Public Health in China

Dan Cui
Wuhan University
Answer: 3
 Beijing

Shanghai

Guangzhou
Shanghai
Beijing
Guangzhou
 Zhengzhou

Wuhan

Changsha
Zhengzhou
Changsha
Wuhan
Qinghai

Sichuan

Yunnan
Qinghai
V There is a significant difference
between different areas of China.

V The causes of difference came

from history, environment,
population, economic, and so on.

V The differences influenced the

public health of China.
 Maternal Mortality Rate of China in 2005

120 110.07

100

80
1/100,000

60
39.02
40 34.42

20 9.99

0
Shanghai Hubei Qinghai National

Data came from the Ministry of Health of P.R. CHINA

 Infant Mortality Rate in 2005

35 32.17
30
25
19.00
1 /1 , 0 0 0

20
15 11.73
8.35
10
5
0
Shanghai Hubei Qinghai National

Data came from the Ministry of Health of P.R. CHINA

 Life Expectancy in 2000

80 78.14

75
71.08 71.04
70
Y e a rs

66.03
65

60

55
Shanghai Hubei Qinghai National

Data came from 5th nationwide census in 2000

V Main Problems of Chinese Public
Health:
a Infectious diseases control
D New kinds infectious diseases: SARS,
Bird Flu, AIDS

D Traditional infectious diseases: HBV,

TB and Hydrophobia
 Reported Incidence & Death Rate of Infectious Diseases in 2007
Disease Incidence Rate Death Rate Deaths per
(1/100 000) (1/100 000) 100 Patients
Total 272.39 0.99 0.36
病毒性肝炎 Viral Hepatitis 108.44 0.09 0.08
肺结核 Pulmonary Tuberculosis 88.55 0.28 0.32
痢疾 Dysentery 27.99 0.01 0.02
梅毒 Syphilis 15.88 0 0.03
淋病 Gonorrhea 11.08 0 0
麻疹 Measles 8.29 0.01 0.06
疟疾 Malaria 3.55 0 0.03
猩红热 Scarlet Fever 2.55 0 0
伤寒副伤寒 Typhoid & Paratyphoid Fever 1.55 0 0.03
布氏杆菌病 Brucellosis 1.5 0 0.01
出血热 Hemorrhage Fever 0.84 0.01 1.31
艾滋病 AIDS 0.74 0.3 40.14
百日咳 Pertussis 0.22 0 0
乙脑 Encephalitis B 0.33 0.02 5.24
狂犬病 Hydrophobia 0.25 0.25 100
Data came from the Ministry of Health of P.R. CHINA
Prevalent Extent of HIV in China
1985 1995

1989 1998
 Influence of prevention to prevalence of HIV in China

Infection Rate, 10 million, 2010

Per 10,000
100 No. Of estimated
100
90 Poor prevention
90
80
80 Effective prevention
70
60
1.5 million 2010
70
60
60
50 50
50
40
40 40
30 30
30
20 20
20 10
10 3
10 1
0
00
Year

10
94

95

96

98

99
93

97

20

20
19

19

19

19

19
19

19

China's AIDS Prevention and the Joint Assessment Report 2003

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
85-90 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

份
年
AIDS 5 3 5 23 29 52 38 126 136 230 233 714 1028 6120 12652 7550
HIV(+) 492 216 261 274 531 1567 2649 3343 3306 4677 5201 8219 9732 21691 47606 36614

China AIDS Prevention and the Joint Assessment Report 2005

 Number of Infected People

China AIDS Prevention and the Joint Assessment Report 2004

 China AIDS Prevention and the Joint Assessment Report 2004
Illegal sell-blood
Injection Drug Users

Mother to Child Heterosexuality

Homosexuality

Blood Transfusion
Premier Wen visited the AIDS cases in 2003
President Hu visited the AIDS case in 2004
 Centre Financial Fund for HIV Prevention and Cure from 1996 to 2007

1000

800

600
m illio n

400

200

0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
V Main Problems of Chinese Public
Health：
a Chronic noncommunicable diseases:
D Hypertension, Diabetes, Coronary
Heart Disease -- high prevalence rate,
Low diagnosis, Low treatment rate
D Cancer – incidence rate increasing
quickly
Diet, smoking, environment population,
absence of health knowledge
 Diet of Chinese(%)

Total City Rural

Sort of Food
1992 2002 1992 2002 1992 2002

Grain 66.8 57.9 57.4 48.5 71.7 61.5

Soy of Bean 1.8 2.6 2.1 2.7 1.7 2.6

Tuberous Plant 3.1 2.0 1.7 1.4 3.9 2.2

Animal Product 9.3 12.6 15.2 17.6 6.2 10.7

Food only provide energy 11.6 17.3 14.3 19.3 10.2 16.5

Other 7.4 7.6 9.4 10.5 6.4 6.5

Calculated by providing energy of food

 Diet of Chinese

80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0 1992
40.0
%

30.0 2002
20.0
10.0
0.0
Grain Soy of Tuberous Animal Food only Other
Bean Plant Product provide
energy
 Dif erence of Diet between City and Rural in 1992 in China Dif erence of Diet between City and Rural in 2002

80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
%

%
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
city Grain Soy of Bean Tuberous Plant Animal Product Food only Other city Grain Soy of Bean Tuberous Plant Animal Product Food only Other
rural provide energy rural provide energy
V Smoker: 350 million, man 320
million, woman 30 million
(estimated)
V Passive smoking: 540 million

V Death of smoking every year:

about 1 million
V Death of passive smoking every
year: 100 thousand
V Smoking rate of adult man: 57%

V Smoking rate of adult woman:

8%
V Main Problems of Chinese Public
Health：
a Population:

DFamily planning
DAging

DBirth defect
Total Fertility Rate of Chinese Women from 1950 to 1990
V Husband and wife both come from only child
family
V Husband and wife are all registered as rural
resident, and first child was girl
V One of pair is minority nationality
V Remarried, and one of pair has not child
V Remarried, both have child, but both lost
guardianship when divorced
V First child was disability
V One of pair worked in the mine or ocean
more than 5 years
V Other
 1982 1990 2000

Number of age over 60 (10,000) 7663.7 9696.5 12997.7

Total (10,000) 101654 114333 126743

Rate of aging people (%) 7.5 8.5 10.3

1,000,000

1500

>80
1200
60~79
15~59
900 0~14

600

300

0
1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050
Change of Chinese Population Structure
V Ageing in China:
a In city: low fertility rate
a In rural: migration
美国与中国出生缺陷数
Compare Birth Defect between American and China

每天出生的缺陷儿数
Number of Birth Defect Every Day
每年出生的缺陷儿数
Number of Birth Defect Every Year
¸ö Íò
3000 120
2739
1,000,000
100 万
2500 100

2000 80
China
中国 China
中国
1500 60

1000 40

500 411 20 15 万
150,000
USA
美国 美国
0 0
USA
ÿÌì ÿÄê