AP European History Timeline The Renaissance and Exploration 15th Century 1417 End of Great Schism; Single pope

e elected in Catholic Church 1444 Lorenzo Vallas The Elegance of the Latin Language 145 !irth of Leonardo da "inci 145# End of the $undred %ears &ar 1455'5( Gutenberg !i)le printed 147* + Rule of art patron Lorenzo 147+ -arriage of #er inan an e !e i"i in ,lorence

$sabella ./e0 -onarchs1 of Spain

14*5'152+ Rule of Henry V$$ 3SE"E/4 ./e0 -onarch1 of England; start of Tudor d5nast5 14** %artholmeu &ias 36ort4 rounds Cape of Good $ope 14+ End of the 'e"on(uista; Christians capture Granada in Spain "o5age of Columbus 3Spain4 14+4 ,rench in7asion of 8tal59 Lasts until 15 59 14+7'+* 8ndia a Gama 36ortugal4 rounds Cape of Good $ope: South ;frica: and sails on to

14+* 8talian religious reformer )a*onarola )urnt at the sta<e

The Last Supper 3da "inci4

1+th Century 1522 Albre"ht &urers Self'portrait at ;ge * 0ith ,ur Coat 152#'1# 6ontificate of Pope ,ulius $$- The .arrior Pope/

1525 Leonardo paints the -ona Lisa 152( Construction )egins on St9 6eter=s !asilica in Rome 152*'1 !i"helangelo paints Sistine Chapel ceiling 1512'11 Raphael=s The School of ;thens 1511 &esi erius Erasmus 8n 6raise of ,oll5 151# 0i""olo !a"hia*elli The 6rince 151( Thomas !ore >topia %al assare Castiglione !oo< of the Courtier Concordat of !ologna )et0een ,rance and papac5 151( Charles V ta<es po0er in Spain: follo0ed )5 assuming role of $ol5 Roman Emperor 1517 Start of the Reformation 0hich 0as hea7il5 influenced )5 humanism 151+ ?eath of Leonardo da "inci #er inan !agellans 7o5age sets sail to circumna7igate the glo)e

Hernan Cortes lands in -e@ico 15 5 ,rance ends its claims to 8tal59 15# #ran"is"o Pizarro lands on the 0est coast of South ;merica 1541 -ichelangelo paints The Last Audgement

The 'e1ormation an 1+th Century

.ars o1 'eligion

1517 !artin Luther posts his +5 Theses against indulgences Reformation )egins 151+ Charles V elected $ol5 Roman Emperor9 Charles 0as a Spanish $a)s)urg Luther challenges authorit5 of pope and inerranc5 of Church at LeipBig de)ate 15 1 Luther e@communicated Luther condemned )5 &iet o1 .orms 15 1' Luther translates /e0 Testament into German

15 4'15 5 German peasant re7olts 15 + !arburg Collo(uy )et0een Luther and C0ingli 15#2 &iet o1 Augsburg; Luther outlines 6rotestant principles )5 pro7iding ne0 ans0ers to old Duestions9 15# 6arliament passes ;ct for the )ubmission o1 the Clergy 15## Henry V$$$ marries ;nne !ole5n 15#4 )uprema"y A"t declares $enr5 "888 head of the Church of England 15#5 Thomas -ore e@ecuted for opposition to the English Reformation 15#+ $enr5 "888 institutes the )ix Arti"les 15#5 Anabaptists control -unster 15#( ,ohn Cal*ins 8nstitutes of the Christian Religion 1542 ,esuit order created )5 $gnatius o1 Loyola 1545 (# Coun"il o1 Trent responds to the Reformation 155#'5* !ary Tu or restores Catholic doctrine in England

1555 Pea"e o1 Augsburg recogniBes rights of Lutherans to 0orship 155*'1(2# Elizabeth $ fashions ;nglican religious settlement 155( Philip $$ )ecomes <ing of Spain: replacing Charles "9 Rules until 15+* 155+ $a)s)urg'"alois 0ars end 155+ ,rancis 88 )ecomes <ing of ,rance 3Catherine de -edicis is regent4 15( #ren"h .ars o1 'eligion begin 15(# 2 Thirty-0ine Arti"les 3England4 15(7 &ut"h re*olt against )pain begins9 &ars of ?utch independence continue until the /etherlands full independence is recogniBed )5 the Pea"e o1 .estphalia 157 )t/ %artholome3s &ay 4#ran"e5 massacre lea7es thousands of 6rotestants dead 15** ?efeat of the Spanish ;rmada )5 English na75 15*+ $enr5 of /a7arre 0ins &ar of the Three $enr5s; !ecomes Henry $V 15+* Edict of /antes 3$enr5 8"4 En o1 #ren"h .ars o1 'eligion

