Map 69 Damascus-Caesarea

Compiled by J.P. Brown and E.M. Meyers (Israel), 1994 Introduction

Jordan, Lebanon, Syria This is an area of much diversity. Coastal Sidon was well known to Homer; inland Gabitha, by contrast, first appears as the site of a great Moslem victory in A.D. 636. The snows of Hermon Mons overlook the parched deserts of Syria. The rift valley of Lebanon between its twin mountain ranges sinks to the R. Jordan far below sea level. The limestone of Libanus Mons has fossil fish which Eusebius took to be records of Noahs flood; the great basalt tract of Trachon(itis) (modern Lejja) and its neighbors was deposited by lava flows from extinct volcanoes of Auranitis (modern Jebel Druze). The map marks some changes from current topography. Tyrus was an island until Alexanders time; he joined it to the mainland by a mole, later silted up to form the modern peninsula. The southern valley (Koile Syria) of Lebanon was a swamp of uncertain extent (Kalamon Limne), where Theophrastus found aromatic rush and papyrus; its malarial waters were not drained until the fourteenth century A.D. The northwest of the map shows pockets of the Lebanese forest as delimited by Hadrian; see the text for Map 68. Knowledge of Syria came gradually to the Greek and Roman world. Herodotus records admirals of the Phoenician cities. Theophrastus had perhaps visited Damascus. Alexander made the coast well known. The campaign of Antiochus III in 219 B.C., as narrated by Polybius, brings detailed information about the Valley of Lebanon and Peraea; that of Judas in 163 B.C. (1 Maccabees 5.24-44) attests numerous sites of Gala(a)ditis. Strabo (16.2.16), however, is grossly in error about the orientation of Libanus and Antilibanus. The episcopal lists of church councils in the fourth and fifth centuries A.D. attest to many sees in the Roman provinces of the region, partially identified by inscriptions of bishops on-site. The ancient attestation for most sites appears in either Honigmann I-II or Thomsen 1907, supplemented by ABD and Abel (1933) for biblical sites. Dussaud (1927) remains the primary study of identifications. Thomsens catalog of milestones (1917) is seriously outdated, but has found no successor. Though its coordinates are not always reliable, Kennedy (1990) is a precious atlas of aerial photographs of desert sites. Devreese (1945) is a nearexhaustive survey of church sites. Sites of the Hebrew Bible are marked when there is literary or archaeological evidence for their continued occupation in the Greek or Roman periods. Such are Canatha, Hammon and Yiron in southern Lebanon; Iabeis and Karnaia in Transjordan. The indestructible basalt of the lava lands was used to build forts, temples and churches, as well as providing material for inscriptions. By contrast, the even more fertile territory of Damascus is almost a blank for us. Trachon(itis) and Auranitis were more densely populated than today; they became one of the strongest centers of Christianity before the coming of Islam, though there is little record of their evangelization. Inscriptions attest to aqueducts in Auranitis, but we cannot yet trace their courses even approximately. The map shows several categories of sites known by modern names only. Besides the great Roman temples of Heliopolis, many handsome smaller ones (described by Krencker 1938) stood in Lebanon and Hermon, some on sites today wholly deserted. In a few cases the divinity honored is known; Balmarcodes, Lord of the Dance, in the mountain sanctuary above Berytus is elsewhere unattested. In the lava lands, Sartre (1985, 191) marks 179 cities and villages with Greek or Latin inscriptions; for most no ancient name is known, and only a selection appears here. The sites with the most substantial Christian remains also appear. Lines of Roman forts mark the frontier of the desert; some, but by no means all, can be identified with names preserved in NotDig. No ancient name can at present be attached to the enigmatic Jordanian city Umm el-Jimal, with a Roman fortress and fifteen churches.

