May:Hi, everyone! I am May, the chairperson of Hot Issue. Today, we are going to discuss a hot issue -Child abuse.

Based on our topic, we have invites some guests to tell us more on our pleasure. Firstly, I would like to introduce Education Professor, Mr. Ziv, who has been studying on teaching more than 20 years; Miss Jessica, PhD, professor of counselor of New York University, and Madam Cher, a General of police from our city. Before we started our conversation, we have to know about what is child abuse. What is the meaning of child abuse? Does everyone know about the meaning? (..answer from audiences) So, Miss Jessica can you please tells us a proper meaning of child abuse based on your professional knowledge. Jessica: My pleasure. Child abuse is the bad treatment of a child under the age of 18 by a parent, caretaker, someone living in their home or someone who works with or around children. Abuse of a child is anything that causes injury or puts the child in danger of physical injury. May : Thank you so much, Miss Jessica. Do you have any add-on, Mr., Ziv? Ziv : Of course. Jessica is right about the child abuse. Actually child abuse can be physical, sexual, emotion and neglect. Physical injury such as burns or broken bones, sexual injury like touching of private parts or incest, for the emotion injury like belittling, constant teasing and for the last is neglect, for example absence of adequate food, shelter. May : Thank you Mr. Ziv. Yeap, you are absolutely right. There was a case happened recently. This case is about sexual abuse. It was happened to a 15 years old girl. Miss. Cher, can you give us the causes of child abuse. Cher : Alright. Many people have difficulty understanding why any person would hurt a child. The public often assumes that people who abuse their children suffer from mental disorders, but fewer than 10 percent of abusers have mental illness. Child abuse results from a complex

combination of personal and social. These may be grouped into two primary categories which arefamily structure and social stress. May: Thank you for your opinion. Miss, Jessica would you like to give some elaboration about the family structure? Jessica: Certain types of families have an increased risk of child abuse and neglect. However, single-parent families usually earn less money than others families, so this may account for the increased risk of abuse. In addition, families in which either the husband or wife dominates in making important decisions such as where to live, how much money to spend on food or housing and so on will have higher rates of child abuse than families in which parents share responsibility for these decisions. May : Thank you so much. Miss Cher would you like to explain about social stress for child abuse? Ziv : Why not. Stress bought on by a variety of social conditions raises the risk of child abuse within a family. A large majority of reported cases of child abuse come from families living in poverty. Alcohol and drug use may aggravate stress and stimulate violent behavior. Certain characteristics of children, such as mental retardation or physical or developmental disabilities can also increase the stress of parenting and the risk of abuse. May : Child abuse gives the victim a lot of effect. The different types of child abuse will cause the different type of effect to the victim. Miss Cher can you give us some effect about the physical and sexual toward the victim? Cher : The effect for the physical abuse is almost the same with the neglect abuse. May, would you like to let me example it at the same time? May : Of course. Cher :Thank you. Research investigating the effect child abuse and neglect has on overall physical health has largely focused on outcomes in

adulthood. A common form of abuse affecting the health of babies is shaken baby syndrome. Health problems resulting from shaken baby syndrome may include brain damage, spinal cord injuries and even death. For the effect of sexual abuse toward the victim, the girl victim will have a high risk of pregnancy. Research has consistently linked teenage pregnancy with experiences to sexual abuse. May : Thanks a lot Miss. Cher. Miss Jessica would you like to explain about the effect for the emotional abuse. Jessica: Yes. Eating disorder is one of the effects of emotional abuse. Eating disorders, including anorexia and binge-purge behavior, may also be associated with child abuse. The victim may lack of concentration. It will be hard for the victim to concentration on something. It is because he/she is feeling upset and normally is hard for them to concentrate. May : Thanks a lot Jessica. Prevention is better than cure. Mr. Ziv could you give us some way to prevent child abuse? Ziv : Let us talk about the ways to strengthening families. One of the ways to strengthening families carried out parent education. Parent education programs focus on enhancing parenting practices and behaviors. Parent is the role model of their child. Parent education programs focus on decreasing parenting practices and behaviors associated with child abuse and neglect. May : Thanks Mr. Ziv. This prevention is really helping us to prevent child abuse. Miss. Cher would like to give us another way to prevent child abuse? Cher : My pleasure. Lets us move on awareness & creating supportive communities. Public awareness can be part of an overall approach to preventing child abuse. By planning effective and newsworthy activities, communities can help promote healthy parenting practices, child safety skills, and protocols for reporting suspected

maltreatment. Everyone can make a difference on the life of a childit only takes a minute. May: Nice word, Miss Cher. You are definitely right, everyone can make a difference on the life of a child, and it only takes a minute. Is time to Q&A now guests are like to answer any of your questions about child abuse. Is time now, see you next time, BYEBYE (say together)