CORROSION CONTROL

METHOD

Corrosion Inhibitor
Painting and Lining
Cathodic Protection
Designing for Corrosion Control

CORROSION INHIBITOR

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Several Mechanisms
2-3 ,
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CORROSION INHIBITOR

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Based on working mechanism

(anodic)
(cathodic)

4 component of corrosion
anode, cathode, electrolyte,
electronic conductor

(ohmic)
(organic)
(precipitation-inducing)
(vapor phase)

 (Anodic)
Passivating Inhibitors

Evans diagram
( ).

More Positive
(+)

E
x
More Negative
(-)

Anode
Polarization

Corrosion
Current
with Inhibitor
Log I

Initial
Corrosion
Current

(Anodic)
Passivating Inhibitors
(+) passivating inhibitor
Dangerous inhibitor? ;

(oxidizing):
chromate, nitrite, nitrate
Anodic site

(nonoxidizing):

phosphate, tungstate, molybdate

, , pH,

(Anodic)
Passivating Inhibitors

Mechanism: Chromate study

3 , invisible

, cathodic to steel,

:
E.g., sour environment(H2S => free S)

:
/
Critical concentration: depassivation

pH

 (Cathodic)
Cathodic poisons:
( / )
Cathodic precipitate:

.

More Positive
(+)

E
x
More Negative
(-)

Cathodic Polarization

Corrosion
Current
with Inhibitor
Log I

Initial
Corrosion
Current

 (Cathodic Inhibitor)

Cathodic poisons


.
Examples
Arsenic,

bismuth, antimony :
Sulfide , selenide:
organic inhibitor

 (Cathodic Inhibitor)

Cathodic poisons:
: hydrogen blistering,


7,000MPa(1 x 106 psi)

 (Cathodic Inhibitor)
-
pH
Examples: Ca, Mg, Zn ion

Calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc hydroxide

(natural water) pH
phosphate, silicates cathodic anodic

Lime stone (Calcium carbonate)

, Ca(HCO3)2
pH CaO
pH porous deposit
pH
Langelier index: pH pH

 (Cathodic Inhibitor)
Oxygen Scavenger
pH 6
21oC : 8ppm

(diffusion and convection)

Scavenger:

 (Cathodic Inhibitor)
Oxygen Scavenger

Low temperature
Sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

High temperature
Hydrazine

Co, Mn, Cu salts (, Al X)

 (Ohmic)

Mechanism

Bulk

,
,

 (Organic)

 (Organic)

Cationic inhibitor:
amine(-NH2)

Anionic inhibitor:
sulfonates

: -zero charge-

cathionic inhibitor

 (Organic)

Synergism with Halogen:

halogen

I- >Br- > Cl- > FOrganic amine I-

(-)

 (Organic)
Effect of Molecular Structure:
Size of molecules
No general rule
Chain length

 (Organic)
Adsorption:
Equilibrium
Conc. in solution Conc. on surface


Precipitation Inhibitors

( )/
Silicate, phosphate

pH 7.0

Silicate
Rust
5 10ppm, 2-3ppm

Ca, Mg phosphate 2-3ppm

(red water)

aerated water saturation index


Precipitation Inhibitors

Phosphate
aerated water 10ppm
(oxygen concentration cell)

calcium phosphate 2
Calcium
Chromate, nitrate


VPI, vapor phase inhibitor or VCI, volatile corrosion inhibitor

Closed system
Transfer by volatilization from a source
Boiler system
volatile basic compound transferred with steam to protect
condenser tube from CO2 acidic corrosion

Shipping container
volatile solid (nitrite, carbonate, benzoate salt of dicyclohexylamine,
cyclohexylamine, hexamethylene-imine)


VPI, vapor phase inhibitor or VCI, volatile corrosion inhibitor

Organic portion: volatility

hydrolysis
Nitrite, benzoate passivating
Carbonate: alkalinity


VPI, vapor phase inhibitor or VCI, volatile corrosion inhibitor
: High volatility
: not too high volatility
Dicyclohexylamine nitrite: 0.0002 mmHg, 2.2 kg per 100 m2

Protect steel, aluminum, and tin plate

Increase corrosion of zinc, magnesium, cadmium

Cyclohexylamine carbonate: 0.4 mmHg, 2.2 kg per 30 m2

Protect steel, aluminum, solder, tin and zinc
Increase corrosion of copper, brass, and magnesium

Salt concentration
pH
Dissolved oxygen
Interfering species

Environmental Factor

Dissolved

oxygen

(0.1 ppm )

benzoate, nitrite

pH
,

Environmental Factor

Interfering

species

(HCO3-)

(Ca++) (Mg++) bicarbonate

(Cl-)


:

Sulfate:

Environmental Factor
Strong acid
Hydrochloric

acid

Picking process
0.2%

of an organic compound(aniline, pyridines, thiourea or

sulfonated castor oil)

Cathodic inhibitor: Na3AsO4

Sulfuric

acid

Oxidizing , no inhibitor
Phosphoric

KI

acid

,

(Wet oil)
:
,

Wet oil
Organic inhibitor: amines, lecithin, mercaptobenzotriazole
Inorganic inhibitor: nitrite, nitrate

, batch, squeeze .

batch

, 1 ,


( , ,
)

Batch ( )

(oil well) ,
.
. 2
.

,


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Zinc chromate
.



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Chromate :


: / /
:
: (deaeration)
(aeration)
gas stripping tower
steam stripping . Aeration
.

: skimmer ( ), separator ()


:
/ pH/ / /
: sodium zeolite

pH :
(CaCO3)
, (
), pH
alkalinity pH
pH,
, pH

pH : ,


:
(demineralization):
deionization/ /

(desalination):

(oxygen scavenger):


.
, .