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA

1057

The only modern corpora of inscriptions for the region cover Gerasa (Kraeling 1938) and Bostra (IGLSyr 13.1)in neither case with surrounding villagesBa'albek (Heliopolis) and the Beqa' (Massyas) (IGLSyr 6). The most useful volume (supplemented by IGRR) remains Waddingtons collection of Syrian inscriptions published in 1870. For almost this entire part of the map, the materials are scattered and outdated; any future collection should throw much new light. As a result of his extensive aerial survey of the Syrian desert in the 1920s, Poidebard (1934) proposed numerous ruined forts as Roman installations. Some are securely authenticated by soldiers graffiti in Greek or Latin, like the remote site of Nemara. Others cannot be confirmed as Roman: such are Saba Biyar, Jebel Seis in its volcanic crater, and Qasr Burqu. The marking of Roman roads is conservative. Some are unquestionably located by TabPeut, Roman itineraries, paving, or (best of all) milestones. A full publication of the latter will remove many uncertainties. The roads south and southeast of Damascus are unclear, since Aenos on the route marked by TabPeut connecting Damascus-AenosCanatha remains unidentified (though the place is also attested as an episcopal see). Bauzou (1985) reliably reports links joining well-attested segments which would otherwise be isolated, and his results are here noted. Some isolated milestones simply call for arrows pointing to uncertain destinations. The map does not mark at all the vast network of roads which Poidebard conjectured east and northeast of Jebel Seis, by drawing lines between forts (themselves not certainly Roman) and desert wells. In all probability there are more Roman roads in this area than the map indicates; but they remain to be plotted by future surveys on the ground. Israel Citations for the Directory have been greatly simplified by the availability of TIR Iudaea. Its gazetteer reflects the enormous amount of archaeological activity in this region, recording 1,250 sites, of which 524 are known from literary sources. Approximately one quarter of the total for the north of Palestine are marked here, in every case the most important sites. The principal criteria for inclusion were literary attestation and excavation record. Sites documented in either of these ways were preferred to those known only through survey or modern name traditions. In only two cases are sites marked that were omitted from TIR Iudaea and included in the older but still useful study by Kochavi (1972). TIR Iudaea cites virtually every primary source and secondary article for each name or feature. Not only references in Greek, Latin and Syriac are covered, but also Jewish sources in Hebrew and Aramaic. Unfortunately, however, forms of ancient names are not given in the original languages attesting them. The key to understanding the Roman road system in Palestine is to recognize the unique topography of the land. Eventually there were over 1,000 miles of public roads here, normally designated as such by their milestones. Many if not most of the routes used in Palestine during the Roman period had also been used earlier in biblical times. The four north-south routes followed the Mediterranean coast on the west, and the Jordan Valley in the east. The east-west transversal roads followed routes that were imposed by the terrain: along the valley in Lower Galilee, along the riverbeds in Samaria, along the ridges in Iudaea (Map 70), and along the northern plains of the Negev (Map 70). Upper Galilee was enclosed by the Tyrus-Paneas transversal road.Caesarea on the coast was the main urban center in this system. Its linkage to the corresponding center in the east, Scythopolis, was through Legio, where the Legion VI Ferrata was stationed from around A.D. 120. The entire network of Roman roads was designed to link the whole Roman east from Syria to Egypt, as well as to serve local needs. The network was first established in conjunction with the Great Revolt (A.D. 66-70), developed by Hadrian, and reached its zenith during the Severan period early in the third century. The internal network of Syria-Palaestina intersected in Jerusalem, where the Legion X Fretensis was established after A.D. 70 (TIR Iudaea 21-22; Roll 1996).

1058

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA

Directory
Abbreviations
BMCoins DCPP Honigmann I-II ItEg Le Bas NEAEHL P.Cair.Zen. TIR Iudaea W. Wroth (ed.), Catalogue of the Greek coins of Galatia, Cappadocia, and Syria in the British Museum, London, 1899 E. Lipiski (ed.), Dictionnaire de la civilization phnicienne et punique, Turnhout, 1992 E. Honigmann, Historische Topographie von Nordsyrien im Altertum, I: ZDPV 46 (1923) 149-93; II: ZDPV 47 (1924) 1-64 Itinerarium Egeriae, P. Marval (ed.), grie, Journal de voyage, Sources chrtiennes 296, Paris, 1982 P. Le Bas (ed.), Inscriptions grecques et latines recueillies en Asie Mineure: vol. 3, Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie, Paris, 1870. E. Stern (ed.), New encyclopedia of archaeological excavations in the Holy Land, 4 vols., Jerusalem, 1993 C.C. Edgar (ed.), Zenon Papyri, Catalogue gnral des antiquits gyptiennes du Muse du Caire, 5 vols., Cairo, 1925-1940 Tabula Imperii Romani, IudaeaPalaestina, Jerusalem, 1994

