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R EM E D I AL L AW ( JU R IS D IC TION AN D P R E LIM IN AR I E S ) MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001

JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS JURISDICTION OF THE SUPREME COURT 1. ORIGINAL jurisdiction over cases involving ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; petitions or certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto and habeas corpus !concurrent "ith R#$%. &. Revie", revise, reverse, modi ', or a irm on appeal or certiorari, inal judgments o lo"er courts in( a. $ases in "hich the constitutionalit' or validit' o an' treat', international or e)ecutive agreement, la", decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance or regulation is in *uestion; b. $ases involving the legalit' o an' ta), impost, assessment, or toll, or an' penalt' imposed thereto; c. $ases involving the jurisdiction o lo"er courts; d. All criminal cases in "hich the penalt' imposed is reclusion perpetua or higher; e. All cases in "hich onl' an error or *uestion o la" is involved. JURISDICTION OF THE COURT OF APPEALS 1. ORIGINAL jurisdiction to issue "rits o mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, habeas corpus, and quo warranto, and au)iliar' "rits or processes, "hether or not in aid o its appellate jurisdiction !concurrent "ith +$ and R#$s% &. ,-$L.+I/, original jurisdiction over actions or annulment o judgments o R#$s. 0. ,-$L.+I/, appellate jurisdiction over all inal judgments, decisions, resolutions, orders or a"ards o R#$s and *uasi1judicial agencies, bodies, or commissions, EXCEPT those "hich all "ithin the appellate jurisdiction o the +$, namel'( a. $O2,L,$; b. $ommission on Audit; c. +andiganba'an. JURISDICTION OF THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURTS I. ORIGINAL A. $I/IL $A+,+ 1. $ases "here the subject o the litigation is incapable o pecuniar' estimation; &. Involving the title to, or possession o , real propert', or an' interest therein, "here the assessed value o the propert' involved e)ceeds 3&4,4445 364,444, EXCEPT actions or orcible entr' and unla" ul detainer( 0. All actions in admiralt' and maritime jurisdiction "here the demand or claim e)ceeds 3&44,44453744,444; 7. 3robate proceedings, both testate and intestate, "here the gross value o the estate 3&44,44453744,444; 6. In all actions involving the contract o marriage and marital relations; 8. In all cases not "ithin the e)clusive jurisdiction o an' court, tribunal, person or bod' e)ercising jurisdiction; 9. In all civil actions and special proceedings alling "ithin the e)clusive original jurisdiction o a :uvenile and ;omestic Relations $ourt and o the $ourt o Agrarian Relations as no" provided b' la"; and <. In all other cases in "hich the demand, e)clusive o interest, damages o "hatever =ind, attorne'>s ees, litigation e)penses, and costs or the value o the propert' in controvers' e)ceeds 3&44,44453744,444;

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R EM E D I AL L AW ( JU R IS D IC TION AN D P R E LIM IN AR I E S ) MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001

?. $RI2INAL $A+,+ All criminal cases not "ithin the e)clusive jurisdiction o an' court, tribunal, or bod' EXCEPT those "ithin the jurisdiction o the +andiganba'an, "here the penalt' e)ceeds 8 'ears imprisonment irrespective o ine, or i onl' a ine is imposable, e)ceeds 38,444, regardless o the amount o civil liabilit'. Manzano vs. Valera R.A. 98@1 places jurisdiction over criminal cases "here the penalt' is 8 'ears or less "ith the 2#$s. Libel is punishable b' prision correcional in its minimum and medium periods and prision correcional has a range rom si) months and one da' to si) 'ears. ON the other hand, Art. 084 o the R3$ gives jurisdiction over libel cases to the $AI !no" R#$%. #he latter is a special la" "hich must prevail over general la"s. 2oreover, rom the provisions o R.A. 98@1, there seems to be no mani est intent to repeal or alter the jurisdiction in libel cases. #hus, R#$s still have jurisdiction over libel cases. II. A33,LLA#, All cases decided b' the lo"er courts !2#$s% in their respective territorial jurisdictions. NOTE no trial de novo; case is decided on the basis o decision and supporting a idavits. JURISDICTION OF THE FAMILY COURTS (R.A. 836 ) Aamil' $ourts shall have e)clusive original jurisdiction to hear and decide the ollo"ing cases( 1. $riminal cases "here( a. One or more o the accused is belo" eighteen !1<% 'ears o age but not less than nine !@% 'ears o age, OR b. One or more o the victims is a minor at the time o the commission o the o ense. Provided! #hat i the minor is ound guilt', the court shall promulgate sentence and ascertain an' civil liabilit' "hich the accused ma' have incurred. #he sentence, ho"ever, shall be suspended "ithout need o application pursuant to the B$hild and Couth Del are $odeB; &. 3etitions or guardianship, custod' o children, habeas corpus in relation to the latter; 0. 3etitions or adoption o children and the revocation thereo ; 7. $omplaints E orF( a. Annulment o marriage b. ;eclaration o nullit' o marriage c. #hose relating to marital status and propert' relations o ( i. Gusband and "i e OR ii. #hose living together under di erent status and agreements, AN; d. 3etitions or dissolution o conjugal partnership o gains; 6. 3etitions or support and5or ac=no"ledgment; 8. +ummar' judicial proceedings brought under the provisions o the BAamil' $ode o the 3hilippinesB; 9. 3etitions or( a. ;eclaration o status o children as i. Abandoned ii. ;ependent OR iii. Neglected children

