INDEX

Abercrombie, R. G., and adolescent scoliosis, 96 Aberdeen, collaboration, 7 access criteria, inpatient, 61 accident/ emergency cases, voluntary hospitals, 62 accidents, casualty departments, 7984 accidents and orthopaedics, 94 Sheffield United Hospitals unit, 98 SRI unit, 58 acute conditions focus, voluntary hospitals, 62 admin and maintenance, expenditure trends 191947, 11213, 112t5.34 administration accommodation, interwar period, 48 savings, voluntary hospitals, 1601 administrators, professional, 1423 admissions, types/ conditions, 6271 almoners and, 6971 and patronage, 65 and payment, 66 conditions, 634 entitlement, contributory schemes and, 689 patient income and, 789 residence conditions, 645 adolescent scoliosis, 96 affluence, health challenges, 2 air pollution Leeds, 13, 289 Sheffield, 13, 15 Alderman Graves Trust, 47 Alexandra Rose Day, 117 almoners and access, 65 273

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bacteriological laboratory, puerperal sepsis, 50 Barnsley case studies, 3 childrens provision, 78

and admissions, 6971 and means tests, 6970 and Penny in the Pound scheme members, 71 assessments, 79 casualty receiving rooms, 80 department, SRI, 63 Fir Vale, 667 LGI, 66, 124 Sheffield, 133 ambulance organization, Sheffield Hospital Council, 81, 146 American hospital management practice, 81 ancillary services interwar period, 4852 redevelopment, Leeds, 54 Anning, S. T. `Medicine in Leeds, 9 and W. K. J. Walls, History of the Leeds School of Medicine, 30 antenatal clinics, 756, 102, 104 appropriation and competition, 1627 and reorganization, 93 opposition, Conservative councils, 164 Sheffield, 178 Armley House TB hospital, 12, 45 arthritis clinic, LPD, 99 Asbury, William, 148, 207 and public/ private cooperation, 167 Attercliffe, 13

742 SSHM19 Politics of Hospital Provision.indb 273

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274

The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain voluntary sector integration, 171, 173 Womens Hospital, 42 `country patient fees, 645 works-based contribution schemes, 121 Board of Guardians Infirmary Committee, 164 Boards of Guardians contributory schemes for free emergency treatment, 64 municipal hospitals management, 143 unification, 1778 see also poor law institutions Boyle, Charles, on LWHF, 162 Bradford health spending league table, 131 non-socialist council, 151 poor law institutions, 155 Braime, T. F., 51, 125 on cost of RTA casualties, 83 Bramley, 12 brewing, Leeds, 23 Brightside, 13 and cooperation, 7, 170, 200 competition, 89 consultants, and cross-sector involvement, 150 contributory schemes and admission entitlement, 69 patient charges, 133 expenditure increase, 110111 funding models, 115 General hospital, 40 inpatient numbers trends, 72 technology use, interwar period, 51 health spending league table, 131 Hospital for Women and Children, fee, 66 ID work, 55 inpatient numbers trends, 72, 73 institutional births, 101, 102 joint committees, 146, 183 management board members continuity, 141 Maternity Hospital inpatient numbers trends, 72 patient payments, 124 medical school and decision making, 148 non-socialist council, 151

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collaboration, 7 cooperation, 170 joint committees, 146 Labour council and municipal hospitals development, 151 and voluntary sector, 152 Barran, P. Austyn on single maternity unit necessary for teaching, 192, 1935 Baschurch Convalescent Home, and openair therapy, 95 Bath, pay beds, 47 Beckett Street infirmary, 43, 58 bed numbers, voluntary hospitals, interwar period, 467 bed-blocking, infirm and chronic sick issues, 94 Bevan, Aneurin, 1, 2 Bierlow, 13 Birmingham and appropriation, 163 childrens hospital, 42, 66 competition, 89 `country patients, 64 eye and ear hospital, 41 funding models, 115 fundraising, 130 general hospitals speciaalist work, 89 health spending league table, 131 inpatient numbers trends, 72 management board members continuity, 141 gender, 142 maternity provision, 105 `Flying Squads, 106 medical school and decision making, 148 mergers/ cooperation, interwar, 90 non-socialist council, 151 Orthopaedic Hospital, 95 outpatient numbers trends, 74 patient registration fee, 66 private beds for women, 79 psychotherapy, 92 Queens Hospital, and orthopaedics, 96 research services, interwar period, 50 specialist hospitals, 88, 89 voluntary hospitals, pay beds, 47

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Index outpatient numbers trends, 74 patients income and admissions, 78 reclasssification, 93 transfers, 186 pay beds, 47 PLI private wards, 64 private beds for women, 79 radium centre, 187 reorganisation, 53 research services, interwar period, 50 Royal Infirmary, expenditure trends, 113 Southmead hospital, 44 subscriber-recommendation system, 65 voluntary sector integration, 171, 173 British Empire Cancer Campaign (BECC), 28, 187 British Hospitals Association, 139 British Hospitals Contributory Schemes Association, 159 British Medical Association, 139 local, and hospital decision making, 147 British Medical Journal (BMJ), on heavy industries, and orthopaedics, 97 British Orthopaedic Association, 95, 96 British Socialist Party, 31 Broomhead, Reginald, and orthopaedics, 99 building works and investment income, 123 post-WWI, 46 buildings, better use of, interwar period, 48 Burnley, council hospitals, and contribution scheme patients, 68 Burton, Montague, and Employers Fund, 1612 Campbell, Dame Janet, 29 on hospital births, 103, 104 cancer challenges, 2 emergence, 62 hospitals, 88 mortality, Leeds, 278 radium treatment, joint working, 1867 Sheffield, 19 Cancer Act, 28, 197 Canterbury, health spending league table, 131

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capital projects and borrowing, 134 and voluntary giving, 110 Treasury and, 161 Castleford and Normanton District Hospital, 58 casualties and orthopaedics, 94 block, SCG, 188 admissions trends, 7980, 80t3.8 attendances increase, 61, 62 clearing centres, general hospitals, 56 departments, 7984 facilities, interwar period, 48, 49 receiving rooms, 80, 82 RTAs, 824 treatment Leeds, 934 SCG, 93 zoning, 81 Cave Committee 1921, 121, 172, 173 chairmen, activity, hospital boards, 1423 Chamberlain, Arthur, 42 Chamberlain, Neville, 163 charges, contributory scheme patients, 133 Cherry, S. `Before the National Health Service..., 56 `Beyond National Health Insurance..., 3 `Medical Care since 1750, 3, 8, 36 Medical Services..., 3 on coordination, 208 `Regional Comparators..., 9 childbirth institutional, 2 service provision, 5 childhood pulmonary TB, Sheffield speciality, 91 children and National Insurance, 76 and voluntary hospitals, Leeds, 181 early exclusion, 40, 41 orthopaedics, 95, 96 Leeds, 181 patient numbers trends, 778 post1870s hospitals and, 36 services expansion, 84

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276

The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain contributor associations, and hospital decision making, 147, 148 contributory schemes, 2045 and admission entitlement, 689 and casualty admissions trends, 80 continuation, unemployed people, 78 labour movement and, 856 members, Leeds, 1812 patient charges, public hospitals, 1323 patients, council hospitals and, 68 workers, 678 convalescent care, Sheffield Hospital Council, 146 Cookridge Convalescent Hospital maternity facilities, 104 WWII emergency changes, 56 Cornwall, and cooperation, 170 coronary/ circulatory diseases, Sheffield, 19 corporate giving gifts in kind, 125 subscriptions/ donations, 116 costs, expenditure trends 191947, 11213, 112t5.34 councils and hospital treatment provision, 357, 612 chaotic, 36 elected members, municipal hospitals management, 1435 public hospital finance, 1315 and contribution scheme patients, 68 support proposals, voluntary hospitals, 161 `country patients, 645 Crawford, Harold, on voluntary system, 158 Crimicar Lane hospital, 45 cross-sector involvement, 14851 Daunton, M., `Payment and Participation..., 56 Daw, S. W., and orthopaedics, 99, 100 Dawson report, 151 Derby, research services, interwar period, 50 Derbyshire District Miners Welfare, and Sheffield orthopaedics, 97 dermatology work LGI specialist honorary appointments, 89, 90