Names
Grid C4 D2 C2 E2 C3 E2 D2 B3 C1 D4 C5 D3 D4 C4 C3 D4 B4 B4 D3 B3 B3 B2 C5 D2 Name Abila Dekapoleos/ Seleukeia Abila Lysaniou Abilene Ad(a)mana Ad Ammontem? Adarin Atera Adeitha = Hatita Ad Medera Ad Nonum/ Ornithon Polis? Adonis fl. Adra(h)a Aenon Aere Erre? Agraina Ahmadiya Ain Hersha *Airita Akchabare Ake/ Ptolemais Akraba Album Pr. Alexandroschene Alsos Asklepiou Amathous? Ammathous = Hammath *Anabatha = Oneuatha Antilibanus M. Antiochia ad Chrysorhoam = Gerasa Aouidenoi Period HRL/ HR RL R RL L L R L L/ HRL RL RL RL RL R?L R RL RL HRL RL R L HR HRL CHRL Modern Name / Location Tell Abil JOR Suq Le Basi Barada SYR SYR Qastal? SYR near Qafr Hawar SYR Qtaife? SYR Quseyr? SYR Adlun LEB LEB Dar'a SYR settlement and spring, Khirbet Khisas ed Deir ISR Sanamein SYR Lubbein SYR WBK LEB Ahire SYR 'Akbara ISR Tell Acco ISR Aqraba SYR Ras el-Abyad LEB skanderun LEB Bustan esh-Sheikh LEB Amta JOR Jebel esh-Sherqi LEB / SYR SYR Reference Schrer 1973 II, 136-37; NEAEHL 1, 1-7 RE Abila 5 Schrer 1973 I, 567 ItMiller 816; Dussaud 1927, 264 ItMiller 826; Dussaud 1927, 393 ItMiller 817; Dussaud 1927, 264 Ptol. 5.14.19; Dussaud 1927, 268 ItMiller 817; Dussaud 1927, 264 Dussaud 1927, 41-42; Goodchild 1949, 103 See Map 68 Dussaud 1927, 325-27 TIR Iudaea 58 RE; Devreese 1945, 225 Dussaud 1927, 374 TIR Iudaea 59 Krencker 1938, 245 IGRR 3.1179; Dussaud 1927, 372 TIR Iudaea 56 NEAEHL 1, 16-31; TIR Iudaea 204-205 IGRR 3.1112; Dussaud 1927, 327 Pliny, NH 5.75 Honigmann I.26a Strabo 16.2.22; Macridi 1902 Abel 1933 II, 242-43 'Ammata See Map 68

E4

Sartre 1982, 124

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA Grid C4 E4 C1 D1 A5 C2 E5 C4 C4 C3 E4 D4 B5 D3 B4 C5 C2 E4 D4 E4 C2 B4 C2 B3 C3 D2 B5 D3 B4 D2 E5 B4 C2 B4 C4 B4 C5 C4 A5 A5 E3 E4 C2 Name Apheka Aphetatha? Aphrodite Aphakitis, T. Apollo, T. Apollonia/ Sozousa Aqaba Arabia Arbela Arbela *Aremtha Arra Arrana? Asclepeus fl. = Bostrenos fl. Aser Asicha Asochis Asophon Astaroth? = Karnaia Atargatis, T. *Athela Aurana Auranitis Aurelia Pia = Sidon Baithmare Baka Balmarcodes, T. Bar'am Bardines fl. = Chrysoroas fl. Barkousa/ Iustinianoupolis? Basanitis = Batanaia Basilikos Aulon Batanaia Batanaia/ Basanitis Belus fl. Berenice = Pella Berothe Berot(h)ai Berroka Bersabe Beersheba Berytus/ Laodikeia en te Phoinike/ Col. Iulia Augusta Felix Beth Alpha Beth Maon Beth She'arim Bethezoba Bethsaida?/ Iulias? Bethther/ Betthar Bir el 'Abd Bir Qesab Borechath Sabaon Borrama Period R?L RL R RL/ L R L HR R RL RL HRL RL HRL H R RL H RL R RL R RL R/ L HR RL HR/ L HR? RL RL HRL/ H/ R L RL RL R RL RL RL R? RL R Modern Name / Location Afiq SYR el-Afine SYR LEB el-Hadet LEB Apollonia-Arsuf ISR LEB Irbid JOR Horvat Arbel / Khirbet 'Irbid ISR Aramta LEB er-Raha SYR Harran SYR Tayasir (Samaria) ISR Umm el-'Osij SYR Tell Hannaton ISR Tell el-Qos? JOR Qal'at Faqra LEB 'Atil SYR Hauran SYR Jebel Druze SYR Bab Mar'a LEB Peqi'in / el Buqei'a ISR Deir el-Qal'a LEB ISR Burqush SYR Reference TIR Iudaea 64 Dussaud 1927, 349 See Map 68 IGLSyr 6.2921; Krencker 1938, 141 NEAEHL 1, 71-75; TIR Iudaea 65 Krencker 1938, 265 See Map 3 Thomsen 1907, 24 (n. 1) NEAEHL 1, 87-89; TIR Iudaea 66-67