R EM E D I AL L AW ( JU R IS D IC TION AN D P R E LIM IN AR I E S ) MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001

b. /oluntar' or involuntar' commitment o children; c. #he suspension, termination, or restoration o parental authorit' and other cases cogniHable under B$hild and Couth Del are $odeB, ,)ecutive Order No. 68, !+eries o 1@<8%, and other related la"s; <. 3etitions or the constitution o the amil' home; @. $ases against minors cogniHable under the ;angerous ;rugs Act, as amended; 14. /iolations o Republic Act No. 9814, other"ise =no"n as the B+pecial 3rotection o $hildren Against $hild Abuse, ,)ploitation and ;iscrimination Act,B as amended b' Republic Act No. 986<; and 11. $ases o domestic violence against( a. Domen Dhich are acts o gender based violence that results, or are li=el' to result in ph'sical, se)ual or ps'chological harm or su ering to "omen; and other orms o ph'sical abuse such as battering or threats and coercion "hich violate a "oman>s personhood, integrit' and reedom o movement; AN; b. $hildren Dhich include the commission o all orms o abuse, neglect, cruelt', e)ploitation, violence, and discrimination and all other conditions prejudicial to their development. I an act constitutes a criminal o ense, the accused or batterer shall be subject to criminal proceedings and the corresponding penalties. I an' *uestion involving an' o the above matters should arise as an incident in an' case pending in the regular courts, said incident shall be determined in that court. ;ecisions and orders o the court shall be appealed in the same manner and subject to the same conditions as appeals rom the ordinar' Regional #rial $ourts. JURISDICTION OF THE MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURTS! METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURTS AND THE MUNICIPAL CIRCUIT TRIAL COURTS A. $I/IL $A+,+
1. $ivil actions and probate proceedings, testate and intestate, including the grant

o provisional remedies "here the demand, e)clusive o interest, damages, attorne'Is ees and costs, does not e)ceed 3144,4445&44,444.
&. ,)clusive original jurisdiction over cases o

orcible entr' and unla" ul detainer; issue o o"nership resolved onl' to determine issue o possession. A ter lapse o 1 'ear, 2#$ loses jurisdiction, and case becomes one or recover' o possession de "ure !accion publicicana%, although 2#$ ma' still have jurisdiction i value o propert' does not e)ceed 3&4,444564,444.

0. Actions involving personal propert' valued at not more than 3144,4445&44,444. 7. Actions involving title or possession o real propert' "here the assessed value

doe not e)ceed 3&4,444564,444.

6. Inclusion5e)clusion o voters.

?. $RI2INAL :.RI+;I$#ION
1. /iolations o cit' or municipal ordinances. &. All o enses punishable "ith not more than 8 'ears imprisonment, irrespective o

ine, or a ine o not more than 38,444, regardless o civil liabilities and accessor' penalties.

