Part of the BRE Trust

NHBC Foundation Co-heating Research Project

Steering Group Meeting
20
th
June 2012
2012 | BRE Building Technology Group
1. Housekeeping & introductions
2. General project overview
3. Project findings
BRE (B50.4 & B50.3)
Collaborators (B50.3)
4. Discussion of results
5. Further work & analysis
6. Project report
7. Dissemination
8. Conclusion & next steps
Todays Meeting
Housekeeping
Fire alarm test is not scheduled for today
In the event of fire alarm sounding please leave using the fire exits
marked and follow BRE staff to the assembly point outside
Toilets are located on this floor
Buffet lunch will be taken at approx. 12:45
Close meeting at approx. 15:00. Taxis can be ordered in advance.
Reminder of overall project objectives
Investigate co-heating test repeatability and sensitivity,
including reasons for variation in results due to external factors
(e.g. weather conditions)
Make recommendations towards an industry-wide protocol for
the co-heating test
this may include defining what further research is needed to
produce a robust, practicable and affordable test which can be
used across the construction industry
Summary of project work to date
Protocols and terms of engagement agreed at Steering Group
meeting on 16 November
BRE co-heating tests on both houses (Dec-Jan)
Tests by collaborators (Jan-May) and submission of reports
BSRIA 24 Jan - 6 Feb
UCL 10 - 27 Feb
Cardiff 28 Feb - 15 Mar
Stroma 16 Mar - 2 Apr
Loughborough 3 - 17 Apr
Nottingham 23 Apr - 8 May
Re-tests by BRE
Initial data analysis by BRE
BRE Co-heating testing
BRE House 50.3
23 Dec to 2 Jan
11 Feb to date
BRE House 50.4
23 Dec to 2 Jan
12 May to date
Co-heating test methodology
Maintain constant internal temperature
Energy balance based on:
Electric heat input + Solar Gains = Total heat loss
(Total heat loss = Fabric heat loss + infiltration heat loss)
BRE Methodology House 50.3
Anville data acquisition unit + shielded thermistor
bead DRT sensors in every room
PC in control cabin
Convector heaters and separate oscillating fans
PI T controllers plus pulse electricity meters
BRE Methodology House 50.4
Tiny Tag loggers + shielded T sensors
Convector heaters and separate oscillating fans
PI T controllers plus pulse electricity meters & Tiny
Tag Pulse Loggers
BRE Methodology met data
Met tower
Kipp & Zonen pyranometer horizontal
Wind speed & direction (Didcot)
Stevenson screen
Temperature & RH (Rotronic HygroClip HC2S)
Comparison of House 50.3 and 50.4
BRE airtightness tests
2 December 2011 - Infiltec E3 fans
House 50.3
Permeability = 4.12 m3/h/m2
House 50.4
Permeability = 3.38 m
3
/h/m
2
11 June 2011 - Retrotec 3000 fans
House 50.3
Permeability = 2.80 m3/h/m2
House 50.4
Permeability = 2.13 m
3
/h/m
2
Air permeability
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
BRE 2 Dec 2011 BSRIA 7 Feb
2012
BSRIA 8 Mar
2012
Stroma 2 April
2012
BRE 11
June2012
House 50.3
House 50.4
BRE 2 December results were with old Infiltec fans
Co-heating test method
Linear regressions between:
Measured electrical input to heaters (+fans)
and
Delta T
This ignores the effect of varying solar radiation and wind
speed.
Therefore additional regressions are often made between
heat input and mean solar heat irradiance and mean wind
speed
Siviour analysis may also be used to determine the solar
aperture (m
2
) (gives heat input to the building for a given
solar radiation) (Wingfield, Leeds Met)
A window solar gain model may also be used to estimate
solar gains to the building (BRE)
BRE data 22 Dec to 2 Jan
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
2
2
/
1
2
/
1
1
2
3
/
1
2
/
1
1
2
4
/
1
2
/
1
1
2
5
/
1
2
/
1
1
2
6
/
1
2
/
1
1
2
7
/
1
2
/
1
1
2
8
/
1
2
/
1
1
2
9
/
1
2
/
1
1
3
0
/
1
2
/
1
1
3
1
/
1
2
/
1
1
0
1
/
0
1
/
1
2
0
2
/
0
1
/
1
2
0
3
/
0
1
/
1
2
0
4
/
0
1
/
1
2
S
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c
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T
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m
p
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a
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C
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House 50.3 and 50.4 (hourly data)
House 50.4 Mean house T House 50.3 Mean house T
Temperature Av wind speed m/s
House 50.4 House 50.4 W/K House 50.4 W/K
Solar W/m2
A calm period with low solar irradiance and low wind speed
BRE data 22 Dec to 2 Jan
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
2
6
/
D
e
c

