Ates 18 V 1 N 2 y 2011

Abdul Azis Hoesein and Lily Montarcih, 2011.
Design of Micro Hydro Electrical Power at Brang Rea River in West ISSN 2088-3218 Sumbawa of Indonesia. Volume 1, Number 2: 177-183, August, 2011 T2011 Department of Environmental Engineering Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya & Indonesian Society of Sanitary and Environmental Engineers, Jakarta Open Access http://www.trisanita.org/jates
International peer-reviewed journal
International peer-reviewed journal
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Report
DESIGN OF MICRO HYDRO ELECTRICAL POWER AT BRANG REA RIVER IN WEST SUMBAWA OF INDONESIA
ABDUL AZIS HOESEIN and LILY MONTARCIH*
Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author: Phone: +62341490989; E-mail: lilymont2001@yahoo.com Received: 30th June 2011; Revised: 18th July 2011; Accepted: 18th July 2011
Abstract: This study intended to design micro hydro electrical power at Brang Rea River. Brang Rea River was located at Sumbawa Barat Regency, Indonesia. The design was included analysis of dependable discharge, effective head, type of turbine, potency of power and energy. The design used simulation of turbine-pro software. Results were used as consideration to develop river potency for micro hydro electrical power.
Keywords: Effective head, power, energy
INTRODUCTION The potential for institutionalized mistakes in water planning by examining common guidelines for watershed management were released by any government in the world. The daily lives of millions people in the world depended directly on functioning watersheds providing drinking water, irrigation, energy, groundwater recharge, and other usages. Mistakes in watershed prioritization and planning could have serious local ramifications. When such mistakes were institutionalized on a national scale, the results could be tragic [1]. The issue of water resources estimation and use had long been of particular scientific importance, but now it acquired extremely acute social and political character [2]. This was due, on the other hand, to the increasing role of anthropogenic factors associated with water consumption by the population, industry, energy, and agriculture, and, on the other hand, to changes to global and regional climate. Analysis of changes in the characteristics of water resources and their use with the consideration of possible economic trends in the country and climate conditions was used to forecast water use and water availability. In the face of global change, which was characterized by growing water demands and increasingly variable water supplies, the equitable sharing of water and the drought proofing of 177
Journal of Applied Technology in Environmental Sanitation, 1 (2): 177-183.
Abdul Azis Hoesein and Lily Montarcih, 2011. Design of Micro Hydro Electrical Power at Brang Rea River in West Sumbawa of Indonesia.
rural livelihoods would require an increasing physical capacity to store water. There were the residence time of water in a reservoir, the water beneficiary, and the equity dimension: maximizing the member of beneficiary and compensating the losers [3]. Household water demand analyses were an economic cornerstone of urban water supply planning, demand side water management, and the design of efficient water tariffs. Household drawing water from more than one source were shown to have source specific water demand, and having a water connection was found to be a stronger determinant of household water demand than the pooled water price. Household water demand was a function of an underlying decision making process that accounts for water usage preferences and household constraints on acquiring water [4]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Location of study was at Sumbawa Barat Regency of Indonesia. Sumbawa Barat regency was included 4 districts, 22 villages. The area number was 1,635.95 km2. This area was fall between west latitude 1164200 1170800 and east longitude 1164200 1170800. The methodologies were consisted of 1) collection of data, 2) analysis of topography data; 3) analysis of rainfall data; 4) analysis of dependable discharge; 5) construction design of mechanical hydro such as pipe, effective head, turbine, potency of water power and energy. Hydro electrical power and energy Generated power of hydro electrical power was analysis using the formula as follow [5] P = 9.81 x Q x Heff x Eff P = generated power (kW) H = effective head (m) Heff = electrical generated discharge (m/s) E = P x 24 x n E P n = energy (lWh) = power (kW) = number of days in a periode (hour) (2) (1)
Weibull Method [6] m P(Xm) = N +1 P(Xm) = probability of design rainfall N = number of rainfall observed data. m = rank of accident Diameter of pipe [7] H = H : maximum pressure head (m) : stress ( ton/m2 ) 178
(3)
(4)
D t
: diameter of pipe (m) : thickness of pipe (m)
Effective head [7] Heff = EMAW TWL Heff EMAW TWL hl : effective head (m) : elevation of reservoir water level (m) : tail water level (m) : total pressure head loss (m) (5)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Result of topography analysis Result of topography analysis was used as the base of design of micro hydro electrical power site and it was described as Figure 1 as follows.
Send Trap S a n d tra p
Headrace
H e ad race B ak P enam pung
Storage
Saluran Pelimpah
Penstock Brang Rea River