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joint working, 188 wards, public hospitals, interwar period, 52 childrens hospitals, 42, 43, 44, 456, beds, interwar period, 47 no fee, 66 Seacroft ID institution, 58 chiropody chronic cases, clinics, 100 unit, LGI, 92 Christmas, gifts in kind, 127 chronic cases provision, public hospitals, interwar period, 52 circulatory diseases, emergence, 62 Citizens Alliance (CA), 21 City Centre Dispensary, and TB cases, 45 civil defence personnel, WWII provision, 56 Clark, Dr John, 145, 146 Clark, Ina Kitson, 29 class access criteria, 61 and labour market, 1516, 246 Clayton voluntary hospital, Wakefield, 93 clothing industry, 223, 245 co-operation and competition, 169201 promotion factors, 2067 specialist/ general institutions, 423 co-operative movement, Leeds, 25 co-ordination municipal/ voluntary, 1809 organizations, 1725 Cohen, Professor, and smoke abatement, 28 commercial relations, voluntary/ municipal, 181 commercial sector, Leeds, 23 Commonside TB hospital, Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 58 community representation, Sheffield Joint Hospitals Council, 173 competition and appropriation, 1627 and co-operation, 169201 Conservative councils, appropriation opposition, 1647 consultants and cross-sector involvement, 150 voluntary, 160

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Index Sheffield, 89 diabetic outpatient department, SRH, 90 Dick, Dr, 145, 146 on casualty plans, 188 on Leeds joint advisory committee, 183 on LGI, 185 on orthopaedics, joint working, 186 Direct Labour Organisation (DLO), Sheffield, 21 disability, long-term, services for, 95 dispensaries, public, services, 40 doctors and right to control admissions, 141 panel, and casualty admissions trends, 80 see also consultants; medical domestic departments modernization, interwar period, 48, 51 expenditure trends 191947, 11213, 112t5.34 donations, 11619 Doncaster, proposed capital projects borrowing, 135 Donelan, Dr on maternity provision, 105, 106 on Sheffield pulmonary TB work, 91 Doyle, B. M., 56, 140 `Competition and Cooperation, 67 `Labour and Hospitals, 36 duplication Local Government Act 1929 and, 16971 overcoming, 1757 Durham, Mohan on, 7 Dyhouse, Carol, on student rags, 118 Eastbourne health spending league table, 131 patient fees, 66 Eccleshall and Sheffield Unions unified 1926, 53 economic change Leeds, 226 Sheffield, 1113, 1322 Edgar Allen Institute and integration, 172, 1767 and outpatient orthopaedics, 96, 97, 100 Edgar Allen Physical Treatment Centre, 177

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finance, 56, 10935 and RTA casualties, 834 appeals to public, 71 funding models, 11415t5.4, 115 management, interwar period, 48 see also expenditure; income Fir Vale Institution, 93 almoner, 667 appropriation, 53, 178 childrens hospital, 44 childrens wards, 52 general hospital work, 1778 male sanatorium ward, 44 maternity provision, 52, 106 mental health beds, 92 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 57

Edinburgh, institutional births, 101 Education Committees, and orthopaedics, 99 elderly people, post1870s hospitals and, 36 electric massage techniques, interwar period, 501 Elliott, Rev. Thompson, on voluntary system, 158 Ellis, Frank, and cancer radiotherapy, 187, 198 emergency treatment, contributory schemes for, 64 Emergency Medical Service WWII (EMS), 556 employer contributions, Sheffield, 116 Employers Contribution Fund, Leeds Council and, 181 endowments, 127, 128 engineering industry, Leeds, 223 epidemics, Leeds, 26 ethnic minorities, post1870s hospitals and, 36 ethnicity and labour market, 25 evacuees, WWII provision, 56 expenditure and income 191947, 111, 111t5.12 increase post-WWI, 10910, 11013, 111t5.1 local authorities league table, 1312 trends 191947, 11213, 112t5.34

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278

The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain Gosling, G. C., `Open the Other Eye..., 56, 68, government block grants, public hospital finance, 132 Graves, J. C., 125, 129, 130 Graves Radiotherapy Trust, 198 Gray, J., Edinburgh City Hospital, 44 Gunn, S. Public Culture..., 140 gynecology LGI, 89, 90 LHW, 90 SRI, 90 Hallam, Rupert, 89, 150 Harrogate Royal Bath Hospital, 99 Hayes, N. and B. M. Doyle, `Eggs, Rags and Whist Drives..., 56, `Our Hospitals?..., 3 Headingley-cum-Burley, 12 health Leeds, 2630 Sheffield, 1620 health committees and hospital treatment provision, 62 municipal hospitals management, 1435 powerful individuals and, 14850 health effects, Sheffield industries, 15 health expenditure, local authorities league table, 1312 health indicators Leeds, 17t1.2, 267 Sheffield, 1617 health policy radicalized, 22 health provision, 323 heavy industries, and orthopaedics, 95, 979 Herzl Moser Jewish Hospital, 162 historians on co-operation vs competition, 18990 on hospitals development themes, 203 on municipal/ voluntary co-operation absence, 16970, 1801 Holbeck, 12, 13 general cases, 178 infirm wards, reorganisation, 534 Holdsworth, Frank, and orthopaedics, 967 home vs. hospital births, 1034

flag days, scepticism, 117 football charity matches, 118 Foster, Alderman D. B., on hospital support, 1545 Fountain, Alderman Frank, 148 free milk, pregnant and nursing mothers, 104 friendly societies, 25 funding models, 11415t5.4, 115 fundraising appeals, 127, 12831 events, 11718, 122 Gateforth Sanatorium, 45 gender access criteria, 61 and labour market, 1516, 246 and service provision, 767 general hospitals building/ expansion, 401 casualty clearing centres, 56 expenditure increase post-WWI, 10910, 11013, 111t5.1 expenditure trends 191947, 11213, 112t5.3 former dispensaries, 40 fundraising appeals, 12830 Local Government Act 1929, 356 state, 434 voluntary, 401 inpatient numbers trends, 712, 72t3.2 General Strike, 21 geographic features, Leeds/ Sheffield, 11 Gibson, C. G., on volunteers, 1589 gifts in kind, 1257 mass collection campaigns, 1256 Glasgow, cancer hospitals, 88 Gloucestershire, and cooperation, 170 Gorsky, M. and J. Mohan and T. Willis Mutualism and Health Care..., 68, 147, 205 and S. Sheard (eds), Financing Medicine..., 56 `Bristol..., 4, 56, 8, 36 `Threshold of a New Era, 36 Gosling, `Charity and Change..., 47, 6970, 71, 110,

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742 SSHM19 Politics of Hospital Provision.indb 278

