1

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Historical Background

Looking back to history, the transportation system faces the

fundamental geographic challenge that the Philippines is a far-flung archipelago,
even now. This fact offers a partial explanation for the country’s relatively
undeveloped transportation infrastructure. Among developing economies in East
Asia the Philippines ranked last for the quality of it’s railroads, ports, light rail,
metro rail, and jeepney. The highly decorated but popular jeepney derivative of
the World War Era U.S. Army jeep has been adapted to public transportations.
Because Philippines is a net importer of oil. Rising consumer prices have also
triggered calls for wage and transport fare in the Philippines which and further
push up inflation. These are issues brought up a bad image to many commuters
especially, students one such issue is the illegal increase of fare upon the bus
company management. Changing a higher than that a required fare approved by
the LFTRB are against the law. It was surprising that the fare matrix that the
conductor had shown to the students was actually a fake one.

Statement of the Problem

This study deals with the changes of fare in public transportation. More
specifically, it tries to answer the following questions:
1. What are the causes of the changes of fare in public transportation?
2. What are the disadvantages of these changes to all people?
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3. What are the reactions of the students, and drivers regarding these changes?
4. How public transportation fare increase and decrease?

Objectives of the Problem

This technical report is written with the following objectives:

1. To know the causes of the changes in public transportation fare.
2. To update people on the proper fare guide in transportation.
3. To internalize the reactions of the students and drivers on this changes.
4. To identify the effects of this changes to economy.

Importance of the Problem

In both government, and its subordinates, it is important to know how

fare in public transportation change as time goes by. There are major causes in
increasing and decreasing fare in public transportation which needs to be
recognized. Over the years, there are such changes in fare on public utility
vehicles which brought by some problems in the country. There are some
reactions and feelings from the students, drivers, and concerned citizens regarding
on this changes. It is important to be aware in the major causes of the changes of
fare in public transportation.
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Definition of terms

For better understanding, the following terms are defined operationally:

LFTRB. This acronym stands for the Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board. This is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of
Transportation and Communications responsible for promulgating, administering,
enforcing, and monitoring compliance of policies, laws, and regulations of public land
transportation services.

Public Utility Vehicles. These are the vehicles operated in any public
highways, roads, or streets.

Fare Matrix. It is the proper guide in public transportations.

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

There are news about the issue in the increase and decrease of fare in public
utility vehicles. This issue is almost the content of the news in television, newspaper,
radio, and internet. Even on the road, the people always talk about it and the problem on
the economy truly affects the citizens. The government always explain their side about
these changes.
One of the researches is done by the League of Filipino Students. Base on their
research, the changes of fare in public transportation is associated with the increase of
price of common goods. It is the effect of the oil price hike that truly affects the economy.
Based on their research, most of the giant oil companies overcharge petroleum
product. The people are in favour in decrease of public utility vehicles fare. The decrease
of fare is the result of decrease of oil price in the world market. The drivers said that fare
like was due to rapid increase in oil prices, while the oil companies said that there was a
calamities.
LFTRB cited that the main reason of fare changes in public transportation was
due to changes of prices in the world market. The rapid increase in oil prices was a great
threat to the Filipinos in the odds on the oil price hike and immediate increase on
common goods and fare hike.

Chapter 3
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DESIGN AND METHOD IN RESEARCH

Research Design
The report is formulated according to descriptive-analytical design.
Hereby, the researchers aim to describe and examine the changes in fare on public
transportation.

Respondents

The chosen respondents in this report are the following:

a. students age 16 above
b. drivers of public utility vehicles
c. parents

The researchers have chosen four groups of respondent. The first

group consists of students age 16 above with a totality of 20, second group
consists of tricycle drivers with a totality of 20, third group consists of
jeepney drivers with a totality of 20, fourth group consists of bus drivers
with a totality of 20, and fifth group consists of parents with the totality of
20. To sum it all, there are 20 persons in every group of respondent
wherein random sampling is applied in order to have an equal number of
respondents.
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Table 1
Distribution of Respondent in every group

Respondent Quantity
Group 1 Students 20
Group 2 Tricycle Drivers 20
Group 3 Jeepney Drivers 20
Group 4 Bus Drivers 20
Group 5 Parents 20
Total number: 100

The researchers have chosen the mentioned respondent because they are
one who can answer their needs in this report.

Research Instrument

This report is formulated through a list of survey-questionnaire to gather

information which is necessary to examine the changes of fare in public
transportation.

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION OF DATA
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This chapter deals with the presentation of data and information gathered from
the questionnaires administered from one hundred (100) respondents.

The Graph 1 shows the distribution of the respondents according to sex.

There are sixty-five (65%) males and thirty-five (35%) females. Look at the
graph:

Graph 1
Distribution of Respondents according to Sex

male respondents

female
respondents

The Graph 2 shows the distribution of the respondents according to their

age. Forty percent (40%) of the respondent falls under the age of 17 to 19. Ages
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fewer than 20 to 21 are no respondents at all. The last sixty (60%) are under the
age of 22 above. Look at the graph:

Graph 2
Distribution of Respondents according to Age

70%

60%

50%

40%
Series1
30%

20%

10%

0%
16-19 years old 22 above

The graph 3 shows where the respondents gathered information in

transportation, fifty (50%) of the respondents are gathered information from television,
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twenty-five (25%) of them are gathered from radio, fifteen (15%) who told from
newspaper, none at all from internet, five (5%) are saying that they gathered information
from other people and another five (5%) from their own experience.

Graph 3
Where the respondents gathered information

In the television

In the radio

In the newspaper
Series1
In the internet

In other people

In their own experience

0% 20% 40% 60%

The graph 4 shows that, in one hundred respondents (100%), twenty-five are
saying that they have extensive knowledge according to the changes of fare in public
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transportation. No respondents at all are saying that they have very extensive knowledge.
Sixty-five (65%) are saying that their knowledge are not extensive and the last ten (10%)
of them are saying that they do not care.