Sungai Brang Rea
S u n g ai B ran g R e a
Brang Rea River
S a lu ra n P e m b u a n g Drainage channel
Brang S u n g a Rea i B r aRiver ng R ea
Fig. 1: Scheme of micro hydro electrical power design Hydrology analysis Hydrology analysis was described as flow duration curve as shown in Figure 2. 179
Pipa Pesat
Spillway channel
Fig. 2: Flow duration curve for design rainfall Micro hydro electrical power In general, efficiency of turbine was in the range of 60% to 80% and for generator was in the range of 85% to 90% [7]. In this study, it was used 80% for turbine and 86% for generator. Thus, micro hydro electrical power could be analyzed and the result was described as Table 1. Results of Turbine-Pro software were described as in Figures 3-6. Table 1: Data of micro hydro electrical power, used for simulation Discharge Effective head Location head due to dredging Elevation of location Water temperature Turbine height from tail water Priority efficiency (0 10) Efficiency ratio of Head Frequency of system (50 Hz or 60 Hz) Minimum effective head
0,99 m3/s 10,5 m 12,5 m 147,15 m 20o C 2 0 0.8 50 Hz 8,5
180
Fig. 3: Data at distributor section of turbine
Fig. 4: Data of water passage turbine 181

Fig. 5: Data of arrangement turbine
Fig. 6: Performance curve generator 182

CONCLUSION Based on the analysis as above, it could be concluded that dependable discharge of 90% probability used for design of micro hydro electrical power was 0,99 liter/s.. Therefore it was used 1 turbine. Electrical power which could be prodiced by generator due to the discharge of 0,99 m3/s and effective head of 10,5 m was 78.12 kW. Type of turbine could be used was propeller. It was based on the value of head less 20 m.Brang Rea River had potency energy of 607.430,97 kWh per-year and the electrical power was 78,12 kW and could serve at about 868 houses.
References 1. Bhalla, R.S.; Pelkey, N.W.; and Prasad, K.V.D., Application of GIS for Evaluation and Design of Watershed Guidelines, Journal of Water Resource Manage, 2011, 25: 113-140 2. Shiklomadov, I.A.; Babkiu, V.I.; and Balouishu;kov, Zh.A. 2011. Water Resources, Their Use, and Water Availability in Rusia: Current Estimates and Forecasts. Journal of Water Resources (38) no. 2, p 139-148 3. Zaag, Peter and Gupta, Joyeeta. 2008. Scale Issues in the governance of Water Storage Project. Journal of Water Resource Research, Vol. 44, 14 pages 4. Cheesman, Jeremy; Bennett, Jeff; and Son, Tran Vo Hung. 2008. Estimating Household Water Demand Using Revealed and Contingent Behaviors: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Water Resources Research, Vol. 44, 11 pages. 5. Arismunandar, A and Kuwahara, A. 1991. Teknik Tenaga Listrik, Jilid I, cetakan keenam. PT Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta. 6. Montarcih, Lily. 2010. Hidrologi Praktis. CV Lubuk Agung. Bandung 7. Brown, J.Guthrie. C.B.E. 1984. Hydro-Electri Engineering Practice. London: CBS Publisher & Ditributors.
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Abdul Azis Hoesein and Lily Montarcih, 2011.

International peer-reviewed journal

Journal of Applied Technology in Environmental Sanitation, 1 (2): 177-183.

: diameter of pipe (m) : thickness of pipe (m)

Send Trap S a n d tra p

H e ad race B ak P enam pung

Penstock Brang Rea River

Brang Rea River

Brang S u n g a Rea i B r aRiver ng R ea

0,99 m3/s 10,5 m 12,5 m 147,15 m 20o C 2 0 0.8 50 Hz 8,5

Fig. 3: Data at distributor section of turbine

Fig. 4: Data of water passage turbine 181

Fig. 5: Data of arrangement turbine

Fig. 6: Performance curve generator 182

[This page is intentionally left blank]

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