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Index `hospital habit, 61 Hospital Saturday Funds, 117 workplace collections, 67 Hospital Savings Association (HSA), 68 hospitals boards, powerful individuals and, 14850 and bed provision by type 17971948, 38t2.12 and party politics, Leeds, 312 co-operation, Leeds, 30 management, political aspects, 67, 14151 provision, voluntary/ municipal, 3559 space reorganization, 36 specialities expansion, 36 systems development, 169201 House of Recovery, Leeds, 45 housing council, Sheffield, 21 Leeds, 267, 28, 31 Housing of the Working Classes Act 1890, 20 Hull failure to modernise, 85 Labour control, and municipal hospitals development, 151 Hull Public Assistance Institutions (PAIs), 54 Hull Royal Infirmary, radiotherapy unit, 58 Humberstone, Alderman Moses, 21, 119, 148, 152, 153, 154, 207 Hunslet, 12, 13 Hunt, Agnes, and open-air therapy, 95 income, 11331 191947, 111, 111t5.2 increase post-WWI, 10910, 111t5.2 sources 191947, 11315, 11415t5.4 mix, Leeds, 110 traditional, trends, 119 incurable conditions early exclusion, 40 post1870s hospitals and, 36 Independent Labour Party (ILP), 31 individuals and groups, and local hospital system, 2037

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Jefferson, Geoffrey, 92 Jervis, Dr Johnstone, MOH, 101, 145, 146, 1856, 189 on need for childrens hospital, 456 reports, 2630 Jessop Hospital for Women, 17, 42, 43, 77, 89 admission/ exclusion conditions, 64 almoners, 70 beds, 46, 47

powerful, cross-sector involvement, 14850 subscriptions/ donations, 116 industrial accidents, 81 and orthopaedics, 94, 95, 978 Sheffield, 19 industrial diseases, Sheffield, 15 infant mortality, 1617 Infant and Child Centres, Leeds, 104 Infant Welfare Clinics, Leeds, 181 infectious diseases council services for, 36 decline, 62 early exclusion, 40 hospitals, 445 admission, 64 interwar period, 48, 4950, 52 isolation, 445 no patient charges, 132 decline, 55, 84 inpatient numbers trends, 73, 74t3.5 post1870s hospitals and, 36 Sheffield, 18 infirm and chronic sick issues, 94 infirmaries, workhouse, 434 influenza pandemic, 18 inpatients access criteria, 61 Leeds, 61 numbers increase, interwar, 61 trends, 714 insurance, and RTA casualties, 834 integrated services development, 16971 Invalid Childrens Aid Society, 46 investment income, 1223, 1301 isolation hospitals see infectious diseases

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280

The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain Leeds, 246 Sheffield, 1516 Labour councils and appropriation, 1623, 1645, 167 and municipal hospitals development, 151 Sheffield, 212 Labour Movement and the Hospital Crisis, 139 labour movement, 202 and contributory systems, 856 and hospital provision, 2, 7, 1517 and municipal services, 140 Leeds, 312 Sheffield, 16 Labour parties, local, and voluntary sector, 1517 and MOHs co-ordinating role, 151 and municipal control, 151 on pauperism, 164 nature/ effect, 2056, 207 Labour Representation Committee (LRC), 16 Ladies Committees, 142 Lamb, Sydney, on labour movement and voluntary sector, 151, 152 Lancashire, TB hospitals, 45 laundries modernization, interwar period, 48, 51 Laybourn, K., Britain on the Breadline..., 15 Leeds, health care/ hospitals in general ancillary services redevelopment, 54 and regional developments, 1978 building works, and investment income, 123 cancer radium treatment joint working, 187, 191 regional development, 1978 casualty treatment, 934 admissions trends, 80, 80t3.8 arrangements, slow progress, 188 zoning, 82 childrens provision, 456, 58, 778 paediatrics, 901 Christmas gifts, 127 citywide appeals, 1289 consultants, and cross-sector involvement, 150

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Killingbeck Hospital, 45 capital projects borrowing, 134 major extension, 55 WWII emergency changes, 56 King Edward VII Sheffield childrens orthopaedics, 96 childrens provision, 78 free treatment, 66 kitchens modernization, interwar period, 48, 51 La Touche, A. A. Diges, 187 labour, as gift in kind, 125 labour market

bomb damage, 56 cancer radium treatment, 187 direct payment, 69 extension plan, Health Committee and, 1956 finance expenditure/ income 191947, 111t5.12 gifts, 130 income sources 191947, 114t5.4 investment income, 122, 1301 legacies, 123 traditional income decline, 119 inpatient numbers trends, 72 management board members, gender, 142 maternity department, 105, 106 Sheffield Contributors Association and, 148 Maternity Wing, Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 57 Norton Hall, puerperal sepsis services, 50 nurses home, 48, 113 patient fees arrangement, 66 patient income and admissions, 79 patient payments, 123 pay beds, 47, 48 pay wards, 125 Jewish immigrants, Leeds, 12, 23, 25 joint committees, 1467 and institutional autonomy, 147 Joint Hospitals Council, Leeds, 32 Jones, Sir Robert, orthopaedics works, 95, 99

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Index cooperation, 2001 council hospitals, and contribution scheme patients, 68 development themes, 2034 plans abandoned WWII, 55 economic social and political change, 1113, 2232 finance building works, and investment income, 123 capital projects borrowing, 1345 corporate subscriptions/ donations, 116 health spending league table, 1312 income sources 191947, 114t5.4 income sources mix, 110 student rags and, 118 traditional income constant, 119 geographic features, 11 hospital politics, 2, 49 infectious diseases hospitals, 45 and TB hospitals, free treatment, 66 inpatient numbers trends, 74t3.5 maternity provision, 1005 antenatal clinics, 756 infant mortality, 1617, 17t1.2 institutional births, 1012, 102t4.1 patients, income from, 1334 competition, Barran and, 192, 1935 Ministry of Health surveyors on, 199 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 567 orthopaedics, 99100 joint working, 186 regional centre, 197 outpatient policies, 75 patients access, women, 61 almoners, 70 bed provision by type 17971948, 38t2.2 direct payments, 1234 inpatients, 61 patient income and admissions, 789 patient numbers trends by gender, 767, 77t3.7 pay beds, 478 population, 12

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service provision by gender, 767, 77t3.7 subscriber-recommendation system, 65 transferred patients, 1846 payment, 184, 185 political culture, 302 power changes, 1434 poor law hospitals and contributory scheme members, 1812 appropriation, 52 blocked, 132 post-WWII pre-NHS period, 58 powerful individuals cross-sector involvement, 14850 public hospitals, 178 public/ private competition, 166 regional patient admission arrangements, 65 RTA casualties, 823, 84 sanitation, 13 specialist/ general institutions, co-operation, 423 specialist institutions, investment income, 122 TB cases children, patient numbers trends, 78 inpatient numbers trends, 74t3.5 outpatient clinics, 756 uncoordinated 1933, 179 VD treatment unification, 181 voluntary/ municipal co-ordination, 1712 arrangements, 1823, 1845 commercial relations, 1812 negotiations, 174 unofficial, 185 women and Public Health Committee, 144 workers/ employers, and fund contributions, 120 Leeds and District Employers Voluntary Hospital Fund, 1201, 171, 173 Committee, 174 Martin and, 166 Leeds A, Annual Report HMC on St Georges TB unit, 58 Leeds Babies Welcome Association, 29, 104

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282

The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain income sources 191947, 114t5.4 investment income, 122, 123 Student Rag donations, 128 gynecology, 89, 90 joint treatment schemes, 181 linen guild, 126 management board members continuity, 141, 142 gender, 142 maternity service, 89 medical staff and operational management, 143 mental health OP clinic, 93 merged with Castleford and Normanton District Hospital, 58 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 567 neuro-surgery department, 92 nurses, accommodation, 49, 113 ophthalmic work, 41, 89 orthopaedics, 92, 99100 and Leeds Education Department, 1901 patients admission/ exclusion conditions, 63 classification, interwar period, 49 inpatient numbers trends, 72 outpatient numbers trends, 74, 75t3.6 payments, 66, 123, 124 service provision by gender, 767, 77t3.7 subscriber-recommendation system, 65 transferred patients, 184, 1856 pay beds, 47, 48, 55 pay wards, 125 RTA casualties, 82, 83, 84 technology use, interwar period, 51 trade unions and non-union labour, 148 workshops redevelopment, gifts in kind, 125 Leeds Health Committee and appropriation, 1646, 17980 and institutional births, 102 Leeds Hospital for Women (LHW), 42 admission/ exclusion conditions, 64 almoners, 70 and `country patients, 65

