Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

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- Development Policy and Plan of Solid Waste Management-

3rd Thematic Technical Working Group for Solid Waste in Infrastructure Sector

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Satoshi Higashinakagawa JICA Study Team

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2th October, 2013

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Contents

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Outline of the SWM Part of the Project Review of Second Working Group and Identified Issues Development Vision and Policy and Planning Strategy Consideration of Technical Options - Collection and Transportation - Treatment and Disposal (with consideration of land use plan in Nairobi County) Future Demand Projection of Solid Waste Amount (according to this socio-economic framework in this Urban M/P) Future Action Plan

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Objectives

Expected Outputs

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To implement future projection of solid waste generation To review the current solid waste management concept and revise it if necessary. To consider future land use plan for solid waste treatment facility To review the current implementation and management program and revise it if necessary.

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To review and develop the concepts for sustainable urban development and improvement living condition related to solid waste management

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Outline of the SWM Part of the Project (Objectives and Expected Outputs)

Review of existing SWM plans and projects

Direction of urban development and land use plan

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New socio-economic framework

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Study of Current Condition Survey of SWM

Estimate solid waste generation Consider land use plan for solid waste treatment facility Discuss the concept of current M/P and future action plan

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Outline of the SWM Part of the Project (Study Flow)

Future projection of solid waste Review of the current SWM policy and concept Input the SWM policy and concept to Urban M/P My assignment

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Identify the current condition and issues of SWM

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Contents of Study

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May

Jun

Jul

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Outline of the SWM Part in the Project (Work Schedule)

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Oct

Nov

Review of Second Working Group

Issues regarding solid waste management has been identified Technical options has been considered. Preliminary future amount of solid waste has been projected.

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How to incorporate the solid waste management facilities in the future land use plan Necessary of technical options except final disposal

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Review of Identified Significant Issues

Fact (problem)
Difficult transportation by access road Waste scattering Not enough capacity for supervising private sector Illegal dumping

Cause

Issue

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So many private sector for waste collection service

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No proper legal system and enforcement for to prevent illegal dumping No enough human resource for landfill operation

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Not enough and suitable collection points

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No proper operation of landfill site

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No sanitary landfill site

Lack of operational capacity

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Establishment of CBO collection system Introduction of institutional system to supervise PSP Set up legal for system to prevent illegal dumping Prepare suitable collection points and equipment Prepare sanitary landfill site in suitable location Implementation of training for landfill operation
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Development Policy and Vision

Vision

A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world-class city

Mission

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To improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors To protect ecological health, diversity and productivity To maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach

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Planning Strategy
Collection and transportation plan 3R and Intermediate Treatment Plan

Improvement of SWM operational capacity Enhancement of PPPP in SWM Public Awareness and participation of CBOs and NGOs

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Organizational restructuring and human resource development plan Legal and institutional reform plan Financial management plan

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Promotion of 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle)

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Private sector involvement promotion plan Community participation promotion plan

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Institutional capacity development

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Final disposal plan

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Options Handcart

Merit -Easy to collect along small road -Cheap cost -Easy to collect and transport effectively -Easy to collect -Effective collection - Not so expensive

Demerit - Not effective for collection

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Compactor vehicle Container vehicle Dump truck

-Slightly expensive -Necessary for maintenance

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- Slightly taking time for collection

Options House to house collection Station collection

Merit

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Demerit -Taking the time for collection Necessary to monitor the collection point Individual house Apartment, secondary collection area
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-Effective collection

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-Easy to collect -No incentive for waste reduction

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Area of narrow road Area of high income Area of station collection Other area

Consideration of Technical Options (Collection and transportation)

Options Landfill

Merit -Comparatively cheaper option -Technically feasible -Comparatively cheaper option -Technically feasible

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3R+Incineration+ Landfill 3R+Composting+ Landfill

-Effective volume reduction of waste

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-Effective volume reduction of organic waste -Not expensive option

3R + landfill + (composting)
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3R+Landfill

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-If no cooperation with waste generator, not enough waste reduction -Expensive for initial cost and O&M cost -Waste separation is necessary and necessity of market of compost

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-No waste reduction

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Consideration of Technical Options (Treatment and Disposal)

Improvement of Treatment and Disposal System (Difference between dump site and sanitary landfill site)

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Open dump site (e.g. Dandora dump site) Current issues - Odor problem - Rodents and birds - Leakage of leachate to water course - Bad condition of inner and access roads - Bad condition of unloading place

Improvement - Cover soil - Liner system and leachate treatment facility -Improvement of access and inner roads -Monitoring by waste pickers and landfill officers

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Image of Sanitary Landfill Site After Improvement - Reduction of odor - Reduction of rodents and birds - Prevent the leachate leakage - Improvement of unloading and waste spreading activities - Improvement of waste picking activities

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Source :JICA Preparatory Survey (2012)

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Non operation area is covered by soil

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Operation area is only part of landfill site

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Improvement of Treatment and Disposal System (Example of effectiveness of cover soil)

Current Land Use in Nairobi County

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Consideration of the Site for New Landfill Site

Kiambu County

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Kajiado County

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Nairobi County

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JKTA airport

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Thika County

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Machakos County
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4500 4000 3500 Generated Wste [t/day] 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2005

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2010 2015 2020 Year 2025 2030 2035 Household waste Commercial waste Market waste Total amount of waste (JICA Urban Plan Study) Total amount of waste(JICA SWM Study in 2010)

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Future Projection of Solid Waste Amount (Waste Generation)

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Future Projection of Solid Waste Amount

Self-disposal Self-disposal rate 3R activities Waste reduction rate Reduction rate by recyclable waste recovery Reduction rate by biodegradable waste recovery 2015 10% 2015 2020 10%

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10% 2025 2025 10.0% 10.8% 3.4% 2025 83.6%

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2020

5.0% 6.3%

7.5%

9.3% 3.4%

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3.3%

Waste collection rate Waste collection rate

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2015 48.8%

2020 64.6%

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Source :JICA SWM M/P (2010)

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2030 10% 2030 10.0% 12.3% 3.4% 2030 100%

2. Consider the solution of current issues?

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Asante Sana

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1. Where should we select the location of suitable new landfill site?

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Lets Consider and Discussion

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