QUESTION PAPER

Protection application hand book

Ch1 Network - general 1.1)What is surge impedance load 1.2)What are the actions to reduce voltage drop 1.3)What are the actions that can be taken to improve stability 2.1) Why fault calculations are required 2.2) What are symmetrical components 3.1) Why is earthing required 3.2)What is effectively earthed system 3.3)What are the practices of earthing in various countries 4.1)What are the requirements of protection system 4.2)What is redundant protection system 4.3)Draw block diagram of redundant protection system 4.4)What are the various types of back up protections 4.5) What is single failure criteria 4.6)What are definitions of DEPENDABILITY, SECURITY AND RELIABILITY 5.1) Where are the over current relays used in protecting transmission lines. 5.2) What are the requirements of zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3. 5.3)What is a permissive scheme 5.4)How distance relay settings can be compensated in parallel lines 5.4)What are the CBIP recommendations for 400kV, 220kV lines. 5.5)What are the recommendations for cable protection 5.6)Why line differential protection should have backup protection function 5a.1) What are the factors affecting extinction of primary arc 5a.2)What is a secondary arc 5a.3)What are the dead time settings recommended by CBIP

Ch2 Fault calculations

Ch 3 Network earthing

Ch4 Protection - General

Ch5 Line protection

Ch5a) Autoreclosing

2 5a.4)Why is neutral reactor used

Ch 5c) Series Compensated lines

Ch6 Transformers

Ch 7 Reactor Protection

Ch 8 Capacitor protection

Ch 9a Bus bar protection

Ch9b Breaker failure protection

Ch 10 Earth fault protection Ch 11Current Transformers

Ch 12 Voltage transformers Ch 13 Requirements on CTs

Ch 14 Control system structure

5c.1)What are the benefits of series compensated lines 5c.2)What is voltage inversion 5c.3)What is current inversion 6.1)What is typical fault with stand capability of transformer 6.2_What are the CBIP recommendations for GrA and Gr B 6.3)Why harmonic restraint may be required for zero sequence relays used for transformer 7.1)What are various protections used for reactor 7.2)How are the rector protections grouped in group A and Group B 7.3)What other relay can be used in place of impedance relay for reactor back up. 8.1) What are the capacitor withstand values as per IEC 6087-1 8.2)What are the various protections used for shunt capacitor banks 9a.1)What are the limitations of high impedance BB protection 9a.2)What are the advantages of medium/ low impedance relays 9a.3)What are the requirements of isolator auxiliary contacts 9a.4)Why is duplicate busbar protection required 9a.5)Why numerical busbar protection is preferable 9b.1)Why are current detectors preferred over CB aux contacts for LBB logic 9b.2)What settings are recommended for breaker failure relays by CBIP 9b.3) Why two stage BFR is advantageous 9b.4)Why BFR relay should have separate hard ware. 10.1)What are the various types of protections used for earth faults 11.1)What are the different types of CT cores 11.2)What does the specification 30VA, 5P20 stand for 11.3) How are class PS CTs specified? 12.1)What are the accuracy classes of VTs as per IEC 186 13.1) What are the equations for CT requirements of REL 511 and REL 521 13.2)What are the requirements of CTs of RET 521 14.1) What are the recommendations for CT earthing

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14.2) How PT secondary cables should be dimensioned Ch 14a Interlocks Ch 15 Distance relay settings 14a.1) What are the interlocking conditions for isolators and earth switches 15.1) What are the time setting criteria for Zone 2 and Zone 3 15.2)What problems are faced by zone 3 due to load encroachment