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Leeds Board of Guardians Labour group and, 1556 Leeds Citizen, 155 Leeds City Council and appropriation, 54 council changes, 164, 165 and Employers Contribution Fund, 181 and street collections, 117 Conservatives, on voluntary system, 159 Education Department and LGI orthopaedic patients, 1901 and voluntary hospitals, 181 Labour group on appropriation, 1656 opposition to voluntary sector, 1547 Lord Mayors appeal 1924, 173 Million Shilling Fund, 129 Sanitary Committee, Leeds City Hospitals..., 45 Leeds General Infirmary (LGI), 29, 30, 401 almoners, 66, 70 and LVHC, 147 and LWHF, 120, 121 and specialist work, 89 and voluntary sector integration, 1712 as clearing house, 93 as specialist hospital, Watson on, 8990 interwar period, 46, 47 Brotherton wing, 55, 125 cancer radium treatment, 187 casualty department, 80, 82 admissions trends, 80t3.8 childrens department, 46, 91 patient numbers trends, 77 chiropody unit, 92 chronic cases, clinics, 100 `country patients, 64 dermatology work, 89, 90 domestic modernization, interwar period, 51 Faculty on waiting lists, 188 finance donations, 11617 expenditure/ income 191947, 111, 111t5.12 gifts/ legacies, 1278

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Index and LVHC, 147 cancer radium treatment, 187 finance expenditure/ income 191947, 111t5.12 fees, 66 investment income, 130 gynecology, 90 inpatient numbers trends, 72 management board members, gender, 142 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 57 outpatient facilities, interwar period, 49 pay beds, 478 pay wards, 1245 research services, interwar period, 50 service provision by gender, 767, 77t3.7 WWII emergency changes, 56 Leeds Hospital Saturday Fund, 115, 117, 1212 Leeds Infirmaries, chronic cases provision, 52 Leeds Infirmary for Eye and Ear cases (LIEE), 411 Leeds Joint Hospital Council, and West Riding County Council, 197 Leeds Joint Hospitals Advisory Committee, 146, 166, 183 Leeds Labour Party, 31 Leeds Maternity and Child Welfare Department, 104 Leeds Maternity and Child Welfare scheme, 124 Leeds Maternity Hospital (LMH), , 1005 admission/ exclusion conditions, 64 almoners, 70 and LVHC, 147 campaign, 42 domestic modernization, interwar period, 51 gifts, 130 inpatient numbers trends, 72 investment income, 1301 isolation services, 50 management board members, gender, 142

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Leeds Voluntary Hospital Council, 117, 147, 166, 174, 176, 177 flag day, no political support, 154 Leeds Womens Jubilee Fund Committee, 42

medical staff and operational management, 143 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 57 nurses, accommodation, 49 patient payments, 66, 123, 124 pay beds, 478 research services, interwar period, 50 WWII emergency changes, 56 Leeds Medical Officers of Health and Mental Deficiency service, 179 and Public Assistance medical service, 179 and School Medical service, 179 and VD treatment unification, 181 Annual Reports, 2630, influence/ marginalization, 1456 Leeds Public Dispensary (LPD), 41 admission/ exclusion conditions, 63 arthritis clinic, 99 Burton on, 162 casualty admissions trends, 80t3.8 childrens provision, 77 expenditure/ income 191947, 111, 111t5.12 gifts, 130 inpatient numbers trends, 72 labour members and, 1567 management board members continuity, 141, 142 gender, 142 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 57 outpatient numbers trends, 74, 75t3.6 patient payments, 123, 124 no fees, 67 Public Assistance Committee and, 67 public support, 158, 159 reluctance to merge, 174, 176 RTA casualties, 82, 83 Leeds Public Health Committee, 144 Leeds University medical school, 30 and cross-sector integration, 192

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284

The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain municipal hospital finance, 1315 non-socialist, need for more studies, 2078 poor law hospitals appropriation, 523 local cultures, influence, 139, 205 local government boundaries, and admissions, 65 Local Government Act 1929, 523, 59, 62, 139 and appropriation, 1627 and capital projects borrowing, 1345 and collaboration, 1825 and duplication, 16971 and general hospitals, 356 Section 15, and patient charges, 67, 133 local structures, influence, 139, 205 Lodge Moor Hospital, 45, 199 free treatment, 66 inpatient numbers trends, 74t3.5 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 578 renovations, 55 London cancer hospitals, 88 expenditure increase, 110 Rivett on, 3 London County Council, 151 Labour control, and municipal hospitals development, 151 Lupton, Alderman Charles, 91, 148, 207 on childrens hospital bad for teaching, 192 management boards, 1413 members continuity, 141 gender, 142 management power changes, municipal hospitals, 1435 management techniques, hospitals, 36 Manchester cancer hospitals, 88 capital projects, 135 casualty treatment, 93 arrangements, slow progress, 188 zoning, 81 childrens hospital, 42 collaboration, 7, 170, 200

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Leeds Workpeoples Hospital Fund, 6, 25, 67, 68, 117, 1202, 205, 206 and LPD, 159 and patient direct payments, 124 converting to contributory scheme, 173 fundraising events, 122 labour members and, 156, 157 organization, 1202 patients, and municipal hospitals, 182 payments to Council, 133 Sanderson on, 162 service provision by gender, 767, 77t3.7 legacies, 1278 Sheffield, 123 Leicester collaboration, 7 corporate subscriptions/ donations, 116 funding models, 115 new building, post-WWI, 46 patient transfers, 186 voluntary system, public support, 158 works-based contribution schemes, 122 Leigh, Alderman P. T., 148 Levene, Alysa et al., Cradle to Grave, 4, on cooperation, 170 on party politics influence, 139 Lewis, Jane, and Charles Webster, on MOHs, 145 Liberal party, unions and, 16 linen guilds, 1267 Liverpool childrens hospital, 42 cooperation, 170 funding models, 115 health spending league table, 131 non-socialist council, 151 on public perceptions, 71 outpatient numbers trends, 74 Penny in the Pound Scheme failure, 120 specialist hospitals, 88, 89 works-based contribution schemes, 121 Liverpool Voluntary Hospital Commission, 75 local authorities, 20 borrowing, 1345 general services, 17780 health expenditure, league table, 1312