R EM E D I AL L AW ( JU R IS D IC TION AN D P R E LIM IN AR I E S ) MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001

SUMMARY PROCEDURE I. $A+,+ A33LI$A?L, A. $I/IL $A+,+ 1. All cases o orcible entr' and unla" ul detainer irrespective o amount o damages or unpaid rentals; "ithout *uestion o o"nership; attorne'Is ees not e)ceeding 3&4,444 i *uieting o o"nership; resolved to determine *uestion o possession. &. Other civil cases EXCEPT probate proceedings, "here the total amount o the claim does not e)ceed 314,444, e)clusive o interest and cost. ?. $RI2INAL $A+,+ 1. /iolation o tra ic la"s, rules, regulations &. /iolation o rental la"s 0. /iolations o cit' or municipalit' ordinances 7. All other criminal cases "here the penalt' does not e)ceed 8 months or a ine o 31444 or both 6. ;amage to propert' through criminal negligence "here the ine does not e)ceed 314,444. II. 3ROGI?I#,; 3L,A;ING+ AN; 2O#ION+ 1. 2otion to dismiss or *uash EXCEPT or lac= o jurisdiction over subject matter or ailure to compl' "ith #atarun$an$ Pambaran$a% !LG$% re*uirements &. 2otion or bill o particulars 0. 2otions or ne" trial, reconsideration, re1opening 7. 3etition or relie rom judgment 6. 2otion or e)tension o time to ile pleadings, a idavits 8. 2emoranda 9. 3etition or certiorari, mandamus, and prohibition against an' interlocutor' order issued b' the court <. 2otion to declare de endant in de ault @. ;ilator' motion or postponement 14. Repl' 11. #hird1part' complaints 1&. 2otion or intervention JURISDICTION OF THE HOUSING AND LAND USE REGULATORY BOARD (HLURB) ,-$L.+I/, jurisdiction over
1. .nsound real estate business practices &. $laims involving re und and an' other claims iled b' subdivision lot or condominium

unit bu'er against the project o"ner, developer, dealer, bro=er, or salesman
0. $ases involving speci ic per ormance o contractual and statutor' obligations iled b'

bu'ers o subdivision lots or condominium units against the o"ner, developer, dealer, bro=er, or salesman JURISDICTION OF THE KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY (UNDER THE LOCAL GO"ERNMENT CODE OF 1 1) 1. No complaint, petition, action or proceeding involving an' matter "ithin the authorit' o the lupon shall be iled or instituted directl' in court or an' other government o ice or adjudication, unless( a. #here has been a con rontation bet"een the parties be ore the lupon chairman or pan$&at, AN;

R EM E D I AL L AW ( JU R IS D IC TION AN D P R E LIM IN AR I E S ) MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001

b. #hat no conciliation or settlement has been reached as certi ied b' the lupon'pan$&at secretar' as attested to b' lupon chairman or pan$&at chairman, or unless such settlement has been repudiated b' the parties thereto &. (isputes sub"ect to Conciliation )equirement residing in the same cit' or municipalit' All disputes bet"een parties actuall'

GOD,/,R, the court in "hich non1criminal cases not alling "ithin the authorit' o the Lupon ma', at an' time be ore trial, re er the case to the lupon or amicable settlement. 0. ,-$,3#ION+ #O $ON$ILIA#ION R,J.IR,2,N# !+$ $ircular 171@0% a. Dhere one part' is the government, or an' subdivision or instrumentalit' thereo ; b. Dhere one part' is a public o icer or emplo'ee, and the dispute relates to the per ormance o his o icial unctions; c. Dhere the dispute involves real properties located in di erent cities and municipalities, unless the parties thereto agree to submit their di erence to amicable settlement b' an appropriate *upon; d. An' complaint b' or against corporations, partnerships or juridical entities, since onl' individuals shall be parties to +aran$a% conciliation proceedings either as complainants or respondents !+ec. 1, Rule /I, #atarun$an$ Pambaran$a% Rules%; e. ;isputes involving parties "ho actuall' reside in baran$a%s o di erent cities or municipalities, EXCEPT( i. Dhere such baranga' units adjoin each other, AN; ii. #he parties thereto agree to submit their di erences to amicable settlement b' an appropriate *upon; . O enses or "hich the la" prescribes a ma)imum penalt' o imprisonment e)ceeding one !1% 'ear or a ine over ive thousand pesos !36,444.44%;

g. O enses "here there is no private o ended part'; h. ;isputes "here urgent legal action is necessar' to prevent injustice rom being committed or urther continued, speci icall' the ollo"ing( i. $riminal cases "here accused is under police custod' or detention; ii. 3etitions or habeas corpus b' a person illegall' deprived o his right ul custod' over another or a person illegall' deprived o his libert' or one acting in his behal ; iii. Actions coupled "ith provisional remedies such as preliminar' injunction, attachment, deliver' o personal propert' and support during the pendenc' o the action; AN; iv. Actions "hich ma' be barred b' the +tatute o Limitations. i. j. An' class o disputes "hich the 3resident ma' determine in the interest o justice or upon the recommendation o the +ecretar' o :ustice; Dhere the dispute arises rom the $omprehensive Agrarian Re orm La" !$ARL% !+ections. 78 K 79, R.A. 8869%;