1
8
:
0
0
2
6
/
D
e
c

1
9
:
0
0
2
6
/
D
e
c

2
0
:
0
0
2
6
/
D
e
c

2
1
:
0
0
2
6
/
D
e
c

2
2
:
0
0
2
6
/
D
e
c

2
3
:
0
0
2
7
/
D
e
c

0
0
:
0
0
2
7
/
D
e
c

0
1
:
0
1
2
7
/
D
e
c

0
2
:
0
1
2
7
/
D
e
c

0
3
:
0
1
2
7
/
D
e
c

0
4
:
0
1
2
7
/
D
e
c

0
5
:
0
1
2
7
/
D
e
c

0
6
:
0
1
2
7
/
D
e
c

0
7
:
0
2
2
7
/
D
e
c

0
8
:
0
2
2
7
/
D
e
c

0
9
:
0
2
2
7
/
D
e
c

1
0
:
0
2
2
7
/
D
e
c

1
1
:
0
2
2
7
/
D
e
c

1
2
:
0
2
2
7
/
D
e
c

1
3
:
0
3
2
7
/
D
e
c

1
4
:
0
3
2
7
/
D
e
c

1
5
:
0
3
2
7
/
D
e
c

1
6
:
0
3
2
7
/
D
e
c

1
7
:
0
3
2
7
/
D
e
c

1
8
:
0
3
2
7
/
D
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c

1
9
:
0
4
2
7
/
D
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c

2
0
:
0
4
2
7
/
D
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c

2
1
:
0
4
2
7
/
D
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c

2
2
:
0
4
2
7
/
D
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c

2
3
:
0
4
2
8
/
D
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c

0
0
:
0
4
2
8
/
D
e
c

0
1
:
0
4
2
8
/
D
e
c

0
2
:
0
5
2
8
/
D
e
c

0
3
:
0
5
2
8
/
D
e
c

0
4
:
0
5
2
8
/
D
e
c

0
5
:
0
5
S
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2
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h
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a
t

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(
W
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K
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T
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m
p
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a
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(
d
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C
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a
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p
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(
m
/
s
)
House 50.3 and 50.4 (hourly data)
House 50.4 Mean house T House 50.3 Mean house T
Temperature Av wind speed m/s
House 50.4 W/K House 50.4 W/K
Solar W/m2
H50.3 = 65.5 W/K H50.4 = 64.0 W/K
Basic co-heating data 23 Dec to 1 Jan
y = 67.641x
R = 0.8018
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
H
e
a
t

i
n
p
u
t

(
W
)
dT (K)
House 50.3
y = 67.079x
R = 0.8423
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
H
e
a
t

