John Ivan V.

Gabis BS-Criminology

January 11, 2014

ACTIVITY NO. 2

Physical evidence usually involves objects found at the crime scene. Physical evidence may consist of all sorts of prints such as fingerprints, footprints, handprints, tidemarks, cut marks, tool marks, even shirts, broken glass or anything that is present at the crime scene is considered a evidence that will give a clue to apprehend the suspects. In documentation of evidence, one of the important tasks of the investigators is recording, describing and determining what are the types of physical evidence. And, as a student it is very hard to us what is the proper way in describing evidences. Physical evidence should be describe clearly, so that, as it will transfer to the laboratory it is easy to identify by the chemist and examined it. We should also state what is the appearance, feature of the evidence and its form as well because clear, concise and exact description of the physical evidence is a better reference for future use. As for example, a powderized drug that is found in the crime and we all know that it is a shabu, in the description of the evidence we could not say that it is a marijuana because we should follow the protocol, before it is said to be a marijuana, we should describe its prescription or features of the evidence then it will brought to the for laboratory findings that it is totally a marijuana.

John Ivan V. Gabis BS-Criminology

January 11. 2014

ACTIVITY NO. 3

Steam distillation is a separation process used to purify or isolate temperature sensitive materials, like natural aromatic compounds. It has also a purpose of separating volatile from non-volatile poisons. Volatile poisons are collected in the distillates while non-volatile poisons remains in the mixture. In this activity, our objective is to test the capacity of steam distillation in the analysis of volatile poison. And as far as I experienced in laboratory testing, it is one of the activity that is very hard to do because all of us is not correct in other questions. I also learned in this activity that we should be very careful in handling substances because it will create a negative result in the test and some substances is bad in our heath and we should wear a proper clothing. We examine test for chlorides (silver nitrate test), test for cyanide(Prussian blue test), test for phosphate(ammonium molybdate test) and test for chloroform (pyridine test). In test for chlorides I learned that if the white precipitate is present, then it is positive for the test. In test for cyanide if there is presence of cyanide, then, it is positive for the test. In test for phosphate if there is yellow precipitate it indicates the presence of phosphate and positive for the test and last the test for chloroform if there is pink color it indicates the presence of chloroform. With all of this test we have only two(2) correct because we became careless in handling substances so that we should avoid contaminating the substances in the air because this gives negative effect in combining those substances. Proper sampling of evidence is necessary that gives a high degree of certainty and positive result to the test that will examined