1059

OGIS 589; Dussaud 1927, 52 Le Bas 3.2308; Dunand 1934, 25-26 (n. 25) Dunand 1934, 78-80 (n. 163) TIR Iudaea 70 IGRR 3.1112; Dussaud 1927, 342 TIR Iudaea 70 ABD Zaphon Krencker 1938, 40 IGRR 3.1278; Dussaud 1927, 349 P.Cair.Zen. 59008 Bowersock 1983, 59 (n. 2) IGLSyr 6.2989 TIR Iudaea 73 Krencker 1938, 1 NEAEHL 1, 147-49; TIR Iudaea 73 Krencker 1938, 231; Devreese 1945, 203 Strabo 16.2.20; Dussaud 1927, 288 TIR Iudaea 88 Epiphanius, Panarion 30.18.1; NPauly TIR Iudaea 78 RE; Dussaud 1927, 233-34 Dussaud 1903.50; Sartre 1987, 248 NEAEHL 2, 454; TIR Iudaea 75-76 RE Berytos; RE Laodikeia 3; Lauffray 1978; NPauly Berytos NEAEHL 1, 190-92; TIR Iudaea 79-80 TIR Iudaea 84 NEAEHL 1, 236-48; TIR Iudaea 86 Abel 1933 II, 271 TIR Iudaea 85 TIR Iudaea 87 TIR Iudaea 89 Poidebard 1934, LXIV Dussaud 1927, 372-73 Honigmann I.116a; Dussand 1927, 88-89

'Anin ISR Hauran JOR / SYR Nahar Na'aman ISR Bereitan LEB Buraq; Jebel Druze SYR Khirbet Anu esh Shiba ISR Beirut LEB ISR Tell Ma'un ISR esh Sheikh Ibreik ISR Zubiya? JOR et Tell / el 'Araj ISR et Tire ISR ISR SYR Breike SYR Brummana LEB

1060 Grid E4 D4 D4 B2 A4 C2 D3 A5 Name Bosana Bosora? Bostra/ Col. Nova Traiana Alexandriana Bostrenos/ Asclepeus fl. Boukolonpolis Brochoi Buraq Burgatha? Caesarea = Stratonos Pyrgos Caesarea Philippi = Paneas Canatha/ *Gabinia/ *Septimia Caporcotani = Legio Carmel M. Casama Chalcis sub Libano *Chalybon Chamon Chasp(h)o Choba = Kochaba Chorazin Chorseos fl. Chorsia *Gergesa Chrysoroas fl. Chrysoroas/ Bardines fl. Coele Syria Col. Aurelia Pia = Sidon Col. Iulia Augusta Felix = Heliopolis Col. Iulia Augusta Felix = Berytus Col. Nova Traiana Alexandriana = Bostra Col. Septimia Severa = Tyrus Corra fl. Crocodilon fl. Dabbura Damascus Damaskene Damatha Damouras/ Tamyras fl. Dan Daphne Deir el-Kahf Deir el-Meyas Deir esh-Shair Deir Jenube Deir Serur

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA Period RL H HRL/ R RL/ L CH H RL HRL Modern Name / Location Busan SYR Busr al-Hariri SYR Busra esh-Sham SYR Nahr Bisri LEB 'Atlit ISR Qabb Elias? LEB Lejja SYR Khirbet Ibreiktas ISR Reference RE Dussaud 1927, 373; Devreese 1945, 238 PECS; NPauly Honigmann I.77a, 116d; Dussaud 1927, 49 TIR Iudaea 92 Polyb. 5.46.3; IGLSyr 6, 30 Le Bas 3.2537b TIR Iudaea 93