=. Labor disputes or controversies arising rom emplo'er1emplo'ee relations !Monto%a vs. Esca%o! et al., 191 +$RA 77&; Art. &&8, Labor $ode, as amended, "hich grants original and e)clusive jurisdiction over conciliation and mediation o disputes, grievances or problems to certain o ices o the ;epartment o Labor and ,mplo'ment%; l. Actions to annul judgment upon a compromise, "hich ma' be iled directl' in court.

R EM E D I AL L AW ( JU R IS D IC TION AN D P R E LIM IN AR I E S ) MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001

7. /,N., OA 3RO$,,;ING+( S#$%&$#'( 3arties reside in same baran$a% 3arties reside in di erent baran$a%s ")(%) #hat baran$a% +aran$a% "here respondent, or an' o the respondents, actuall' resides, at the option o the complainant

;isputes involving real propert' or interest +aran$a% "here propert' is situated therein ;isputes arising at the "or=place "here +aran$a% "here such the contending parties are emplo'ed, or at institution is located the institution "here such parties are enrolled or stud' "or=place or

Objections to venue shall be raised in the mediation proceedings be ore the punon$ baran$a%; other"ise, the' are deemed "aived. Legal *uestions con ronting the punon$ baran$a% "hich might arise in resolving such objections are to be submitted to the +ecretar' o the ;O:, "hose ruling shall be binding. 6. ,AA,$# OA NON1$O23LIAN$,( a. ;ismissal upon motion o de endants or ailure to state cause o action or prematurit'; OR b. +uspension o proceedings upon petition and re erral o case motu proprio to appropriate baran$a% authorit'. 8. 3RO$,;.R, AOR A2I$A?L, +,##L,2,N#( a. $omplainant pa's appropriate iling ees, and shall complain, orall' or in "riting, to the lupon chairman o the baranga'; b. *upon chairman shall ma=e attempts at mediation; i he ails "ithin 16 da's rom date o irst meeting, he shall set a date or the constitution o a pan$&at n$ ta$apa$sundo !0 members; chosen b' the parties rom the list o the members o the lupon% c. Pan$&at shall have po"er to issue summons, and shall hear both parties and their "itnesses, and attempt to arrive at an amicable settlement. It shall arrive at said settlement or resolution o the dispute "ithin 16 da's rom the da' it convenes. ;uring the period "hile the dispute is under mediation, the prescriptive periods or o enses, and or causes o action shall be interrupted upon iling o the complaint "ith the punong baranga'. +aid interruption shall not e)ceed 84 da's rom said iling. In all proceedings, parties must appear in person "ithout the assistance o counsel or representatives, EXCEPT or minors and incompetents "ho ma' be assisted b' their ne)t1o 1=in "ho are not la"'ers. 9. Amicable settlement shall have the orce and e ect o a inal judgment upon the e)piration o 14 da's rom its date, unless( a. It is repudiated, or Repudiation must be done "ithin 14 da's, b' iling a s"orn statement "ith the lupon chairman; #he grounds or repudiation are vitiation o consent b' raud, violence or intimidation; +uch repudiation is a su icient basis or the issuance o a certi ication or iling a complaint "ith the court. b. A petition to nulli ' the settlement is iled in the proper cit' or municipal court #he above does not appl' to cases not "ithin jurisdiction o the lupon but submitted to it. In this case, the compromise agreed upon b' the parties

