence interval. 9 / Fsing the results of part 9a/, estimate the total num er of replications needed to estimate mean monthly cost within R*.

/" A''re)iations
0one

Chapter $ Comparison and E)aluation o# Alternati)e S9stem :esign

$& " Important de#initions 1. Define (onotonicity. 5he increasing and decreasing nature of the response varia les with respect to the input random varia les is ,nown as monotonicity. 2. Define se4uential sampling scheme. A Se4uential sampling scheme is one in which more and more data are collected until an estimator with a prespecified precision is achieved , or until one of several alternative hypothesis is selected., with the pro a ility of correct selection eing larger than a prespecified value.

$" Short Ans%er Questions

1. Disadvantages of 1onferroni approach. 1onferroni approach gives the increased width of each individual interval for large num er of comparisons 2. Advantages of 1onferroni approach. 1onferroni approach holds whether the models for the alternative designs are run with independent sampling or with common random num ers.

$. What is 3orrelated Sampling When same data is used to simulate oth alternative system designs it is ,nown as 3orrelated Sampling.
'. What is other name of 3orrelated Sampling? 3orrelated Sampling is also ,nown as the Qcommon random- num er techni4ueE.

&" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1 #7plain 1onferroni approach to multiple comparisons. )g .no. '-6 2. What is meta modeling? #7plain simple linear regression method. )g .no. '&-

$6 $. #7plain the test of significance of regression . )g .no. '61 '. What does Zoptimi@ation via simulation Zmean? )g .no. '6* *. Why is optimi@ation via simulation difficult? )g .no. '66 -. Write short note on 9a/ %erification of simulation model 9 / >ptimi@ation via simulation )g .no. '6* *" +'(e!ti)e Questions
1. 3orrelated sampling is also ,nown as common random techni4ue" 5rue=:alse.

," -umeri!al .ro'lems 1.Suppose that demand for a certain product has a )oisson distri ution with mean 1; units. Fse optimi@ation Ovia-simulation software9or the random-search algorithm, if you do not have access to such software / to determine the order si@e 7 that ma7imi@es the pro a ility that demand e4uals 7 units, assuming that ;YL 7YL 1;;, and 7 is an integer. U2int " >n each replication of the simulation for a trial value of 7, a random demand is generated from the )oisson distri ution with mean 1;. if this random demand e4uals 7 , then the response is H97/ L1A otherwise it is H97/L;.V /" A''re)iations 1. 3?0" 3ommon random num ers 2. (2S" (aterials handling system $. B0." Bi4uified 0atural .as

Chapter & Case studies

" Important de#initions

$8
0one

$" Short Ans%er Questions

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&" Su'(e!ti)e Questions 1. Discuss various issues in manufacturing and material handling system. )g .no. *;6 2. What are the o !ectives in material handling simulation? )g .no. *;& $. .ive 1loc, diagram and e7plain se4uence of operations. )g .no. *;* '. #7plain simulation of computer system 93)F and (emory simulation/. )g .no. *28 *. #7plain simulation of supermar,et. )g .no. *1* -. #7plain simulation of manufacturing and material handling system. )g .no. *;6 *" +'(e!ti)e Questions 0one ," -umeri!al .ro'lems 1; Fsing any simulator or language you li,e, model some aspect of your local computingsystem environment O e.g., the print 4ueue for a networ, printer. 3arefully descri e your wor,load model. /" A''re)iations 1. AS=?S" Automated storage and retrieval systems 2. W+)" wor, in process $. S?(" storage retrieval machines '. 55:" time to failure *. 55?" time to repair -. (55:" mean time to failure

'; &. (55?" mean time to repair 6. ABF" Arithmetic logic unit 8. 35(3" continuous (ar,ov chain 1;. 3)F" central processing unit 11. ())" (odulated )oisson )rocess 12. +B)" +nstruction level parallelism 1$. B?F" Beast ?ecently Fsed 1'. 53)" 5ransmission control protocol 1*. (A3" media access control 1-. 3S(A=3D" 3arrier Sense (ultiple Access= 3ollision Detection 1&. ?#D" ?andom #arly Detection 16. ?55" round trip time 18. D(B" Domain (odeling Banguage 2;. 02+" 0etwor,- 2ost- +nterface

3e#eren!es 1/ Discrete-event system simulationA !erry an,s, 3arson, !ohn s., fourth edition. ,)2+ 2/ www.wintersim.org.

'1 $/ www.informs-cs.org=wscpapers.html.