E4

HRL/ H/ R L HR HR R HRL RL? RL RL HRL/ L? CHRL

el-Qanawat SYR

Schrer 1973 II, 138-42; Sartre 1981; MacAdam 1986, 75-79 TIR Iudaea 100-101 ItMiller 816; Dussaud 1927, 264 Will 1983; Ghadban 1985, 301 Dussaud 1927, 285-87 IGRR 3.1074; Krencker 1938, 168 TIR Iudaea 103 NEAEHL 1, 301-305; TIR Iudaea 103 TIR Iudaea 104 TIR Iudaea 104 Schrer 1973 II, 151 StByz ; RE 8 RE Koile Syria; Sartre 1988

B4 E1 D2 D2 D2 C4 C4 A4 C4 C5 D2 E2

Mt. Carmel ISR Nabk SYR Husn esh-Shadur? LEB Halbun SYR Nebi Ham LEB Khisfin SYR Khirbet Kerraze ISR Nahar Daliya / Nahr ed Difle ISR Kursi ISR near Gerasa, Le Basi Jerash JOR Nahr Barada SYR SYR

B5 B4 C3 D2 D4 B2 C3 C3 E5 E5 E4 E3 B5

L R L CHRL R R H/ HR ACHRL R RL R R R? HRL

WBK Nahal Tanninim ISR SYR Dimashq / Damascus Ghuta SYR Damath el-Alya SYR Nahr ed-Damur LEB Tel Dan / Tell el Qadi ISR Dafne ISR JOR SYR SYR SYR ISR

ItEg 16.3 TIR Iudaea 106 TIR Iudaea 107 NPauly Damaskos RE Dussaud 1927, 373-74 Polyb. 5.68.9 Strabo 16.2.22 TIR Iudaea 108 TIR Iudaea 108 Parker 1986, 21-24; Kennedy 1990, 178 Dussaud 1927, 352 Dussaud 1927, 352 Poidebard 1934, LXIV TIR Iudaea 111

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA Grid C4 D4 E4 E4 A4 D4 A5 C4 E4 E4 B3 B2 B3 C4 Name Dekapolis Dennaba Diocaesarea = Sepphoris Dionysias/ *Soada Diyatheh Dor(a) Doroa Drymus Ebionitai Egla Eitha Caesarea Ekdippa Elaia? Elqosh Emmatha Admatha? Amatha? Ephron = Gephrous 'Evron Furzol Gaba? Gaba Philippi Gabatha *Gabinia = Canatha Gabitha Gadara/ Pompeia Gala(a)ditis Galatis Galilaea Ano Galilaia Kato Galilaia Gamala Garizein M. Gerizim Gasima Gaulane Gaulanitis Geato fl. Gedru Gelil Gema = Ginai(a) Gennesar Gennesar L. = Tiberiadis Mare Gephrous/ Ephron Gerasa/ Antiochia ad Chrysorhoam Geroda/ Korada? Gerra Geth el-Ghassule Period H?RL L RL RL ACHRL RL HR L RL R CH?RL RL RL RL L L L RL RL RL RL L HRL/ H HRL H HRL R CHRL RL HRL HRL RL H?R HRL HRL H HRL L H RL R Modern Name / Location Dhuneibe SYR Suweda SYR SYR Burj et Tantura ISR ed-Dur SYR Sharon ISR SYR Qiryat el-'Ajelat SYR el-Hit SYR Achziv / ez Zib ISR Zeita LEB ISR el-Hammeh JOR Reference ABD Decapolis; NPauly Le Bas 3.2505; Dussaud 1927, 332 IGRR 3.1278; Dussaud 1927, 369; Devreese 1945, 236 Kennedy 1990, 195-96 TIR Iudaea 113 Dussaud 1927, 353; Devreese 1945, 229 TIR Iudaea 114 Epiphanius, Panarion 29.7.7; NPauly Ebioner Dussaud 1927, 353 MacAdam 1986, 61-67 TIR Iudaea 115 Dussaud 1927, 40 TIR Iudaea 119 NEAEHL Hammat Gader NotDig Or. 34.33 StByz NEAEHL 1, 310; TIR Iudaea 124 IGLSyr 6.2950 TIR Iudaea 126 TIR Iudaea 126 TIR Iudaea 127 Dussaud 1927, 332 Djabiya; RE Schrer 1973 II, 132-36; ABD Gadarenes 1 Maccabees 5.27 Polyb. 5.71.2 NEAEHL 2, 449-58 Jos., BJ 3.35-40 NEAEHL 2, 459-63; TIR Iudaea 128 NEAEHL 2, 484-92; TIR Iudaea 133-34 IGRR 3.1252; Dussaud 1927, 333 Dussaud 1927, 343 ABD TIR Iudaea 75-76 TIR Iudaea 131 TIR Iudaea 132 TIR Iudaea 132 Polyb. 5.70.12; 1 Maccabees 5.46; Abel 1933 II, 318-19 Kraeling 1938 Dussaud 1927, 265; Devreese 1945, 203 Polyb. 5.46.2 TIR Iudaea 135 Thomsen 1917, 30 (no. 58)