Graph 4
Extent of the respondent’s knowledge according to the changes of fare in public
transportations

extensive
very extensive
not extensive
doesn't care at all

The Graph 5 shows the respondent to think to the question about the enough
changes of fare in public transportation, fifty (50%) of the respondents are saying that
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they have very enough knowledge. Forty-five (45%) of them are saying that their
knowledge are not enough and the last five (5%) have do not care.

Graph 5
Perception of the Respondents According to the Enough Knowledge in
changes of Public Transportation

60%

50%

40%

30% Series1

20%

10%

0%
gh

gh
gh

l
al
ou

ou
ou

at
en

en
en

e
ar
ry

t
no

tc
ve

n'
es
do

The Graph 6 answer the question: Did the changes of fare in public
transportation must have proper attention? The ninety-five (95%) of the
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respondents are saying that it must have a proper attention and last five (5%) does
not care.

Graph 6
Respondent’s perception regarding the changes of fare in public Transportations

proper
attention
doesn't
care at all

The Graph 7 shows that in one hundred (100%) respondent, seventy

(70%) are saying that studying of this is very important. Twenty-five (25%) who
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told are important, no respondents at all are saying that studying of this is not
important and last five (5%) do not care.]

Graph 7
The importance of studying the changes of fare in public transportation

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5
Series1
0.4
Series2
0.3

0.2

0.1

0
1 2 3 4 5 6

The Graph 8 shows that, in one hundred (100%) respondent, fifteen

(15%) of them like reading newspaper; forty-five are always watching television;
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twenty-five (25%) are always listening radio. No respondents at all are willing to
search in internet and the last five (5%) have do not care.

Graph 8
Respondents Wants

50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25% Series1
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%

r
n
l

at
o

pe
al

io
di

ch

pa
vis
at
ra

to

ws
le
e
g

ar
n

te

ne
ni

tc

ng
te

n'

g
lis

hi

in
es

tc

ad
do

wa

re

CONCLUSION
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Based on the results of researcher’s investigation, the following conclusions are

given:

a. Television is the most common source of information about the changes of fare on
public transportation.

b. The knowledge of the knowledge of the people about the transportation is not
sufficient.

c. The respondent has enough knowledge about the changes on fare on public
transportation.

d. It is appropriate to give attention about the changes of fare on the public

transportation.

e. The television, radio, newspaper, and internet can help a lot in getting some
information about the happenings in the Philippines like the changes on fare of
the public transportation.
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RECOMMENDATION

1. For all, it is very important to earn money so that they will not surprise on the
changes on fare a public transportation.

2. For the drivers of the public transportation. It is very important to have a “fare
matrix” to be a guide for the passengers and to avoid conflict between the driver and
passengers.

3. For the parents, it is very important to understand the opinion of the driver
which is also affected by the changes of the price of the gasoline which result
the changes on fare on public transportation.

4. For all, it is very important to become updated about the happenings in the
country because it serves as a guide in our daily life.

Appendix A
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Letter of Request for Adviser

September 02, 2009

Justina Rocafort
Dean, College of Education
Lipa City Public College

Sir:

Greetings!

We are conducting a study on the “Changes of Fare in Public Transportations.” In

connection with this we would like to request permission from your good office to allow
us to have an adviser on our study and according to our knowledge we believed that
Professor Jhun-Jhun G. Lucero is suitable and will help a lot in the improvement of our
study.

We hope that you will give your approval on this request.

Yours truly,
Group III
Student-Researchers
Noted by:
Mr. Jhun-Jhun G. Lucero
Instructor
Approved by:
Mrs. Justina Rocafort
Dean, Education Department
Appendix B
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LETTER OF VALIDATION

September 02, 2009

Lipa City, Batangas

Sir/Madam:

The undersigned are conducting a study entitle “Changes of Fare in Public

Transportation.”
Knowing your expertise and being well versed in the field, we are requesting
your good self to thoroughly examine and to validate the attached questionnaire which is
intended to be use as an instrument in the conduct of study.
Your criticism and fruitful suggestions will be greatly accepted. Such criticisms
and validation we believed, is a great help in our research improvement and additional
tool for the success of the study.
Thank you very much!

Yours truly,
Group III
Student-Researchers

Appendix C
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LETTER OF REQUEST FOR INTERVIEW

September 02, 2009

Lipa City, Batangas

Sir/Madam:

The undersigned are presently enrolled in the School of Lipa City Public College
taking up the Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education.
We are conducting a study on the “Changes of Fare in Public Transportation.”
In this connection, we would like to request permission fro your good office to allow
us undergo an interview regarding this matter. We need respondents who are students age
16 above, driver of public transportation and parents. We believed that you are a great
help to the success of the study.
We are anticipating with gratitude for your approval on this request.

Sincerely yours,
Group III
Students- Researchers

Noted by:
Professor Jhun-Jhun G. Lucero
Instructor
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Appendix D

LETTER OF REQUEST ENCLOSED TO QUESTIONNAIRE

September 02, 2009

Sir/Madam:

The undersigned are presently conducting a study entitled “Changes of Fare in

Public Transportation.” This tends to gather information that could greatly enhances the
quality of this study.
In this regard, may we request your honest responses to the enclosed
questionnaires? Rest assured that all information will be kept in strict confidence.
We ask for your immediate response.
Thank you very much for your cooperation and more power.

Respectfully Yours,
Group III
Students-Researchers
Noted by:
Mr. Jhun-Jhun Lucero
Instructor

Approved by:
Mrs. Justina Rocafort
Dean, College of Education
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