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Index285 joint committees, 146, 183 patient transfers, 186 specialist/ general institutions, cooperation, 43 voluntary sector integration, 171 consultants, and cross-sector involvement, 150 contributory scheme patient charges, 133 corporate subscriptions/ donations, 116 council hospitals, and contribution scheme patients, 68 `country patients, 64 funding models, 115 health spending league table, 1312 House of Recovery, 45 inpatient numbers trends, 73 institutional births, 101 neuro-surgery department, 92 non-socialist council, 151 PLI private wards, 64 poor law hospitals appropriation, 53, 163 research services, interwar period, 50 Royal Infirmary and orthopaedics, 96 cost of RTA casualties, 83 pay beds, 47 RTA casualties, 823 specialist hospitals, 88, 89 St Marys, management board members, gender, 142 traditional income constant, 119 works-based contribution schemes, 122 Marguerite Hepton Home, childrens hospital, 46 Marguerite Hepton Orthopaedic Hospital, 99, 100, 197 Marland, H., Medicine and Society..., 36 Martin, Alderman Sir George, 148, 185, 207 and Barrans maternity provision plans, 1945 and LPD and PAC, 67 and public/ private competition, 166 on LWHF, 159 on PAC control not appropriation, 164, 165 mass collection campaigns, gifts in kind, 1256 Master Cutlers Company, 15 maternal mortality decrease, 104 Leeds, 27 maternity services, 1007 and child welfare, Leeds, 28, 29 clinics, Sheffield, 106 competition, 1923 Barran and, 192, 1935 development, 87 early exclusion, 40, 41 expansion, 84 `Flying Squads, 104, 106 hospitals, 42, 44, 45, 47 joint working, 188 LGI, 89 outfits, free, 104 patients income from, 101, 1334 Sheffield, poor law charging, 134 post1870s hospitals and, 36 public hospitals, interwar period, 52 units/ wards, 45 Nether Edge, 58 Sheffield, 77 Maternity and Child Welfare Act 1917, 101 Maternity Benefit, 66 and competition, 1923 payment to hospitals, 133 Matthews, Sir Ronald, 148 and Jessop extension plan, 1956 and public/ private cooperation, 167 on voluntary system, 158, 159, 160, 161, 163 McIntosh, T. `Maternity in Sheffield, 1517 means testing almoners and, 6970 council hospitals, and contribution scheme patients, 68 medical charity AGMs, 157 medical schools, 1920, 30 and cross-sector integration, 1912 and hospital decision making, 147, 148 and hospitals responsibilities delineation, 423 and inter-sector collaboration, 189 and public hospitals, 20 and specialist services duplication, 171

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286

The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain general hospitals, 40 ID work, 55 infirmary, 43 Labour control, and municipal hospitals development, 151 management board members continuity, 141 gender, 142 medical staff and operational management, 143 PLI private wards, 64 private beds for women, 79 reforms, 44 reorganisation, 53 research services, interwar period, 50 respiratory diseases, 18 subscriber-recommendation system, 65 TB hospitals, 45 trade unions and non-union labour, 148 waiting list reduction schemes, 191 workers effectively run voluntary hospitals, 152 midwives, 88 municipal, 104, 106 private, Sheffield, 1056 Midwives Act 1936, 104, 106 military hospitals, and orthopaedics, 95 military personnel, WWII provision, 56 Miners Welfare and Sheffield orthopaedics, 978 and voluntary hospital services, 151, 152 and Wharncliffe spinal paraplegia unit, 98 Miners Welfare Block, Sheffield Hospital, 48 technology use, 501 Miners Welfare Commission, rehabilitation facilities, 98 mining, Sheffield, 15 Ministry of Health and capital projects borrowing, 1345 and voluntary sector, 139 surveys, 3, 567, 209 Mitchell, M., `Effects of Unemployment..., 15, 16 Mohan, J. on coordination, 208 on inadequate hospital provision, 36

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and voluntary sector integration, 1712 research services, interwar period, 50 medical staff accommodation, interwar period, 48 and cross-sector initiatives, 1889 honorary, and operational management, 143 medical superintendents, influence, Health Committees, 1456 Medical Officers of Health (MOH) and hospital treatment provision, 62 and integration, 7 co-ordinating role Labour party and, 151 Matthews on, 163 influence/ marginalization, 1456 Medical Research Council, 50 membership contribution schemes, 678 men service provision, 767 working-class, access, Sheffield, 61 mental health provision, 923 clinic, SRI, 89 early exclusion, 40 `imbeciles ward, Leeds, 44 outpatient services, 87 West Riding County Council (WRCC), 36 mergers/ cooperation, interwar, 90 metalworking industries, contributory health scheme, 61 middle classes, Leeds, 234, 256 Middlesbrough admission/ exclusion conditions, 63 air pollution, 15 Christmas gifts, 127 collaboration, 7, 170 joint committees, 146, 183 patient transfers, 186 competition, 89 contributor associations, 1478 patient charges, 133 power, 205 finance expenditure increase, 110 funding models, 115 North Ormesby, expenditure trends, 113

742 SSHM19 Politics of Hospital Provision.indb 286

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Index on joint committees, 146 Planning, Markets and Hospitals, 7, 8, 53, Molly Taylor scandal, 101, 135 morality, voluntary system, 158 Morris, R. J. on social leaders and hospitals, 140 mortality Leeds, 267 Sheffield, 1618, 17t1.2 Motherhood League, 17 motor accidents, and orthopaedics, 94 Mould, Gilbert, 92 Moynihan, Sir Berkeley, 30, 171 municipal control, Labour party and, 151 municipal enterprise, Leeds, 301 municipal hospitals finance, 1315 inpatient numbers increase, 61 management, 1436 outpatient provision, 756 patient reclasssification, 93 specialities development, 934 supplementary role, 191, 192 surgery, 934 municipal midwives, 104, 106 municipal/ voluntary co-ordination, 1809 joint committees, 1467 mutualist funds, 67 National Insurance, 151 and casualty admissions, 79, 80 women and children exclusions, 76 National Insurance Act 1911, and TB sanatoria, 36 National Insurance Maternity Benefit, 66 and competition, 1923 payment to hospitals, 133 National Radiotherapy Centre, 58 Nether Edge, 77, 93 appropriation, 53, 178 bomb damage, 56 chronic, TB and child cases, 178 general hospital work, 178 inpatient numbers trends, 73 maternity unit, 52, 58, 64, 105, 106 medical patients, 94 TB provision, 200 workhouse hospital, 43, 44

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see also Sheffield City General Hospital neurosurgery departments LGI/ St Jamess, 92 SRI, 58 Newcastle and cooperation, 7, 170 health spending league table, 131 maternity `Flying Squads, 106 patient transfers, 186 RVI, and `country patients, 65 subscriber-recommendation system, 65 workplace collections, 67 Newport case studies, 3 non-socialist council, 151 Nicholson, A. P., 1856 non-cash gifts, 1257 non-pulmonary TB, childrens hospitals, 44, 456 non-socialist local authorities, need for more studies, 2078 Norfolk, and cooperation, 170 Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, admission/ exclusion conditions, 63 North Riding Infirmary admission/ exclusion conditions, 63 Northumberland, Mohan on, 7 Norton Hall maternity hospital, 47 purchase, 173, 175 Sheffield Hospital Council and, 146 Norwich and appropriation, 163 and cooperation, 170 council hospitals, and contribution scheme patients, 68 `country patients, 64 funding models, 115 Labour control, and municipal hospitals development, 151 mergers/ cooperation, interwar, 90 minimal infirmary, 43 outpatient numbers trends, 74 PLI, 54 Public Assistance Committee, 53 TB work, 55 works-based contribution schemes, 121 Nottingham

742 SSHM19 Politics of Hospital Provision.indb 287

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288

The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain PACs, municipal hospitals management, 143 paediatrics Leeds, 901 Sheffield, 91 party politics and capital projects, 135 and municipal policy, 1401 Leeds, 312 Sheffield, 202 pathology services, interwar period, 48, 4950 patients admission/ exclusion conditions, 634 admissions almoners and, 6971 and patronage, 65 and payment, 66 age access criteria, 61 profile change, 62 and access, 6186 charges, 1235 and workplace collections, 67 Leeds Labour group and, 1556 Local Government Act 1929 and, 133 membership contribution schemes, 678 mutualist funds, 67 out of city, payments for, 132 paying patients, public hospitals, 64 post-WWI, 667 charity/ pauperism concept end, 71 classification development, 434 interwar period, 48, 49 reclassification, municipal hospitals, 93 voluntary general hospitals, 889 demands, 87 direct payments, and Penny in the Pound scheme, 123 income, and admissions, 789 maintenance charges, Sheffield, 123 management, 5 interwar period, 48, 49 numbers increase, 5 population change, 61, 62 residence conditions, 645 `country, 645

