SECURE ATMS BY IMAGE PROCESSING

SECURE ATM BY IMAGE PROCESSING ABSTRACT This paper encloses the information regarding the IMAGE PROCESSING And disc!ssed of one of the ma"or application image processing An Image ma$ (e defined as a t%o dimensional f!nction f /,'$0 %here , and $ are spatial/plane0 coordinates ,' $ is called intensit$ or gra$ le&el of the image at that point )hen ,' $ and the amplit!de &al!es of f are all finite' discrete *!antities' %e call the image a digital image Interest in digital image areas1 impro&ement of pictorial information for h!man interpretation1 and representation for a!tonomo!s machine perception The entire process of Image Processing and starting from the recei&ing of &is!al information to the gi&ing o!t of description of the scene' ma$ (e di&ided into three ma"or stages %hich are also considered as ma"or s!( areas' and are gi&en (elo% /i0 Discreti!ation an" re#resentation1 Con&erting &is!al What is Digital Image Processing %%% 2333pro"ects com %%% f!llinter&ie% com %%% chetanaspro"ects com information into a discrete form1 s!ita(le for comp!ter processing1 appro,imating

#IOMETRICS #iometrics technolog$ allo%s determination and &erification of ones identit$ thro!gh ph$sical characteristics To p!t it simpl$' it t!rns $o!r (od$ in to $o!r pass%ord )e disc!ssed &ario!s (iometric techni*!es li+e finger scan' retina scan' facial scan' hand scan etc T%o algorithms ha&e (een proposed ($ ta+ing (iometric techni*!es to a!thenticate an ATM acco!nt holder ' ena(ling a sec!re ATM ($ image processing #iometrics is no% applied in &ario!s p!(lic and pri&ate sectors No do!(t' (iometrics is going to (e ne,t generations po%erf!l sec!rit$ tool-.

&is!al information to sa&e storage space as %ell as time re*!irement in s!(se*!ent processing /ii0 Processing $Impro&ing image *!alit$ ($ filtering etc 4 compressing data to sa&e storage and channel capacit$ d!ring transmission %iii& Anal'sis$ E,tracting image feat!res4 *!alif$ing shapes' registration and recognition )e concentrated on h!man interpretation application and de&eloped t%o algorithms %hich can ma+e the ATM sec!re ($ image processing ()O*er*ie+ )ith the increasing necessit$ of e5mail accessing and Internet reso!rces and the con&enience it offers serio!s sec!rit$ concerns also arise Internet is &!lnera(le to intr!ders %ho are al%a$s snooping to find open comp!ters in the net%or+ to steal personal files' information or ca!se an$ damage The loss of these records' emails or c!stomer files can (e de&astating ()(Dra+ ,ac- o. #ass+or"s/nee" .or Biometrics No more pro(lems if forgotten pass%ords and id codes' (iometrics is

the technolog$ ta+ing care of it %hich t!rns $o!r (od$ into $o!r pass%ord T$picall$' the more rigoro!s $o! ma+e $o!r pass%ord selection and constr!ction r!les the more diffic!lt$ !sers %ill ha&e in remem(ering their pass%ords 6nfort!natel$' strict pass%ord r!les are necessar$ to stop simple hac+er attac+s on the net%or+ The f!ndamental pro(lem %ith pass%ord is t%o fold 7irst' the$ are transfera(le the$ can (e %ritten do%n on paper' the$ can (e transferred to some one %ho sho!ld not ha&e them Second' and "!st as important' the$ can (e forgotten Recent research s!ggests that a forgotten pass%ord can cost as m!ch as 6S8 9:3 per e&ent. This is nt too s!rprising Clearl$' the ris+ and costs of compromised pass%ords are a significant facto to consider in de&eloping an$ s!re s$stem The critical need for additional le&el of sec!rit$ has gi&en rise to the field of ;#IOMETRICS< 0)Intro"1ction The present generation sec!rit$ iss!e is considered the (asic TCP=IP encr$ptions and other factors that are pro&ided ($ the net%or+ #!t there %as lac+ of consistent identification of indi&id!als' then the ne%l$ de&eloped technolog$

