Fossil Fuels power our use of transportation, including cars, power stations and our aircrafts.

Fossil fuels are formed from the fossilized remains of plants and animals. Forming pressure and heat inside our earths crust for millions of years, now becoming the fuel we use today. Most commonly used for petrol, coal and natural gases. Fossil fuels are an non renewable source of energy. This means that we have nite amount of it in our earth. At the rate of extraction today, it will not be long until most of the fossil fuels become exhausted. However, there has been strong interest to nd renewable sources that is healthy for our eco-system, Wind, water and solar technologies can provide 100 per cent of the worlds energy, eliminating all fossil fuels. Mark Z. Jacobson & Mark A. Delucchi stated. A carbon footprint had been dened as the total sets of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by an organization, event, product or person. (UK Carbon Trust. Retrieved 17-03-13). Greenhouse gases can be emitted through the use of our transport, It is often expressed as the amount of the carbon dioxide that has been emitted. Transportation is responsible for around 25 per cent of Europe alone, making it the second largest greenhouse gas emitted sector after energy. Reduction of greenhouse gases being emitted from transport is required to improve the health of our environment. Commissioners have carried out an study to investigate the technologies that are needed to achieve a reduction of the amount of emissions being emitted into our earth. Energy Efciency can be improved by traveling in more fuel-efcient vehicles. EPA and the National Highway Trafc Safety Administration (NHTSA) are planning to enable the production of new technologies to improve clean use of vehicles, through reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and improving the use of fuel from on road vehicles and engines, from everyday cars to large trucks. EPA is responsible for developing the regulations to ensure that transportation fuel in the United States contains minimal amounts of renewable fuel. The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) program relations were developed to bring help to reners, renewable fuel producers, and many other stake holders. Under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, the RFS program was expanded in several key ways: - To increase the amount of renewable fuel required to be blended in transportation fuel from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 Billion gallons by 2022. (EISA, 2007) - Expand the RFS program to include diesel, in addition to gasoline. (EISA, 2007) - The establishment of an new category of renewable fuel. (EISA, 2007) Energy conservation can be improved by reducing personal energy use by switching off lights and electronics when not in use and reducing the distance travelled by cars are both ways to reduce energy CO2 emissions. Most cars use non-renewable sources to fuel there car, therefore not being nite. Making a Fuel Switch to more renewable sources and using fuel with lower carbon contents will reducing emissions. Science has been applied to rectify the carbon footprint using a simple method, using alternative transportation technologies. Three different non-fossil fuels transportation are Battery electric vehicles, Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, Hydrogen internal combustion vehicles. Battery electric vehicles are shown to have a signicantly lower carbon footprint than vehicles that use gasoline. Developing non-fossil fuels based energy technologies is an extremely difcult task. Transportation being a challenging establishment of a carbon-free energy economy for the future, due to the fact that it is needed that they must be portable. The effectiveness of this science has been proven to be able to achieve a reduction to the amount of fossil fuels being emitted in our environment. The main advantage to hydrogen fuel vehicles is the fact that they produce much less levels of emissions than a traditional, gasoline powered engine. Based on data from the United States Department Of Energy,

fuel cell cars produce much less emissions than hybrid cars. Vehicles using hydrogen fuels only used water and heat in which is emitted from they tailpipes. The only source of emission is the production of hydrogen fuels. However, the Department of Energy claries that gasoline-powered vehicles still produce up to 14 times more than greenhouse gases than an hydrogen-powered vehicle. Use of this science have effected the economy, bringing an advantage. Due to the price of hybrid models, instead of the vehicle being cheaper, but being more fuel-efcient within the internal combustion. Using hybrid cars save money from gasoline, and reduce the amount of carbon dioxide being emitted into our environment. All the price of the car and its repair is high, the reduction of this can help the environment in many ways. As the market continues to increase, hybrid car prices will fall and manufacturers can be guaranteed being more secure. A large proportion of the use of gasoline-powered cars has brought ecological harm with the change in the atmosphere of our planet. Humans are constantly producing and adding harmful gases, such as greenhouse gases, the the atmosphere at an concerning and extremely harmful pace. Greenhouse gasses trap heat inside earths atmosphere effectively protecting and insulating the planet, considerably being a good thing. However, having too much amounts of gases in our atmosphere causes to increase the overall temperature of the planet, causing the rise of heat being trapped. It is this reaction that is causing a climate change that we are physically seeing to our planet, labeled as global warming. Global warming is causing major issues by melting polar ice caps and rising sea levels, causing ooding in most coastlines areas. by the reaction of global warming it is causing mass erosions, mud slides, diseases and humid climate. A increase of greenhouse gases will change the intensity of the seasons, causing droughts and increase the frequency and impact of large storms. Overtime our earth will be completely ooded by the heat and melting of polar ice caps. The reduction of fossil fuels being emitted in our atmosphere will effect the reaction of earths physically features. The use of renewable source in transportation will slowly improved the health of the atmosphere and stop the rapid speed of global warming.

REFERENCE http://www.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/sad1109Jaco5p.indd.pdf Wind, water and solar technologies can provide 100 per cent of the worlds energy, eliminating all fossil fuels. Published November 2009, Retrieved 17th March 2013. http://www.carbontrust.com/client-services/footprinting/footprint-measurement the total sets of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by an organization, event, product or person. Published Unknown. Retrieved 17th March 2013. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/renewablefuels/index.htm Published Unknown Retrieved 17 March 2013. http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/index_en.htm Transportation is responsible for around 25 per cent of Europe alone, making it the second largest greenhouse gas emitted sector after energy Published 06 January 2011, Retrieved 17th March 2013. U.S. Department of State (2007). Fourth Climate Action Report to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: Projected Greenhouse Gas Emissions.U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC, USA. Retrieved 17th March 2013. http://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.cfm?t=epmt_1_1 EIA. (2012). U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 17th March 2013. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/regulations.htm EPA and the National Highway Trafc Safety Administration (NHTSA) are taking coordinated steps to enable the production of a new generation of clean vehicles, through reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improved fuel use from on-road vehicles and engines, from the smallest cars to the largest trucks. Retrieved 17 March 2013. http://www.fuelcellmarkets.com/fuel_cell_markets/5,1,1,663.html However, the Department of Energy claries that gasoline-powered vehicles still produce up to 14 times more than greenhouse gases than an hydrogen-powered vehicle. Retrieved 17th March 2013. http://auto.howstuffworks.com/economic-impact-of-hybrid-cars.htm Retrieved Information 17th March 2013.

Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Officially Published 17 December 2012. Retrieved Information 17th March 2013. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-042810-194328/unrestricted/ Hybrid_Cars_IQP.pdf Michael Belivea, James Rehberger, Jonathan Rowell, Alyssa Xarras. Officially Published April 28 2010. Retrieved information 17th March 2013. http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/co2.html#Trends- Examples of Reduction Opportunities. Retrieved Information 17th March 2013. http://www.carbontrust.com/resources/guides/carbon-footprinting-and-reporting/carbonfootprinting Unknown Publish Date. Retrieved Information 17th March 2013.