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Onslow Commission, 161 open-air therapy, 956 ophthalmic department, Leeds General Infirmary (LGI), 41 ophthalmic work, LGI specialist honorary appointments, 89 orthopaedics, 94100 joint working, 186 Leeds regional centre, 197 outpatient, Edgar Allen Institute, 96 service provision, 5 services development, 87 Sheffield, 19 orthoptics clinic, LGI, 92 outpatients attendances increase, 61 trends, 746 departments, and casualty departments, 801 facilities interwar period, 48, 49 municipal hospitals, 756 Sheffield City General, 58 specialist, 171 technical specialists and, 889 Oxford, and cooperation, 170

contributor associations, 1478 corporate subscriptions/ donations, 116 funding models, 115 management board members continuity, 141, 142 gender, 142 new building, post-WWI, 46 private beds for women, 79 voluntary system, public support, 158 Nuffield Surveyors, on maternity facilities, 105 nurses accommodation, interwar period, 489 Leeds, 44 recruitment/ retention, interwar period, 489 specialist, 88 pay/ conditions, and recruitment, 113 nursing mothers, free milk, 104

742 SSHM19 Politics of Hospital Provision.indb 288

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Index geographical origin, municipal hospitals and, 190 socio-economic/ political factors, 204 subscribers and, 40 transfers, Sheffield, 183, 186 types, 769 waiting list, Sheffield, 167, 1834, 1901 patronage, and admissions, 65 pauperism, Labour party on, 164 pay beds and means testing, 68 LGI, 55 voluntary hospitals, 478, 62 women and, 79 pay wards, 1245 payment, and admissions, 66 Pennock, `Evolution of St Jamess, PEP report 1937, on public/ private disunity, 16970 physiotherapists, 88 Pickstone, J. V. Medicine and Industrial Society..., 3, 8, 9, 36, 445, 47, 81, 203 Pinker, R., English Hospital Statistics..., 110 plastic surgery departments SRH, 92 St Jamess, 92 Platt, Harry, and orthopaedics, 96 political change, Sheffield, 202 political culture, Leeds, 302 political parties, subscriptions/ donations, 116 Political and Economic Planning (PEP) surveys, 3 politics, hospital, 67 hospital access, 612 hospital provision, 13951 poor law guardians, attitudes change, 43 poor law infirmaries (PLIs), 356, 623 and contributory schemes members, 1812 and emergency patients, 182 appropriation, 523 finance, 1315 Leeds, 301 appropriation blocked, 132 Leeds Labour group and, 1556

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maternity patients, 101, 102 paying patients, 64 private wards, 64 Sheffield Hospital Council and, 146 Poor Law Unions, 20 poor people, voluntary hospital provision, 35 population change, 61, 62 Leeds/ Sheffield, 12, 12t1.1 post-natal clinics, 104 post-WWII pre-NHS period, 58 Potternewton, 12 Powell, Martin `An Expanding Service, 523, pre- & post-operative care management, interwar period, 48 pre-NHS hospital system, 1 pregnant women, free milk, 104 Preston, management board members continuity, 141 prisoners of war, WWII provision, 56 private patient provision voluntary hospitals, 478 private wards, PLIs, 64 women and, 79 professional protectionism, 1901 Progressives, Sheffield, 21 provisions, expenditure trends 191947, 11213, 112t5.34 psychotherapy, Birmingham, 92 public assistance cases, 78 public dispensaries, services, 40 public hospitals admission/ exclusion conditions, 64 appropriation, 17780 finance, 1315 inpatient numbers trends, 734, 73t3.4, 74t3.5 Jewish employers and, 162 patient income and admissions, 78 paying patients, 64, 667 residence conditions, 645 restructuring, 523 services development, 623 public/ private competition, 166, 167 public/ private disunity, PEP report 1937, 16970

742 SSHM19 Politics of Hospital Provision.indb 289

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290

The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain road accident casualties, 2, 824 and finance, 834 casualty admissions, 79, 80 increase, 62 response, 1878 Road Traffic Act 1934, and payment for RTA casualties, 84 Road Traffic Bill 1930, 83 Rochdale, health spending league table, 132 Rothwell reorganisation, 534 see also St Georges hospital Rowlinson, E. G., 21, 153, 154 Russell, Gladys, on home vs. hospital births, 1034 Safety First campaign, 84 salaries and wages, expenditure trends 191947, 11213, 112t5.34 Salford contributory scheme patient charges, 133 guardians hospital, 43 health spending league table, 1312 poor law hospitals appropriation, 53 Samaritan Society, 126 Sanderson, J. on working people and LWHF, 162 sanitation, Leeds/ Sheffield, 13 Sankey Commission Report, 170, 171, 172, 185, 192, 197 science/ technology use, interwar period, 4951, 54 scientific management, and casualty departments, 81 Scotland, workplace collections, 67 Seacroft Hospital, 45 becomes childrens institution, 91 capital projects borrowing, 134 ID institution, 58 inpatient numbers trends, 73 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 57 puerperal sepsis cases, and residence conditions, 65 WWII transfer to EMS; expansion, 56 secretary-superintendents, hospital boards, 1423 Sheffield, hospitals/ health provision

public support, voluntary system, 15862 Public Assistance Committee and poor law hospitals, 132 control, Martin on, 164, 165 Public Health (Smoke Abatement) Act 1926, 18 Public Health Act 1875, and ID hospitals, 445 Public Health Act 1925, 183 puerperal sepsis, isolation services, 50 pulmonary TB hospitals, 44, 45 strategy, 1819 Quarry Hill, 31 radiologists, 88 radiology, SRI, 89 radiotherapy unit, Hull Royal Infirmary, 58 radium applications, interwar period, 501 radium centres, 209 national, 187 rates (council property tax) public hospital finance, 132 rise predictions, and municipal control, 161 regional developments, 12, 196200, 207, 2089 regional hospital council proposals, 197 regional/ inter-urban differences, income sources, 109 Reinarz, J., Healthcare in Birmingham..., 4, 56 relieving officers admissions, 78 Martin on, 164 religious faiths representatives, defending voluntary sector, 158, 159 research services, interwar period, 48, 4950, 54 respiratory diseases Leeds, 27 Sheffield, 1819 rheumatism therapy Edgar Allen Institute, 96 Harrogate Royal Bath Hospital, 99 Rivett, G., The Development of the London Hospital System..., 3, 150

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742 SSHM19 Politics of Hospital Provision.indb 290

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Index ambulances organization, 81 and childhood pulmonary TB, 91 and orthopaedics, 969 antenatal clinics, 756 appropriation, 52, 1645, 167 beneficial results, 1656 bomb damage effects, 55, 56 cancer radium treatment joint working, 1867 regional development, 197, 198 casualties admissions trends, 80, 80t3.8, 81 RTA casualties, 83, 84 zoning, 81 contributory scheme patients, 68 and admission entitlement, 69 charges, 133 consultants, and cross-sector involvement, 150 cooperation, 2001 dermatology work, 89 development themes, 2034 disabled childrens hospital, 45 economic development/ change, 1113, 1322 geographic features, 11 finance appeals to public, 71 building works, and investment income, 123 capital projects, 135 gifts in kind, 125 linen guilds, 126 gifts/ legacies, 127, 128 health spending league table, 1312 income sources 191947, 11415t5.4 investment income, 122 legacies, 123 traditional income decline, 119 health, 1620 hospital politics, 2, 49 ID hospitals, 45 children, patient numbers trends, 77 infant mortality, 1617, 17t1.2 joint committees, 1467 joint working plan, 81 labour market, 1516 local government boundaries