6hilip 88 of Spain dies 1(12 $enr5 8" assassinated 1(1* 1(4* Thirty 6ears .ar )egins in the German states 3!ohemia4 1(4* Treaty o1 .estphalia 2 En o1 the .ars o1 'eligion

Scientific Re7olutionEAgri"ultural 'e*olutionE8ndustrial Re7olution 154# /icolas Copernicus pu)lishes Fn the Re7olution of the $ea7enl5 Spheres 1575-1+88 2 Cornelius Vermuy en 2&ut"h engineer 2 lan re"lamation

1(25 ,rancis !acon Gs The ;d7ancement of Learning ,ather of empiricism 0ho attac<ed scholasticism 1(2+ Aohann Hepler=s The /e0 ;stronom5 f' 6lanetar5 or)its are elliptical: not circular as Copernicus )elie7ed9 1(12 Galileo Galilei=s The Starr5 -essenger 1( 2 ,rancis !acon=s /o7um Frganum 1(# Galileo Galilei=s ?ialogue on the T0o Chief &orld S5stems 1(## Trial of Galileo for heres5 1(#7 Rene ?escartes pu)lishes ?iscourse on -ethod 1(51 Thomas $o))es pu)lishes Le7iathan 1((( -argaret Ca7endish=s F)ser7ations upon E@perimental 6hilosoph5 1((* Ca7endish=s Grounds of /atural 6hilosoph5 1+89-1891 2 ,ethro Tull 2 a *o"ate o1 iron plo3s an 1+89-18:; 2 Charles To3nsen 2 "rop rotation planting by rilling

1(*7 8saac /e0ton=s ;n Essa5 Concerning $uman >nderstanding E@plained 0h5 planets mo7e in an orderl5 fashion 3gra7it549 The s5nthesis of the Scientific Re7olution9 1(+2 Aohn Loc<e=s ;n Essa5 Concerning $uman >nderstanding 6erson=s mind at )irth is a )lan< slate 3ta)ula rasa4 Loc<e=s T0o Treatises on Go7ernment The dut5 of a go7ernment is to protect human=s natural rights of life: li)ert5 and propert5

172 -aria &in<leman disco7ers a comet 18<5-75 2 'obert %a=e3ell 2 sele"ti*e bree ing o1 animals 18:: 2 Hames >ay 2 #lying )huttle 18+1-187< 2 Parliament passes a series o1 en"losure la3s 18+5- ,ames Hargrea*es 2 )pinning ,enny 18+7 2 'i"har Ar=3right 2 .ater #rame

18+7 2 ,ames .att 2 )team engine 18;8 2 E mun Cart3right 2 Po3er loom

Politi"s o1 the 18th-1;th Centuries ;)solutism: Constitutionalism: repu)lican go7ernments England: #ran"e: /etherlands: Prussia: 'ussia 15;7-1+1? 2 'eign o1 Henry $V o1 #ran"e@ begins mo*ing to3ar s absolutism 1(22 !ritish East 8ndia Compan5 formed 1(2# Elizabeth $ 3England4 dies end of the Tudor d5nast5 that started 0ith $enr5 "88; Aames "8 of Scotland )ecomes ,ames $ of England; !eginning of Stuart d5nast5 1(24 $ampton Court ConferenceE!illenary Petition 1+1?-1+9: 2 'eign o1 Louis A$$$@ !ain a *isor 3as Car inal 'i"helieu 1(11 ' Hing Aames 7ersion of !i)le is pu)lished 1( 2 6uritan separatists form 6l5mouth Colon5 in /orth ;merica 1( 5 Charles $ )ecomes <ing of England

