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CHOW JIE LUN JOLIN CHAY SITI NORHANIZA << Enter once>> 6 ATAS BESTARI << Enter 12 >>

MAKTAB SULTAN ABU BAKAR, JOHOR BAHRU

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DEDICATION << From word DEDICATION Enter 2 times with 2.0 spacing>>

<Tab> I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor, Professor Dr. Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar and my co-supervisor, PM Dr Nor Aziah bt Buang, for their keen and endless guidance, encouragement, critics and inspiration till the success and completion of this work.

Special thanks to Associate Professor Dr. Rusmidah Ali for her sincere helps in carrying out my research. I am also grateful to Mr. Abd. Kadir, Mr. Hamzah, Mr. Hairol, Mr. Rahim, Mdm. Asma, Mr. Mokhtar Md. Khir, Mr. Abd. Hanan, Mr. Mokhtar Abu Bakar, Mr. Azidy, Mr. Zainal Abidin, Mr. Jefri (Faculty of Mechanical), and Mr. Mohamad (Institute of Ibnu Sina) for their help in my laboratory works.

I wish to express here, my sincere appreciation and thanks to all lecturers and staffs from chemistry department, and my fellow friends that had directly and indirectly helped me throughout this research project was carried out.

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ABSTRACT << From word ABSTRACT Enter 2 times with 2.0 spacing>>

<Tab> Water is one of the natural resource, but direct consumption without pretreatment is not save to consume.................. (Make sure there is only 1 paragraph with maximum 100 words )

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TABLE OF CONTENT << From word TABLE OF CONTENT Enter 2 times with 2.0 spacing>>
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CHAPTER DEDICATION ABSTRACT

TITLE

PAGE i ii iii 1 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12

TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION TO TITLE 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW PROBLEM STATEMENTS OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY 2.1 2.2 2.3 APPARATUS AND MATERIAL PROCEDURES DATA COLLECTION

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 3.1 3.2 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS INTEPRETATION AND DISCUSSIONS

CONCLUSION REFERENCES APPENDIXES

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CHAPTER 1 << Enter>> INTRODUCTION TO TITLE << From word ABSTRACT Enter 3 times with 2.0 spacing>>

1.1<2 X Tab> INTRODUCTION << From a new sub-chapter Enter 2 times with 2.0 spacing>> <Tab> Water is one of the natural resource, but direct consumption without pretreatment is not save to consume <<For a new paragraph, press Enter 2 times with 2.0 spacing>> <Tab>In the modern 20th century............. (this is how we change a paragraph. When you are about to open another point, follow the instruction. << From final line of the sub-chapter Enter 3 times with 2.0 spacing>>

1.2

LITERATURE REVIEW

<< From a new sub-chapter Enter 2 times with 2.0 spacing>> <Tab> According to Sheild [1] and Brandon et. al. [2], amount of chlorine in the treatment of water................ (bracket [1] and [2] mean in REFERENCE section later, you must write as reference no 1and reference no 2) (the term et. al. is used if there are many authors in a research)

1.3

PROBLEM STATEMENT

According to Sheild [1] and Brandon et. al. [2], amount.............

1.4

OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH

Based on the problem statement, a few objective is set .................

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CHAPTER 2 << Enter 2 times>> METHODOLOGY << From word ABSTRACT Enter 3 times with 2.0 spacing>>

2.1

APPARATUS AND MATERIALS

In order to successfully conducting the experiment, the following apparatus and materials were used. Apparatus used are as follow : 50 mL beaker ; 250 mL conical flask .....

The chemicals used in this experiment includes sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 2.0 M ; 37.0% hydrochloric acid (HCl) ; chloroform (CHCl3) ;

2.2

PROCEDURES

<< From a new sub-chapter Enter 2 times with 2.0 spacing>> <Tab> As mentioned in the literature review, the method applied in this research is Kolbe's method, as suggested by Shield [1] earlier. The procedures were described below :

2.3

DATA COLLECTIONS

In this experiment, the data collected were recorded in the table as described below : Exp Initial volume / cm3 Final volume / cm3 Volume used / cm3 1 2 3 4 5

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REFERENCE << From word ABSTRACT Enter 3 times with 2.0 spacing>>

1.

Sheild, I. V.. (2003). Science and technology of novel processes for deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams: a review. Fuel. 82 (6), 607-631. Elsevier. <<For a new paragraph, press Enter 2 times with 1.5 spacing>>

2.

Ania, C. O., Parra, J. B., Arenillas, A., Rubiera, F., Bandosz, T. J., and Pis, J. J. (2007). On the mechanism of reactive adsorption of dibenzothiophene on organic waste derived carbons. Applied Surface Science. 253 (13), 58995903. Elsevier

3.

Khan, M. R., and Al-Sayed, E. (2008). Hydrocarbon desulfurization to clean fuels by selective oxidation versus conventional hydrotreating. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects. 30 (3), 200-217. Taylor and Francis.

4.

Khare, G. P. (2002). U.S. Patent No. 6,482,314. Retrieved on November 19, 2002, from http://www.freepatentsonline.com/

5.

Kilanowski, D. R., Teeuwen, H., De Beer, V. H. J., Gates, B. C., Schuit, B. C. A. and wart, H. (1978). Hydrodesulfurization of thiophene, benzothiophene,

dibenzothiophene, and related compounds catalyzed by sulfided CoOMoO3Al2O3: low-pressure reactivity studies. Journal of Catalysis. 55 (2), 129-137.

6.

Klimov, O. V., Pashigreva, A. V., Fedotov, M. A., Kochubey, D. I., Chesalov, Y. A., Bukhtiyarova, G. A., and Noskov, A. S. (2010). Co-Mo catalysts for ultradeep HDS of diesel fuels prepared via synthesis of bimetallic surface compounds. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical. 322 (1-2), 80-89. Elsevier.

7.

Kumagai, S., Ishizawa, H., and Toida, Y. (2010). Influence of solvent type on dibenzothiophene adsorption onto activated carbon fiber and granular coconut-shell activated carbon. Fuel. 89 (2), 365-371. Elsevier. Leon, C. A., and Radovic, L. R. (1994). Interfacial chemistry and electrochemistry of carbon surfaces. In Thrower, P. A. (Ed.). Chemistry and physics of carbon vol. 24. (pp. 213-310). New York: Dekker.