291 and admissions, 65 four proximate local authorities, 1989 maternity provision, 1057 `Flying Squads, 106 clinics, 106 competition, 193, 1956 poor law charging, 134 units, 77 mental health OP clinics, 92 Ministry of Health surveyors on, 199200 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 56, 578 mortality, 1618, 17t1.2 orthopaedic work co-operation need, 1767 joint working, 186 patient numbers trends, 77 outpatient policies, 756 paediatrics, 91 patients access, working-class men, 61 admission/ exclusion conditions, 63 almoners, 701, 133 and means testing, 68 bed provision by type 17971948, 38t2.1 fees, 66 income and admissions, 789 maintenance charges, 123 pay beds, 478 population, 1213 service provision by gender, 77 subscriber-recommendation system, 65 transferred patients, payment for, 1834, 186 plans abandoned WWII, 55 post-WWII pre-NHS period, 58 powerful individuals cross-sector involvement, 14850 professional protectionism, 1901 public hospitals, 178 public/ private cooperation, 167 `regional diseases expansion, 197 sanitation, 13 service integration development, 64 specialist/ general responsibilities delineation, 43

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292

The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain Sheffield City General Hospital (former Nether Edge), 40, 43, 53, 77 acute treatment expansion, 78 capital projects, 135 casualty department, 81, 93, 94, 188 extension, 183 inpatient numbers trends, 73 maternity provision, 105 Miners Welfare Block, technology use, 501 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 57 outpatient numbers trends, 75 outpatients unit, 58 surgery, 93 Sheffield Council of Social Services, 126 Sheffield Dispensary, becomes hospital, 40 Sheffield Federated Trades Council (SFTC), 16 Sheffield Hospital Council, 1467, 173 and legacies, 123 and waiting list patients, 167, 1834, 1901 fundraising events, 122 Sheffield Hospital Contributors Association, 1, 119, 148 Labour members, 152, 153 Sheffield Infirmary, gifts in kind, 125 Sheffield Joint Hospital Council, 119, 171, 1723, 175, 1767, 183, 184 and Christmas gifts, 127 composition, 173 Sheffield Labour party and voluntary sector, 1524 Sheffield Maternity and Child Welfare Service, 188 Sheffield Medical Officers of Health influence/ marginalization, 1456 on Nether Edge Maternity Hospital, 178 Sheffield Medical Staff Club and integration priorities, 172, 1756 cross-sector initiatives, 1889 Sheffield Million Pound Appeal, 172, 1745 and NHS, 177 Committee, 177 Sheffield Orthopaedic Hospital, children, patient numbers trends, 77

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student rags, 118 TB hospitals free treatment, 66 inpatient numbers trends, 74t3.5 outpatient clinics, 756 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 58 Tuberculosis Medical Officer, 178 unified services commended, 178 voluntary hospitals integration, 172 municipal co-ordination, 181, 1824 sources of patient maintenance, 69t3.1 voluntary system support, 160 women and Public Health Committee, 145 womens hospitals, 42 worker/ employer subscriptions/ donations, 116 Sheffield and Eccleshall Unions, unified 1926, 53 Sheffield and Rotherham Joint Smoke Abatement Committee, 18 Sheffield Board of Guardians/ Hospital Council co-ordination, 181 Sheffield Childrens Hospital, 42, 89 admission/ exclusion conditions, 64 domestic modernization, interwar period, 51 inpatient numbers trends, 72 legacies, 123 management board members, gender, 142 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 57 outpatient numbers trends, 75 patient numbers trends, 77 reluctance to merge, 174 technology use, interwar period, 51 Sheffield City Centre Dispensary, and TB cases, 45 Sheffield Council Infant and Child Welfare Department, 105 labour council opposed to patient fees, 667 political change, 202, 144

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Index

293

Ministry of Health WWII survey assessSheffield Penny in the Pound scheme, 16, 69, ment, 57 110, 116, 117, 146, 172 nurses, accommodation, 49 and means testing, 68 outpatient numbers trends, 745, 75t3.6 and Million Pound Appeal, 130 pay beds, 47 and patient direct payments, 123 pay wards, 125 employer contributions, 116, 119 plastic surgery department, 92 members research services, interwar period, 50 almoners and, 70, 71 subscriber-recommendation system, 65 poor law hospitals emergency admitsubscriptions/ donations, 116 tance, 173 WWII emergency changes, 56 payments to Council, 133 Sheffield Royal Infirmary (SRI), 401 Sheffield Public Health Committee, approAccident and Orthopaedic Unit, 58 priations, 178 admission/ exclusion conditions, 63 Sheffield Radium Centre, 130 almoner department, 63, 70 Sheffield Rotary Club and cost of RTA casualties, 83, 84 and Christmas gifts, 127 and Miners Welfare orthopaedics, 968 transport services, 127 and SUH plans, 176 Sheffield Royal Hospital beds, interwar period, 46 admission/ exclusion conditions, 63 casualty department, 801 almoners, 70 admissions trends, 80t3.8 and orthopaedics, 968 heavy industry casualties, 81 and SUH plans, 176 chiropody chronic cases, clinics, 100 and transferred patients, 1834 competition, 89 beds, interwar period, 46, 47 domestic modernization, interwar bomb damage, 56 period, 51 casualty department, 81 finance casualty admissions trends, 80t3.8 appeals to public, 71 facilities, interwar period, 49 expenditure/ income 191947, RTA casualties, 82, 84 111t5.12 Centenary Appeal, Labour party and, income sources 191947, 114t5.4 129, 152 investment income, 123 competition, 89 gynecology, 90 diabetic outpatient department, 90 inpatient numbers trends, 72 finance Ladies Working Association, 1267 expenditure/ income 191947, management board members 111t5.12 continuity, 141 income sources 191947, 114t5.4 gender, 142 investment income, 123 Labour members, 152 inpatient numbers trends, 72 medical staff and operational manageJunior League, 126 ment, 143 Linen and Clothing Guild, 126 mental health OP clinic, 89, 93 management board members, gender, Ministry of Health WWII survey assess142 ment, 57 medical staff and operational manageneurosurgery department, 58 ment, 143 on pool of donors, 110 mental health OP clinic, 92 outpatients Miners Welfare orthopaedic block, 48, interwar period, 49 978

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294

The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain fundraising appeals, 1301 general institutions, co-operation, 423 inpatient numbers increase, 61 Leeds, income sources 191947, 114t5.4 voluntary hospitals, inpatient numbers trends, 72, 72t3.3 specialist services, 5, 204 and modern medicine, 87107 development, 87, 8894 duplication, 1701 spinal paraplegia unit, Wharncliffe EMS Hospital, 98 St Georges hospital (former Rothwell), 54 general cases, 178 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 57 TB unit, 57, 58 WWII emergency changes, 56 St Jamess Hospital acquires Beckett St Institution, 58 acute treatment expansion, 78 and LWHF patients, 182 and orthopaedics, 99 capital projects borrowing, 134, 135 casualty unit, 82 childrens provision, 52, 77, 91 chronic cases provision, 52 consultants, 93 general hospital work, 1778 inpatient numbers trends, 73 maternity facilities, 104 maternity patients, income from, 133 mental health beds, 92 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 57 neuro-surgery department, 92 outpatient policies, 75 plastic surgery department, 92 professorial unit, 189 proposed as municipal hospital, 164 public assistance cases, 78 redevelopment, 534, 55, 166 science/ technology use, interwar period, 54 service provision by gender, 767, 77t3.7 transferred patients, 184 WWII emergency changes, 56 St Marys Infirmary Bramley, 43

