CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

Is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the decision-making processes of buyers, both individually and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual consumers such as demographics and behavioural variables in an attempt to understand people's wants. It also tries to assess influences on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. It is an area of study that covers each and every aspect and involves the study of individual or groups in a process where they select, purchase, use or dispose of products or services to satisfy needs and desires. Consumers can be of any age who takes part in any of the buying stages

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ONLINE SHOPPING
Online shopping or online retailing is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. Alternative names are: e-web-store, e-shop, e-store, Internet shop, web-shop, webstore, online store, online storefront and virtual store. Mobile commerce (or m-commerce) describes purchasing from an online retailer's mobile optimized online site or app. Retail success is no longer all about physical stores, this is evident because of the increase in retailers now offering online store interfaces for consumers. With the growth of online shopping, comes a wealth of new market footprint coverage opportunities for stores that can appropriately cater to offshore market demands and service requirements.

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LITERATURE REVIEW
Mohammad Hossein at el. Identified that financial risks and non-delivery risk negatively affects attitude toward online shopping. Compared to physical stores, online stores have many advantages: They are convenient and time saving and no more traveling and waiting in lines is needed. They are open in all time and they are accessible anytime and anywhere. These stores provide consumers with free and rich information about products and services. Disadvantages: online stores also have disadvantages compare to brick-and-mortar stores. In online stores customers cant have any sense about the product they see in the internet (seeing, touching, tasting, smelling, and hearing) as they search for and purchase products. In online stores, consumers may develop low trust and perceive elevated risk highly because of the lack of face-to-face communication.

Umair Cheema at el. (2013) have identified the factors that affect online shopping. The factors were perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment. The purpose of this research paper was to create a model based on technology acceptance model in order to find the factors that influence online shopping intentions. The effect of perceived usefulness was not significant on online shopping intentions. This paper also found that perceived ease of use has a significant positive effect on perceived usefulness. This particular result demand to create awareness in the population regarding the benefits of online shopping.

Tonita Perea y Monsuwe at el. identified attitudes towards online shopping and intention to shop online are not only affected by ease of use, usefulness, and enjoyment, but also by exogenous factors like consumer traits, situational factors, product characteristics, previous online shopping experiences, and trust in online shopping.

Weiyin hong at el. suggests that consumers online shopping performance is influenced by both information format utilize and shoppers task. By matching the information format of a web interface with consumers online shopping tasks, the time that consumer spend searching for desired product can be shorten while their recall of product information on the website can be improved.

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Jifeng Luo at el. found that high product uncertainty and low retailer visibility have a

negative impact on customer satisfaction. However, a retailer's service quality, website design, and pricing play important roles in mitigating the negative impact of high product uncertainty and low retailer visibility. Lohse, G.L. at el. examines the relationship among demographics, personal characteristics and attitude towards online shopping. They found that people who are more time constrained tend to buy online more frequently.

Dongchang Liu 1 at el. Identifies Factors affecting consumer behaviour:

In traditional shopping : Condition were place, traffic condition ,distribution, shops Credibility, promotion , service quality ,service mode, shopping environment, experience, shopping preferences, experience background. For online: Web site Visibility, online shops ,Credibility information ,Comparison, payment security, privacy ,Web site interface , convenient ,time, education level, the experience of network. The restrictive factors of online shopping in China

The risk perception of consumer has become the main restrictive factors of online shopping. Commodity quality, timely distribution, information description, means of payment, site integrity were the factors which needs to be improved. Focus was more on entertainment. Internet usage of online music was more than 2/3 of the total population, playing Internet game of Internet users has nearly half. Even if China's population of Internet users more than the United States in next year, its applications will still stay in Entertainment.

Adil Bashir had found the barrier and reason to increase the online shopping in Pakistan. Reasons he found that the best price factor is popular among Pakistani people because generally in online markets prices are lower as against the physical markets. And the most familiar barrier is the low level of trust on online stores therefore; sellers have to make proper strategies to increase the consumers level of trust on them.

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Dreze and Zufryden have found the increasingly crowded online space raises the issue of retailer visibility, defined as the extent of the presence of an online retailer in the consumers environment.

Sanna Penttala &Heidi Saarela .2012 have explained what is Blogging? It is one of the oldest and most traditional forms of social media, which started to emerge in the late 1990s. The concept and usage of blogs have changed in todays world. Consumers are able to comment on their experiences with products and companies and to share them with their friends. So word of mouth is generated & it is for whole world. There are many ways to exchange information &experience of customers. Maximum sale of any brand is through seeing a blog. So according to them It is important for companies to discover how much effect blogs have on the different consumer online buying stages including general product and company selection base on the information they have gathered from online.

