We use an adverb, not an adjective ! to say how something happened or was done!

I"ve always greatly enjoyed his novels, (not ...great enjoyed...% The &eo&le who work in that sho& always talk politely to customers, (not ...&olite...% ' to modify adjectives# including participle adjectives! It was strangely 'uiet in the room. They had a beautifully (urnished Some adverbs are formed from an adjective + -ly: happy * happily, etc. When an adjective already ends in -ly (e.g. cowardly, friendly, kindly, lively, lonely) we don't add -ly to it to make an adverb. Instead we can use a prepositional phrase with fashion, manner, or way: He smiled at me in a friendly way. She waved her hands around in a lively fashion. ost participle adjectives ending in -ed don't have an adverb form and we can use a similar prepositional phrase! They rose to greet me in a subdued manner. She walked around the room in an agitated way. (or ...in agitation.) "owever# some do have an adverb form with $ly# including the following common ones! allegedly, belatedly, contentedly, dejectedly, deservedly, excitedly, hurriedly, markedly, pointedly, repeatedly, reportedly, reputedly, supposedly, unexpectedly, wholeheartedly, wickedly:

In other cases there is a difference in the meaning of the adverb with and without $ly! She gave her time free. () (or no money% and She gave her time freely. () willingly% I arrived late (or the concert. and I haven"t seen *ohn lately. () recently% "ere are some other pairs of adverbs that can have different meanings. (ompare! +o I have to change trains in ,eeds$" "-o, you can go direct () without sto&&ing%." I"ll be with you directly () very soon%. He saw Susan directly () straight% ahead. She worked really hard and &assed her e.ams. The tele&hone line was so bad, I could hardly () only just% hear what he was saying. He kicked the ball high over the goal. /veryone thinks highly o( her teaching. () they &raise her (or it% They cut short their holiday when *ohn became ill. () went home early% The s&eaker will be arriving shortly () soon%. 0lease take your seats. The door was wide () com&letely% o&en so I just went straight in. It won"t be di((icult to get the book. It"s widely available. () in many &laces%

%emember that good is an adjective and well is an adverb! I asked Francis to clean the car, and he did a good job. ...and he did the job well. "owever# well is also an adjective meaning 'healthy'! !ou"re not looking too well. #re you okay$

Some adverbs have two forms# one ending -ly and the other not. We can sometimes use either of the two forms of the adverb without changing the meaning# although the form ending in -ly is more usual in a formal style! I"ll be there as quick(ly) as I can. Try to sing loud(ly) in the last verse. &ther words like this include cheap(ly), clean(ly), clear(ly), fine(ly), slow(ly), thin(ly)

) 0eter Thomas was recently sentenced to im&risonment (or a bank robbery. Here are e.tracts (rom news&a&er re&orts during and a(ter the trial. 1ewrite them using one o( these adverbs to re&lace the underlined &arts. 2ake any other necessary changes. allegedly " belatedly " deservedly unexpectedly " wholeheartedly " repeatedly " reputedly - undoubtedly ) *homas was said to have committed the robbery on the afternoon of the +)st ,une. + -t first# *homas s wife gave complete support to his claim that he was innocent. . - police spokesman said# 'We are sure that /eter *homas knows something about this robbery.' 0 It is generally believed that *homas hid the money somewhere close to his home. 1 "is wife reali2ed only much later that *homas had been lying to her. 3 "e denied being involved in the robbery over and over again. 4 It came as a surprise when *homas confessed to the crime over a year later. 5 -fter the trial# *homas6s wife said# 7It was right that /eter was given a severe sentence8. /.am&le3 ) *homas allegedly committed the robbery on the afternoon of the +)st ,une.

+ 1ewrite the (ollowing sentences using adverbs. ) I haven't cleaned the house recently. I haven't cleaned# the house lately. + It wasn't easy to accept her decision. . *hey won# but the result wasn't at all surprising. 0 *he leaflet is available at no charge from the town hall. 1 "e walked into the office without knocking. 3 I am happy to admit that I was wrong. 4 I became a nurse soon after I left school. 5 9ven though it was + am# I was completely awake. : "er name is known to many people. ); *he report strongly criticised the inister's conduct.