i
n
p
u
t

(
W
)
dT (K)
House 50.4
Siviour analysis error caused by limited spread of solar
radiation levels
y = -0.6108x + 76.371
y = -0.6072x + 75.706
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 10 20 30 40 50
P/dT vs S/dT (23 Dec to 2 Jan)
House 50.4 W/K
House 50.4 W/K
Linear (House
50.4 W/K)
Linear (House
50.4 W/K)
y = -0.1471x + 70.093
y = -0.1637x + 69.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 10 20 30 40 50
P/dT vs S/dT (23 Dec to 1 Jan)
House 50.4 W/K
House 50.4 W/K
Linear (House
50.4 W/K)
Linear (House
50.4 W/K)
Chart 2 shows effect of excluding 2 Jan (high solar gains)
Siviour analysis error caused by limited spread of solar
radiation levels 2
nd
example
y = -0.9021x + 56.72
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 15 20
H50.4 P/dT vs S/dT (12 to 21 May)
y = -1.5544x + 64.993
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 15 20
H50.4 P/dT vs S/dT (all data)
BRE data - House 50.3 Dec 2011 to June 2012
y = -1.9682x + 62.271
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
H50.3 P/dT vs S/dT
y = 58.663x - 154.7
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
H50.3 Heat (W) vs dT
Solar heat gains
Solar aperture = 1.96 m
2
Heat loss coefficient = 62.27 W/K
BRE data House 50.4 Dec-Jan and May-June
y = -1.5544x + 64.993
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 15 20 25
H50.4 P/dT vs S/dT
Solar aperture = 1.55 m
2
Heat loss coefficient = 64.99 W/K
y = 62.087x - 116.74
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
H50.4 Heat (W) vs dT
Solar heat gains
BRE data co-heating data corrected for solar heat gains
y = 64.4x
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
H50.4 Qp (SA=1.55)
y = 61.746x
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0
H50.3 Qp (SA=1.97)
Heat loss coefficient (Siviour) = 64.99 W/K
Heat loss coefficient (corrected co-heating) =
64.4 W/K
Heat loss coefficient (Siviour) = 62.09 W/K
Heat loss coefficient (corrected co-heating) =
61.75 W/K
BRE data solar gains estimated using simple window
solar gain model
Measured horizontal solar irradiance corrected to determine
fraction of horizontal solar irradiance on stated vertical
orientation (hourly basis)
(fractions determined using CIBSE hourly cooling load
design data ratio horizontal to stated vertical orientation)
Standard window G-value and measured glass areas used to
determine proportion of incident solar radiation passing
through (hourly basis)
Assumes all solar radiation passing through glass is retained
by building
G-values may need some adjustment
Shading from trees and other buildings adds to complexity
BRE data solar gains estimated using simple window
solar gain model
y = 72.48x
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
H50.4 Total heat input inc
solar vs dT
y = 72.068x
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
H50.3 Total heat input inc
solar vs dT
Comparison of reported heat loss coefficient values
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
House 50.3
A
House 50.3
B
House 50.3
C
House 50.4
A
House 50.4
B
House 50.4
C
House 50.4
D
House 50.4
E
House 50.4
F
House 50.4
G
House 50.4
H
W
/
K
Range of reported values 61.2 W/K to 77.1 W/K
(69.1 8.0 W/K)
Effect of wind speed
Effect of wind speed H50.3
y = 4.0045x + 36.483
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
H50.3 W/K vs mean wind speed (all data)
Effect of wind speed H50.4
y = 6.0548x + 31.385
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
House 50.4 W/K vs mean wind speed (all data)
Monthly data plots
House 50.3 Dec to Jan 2012
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
2
2
/
1
2
/
1
1
2
3
/
1
2
/
1
1
2
4
/
1
2
/
1
1
2
5
/
1
2
/
1
1
2
6
/
1
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1
1
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/
1
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1
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/
1
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/
1
1
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/
1
2
/
1
1
3
0
/
1
2
/
1
1
3
1
/
1
2
/
1
1
0
1
/
0
1
/
1
2
0
2
/
0
1
/
1
2
0
3
/
0
1
/
1
2
0
4
/
0
1
/
1
2
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House 50.3 and 50.4 (hourly data)
House 50.4 Mean
house T
House 50.3 Mean
house T
Temperature
House 50.3 February 2012
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
0
8
/
0
2
/
1
2
0
9
/
0
2
/
1
2
1
0
/
0
2
/
1
2
1
1
/
0
2
/
1
2
1
2
/
0
2
/
1
2
1
3
/
0
2
/
1
2
1
4
/
0
2
/
1
2
1
5
/
0
2
/
1
2
1
6
/
0
2
/
1
2
1
7
/
0
2
/
1
2
1
8
/
0
2
/
1
2
1
9
/
0
2
/
1
2
2
0
/
0
2
/
1
2
2
1
/
0
2
/
1
2
2
2
/
0
2
/
1
2
2
3
/
0
2
/
1
2
2
4
/
0
2
/
1
2
2
5
/
0
2
/
1
2
2
6
/
0
2
/
1
2
2
7
/
0
2
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1
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2
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/
0
2
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2
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/
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2
/
1
2
0
1
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0
3
/
1
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2
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3
/
1
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3
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3
/
1
2
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(
m
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House 50.3 (hourly data)
External T Mean house
Av wind speed Av solar
W/K
House 50.3 March 2012
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
2
9
/
0
2
/
1
2
0
1
/
0
3
/
1
2
0
2
/
0
3
/
1
2
0
3
/
0
3
/
1
2
0
4
/
0
3
/
1
2
0
5
/
0
3
/
1
2
0
6
/
0
3
/
1
2
0
7
/
0
3
/
1
2
0
8
/
0
3
/
1
2
0
9
/
0
3
/
1
2
1
0
/
0
3
/
1
2
1
1
/
0
3
/
1
2
1
2
/
0
3
/
1
2
1
3
/
0
3
/
1
2
1
4
/
0
3
/
1
2
1
5
/
0
3
/
1
2
1
6
/
0
3
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1
2
1
7
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0
3
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1
2
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House 50.3 (hourly data)
External T Mean house Av wind speed
Av solar W/K
H50.3 April 2012
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
3
1
/
0
3
/
1
2
0
1
/
0
4
/
1
2
0
2
/
0
4
/
1
2
0
3
/
0
4
/
1
2
0
4
/
0
4
/
1
2
0
5
/
0
4
/
1
2
0
6
/
0
4
/
1
2
0
7
/
0
4
/
1
2
0
8
/
0
4
/
1
2
0
9
/
0
4
/
1
2
1
0
/
0
4
/
1
2
1
1
/
0
4
/
1
2
1
2
/
0
4
/
1
2
1
3
/
0
4
/
1
2
1
4
/
0
4
/
1
2
1
5
/
0
4
/
1
2
1
6
/
0
4
/
1
2
1
7
/
0
4
/
1
2
S
o
l
a
r