#iometrics' #iometrics

came can

in (e

to

pict!re as

characteristics of a person These incl!de fingerprint &erification' iris anal$sis' facial anal$sis' hand geometr$5&ein patterns' ear recognition' odor detection and ?NA pattern anal$sis The (eha&ioral (ased techni*!es' %hich meas!re the (eha&ior of a person These incl!de hand %ritten signat!re ma"or &erification steps These and are is speech the a anal$sis These techni*!es in&ol&e t%o A!thentication @ the &erification A!thentication than a mass searching process of one5to one comparison' rather process Identification is a process of chec+ing for a partic!lar identit$ in the data(ase a&aila(le The setting of the error tolerance of these s$stems is critical to their performance #oth errors Re"ection and 7alse Acceptance0 Sho!ld (e lo% and the$ sho!ld (oth are *!oted ($ the man!fact!rers 2)3o+ ,iometric technolog' +or-s Process in&ol&ed in !sing a (iometric s$stem for sec!rit$ is1 /7alse

defined

recogni>ing and identif$ing a person (ased on ph$siological or (eha&ioral characteristics #iometrics technologies are applied in the follo%ing sectors1 P!(lic ser&ices' la% enforcement' These feat!res' (an+ing' ph$sical access control and control and comp!ter net%or+s incl!de fingerprints' facial

retina shape' speech' hand%riting' etc #iometrics can (e !sed to pre&ent !na!thori>ed access to ATMs' smart cards' des+top PCs %or+stations' cell!lar phones' home sec!rit$ s$stems' door loc+s' etc The ad&anced #iometrics sol!tion !ses a more sophisticated The method design called of an ;identification<

ad&anced sol!tion ena(les the prod!ct to search a &er$ large data(ase and pic+ the indi&id!al from the cro%d #iometric is the most sec!re and con&enient a!thentication tool It cant (e (orro%ed Stolen' or forgotten' and forging one is practicall$ impossi(le 0) Classi.ication o. ,iometrics$ The t%o categories of (iometric techni*!es are1 The ph$siological (ased techni*!es' %hich meas!re the ph$siological

person is meas!red4 the meas!re is processed4 and the res!lting data is stored4 At a s!(se*!ent time' the same aspect of a person is meas!red and compared against the stored data If it is 4ig1re() ?!ring enrollment1 20 Capt!re the (iometrics' %hich has to (e stored in the data(ase4 A0 Process the (iometric' e,tract and enroll the (iometric template4 90 Store the template in a local repositor$' a central repositor$' or a porta(le to+en s!ch as a smart card ?!ring access to data(ase1 :0 Bi&e5scan the (iometric feat!re4 C0 Process the (iometric and e,tract the (iometric template4 D0 Match the scanned (iometric against stored templates4 E0 Incase of s!ccessf!l &erification4 pro&ide a matching score to (!siness application4 F0 Record a sec!re a!dit trail %ith respect to s$stem !se #iometric pre&io!sl$ applications capt!red depend on In comparing as ne% meas!re against information (iometric applications' some aspect of a (eing !sed for a!thentication' the ne% data is compared against the data' alread$ in storage for that person If it is (eing !sed for identification' the entire data(ase is searched' in order to locate one or more indi&id!als that are a close fit to the ne% data Most (iometrics technologies do not see+ e,act e*!alit$ (et%een the ne% and the stored meas!res Instead the$ ha&e a pre5set tolerance range %ithin %hich the t%o are deemed to (e s!fficientl$ close In order to red!ce transmission time' costs and to re*!ire less storage space' compression algorithms are !sed To pro&ide (etter transfer rate of data d!ring identification @ a!thentication hashing is !sed Gashing is a process of detecting the perfect match of a partic!lar inp!t record from a large data(ase !sing a hashing f!nction 5)A##lications o. ,iometrics All the information regarding the fingerprints' retina etc- Are digitali>ed and stored This can (e compared %ith a data(ase in seconds and %ith an

e,traordinar$

degree

of

acc!rac$

7ingerprints

are

!sed

in

forensic

7ingerprints ha&e the ad&antage of (eing cheaper and simpler than most other (iometrics 5)(E/commerce A##lications1 E5commerce de&elopers are e,ploring the !se of (iometrics to more acc!ratel$ &erif$ a trading part$s identit$ 5)0 Co*ert S1r*eillance$ 7acial and (od$ recognition (iometric techni*!es come in to pict!re a!tomaticall$ to identif$ +no%n s!spects entering (!ildings or tra&ersing cro%ed sec!rit$ areas s!ch as airports 6)T'#es o. Biometric sec1rit' technologies$ 6)( 4inger scan$ 7inger5scan (iometrics is (ase on the distincti&e characteristics of the h!man fingerprint A fingerprint image is read from a capt!re de&ice' feat!res are e,tracted from the image' and a template is created