1061

B4 C2 B4 B4 B4 D4 C4 C4 C4 B4 C4 B5 D4 C4 C3 B3 B4 B3 C4 C4 C5 E2 C2 B5 D3

ISR LEB Jaba' ISR Tel Shosh / Tell Abu Shusha ISR Gevat / Jebata ISR Gabiya SYR Umm Qeis JOR JOR / SYR JOR Galilee ISR es Salam SYR mountain (Jebel et Tur) with temple and church WBK Jasim SYR Saham el-Jaulan SYR SYR ISR Horvat Gedora / Jidru ISR Khirbet Jelil ISR Khirbet 'Ureime ISR et-Taiyibe? JOR Jerash JOR Djeroud SYR Mejdel 'Anjar LEB Jett ISR SYR

1062 Grid B5 B3 A5 B4 D3 C2 C4 B3 E3 D5 E4 B2 B4 D1 C4 C3 C3 C4 E3 C4 B3 B4 B5 B4 B5 B4 C2 C5 C5 E2 B4 C1 B3 C4 B4 C2 C2 Name Ginai(a)/ Gema Ginnabris = Sennabris Gischala Giv'at Olga Giv'at Qumi H., see Horvat *Habiba Hammara Hammath/ Ammathous Hammon Harran el-Awamid Hatita/ Adeitha Hebran Heldua Helenoupolis? Heliopolis/ Col. Iulia Augusta Felix Heptapegon Hermon M. Hibbariye Hieromyces fl. el-Hijan Hippos Sousitha Horvat 'Erav Horvat Gid'ona Horvat Ner Horvat Paqu'it Horvat Tannin Husifa Husn Niha Iabakchos fl. Iabeis Iabrouda Iezreel/ Isdradela Imperatoris Hadriani Augusti Definitio Silvarum Ioqereth Iordanes fl. Iotapata Isdradela = Iezreel Itouraia Itouraioi Iulia Augusta Felix = Berytus Iulia Augusta Felix = Heliopolis Iulias? = Bethsaida? Iustinianoupolis? = Barkousa Iyyon Jebel Seis R R H?RL L L RL L L L R L RL HR?L

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA Period RL RL RL RL RL RL RL H R RL R L L HRL/ R R?L Modern Name / Location Jenin ISR Jish ISR ISR ISR Khabeb SYR LEB el Hzammam ISR Umm el-'Amed LEB SYR Khirbet es-Samra JOR SYR Khan el-Khulde LEB Kafr Kama ISR Ba'albek LEB 'En Shev'a / et Tabgha ISR Jebel esh-Sheikh LEB / SYR LEB Nahr Yarmuk JOR / SYR SYR Horvat Susita / Qal'at el Husn ISR ISR ISR ISR ISR ISR 'Isfiya ISR LEB Wadi Zerqa JOR near Wadi Yabis JOR Yabrud SYR Tel Yizre'el / Zir'in ISR LEB R?L RL R HRL Iqrit ISR Khirbet Shifat ISR LEB / SYR LEB / SYR Reference TIR Iudaea 135-36 NEAEHL 2, 546-50; TIR Iudaea 136 TIR Iudaea 136 TIR Iudaea 136-37 IGRR 3.1132; Dussaud 1927, 381 Krencker 1938, 195; Ghadban 1985 TIR Iudaea 138-39 Dunand 1962; DCPP 484-86 Rey-Coquais 1987, 208 Parker 1986, 30; Humbert 1990; Kennedy 1990, 198 Dussaud 1927, 355 Goodchild 1949, 102; DCPP 247 TIR Iudaea 142 IGLSyr 6, 32-44 TIR Iudaea 142 TIR Iudaea 142-43 Krencker 1938, 213 Spijkerman 1978, 58; RE Suppl. 3 Hieromykes Dussaud 1927, 304 TIR Iudaea 147 TIR Iudaea 123 TIR Iudaea 135 TIR Iudaea 196 TIR Iudaea 200 TIR Iudaea 239 TIR Iudaea 148 Krencker 1938, 122 Jos., AJ 1.331 Abel 1933 II, 352 Jabs Galaad IGLSyr 5.2707; Dussaud 1927, 284 TIR Iudaea 152 See Map 68 TIR Iudaea 153 See Map 70 TIR Iudaea 154 Schrer 1973 I, 565-67; RE Ituraea Schrer 1973 I, 561-73