. Find the mistakes and correct them. I( there are no mistakes, &ut a . ) She speaks <rench fluent. + I think you behaved very cowardlily. . 9veryone says that he's now enormous rich. 0 We'll never catch them up if you walk as slow as that. 1 She turned to him astonishedly. 'I don't believe you#' she said. 3 Wearing a white shirt and new suit# he thought he looked really well. 4 "e plays the guitar remarkable good for his age. 5 (hop the herbs finely and sprinkle them on top of the pasta. : "e stepped back and looked satisfiedly at the newly$ painted door.

ost types of adverb can go in (ront &osition. In particular! type of function e ample adverb connecting adverbs e.g. as a result# similarly *here are three main positions for adverbs which modify a verb! 777(ront &osition ) before the subject %inally he could stand the noise no longer. ...to make immediately clear the logical relation to the previous sentence ...to show a contrast with# or e?pansion on# a previous reference to time or place ...to highlight the speaker's attitude to what they are about to say ' *he value of the yen has fallen. #s a result, ,apan faces a crisis.

time and ' *he last few &lace days have adverbs been hot. e.g. $omorrow 777mid &osition 8 between the subject and verb# tomorrow# the weather or immediately after be as a main verb in the will be much He usually &lays better than this. kitchen cooler. She"s usually here by 9:.::. comment ' She has 777end &osition ) after the verb and just heard I"ve been waiting for hours. view&oint that her adverbs sister is ill. e.g. %resumably, resumably# she will want financially to go home. *he following types of adverb usually go in mid &osition3 adverbs o( inde(inite (re'uency e.g. always, never, usually& degree adverbs e.g. completely, 'uite, and (ocus adverbs e.g. just, even: He always sings when he"s having a shower. I completely (orgot her birthday, and I !ust don"t know how to make it u& to her. ost adverbs of time or place don't go in this position! *ane had a baby in "ctober# 5not *ane in 6ctober had a baby.% "owever# a few often do# including already, finally, now, recently, soon, still: $ I finally met 1oy at the con(erence in 2adrid. and in journalism# other adverbs of time are often used in mid position! The government yesterday announced an increase in education s&ending. In mid position# we put adverbs where we would put not, or after it if not is already there! Sue"s never at home these days, 5com&are "Sue isn"t at home..."% I don"t fully understand. It has seldom been seen here be(ore, 5com&are "It hasn"t been seen..."%

In end &osition, we usually put an adverb a(ter an object or complement if there is one! He studied the &roblem briefly# 5not He studied brie(ly the &roblem.% "owever# if an object or complement is very long# then we often put an adverb between the verb and its object or complement. *his is particularly common in journalism! ;e considered briefly the long8term solution to the &roblem.

When there is more than one adverb in end position# the usual order in written 9nglish is adverb of manner (= saying how something is done># place, and then time: In the accident she was thrown violently against the door. () manner 4 &lace% "owever# if one adverb is much longer than another then it is usually placed last! They le(t at 3.00 with a great deal

) I( necessary, im&rove these sentences by &utting an adverb in a more likely &osition. I( no im&rovement is needed, &ut a . ) We together walked to the end of the + =nderline the most likely adverb garden. We walked together to the end of the in this &osition in the sentences. garden. ) We o(ten I in the &ark saw + So far in my new job I have mainly had them playing tennis. to deal with complaints. + We be(ore long I soon . I just have bought a new car. began to meet every week. 0 "e speaks fluently five languages. . %on had never I last year 1 ,enny has been appointed recently visited the *aj ahal. /rofessor of Dursing. 0 I totally I at the meeting 3 I was totally unprepared for the news. disagreed with his suggestions. 4 It was now time for me to make my 1 *he players yesterday I speech. recently met for the first time. 5 "e had been to Eondon never before. 3 We on Sundays I always : Susan became soon bored with the new play tennis with Ei2 and -dam. toys. ); ,ohn freFuently was away from home in his new job. )) *hey are at home these days hardly ever. )+ I could never understand why he got so annoyed. ). We had been already given three leaving presents. )0 Being alone brought her usually a sense of peace. )1 -lthough he's 3;# he still enjoys playing . <om&lete the sentences. 0ut the words and &hrases in brackets in the most likely football. order (or written /nglish. ) I last saw my keys on 2onday. (&n onday @ my keys> + She sailed AAAAAAAAAAAAA. (around the world @ in ten months> . "e was arrested AAAAAAAAA(at the customs desk of Bangkok international airport @ last week> 0 "e stayed AAAAAAAAAAAAAA.. (all day @ at home> 1 Cou shouldn't take AAAAAAAAAAAA..(what she says @ seriously> 3 "e walked AAAAAAAAAAAAA. (dangerously @ along the top of the wall> 4 *he recipe uses AAAAAAAAAAAAA (only @ the finest Indian ingredients> 5 She sat AAAAAAAAAAAA(for a few minutes @ silently> : We're going AAAAAAAAAAAAA (to -thens @ ne?t summer> ); "e waitedAAAAAAAAAAAAAA. (patiently @ outside the door> )) *hey cheered AAAAAAAAAAA.. (throughout the match @ e?citedly>