R EM E D I AL L AW ( JU R IS D IC TION AN D P R E LIM IN AR I E S ) MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001

be ore the lupon5pang=at chair shall be submitted to the court and upon approval thereo , shall have the orce and e ect o a judgment o said court. <. ,-,$.#ION OA A2I$A?L, +,##L,2,N#( a. Dithin 8 months rom date o settlement( b' the lupon. b. #herea ter, b' action in the appropriate cit' o municipal court @. $,R#IAI$A#ION OA +,),N-,. A.#GORI#I,+ ! or iling a complaint in court% shall be issued onl' upon compl'ing "ith the ollo"ing re*uirements( a. Issued b' lupon secretar' and attested b' lupon chairman5 punon$ baran$a%, that con rontation too= place and conciliation settlement "as reached, but subse*uentl' repudiated. b. Issued b' pan$&at secretar' and attested b' pan$&at chairman, that( i. #here "as a con rontation but no settlement; OR ii. #here "as no personal con rontation "ithout an' ault on the part o the complainant. c. Issued b' the Punon$ +aran$a%, as re*uested b' the proper part', on the ground o ailure o settlement, "here the dispute involves members o the same indigenous cultural communit', "hich shall be settled in accordance "ith the customs and traditions o that particular cultural communit', or "here one or more o the parties to the a oresaid dispute belong to the minorit' and the parties mutuall' agreed to submit their dispute to the indigenous s'stem o amicable settlement, and there has been no settlement as certi ied b' the datu or tribal leader or elder, to the Punon$ +aran$a% o the place o settlement I mediation or conciliation proved unsuccess ul be ore punong baranga' there having been no agreement to conciliate, OR respondent ailed to appear be ore punong baranga', Punon$ +aran$a% shall not issue the certi ication !because no" mandator' or him to constitute the Pan$&at be ore "hom mediation, conciliation, or arbitration proceedings shall be held.% JURISDICTION OF THE SANDIGANBAYAN A. ORIGINAL 1. /iolations o ( a. LAnti1Gra t and $orrupt 3ractices ActM; b. R.A. 109@ !LAn Act ;eclaring Aor eiture in Aavor o the +tate o An' 3ropert' Aound to Gave ?een .nla" ull' Ac*uired ?' An' 3ublic O icer or ,mplo'ee and 3roviding or the 3roceedings #here orM%; or c. #itle /II, $hapter II, & o the R3$ !i.e.! Articles &141&1& o R3$% Dhere one or more o the principal accused are o icials occup'ing the ollo"ing positions in the government, "hether in a permanent, acting or interim capacit', at the time o the commission o the o ense( i. O icials o e)ecutive branch occup'ing positions classi ied as Grade &9 or higher

ii. 2embers o $ongress and o icials thereo classi ied as Grade &9 or higher iii. 2embers o the :udiciar', "ithout prejudice to the provisions o the $onstitution !on impeachment% iv. $hairmen and members o the $onstitutional $ommissions, "ithout prejudice to the provisions o the $onstitution v. All other national and local o icials classi ied as Grade &9 or higher; or &. Other o enses or elonies, committed b' public o icials and emplo'ees mentioned in N1, in relation to their o ice, "hether simple or comple)ed "ith other crimes

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R EM E D I AL L AW ( JU R IS D IC TION AN D P R E LIM IN AR I E S ) MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001

