Gas Outflow through a Hole from a Pressurized Container

Reference:
Methods for the calculation of physical effects - due to releases of hazardous materials (liquids & gases)
"Yellow Book" - CPR14E
For theory and equations refer the worksheet - "Theory & Equations"
Calculations
Inputs
Compressed Gas
Molecular Mass
Vessel Pr, P0 =

Hydrogen
2 kg/kg-mole
50 bara

Temp, T0 =

15 C
3
100 m
0.1 m

Vessel Vol., V=
Hole size, dh =
Disch. Coeff., Cd =

0.62

Final Time, tend =

30 s

No. of time-steps, Nt =

50

(considered to be appropriate choice)

3

Gas Density, 0 =

4.131 kg/m

1.427 ( = Cp / Cv)

@P0, T0

Cv =

10000 J/kg-k

@P0, T0

Downstream Pr, Pa =

@P0, T0

1.01325 bara

Outputs
Hole C/S Area, Ah =

2
0.007854 m

P0 / P a =

49

Flow =
Outflow Coeff., =
Time Change, T =

Critical
1
0.6 s

Time after Rupture, s

0
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3
3.6
4.2
4.8
5.4
6
6.6

Gas Density, ,
Pressure at Hole
kg/m3
Gas Temp., K
Inlet, bara
Flow Rate, kg/s
4.131
288.15
50
15.25
4.039
285.47
47.94
14.77
3.951
282.86
46.46
14.38
3.865
280.30
45.03
14.00
3.781
277.76
43.66
13.64
3.699
275.27
42.33
13.28
3.619
272.80
41.04
12.94
3.541
270.37
39.81
12.60
3.466
267.97
38.61
12.28
3.392
265.60
37.46
11.96
3.320
263.26
36.34
11.66
3.250
260.96
35.26
11.36

7.2
7.8
8.4
9
9.6
10.2
10.8
11.4
12
12.6
13.2
13.8
14.4
15
15.6
16.2
16.8
17.4
18
18.6
19.2
19.8
20.4
21
21.6
22.2
22.8
23.4
24
24.6
25.2
25.8
26.4
27
27.6
28.2
28.8
29.4
30

Prepared by:
Email:
Revision Status:

3.182
3.116
3.051
2.988
2.926
2.866
2.808
2.751
2.695
2.640
2.587
2.536
2.485
2.436
2.388
2.341
2.295
2.250
2.206
2.164
2.122
2.081
2.041
2.002
1.964
1.927
1.891
1.855
1.821
1.787
1.754
1.721
1.690
1.659
1.629
1.599
1.570
1.542
1.514

Ankur Srivastava
Chemical Engineer
ankur_2061@hotmail.com
1st Issue

258.68
256.44
254.22
252.03
249.87
247.74
245.64
243.56
241.51
239.48
237.48
235.50
233.55
231.63
229.72
227.84
225.99
224.15
222.34
220.55
218.79
217.04
215.31
213.61
211.92
210.26
208.61
206.98
205.38
203.79
202.22
200.67
199.13
197.62
196.12
194.63
193.17
191.72
190.29

34.22
33.22
32.25
31.31
30.40
29.52
28.67
27.85
27.06
26.29
25.54
24.82
24.13
23.45
22.80
22.17
21.56
20.97
20.39
19.84
19.30
18.78
18.27
17.78
17.31
16.85
16.40
15.97
15.55
15.14
14.74
14.36
13.99
13.63
13.28
12.94
12.61
12.29
11.98

11.08
10.80
10.53
10.26
10.01
9.76
9.52
9.29
9.06
8.84
8.63
8.42
8.22
8.02
7.83
7.65
7.47
7.29
7.12
6.95
6.79
6.63
6.48
6.33
6.19
6.05
5.91
5.78
5.65
5.52
5.40
5.28
5.16
5.05
4.94
4.83
4.72
4.62
4.52

s (liquids & gases)

priate choice)

Total Mass
Release, kg
0
9.15
18.01
26.64
35.04
43.22
51.19
58.95
66.51
73.88
81.06
88.05

94.87
101.52
108.00
114.31
120.47
126.48
132.33
138.05
143.62
149.06
154.36
159.54
164.59
169.52
174.34
179.04
183.62
188.10
192.48
196.75
200.92
205.00
208.98
212.87
216.66
220.38
224.01
227.55
231.02
234.41
237.72
240.96
244.12
247.22
250.25
253.21
256.10
258.94
261.71