applications1 large5 scale' one5to5man$ searches on data(ases of !p to millions of fingerprints These searches can (e done %ithin onl$ a fe% ho!rs ($ !sing A7IS /A!tomated 7ingerprint Identification S$stems0 The (asic in (oth finger scan and finger prints is that the c!r&at!res' deltas' crosso&ers' pores' loops etc' are of a person are capt!red and stored in the data(ase in digiti>ed for and are encr$pted in cases of a!thentication or identification 6)0 Retina scan$ Retina scan re*!ires the !ser to sit!ate his or her e$e %ith H inch of the capt!re de&ice and hold still %hile the reader ascertains the patterns The !ser loo+s at a rotating green light as the patterns of the retina are meas!red at o&er :33 points4 %hich leads a &er$ high le&el off acc!rac$ in comparison to most other (iometrics Retina scan is designed to !se in militar$ facilities' logical sec!rit$ applications s!ch as net%or+ access or PC logic The patterns of (lood &essels on the (ac+ of the h!man e$e are !ni*!e

4ig 1re 0$

from person to person The (lood &essels on the (ac+ of the retina are generall$ sta(le thro!gh ones lifetime' %ith the e,ception of degenerati&e diseases

Since the retina is an internal portion of the e$e' retina scanning is considered intr!si&e Th!s the indi&id!al ma$ (e hesitant to get e,posed to the scanning Moreo&er' retina scanning is a costl$ and sophisticated process 6)2 Iris scan$ The iris has colored strea+s and lines that radiate o!t from the p!pil of the e$e The iris pro&ides (iometric the data most after comprehensi&e

A ma"or pro(lem %ith (iometrics is ho% and %here to store the !sers template Its storage introd!ces pri&ac$ concerns On the other hand' storing the template on a smart card enhances indi&id!al protection indi&id!al templates Inside the e$e is a &er$ delicate area and so' man$ people are &er$ hesitating to !se laser e$e de&ice time ages and T%o primar$ conditions ca!ses of errors affect (iometric data1 en&ironmental #iometrics ma$ change as an indi&id!al En&ironmental conditions ma$ either after the (iometric directl$ /for e,ample' if a finger is c!t and scarred0 or interfere %ith the data collection /for instance' (ac+gro!nd noise %hen !sing a &oice (iometric0 8) 41t1re o. ,iometrics #iometric technolog$ is one area that no segment of the IT ind!str$ can afford to ignore' (iometrics pro&ides sec!rit$ (enefits across the spectr!m' from IT &endors to end !sers' and from sec!rit$ s$stem de&elopers to sec!rit$ s$stem !sers All these ind!str$ sectors m!st e&al!ate the costs and (enefits of implementing s!ch sec!rit$ meas!res pri&ac$ from !sers and attac+' control increases (eca!se their o%n

?NA And the chance that an$ t%o people ma$ ha&e the same pattern is one in 23 to5the5po%er5EF' %hich is %a$ a(o&e the c!rrent pop!lation of the Earth In this scanning' the characteristics of the iris are ta+en into acco!nt A(o!t ADD !ni*!e points are recorded and con&erted into a C2A5($te iris code /some%hat similar to (arcode0 7or recording the iris pattern' a monochrome camera is !sed and the distance (et%een the e$e and the camera can (e at most 9 feet The iris code constr!cted contains information the characteristics and position of the !ni*!e points The iris has more !ni*!e information than an$ other single organ in the (od$ 7)Dra+,ac-s

9)O1r +or- on ,iometrics E&er$ limitations (iometric s$stem has its Therefore' identification

(ased on m!ltiple (iometrics is an emerging trend as m!ltimodel (iometrics can pro&ide a more (alanced sol!tion to the sec!rit$ m!ltimodel s$stems in&ol&e the !se of more than one (iometric s$stem O!r contri(!tion to the a(o&e s!("ect is that %e ha&e de&eloped an algorithm on (an+ing sec!rit$ 7or this %e ha&e considered a (an+ !sing (iometric technolog$ for its sec!rit$ p!rpose The sec!rit$ is ass!red ($ !sing finger scan' &oice scan' hand geometr$ scan and ($ re*!esting the pass%ord gi&en ($ the (an+ for a partic!lar !ser %hen necessar$ The follo%ing are the flo%charts and the algorithms 9)0)(Algorithm1 a0 STEP 21 A person enters the (an+ that !ses (iometric technolog$ /finger scan' &oice scan @ hand scan0 for greater degree of sec!rit$ (0 STEP A1 The person is re*!ested to gi&e his or her fingerprint /as inp!t0 on the finger scan pad
Access the matched file in the d0 ?ata(ase I4 JES /+0 /h0 JES NO