0. $ivil and criminal cases iled pursuant to and in connection "ith ,)ecutive Order Nos. 1, &, 17 and 171A. ?. A33,LLA#, I none o the principal accused are occup'ing positions o grade &9 or higher, original jurisdiction "ill be "ith either the 2#$ or R#$; +? "ill e)ercise e)clusive appellate jurisdiction on said cases. #he procedure prescribed in ?3 ?lg. 1&@, as "ell as the implementing rules that the +upreme $ourt has promulgated and ma' herea ter promulgate, relative to appeals5petitions or revie" to the $ourt o Appeals shall appl' to appeals and petitions or revie" iled "ith the +andiganba'an. $. NO#,+( 1. 3rivate individuals charged as co1principals, accomplices or accessories "ith the public o icers or emplo'ees shall be tried jointl' "ith said public o icers and emplo'ees in the proper courts &. An' provisions o la" or Rules o $ourt to the contrar' not"ithstanding, the criminal action and the corresponding civil action or the recover' o civil liabilit' arising rom the o ense charged shall at all times be simultaneousl' instituted "ith, and jointl' determined in, the same proceeding b' the +andiganba'an or the appropriate courts, the iling o the criminal action being deemed to necessaril' carr' "ith it the iling o the civil action, and no right to reserve the iling o such civil action separatel' rom the criminal action shall be recogniHed. 0. ;ecisions o the +andiganba'an( a. Appealable to the +$ b' petition or revie" on certiorari raising pure *uestions o la" in accordance "ith Rule 76 o the Rules o $ourt; b. I +? imposes penalt' o reclusion perpetua or higher, the decision shall be appealable to the +$ b' Notice o Appeal; c. I penalt' imposed is death, revie" b' the +upreme $ourt shall be automatic, "hether or not the accused iled an appeal. REMEDIAL LAW DEFINITIONS*CONCEPTS JURISDICTION AND "ENUE DIFFERENTIATED JURISDICTION Authorit' to hear and determine a case A matter o substantive la" Ai)ed b' la" and cannot be con erred b' the parties ,stablishes a relation bet"een the court and subject matter CLASSIFICATIONS OF JURISDICTION 1. -eneral vs. /peci0ic'*imited( -eneral 1 po"er to adjudicate all controversies EXCEPT those e)pressl' "ithheld rom the plenar' po"ers o the court /peci0ic'*imited 1 restricted to particular cases and subject to such limitations as ma' be provided b' the governing la" &. Ori$inal vs. ,ppellate Ori$inal O po"er o the court to ta=e judicial cogniHance o a case instituted or judicial action or the irst time ,ppellate O authorit' o a court higher in ran= to ree)amine the inal order or judgment o a lo"er court "hich tried the case no" elevated or judicial revie" "ENUE $ourt5place "here the case is to be tried and heard A matter o procedural la" 2a' be con erred b' the act or agreement o the parties ,stablishes a relation bet"een plainti and de endant, or petitioner and respondent

R EM E D I AL L AW ( JU R IS D IC TION AN D P R E LIM IN AR I E S ) MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001

0. E2clusive vs. Concurrent E2clusive O po"er to adjudicate a case or proceeding to the e)clusion o all other courts at that stage Concurrent O also =no"n as con luent or coordinate jurisdiction; po"er con erred upon di erent courts, "hether o the same or di erent ran=s, to ta=e cogniHance at the same state o the same case NOTE General Rule( :urisdiction, once ac*uired, continues until the case is inall' terminated. E2ceptions 1. &. 0. Dhen a subse*uent la" provides a prohibition or the continued e)ercise o jurisdiction; Dhere the la" penaliHing an act is punishable is repealed b' a subse*uent la"; Dhen accused is deprived o his constitutional right such as "here the court ails to provide counsel or the accused "ho is unable to obtain one and does not intelligentl' "aive his constitutional right; Dhere the statute e)pressl' provides, or is construed to the e ect that it intended to operate as to actions pending be ore its enactment; Dhen the proceedings in the court ac*uiring jurisdiction is terminated, abandoned or declared void; Once appeal has been per ected.

7. 6. 8.

CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS 1. )eal! personal and mi2ed )eal O brought or the protection o real rights, land, tenements, or one ounded on privit' o estate onl' Personal O not ounded upon the privit' o real rights or real propert' Mi2ed O brought or protection or recover' o real propert' and also or an a"ard or damages sustained &. 3n rem! in personam! and quasi in rem 3n rem O not directed against particular persons but against the thing itsel ; object is to bar indi erentl' all "ho might be minded to ma=e objection against the right sought to be en orced; hence, judgment is binding upon the "hole "orld !e.$.! land registration; special proceedings% 3n personam O directed against particular persons on the basis o their personal liabilit' to establish a claim against them; judgment is binding onl' upon the parties impleaded and their successors in interest ! e.$., action or breach o contract% 4uasi in rem O directed against particular persons, but the purpose o "hich is to bar and bind not onl' said persons but an' other person "ho claims an' interest in the propert' or right subject o the suit ! e.$. action or judicial oreclosure o mortgage% 0. Transitor% vs. local Transitor% O one the venue o "hich depends generall' upon the residence o the parties, regardless o "here the cause o action arose ! e.$., personal actions% *ocal O one re*uired b' the Rules to be instituted in a particular place in the absence o an agreement to the contrar' !e.$.! real actions% +INDS OF PARTIES 1. )eal part% in interest 5 person having an interest in the subject o the action and in obtaining the relie demanded.