i
r
r
a
d
i
a
n
c
e

(
W
/
m
2
)

a
n
d

h
e
a
t

l
o
s
s

c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

(
W
/
K
)
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
d
e
g

C
)

a
n
d

w
i
n
d

s
p
e
e
d

(
m
/
s
)
House 50.3 (hourly data)
External T Mean house
Av wind speed Av solar
W/K
H50.3 May 2012
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
3
0
/
0
4
/
1
2
0
1
/
0
5
/
1
2
0
2
/
0
5
/
1
2
0
3
/
0
5
/
1
2
0
4
/
0
5
/
1
2
0
5
/
0
5
/
1
2
0
6
/
0
5
/
1
2
0
7
/
0
5
/
1
2
0
8
/
0
5
/
1
2
0
9
/
0
5
/
1
2
1
0
/
0
5
/
1
2
1
1
/
0
5
/
1
2
1
2
/
0
5
/
1
2
1
3
/
0
5
/
1
2
1
4
/
0
5
/
1
2
1
5
/
0
5
/
1
2
1
6
/
0
5
/
1
2
1
7
/
0
5
/
1
2
1
8
/
0
5
/
1
2
1
9
/
0
5
/
1
2
2
0
/
0
5
/
1
2
2
1
/
0
5
/
1
2
2
2
/
0
5
/
1
2
2
3
/
0
5
/
1
2
2
4
/
0
5
/
1
2
2
5
/
0
5
/
1
2
2
6
/
0
5
/
1
2
2
7
/
0
5
/
1
2
2
8
/
0
5
/
1
2
2
9
/
0
5
/
1
2
3
0
/
0
5
/
1
2
3
1
/
0
5
/
1
2
S
o
l
a
r

i
r
r
a
d
i
a
n
c
e

(
W
/
m
2
)

a
n
d

h
e
a
t

l
o
s
s

c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

(
W
/
K
)
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
d
e
g

C
)

a
n
d

w
i
n
d

s
p
e
e
d

(
m
/
s
)
House 50.3 (hourly data)
External T Mean house
Av wind speed Av solar
W/K
H50.3 June 2012
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
0
1
/
0
6
/
1
2
0
2
/
0
6
/
1
2
0
3
/
0
6
/
1
2
0
4
/
0
6
/
1
2
0
5
/
0
6
/
1
2
0
6
/
0
6
/
1
2
0
7
/
0
6
/
1
2
0
8
/
0
6
/
1
2
0
9
/
0
6
/
1
2
1
0
/
0
6
/
1
2
1
1
/
0
6
/
1
2
1
2
/
0
6
/
1
2
1
3
/
0
6
/
1
2
1
4
/
0
6
/
1
2
1
5
/
0
6
/
1
2
1
6
/
0
6
/
1
2
1
7
/
0
6
/
1
2
1
8
/
0
6
/
1
2
1
9
/
0
6
/
1
2
2
0
/
0
6
/
1
2
2
1
/
0
6
/
1
2
2
2
/
0
6
/
1
2
2
3
/
0
6
/
1
2
2
4
/
0
6
/
1
2
2
5
/
0
6
/
1
2
2
6
/
0
6
/
1
2
2
7
/
0
6
/
1
2
2
8
/
0
6
/
1
2
2
9
/
0
6
/
1
2
3
0
/
0
6
/
1
2
S
o
l
a
r

i
r
r
a
d
i
a
n
c
e

(
W
/
m
2
)

a
n
d

h
e
a
t

l
o
s
s

c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

(
W
/
K
)
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
d
e
g

C
)

a
n
d

w
i
n
d

s
p
e
e
d

(
m
/
s
)
House 50.3 (hourly data)
External T Mean house Av wind speed
Av solar W/K