This information can guide a company to see where their marketing efforts should be placed and how much attention should be paid to the way in which the company and their products are portrayed in blogs. Therefore fashion blog are a huge advantage to online retail stores in terms of providing inexpensive, attractive marketing for the consumers.

Gurvinder S Shergill identifies the growing use of Internet in New Zealand provides a developing prospect for E-marketers. They focus on factors which online New Zealand buyers keep in mind while shopping online. It also investigates how different types of online buyers perceive websites differently. They found that website design, website reliability/fulfilment, website customer service and website security/privacy are the four dominant factors which influence consumer perceptions of online purchasing. The four types of online New Zealand buyers; i.e., trial, occasional, frequent and regular online buyers; perceived the four website factors differently. These buyers have different evaluations of website design and website reliability/fulfilment but similar evaluations of website security/privacy issues, which implies that security/privacy issues are important to most online buyers.

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Lelia Voinea and Alina Filip.2011 identifies rapid growth of economic importance of new types of consumer , the new consumer whose attitudes, aspirations and purchasing patterns are different from those existing in the past. Research is conducted in different countries and result is that the recession had a strong economic and social impact on consumers. The main objective was to highlight the main changes occurred in the new consumer buying behaviour and to draw a portrait of him after the economic crisis. The result of economic recession is summarized as follows: The need for simplicity, Temperance, Smart consumption, Green consumerism, Ethical consumerism.

George N. Lodorfos at el. Identifies the factors determining e-consumers repurchasing behaviour in the e-business to consumer market. Their approach is within the context of the online CD, Books, music, magazines and DVDs purchasing industry, surveying 211 consumers with prior purchasing experience in this range of products. They have done survey using similar population to identify the most salient beliefs influencing consumers attitude towards e-purchasing. Notably, these beliefs were found to be trust, security and convenience.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_behaviour http://www.google.co.in/imgres?sa=X&biw=896&bih=460&tbm=isch&tbnid=q7Jw5fcmMhg faM:&imgrefurl=http://www.launchengineering.com/Consumer_Marketing.htm&docid=fr Wd8IGQEGVzsM&imgurl=http://www.launchengineering.com/Aprototype/images/Consum er-behaviour.png&w=598&h=425&ei=1rFsUrdGcmyiQfL24HAAg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:2,s:0,i:93&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=167&tbnw=2 35&start=0&ndsp=4&tx=41&ty=30 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shopping THE TREND OF ONLINE SHOPPING IN 21ST CENTURY: IMPACT OF ENJOYMENT IN TAM MODEL (Asian Journal of Empirical Research 3(2):131-141) by : Umair Cheema , Muhammad Rizwan ,Rizwan Jalal, Faiza Durrani ,Nawal SohailUmair What drives consumers to shop online? A literature review Tonita Perea y Monsuwe, Benedict G.C. Dellaert and Ko de Ruyter .Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands An Analysis of Factors Affecting on Online Shopping Behavior of Consumers Mohammad Hossein Moshref Javadi1, Hossein Rezaei Dolatabadi1, Mojtaba Nourbakhsh1, Amir Poursaeedi1 & Ahmad Reza Asadollahi1 Study on the Influencing Factors of Online Shopping Na Wang 1,2, Dongchang Liu 1, Jun Cheng 2 WEB-BASED SHOPPING: CONSUMERS ATTITUDES TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN NEW ZEALAND Gurvinder S Shergill E-CONSUMERS ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR IN THE ONLINE COMMODITIES MARKET George N. Lodorfos, Tom A. Trosterud, Chris Whitworth The Effects of Information Format and Shopping Task on Consumers' Online Shopping Behavior: A Cognitive Fit Perspective Weiyin hong, James yl thong, and Kar yan tam. Study on the effect of blogs on young womens online buying behaviour when purchasing fashion items from online stores .Sanna Penttala &Heidi Saarela .2012

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Analyzing the Main Changes in New Consumer Buying Behavior during Economic Crisis International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011 (July) www.ijept.org by Lelia Voinea, Alina Filip The effectiveness of online shopping characteristics and well-designed websites on satisfaction . Jifeng Luo, Sulin Ba, Han Zhang. Consumer behavior towards online shopping of electronics in Pakistan. Adil Bashir Consumer Behavior Luxury Consumer - Online Satisfaction. Elizabeth Perez-Schafer ,Joana Camilo ,Victoria Baklanova Fact or fiction ! Parimal Vyas Pooja Srinivas The Effects of Information Format and Shopping Task on Consumers' Online Shopping Behavior: A Cognitive Fit Perspective . Weiyin hong, James y.l. thong, and Kar yan tam

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