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R EM E D I AL L AW ( JU R IS D IC TION AN D P R E LIM IN AR I E S ) MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001

&. 3ndispensable part% 5 a person "ithout "hom no inal determination can be had o an action. 0. Proper part% 5 a person "ho is not indispensable but should be included i complete relie is to be accorded as bet"een those alread' parties. 7. Pro 0orma part% 5 a husband or "i e "ho is re*uired to be joined in suits b' or against his spouse 6. 4uasi1parties 5 those in "hose behal a class or representative suit is brought; parties not initiall'5 ormall' impleaded as original parties but later bind themselves to compl' "ith the terms o a judgment or compromise rendered therein. PLEADINGS Pleadin$ O "ritten allegation o the parties o their respective claims and de enses submitted to the court or trial and judgment. +INDS OF PLEADINGS 1. $O23LAIN# O concise statement o the ultimate acts constituting the plainti Is cause or causes o action. &. AN+D,R O pleading "here an adverse part' sets orth negative and a irmative de enses upon "hich he relies. a. Ne$ative (e0ense O speci ic denial o a act alleged. b. ,00irmative (e0ense O an allegation o ne" matter "hich, though admits the material allegations o the complaint, nevertheless prevents recover'. 0. $O.N#,R$LAI2 O an' claim or mone' or other relie "hich a part' ma' have against an opposing part'. a. Compulsor% Counterclaim O one arising out o or is necessaril' connected "ith the subject matter o the claim !e.$.! recoupment%. b. Permissive Counterclaim O does not arise or is not connected "ith the subject matter o the claim !e.$.! set1o %. 7. $RO++ $LAI2 O claim b' one part' against a co1part' arising out o a transaction or occurrence "hich is the subject matter o the action or counterclaim. 6. R,3LC O a pleading that denies or alleges acts in denial o ne" matters alleged b' "a' o de ense in the ans"er "ith the purpose o joining the issues as to such ne" matters. 8. #GIR;13AR#C $O23LAIN# O a claim "hich a de ending part' ma' ile against a person not a part' to the action or contribution, indemnit', subrogation or an' other relie . OTHER DEFINITIONS /peci0ic (enial 5 speci ic allegation o the act the truth o "hich he does not admit and setting orth the substance o the matter relied upon to support the denial OR allegation o lac= o =no"ledge or in ormation su icient to orm a belie as the truth o the averment. Ne$ative Pre$nant 5 a orm o denial "here onl' the *uali ication or modi ication o the act alleged is denied "hile the act itsel is admitted. /ummons 5 an order directed to a de endant in the name o the court and under its seal directing that the de endant ans"er the complaint upon ailure o "hich judgment "ill be ta=en. Motion O application or an order not included in the judgment. /ubpoena O process directed to a person re*uiring him to attend and to testi ' at a hearing or the trial or to bring "ith him an' boo= or thing under his control.

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R EM E D I AL L AW ( JU R IS D IC TION AN D P R E LIM IN AR I E S ) MEMORY AID ATENEO CENTRAL BAR OPERATIONS 2001

(emurrer to Evidence O a motion to dismiss based on insu icienc' o evidence o the prosecution. Preliminar% ,ttachment O an order o the court granted at the commencement o the action or at an' time be ore entr' o judgment to seiHe the propert' o the debtor in advance o inal judgment to hold it or the purpose o satis 'ing the judgment. Preliminar% 3n"unction 5 an order granted at an' stage o an action prior to the judgment or inal order re*uiring a person to re rain rom a particular act. Preliminar% Mandator% 3n"unction 5 an order re*uiring the per ormance o a particular act. Criminal Complaint 5 s"orn "ritten statement charging a person "ith an o ense subscribed b' an o ended part', peace o icer, or other public o icer. 3n0ormation 5 an accusation in "riting charging a person "ith an o ense subscribed b' the iscal and iled "ith court. Preliminar% 3nvesti$ation O an in*uir' or proceeding or the purpose o determining "hether there is su icient ground to engender a "ell1 ounded belie that a crime has been committed and that the respondent is probabl' guilt' thereo . ,rrest 5 ta=ing a person into custod' in order that he ma' be bound to ans"er or the commission o an o ense. +ail O the securit' or the release o a person in custod' o the la" urnished b' him or a bondsman conditioned upon his appearing be ore an' court as re*uired under the condition hereina ter speci ied. Propert% +ond 5 an underta=ing constituted as lien on the real propert' given as securit' or the amount o bail.