1( *' 6etition of Right 1( + Charles dissol7es 6arliament; rules for 11 5ears 0ithout 6arliament 1(#4 Ship ta@ 1(#7 ;rch)ishop Laud attempts to impose ;nglican 0orship on Scottish 6res)5terians 1(42 Long 6arliament con7enes9 !eginning of 2 5ear parliament 1+9?-1+;; 2 'eign o1 #re eri"= .illiamB the Great Ele"tor 1(4 English Ci*il .ar )egins 1+9:-1815 2 'ule o1 Louis A$V 2 %uil s absolute monar"hy in #ran"e >no3 ColbertB Lou*oisB an Vauban 4all a *isors o1 Louis A$V5 1+9; 2 The #ron e in Paris 1(4* 6ride=s 6urge 6res)5terians )arred from sitting in 6arliament; ;ll 0ho 0ere against Crom0ell and his /e0 -odel ;rm5 0ere not allo0ed in 6arliament 1(4+ Charles 8 e@ecuted 1(4+'1((2 Common3ealth era9 /o <ing9 England ruled mostl5 )5 Cli*er Crom3ell 1((2 The Restoration of the English monarch5; Charles $$ comes to throne 1((1'(5 Series of la0s called the Claren on Co e e@cluded Catholics: 8ndependents: and 6res)5terians from political life of England9 1(72 Treat5 of ?o7er )et0een England and ,rance 1(7 English 6arliament passes Test A"t ;ll go7ernment officials must renounce transu)stantiation something that a Catholic could ne7er do9 ;ct 0as aimed at Aames 88 1(7* 6opish plot 1+;< 2 Versailles be"omes Louis A$Vs personal resi en"e/ 1+;<-18<5 2 'eign o1 Peter the Great o1 'ussia 1(*5 ,ames $$ )ecomes <ing of England9 ?e7out Catholic9

'e*o"ation o1 E i"t o1 0antes by Louis A$V 1(** Glorious 'e*olution 1+;;-181:- #re eri"= .illiam $B >ing o1 Prussia 1(*+ English %ill o1 'ights@ .illiam an !ary proclaimed English monarchs

1+78 2 Peter the Greats trip to .estern Europe 1721 171# &ar of Spanish Succession 171# Treaty o1 Dtre"ht ends the 0ar of Spanish Succession 1815 2 Louis A$V ies@ su""ee e by Louis AV

1815-1889 2 'eign o1 Louis AV 18?: 2 #oun ing o1 )t/ Petersburg 18<1- Peter abolishes position o1 Patriar"h 18<< 2 Table o1 'an=s publishe 17#+ &ar of Aen<ins Ear 1742 -aria Theresa comes to the throne of ;ustria 1742 174* &ar of ;ustrian Succession 1742'17*( ,rederic< 88 3the Great4 rules 6russia 175( Con7ention of &estminster 3G! and 6russia form defensi7e alliance4 ,rance and ;ustria sign defensi7e alliance 175( 17(# Se7en %ears &ar; Treaty o1 Paris ends Se7en %ears= &ar 18+< 2 'ule o1 Catherine the Great o1 'ussia 177 '17+5 Three different partitions of 6oland )5 Russia: 6russia: and ;ustria 188:-1885 2 Puga"he* 'ebellion in 'ussia in 'ussia

1889-187< 2 'eign o1 Louis AV$

The EnlightenmentB Enlightene

AbsolutismB an

the #ren"h 'e*olution

1(*7 8saac /e0ton=s 6rincipia -athematica 1(+2 Loc<e=s Essa5 Concerning $uman >nderstanding 17 1 !aron de -ontesDuieu=s 6ersian Letters 1742'17*( Rule of ,rederic< 88 of 6russia 174* !aron de -ontesDuieu=s Spirit of the La0s # )ranches of go7ernment 1751 ,irst 7olume of ?iderot=s Enc5clopedia 17( '17+( Rule of Catherine the Great of Russia 17(4 Cesare !eccaria Fn Crime and 6unishment end death penalt5 1774'17+ Reign of Louis I"8 177( ;dam Smith &ealth of /ations capitalism; free mar<ets 17*1 Aoseph 88 adopts toleration in ;ustria 17** ;ssem)l5 of /ota)les fails to sol7e financial crisis: Estates General called 17*+ 3-a5 4' Estates General con7ened 17*+ 3Aune4 ,ormation of /ational ;ssem)l5 17*+ 3Aune4 Tennis Court Fath 17*+ 3Aul54 Storming of the !astille 17*+ 3Aul5';ugust4 The Great ,ear

17*+ 3;ugust4 6ri7ileges of the 1st and

nd

Estate are stripped a0a5

17*+ 3;ugust4 ?eclaration of Rights of the -an and the CitiBen 17*+ 3Fcto)er4 &omen=s -arch to "ersailles 17+2 Ci7ilian Constitution of the Clerg5 17+1 /e0 constitution of ,rance created 17+ Constitution of 17+1 a)olished &ollstonecraft=s "indication of the Rights of &oman 17+ '17+7 ,irst Coalition of countries formed against ,rance; ,rance at 0ar 17+# E@ecution of Louis I"8 Reign of Terror )egins 17+4 Thermidorian Reaction; End of the Reign of Terror 17+5 Rule of ,rance )5 the ?irector5 17++ /apoleon !onaparte