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numbers trends, 74, 75t3.6 radiology, 89 SRH integration proposals, 172 subscriber-recommendation system, 65 technology use, interwar period, 51 transferred patients, 1834 WWII emergency changes, 56 Sheffield Telegraph, on voluntary system, 158, 160 Sheffield Toc H libraries, 127 Sheffield Trades and Labour Council (STLC), 16 and Penny in the Pound scheme, 1512 Sheffield United Hospitals (SRH and SRI) accident and orthopaedic unit, 98 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 57 plans, Million Pound Appeal, 172, 1745 Sheffield University medical school, 1920 and cross-sector integration, 1912 and decision making, 148 Sheffield Voluntary Hospital Council Joint Advisory Committee, 182 Million Pound Appeal, 12930 on regional hospital council, 197 silver paper collection, 125, 126, 127 slum clearance Leeds, 267, 28, 31 Sheffield, 21 smallpox Crimicar Lane hospital, 45 Killingbeck Hospital, 45 smoke abatement, Leeds, 289 social elite, and hospitals, 140, 141 social services reform, Sheffield, 22 social structure change, 2430 Leeds, 246 Sheffield, 1516 Socialist Medical Association, 2, 6, 151 South Yorkshire Mental Hospital, 92 South Yorkshire Miners Welfare Fund, 129 and Sheffield orthopaedics, 97 Special Surgical Pensions Hospital, 99 specialist hospitals beds, interwar period, 46, 47 expenditure trends 191947, 112t5.4, 113

742 SSHM19 Politics of Hospital Provision.indb 294

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Index capital projects borrowing, 134 maternity provision, 52, 58, 105, 178 income from, 1334 Ministry of Health WWII survey assessment, 57 outpatient policies, 75 reorganisation, 534 service provision by gender, 767, 77t3.7 TB provision, 200 St Marys Manchester womens hospital, 42 St Thomas London, casualty department, 80 state hospitals general hospitals, 434 interwar period, 525 specialist institutions, local, 446 state support proposals, voluntary hospitals, 161 steel industry, Sheffield, 1415 Stewart, John Stewart, Battle for Health, 67 `Finest Municipal Hospital Service, 67 `For a Healthy London..., 67 on party politics influence, 139 street collections, 117 student rags, fundraising events, 118 Sheffield, 173 Sturdy, S. and R. Cooter, `Science, Scientific Management..., 5, 36, 81, 205 `Political Economy of Scientific Medicine..., 19 subscriber-recommendation system, 65 subscriptions, 11619 Sunderland and cooperation, 170 joint committees, 146 superintendents, influence, hospital boards, 143 surgery and drugs, expenditure trends 191947, 11213, 112t5.34 domination, voluntary sector, 912 municipal hospitals, 934 Tapton Court nurses home, 49 based on gifts, 125 Taylor, Becky

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ultraviolet light applications, interwar period, 501 unemployed people contributory schemes continuation, 78 gift their labour, 125, 126, 127 Leeds, 24, 24t1.3 Sheffield, 1415

and J. Stewart and M. Powell, `...CentralLocal Relations in the 1930s, 67 technical specialists development, 889 technology use, interwar period, 501, 54 textile industry, 223 tinfoil collection, 125, 126, 127 Titmuss, R., Problems of Social Policy, 109 Toc H libraries, 127 trade union movement and hospital ownership, 151 and voluntary hospital services, 151 trades unions and contributory health scheme, 61 and hospital decision making, 147, 148 and Penny in the Pound Scheme, 119 contributory scheme support, and orthopaedics, 94 Trainor, `The Middle Class, 140 tuberculosis (TB) provision, 13, 200 children, patient numbers trends, 77 council services for, 36 Dispensary, Sheffield, 22 institutions, inpatient numbers trends, 73, 74t3.5 interwar period, 52, 54 Leeds, 29 St Georges, 57, 58 lumbar, Marguerite Hepton Orthopaedic Hospital, 99 Medical Officer, Sheffield, 178 outpatient clinics, 756 patients, treatment changes, 545 public hospitals admission, 64 pulmonary hospitals, 44, 45 strategy, 1819 sanatoria National Insurance Act of 1911, 36 patient resistance to, 64 Sheffield, 1819, 22, 178

742 SSHM19 Politics of Hospital Provision.indb 295

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296

The Politics of Hospital Provision in Early Twentieth-Century Britain asylum, 92 Clayton voluntary hospital, 93 Wales, south, workers effectively run voluntary hospitals, 152 war surgery, and orthopaedics, 94 Webster, Charles `Healthy or Hungry Thirties?, 15, 16 Health Services since the War..., 23 National Health Service..., 36 on disunity, 16970 on cross-sector involvement, 150 on hospital charges, 123 on lack of co-ordinated services, 208 Welshman, J. Municipal Medicine, 4, 8 West Hartlepool, Levene on, 7 West Riding County Council (WRCC) and Leeds orthopaedics, 99100 Leeds Joint Hospital Council and, 197, 199 mental health provision, 36 Sheffield and, 1989 West Riding textile industry, 22 Wharncliffe EMS Hospital, spinal paraplegia unit, 98 Willis, Tim `Bradford Municipal Hospital Experiment, 67 `Health Care in Sheffield, 67, 9 on party politics influence, 139 Wilson, J.B. Ferguson, and orthopaedics, 967 Wilson, Sir Charles, and Employers Contribution Fund, 181 Winter, J., `Unemployment, Nutrition and Infant Mortality..., 15 Winter Street Hospital, 45 ID hospital, 45 women access, Leeds, 61 and management, LMH, 42 and National Insurance, 76 and pay wards, 79, 125 and Public Health Committees, 1445 and voluntary sector, 141 board members, 142 health provision, 28, 32 home vs. hospital births, 1034

unified systems vs. competition, 1627 universities and hospital decision making, 147 research services, interwar period, 50 venereal disease treatment Leeds, 29, 181 St Georges hospital, 54 voluntary hospitals, 89 villages charities, subscriptions/ donations, 116 formal collections, 117 voluntary hospitals, 35 accident/ emergency cases, 62 acute conditions focus, 62 administration cost savings, 1601 arbitrary location, 36 casualty admissions rise, 7980, 80t3.8 general hospitals, 401 admission/ exclusion conditions, 634 inpatient numbers increase, 61 patient classification systems, 889 income sources, 109 interwar period, 4652 management, 1413 outpatient numbers trends, 745, 75t3.6 patient fees, 66 patient residence conditions, 645 pay beds, 478, 62 specialist services development, 413, 87, 8893 VD treatment, 89 Voluntary / municipal co-ordination, 1809 joint committees, 1467 voluntary sector defending, 15762 integration, 1712 local Labour parties and, 1517 Leeds Labour group opposition, 1547 Sheffield Labour party support, 1524 surgery domination, 912 public support, 15862 volunteer support, 1589, 160 Wadsley asylum, 92, 93 waiting list patients, Sheffield, 167, 1834, 1901 Wakefield

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742 SSHM19 Politics of Hospital Provision.indb 296

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Index linen guilds, 1267 post1870s hospitals and, 36 Samaritan Society, 126 service provision, 767, 84 surgeons, LMH, 42 TB patients, Killingbeck, 55 workers, 1516 Leeds, 23, 245 see also maternity provision womens hospitals, 423 beds, interwar period, 47 worker/ employer subscriptions/ donations, Sheffield, 116 workers contribution schemes, 678 and employers contributions, 11922 prepayment contributory schemes, 109, 11922 contributory scheme support, and orthopaedics, 94 workhouse infirmaries, 356, 434 working mens clubs, subscriptions/ donations, 116

297

working-class men, access, Sheffield, 61 workplace collections, 67 World War I inflation effects, 11213 influence on social elitism, 141 World War II and Leeds maternity facilities, 1045 and plastic surgery development, 92 and post-war period, 558 and works-based contribution schemes, 121 blackout, and RTAs increase, 84 expenditure effects, 11112 Wyther Hospital for Infants, 90 X-ray applications interwar period, 501, 54 orthopaedics, 967 Yorkshire egg week, 126 Yorkshire, mental health provision, 923

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742 SSHM19 Politics of Hospital Provision.indb 297

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