Start

#an+ !sing #iometric technolog$ consisting of finger' &oice and hand

7inger Scan
/(0

/c0
/d0

Ioice Scan
JES

/f0
NO

/g0

7lo%char t 5A

Gand Scan /i0

NO /"0

7lo%chart 5A STOP
4ig1re 2).lo+chart/(

7ingerprint is matched %ith an$ one of the fingerprints a&aila(le in the data(ase /condition0 T3EN' GOTO STEP F E:SE /i e ' if finger print does not find a match0 GOTOSTEP : e0 STEP :1 The person is re*!ested to spea+ fe% %ords' %hich is con&erted into digitali>ed code ($ the &oice scanner f0 STEP C1 The code in the a(o&e step is compared %ith all the &oice codes in the data(ase g0 I4 the T3EN' GOTO ABGORITGM A h0 E:SE /i e ' if the code does not find a match0 GOTO STEP D code is matched /condition0

I4 the data is matched T3EN'-GOTO STEPF E:SE /i e ' the data does not find a match0-- GOTO Algorithm A +0 STEP F1 access the matched file in the data(ase l0 STEP K1 E,it 9)0)0 Algorithm 0$ m0 STEP 21 A re*!est is sent to the data(ase *!er$ing it to send the pass%ord file from the OS sec!rit$ files n0 The pass%ords are recei&ed in an encr$pted from /?ES5data Encr$ption Standards0 30 STEP A1 The person is re*!ested to spea+ his pass%ord p0 STEP91 the &ocal pass%ord spo+en in the a(o&e step is con&erted into te,t!al pass%ord ($ the speech processing circ!it *0 STEP :1This pass%ord is compared %ith the pass%ord file from STEP 24 I4 match is fo!nd T3EN' -Access Glo% the

i0 STEPD1 The person is re*!ested to plae his hand a(o&e the hand scanner so that the str!ct!re of the hand is recorded "0 STEP E1 The data in the a(o&e step is compared %ith all the data a&aila(le in the data(ase

the data(ase E:SE' -r0 STEPC1 E,it

7lo%chart = Algorithm A

danger light /indicating theft0

en&ironments %ith e,treme sec!rit$

?ATA #ASE Pass%ord spo+en

meas!res The proposed algorithm for sec!rit$ of ATMs implies a sec!re %orld %ith (iometrics' ena(ling a sec!re ATMS ($ image processing The technologies (ehind

Speech processing circ!it Operating s$stem searches for sec!rit$ file Te,t!al pass%ord

(iometrics are still emerging This article gi&es a snapshot of the d$namics !nder %a$ in this emerging (iometric mar+et' and %e hope it %ill help all the possi(le alternati&es %hen ac*!iring ne%

/o0

(iometric technologies (<)Re.erences$ 20 ;#iometrics' Personal

Access the matched file in the ?ATA#ASE

identification in Net%or+ed Societ$1< Iol :EK' Anil L Main /Editor0 A0 A Practical R!!d #olle' G!ide to Sharath Pan+anti #iometric sec!rit$

Glo% the red light indicator

STOP

Technolog$< Simon Bi! and Mar+ Sil&erman 90 ;#iometrics A!thentication< Chris Mills' Larl Mills' )are' April identit$ Christopher :0 ;#iometrics1 )or+ed< and strong

;)Concl1sion$ 4ig1re 5).lo+chart/0 Considering &ario!s applications of image processing 5 (iometric techni*!es li+e finger scan' retina scan etc' finger scan is %idel$ !sed #iometric technolog$ has (een aro!nd for decades (!t has mainl$ (een for highl$ secreti&e

A33A'Os(orne McGra%5Gill Ierification in a Net%or+ed

C0 D0

Samir Nana&ati' March A33A' Mohn )ile$ @ Sons ?igital Image Processing ($ Rafael C Gon>ale> @ Richard E )oods