C3 F3

HRL R?

Tell ed-Dibbin LEB SYR

ABD Ijon Dussaud 1927, 374; Poidebard 1934, LVII

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA Grid B4 D4 C3 C3 C2 C4 B3 B4 B4 A5 C4 A5 B4 D4 B4 C4 B4 C4 C3 A4 E2 F1 E2 E2 B5 C4 C5 C2 E3 B5 B5 B4 B3 C5 B4 A5 B4 B5 D2 C1 B3 C4 C2 C4 B5 A4 Name Jellemeh Jize Kadasa Kafr Nafakh Kalamon Limne Kamous Kana Kana? Kaparasima Kapharnaoum = Kefar Nahum Kapharsaba Caphar Saba Kapitolias Kapparetaia Karmiel Karnaia/ Astaroth? Kefar Amiqo Kefar 'Aqabia Kefar Hanania Kefar Nahum/ Kapharnaoum Kefar Nevoraia Kefar Shuni Kh., see Khirbet Khan Aiyash Khan el-Abyad Khan el-Jennajil Khan esh-Shamat Khirbet Basaliyye Khirbet ed Dikke Khirbet el Ghirur Khirbet el-Knese Khirbet el-Umbashi Khirbet et Tira Khirbet Jabaris Khirbet Jedora Khirbet Karkara Khirbet Khiraf Khirbet Summaqa Khirbet Umm 'Ulleiqa Khirbet Waziya Khirbet Yarza Kiboreia Klimax M. Klimax Tyrion Kochaba/ Choba Koile Syria/ Massyas Marsyas Kokhav ha-Yarden Korada? = Geroda Korea(i) Coabis? Krokodeilonpolis Period H?R L HRL L H H RL RL R?L RL RL HRL HRL/ RL R?L R?L R?L RL RL RL RL R R? RL L RL R R R? HR L L L R RL L L L R R RL Modern Name / Location ISR SYR Tel Qedesh ISR SYR Merj el-Kebir LEB Qamm SYR Qana LEB Kafr Kanna ISR Kafr Sumei'? ISR Khirbet Sabiye ISR Beyt er-Ras JOR ISR Horvat Bata ISR Tell Ashtara SYR 'Amqa ISR Kafr 'Aqab ISR Kafr 'Inan ISR Tell Hum ISR Khirbet en Nabratein ISR Shuni ISR SYR SYR SYR SYR WBK SYR WBK LEB SYR WBK WBK ISR ISR WBK ISR ISR ISR WBK Deir el-Ashayr LEB near Junie LEB Ras en-Naqura LEB Kawkab SYR LEB / SYR L RL RL HL CHR ISR Tell Zamadi / el Qarawa WBK Tel Tanninim / Tell el Malat ISR Reference TIR Iudaea 157 Devreese 1945, 229 TIR Iudaea 93-94 TIR Iudaea 160 Theophrastus, Historia Plantarum 4.8.4; Polyb. 5.45.10; Dussaud 1927, 401; RE Kalamos 4.3 Abel 1933 II, 412 Qamon Dussaud 1927, 10-11 TIR Iudaea 96-97, 159 TIR Iudaea 97 TIR Iudaea 99 ABD Beit Ras See Map 70 TIR Iudaea 74 Dussaud 1927, 328-30 TIR Iudaea 162 TIR Iudaea 162 TIR Iudaea 163 TIR Iudaea 97 TIR Iudaea 164 TIR Iudaea 165 Dunand 1931, 237 IGLSyr 5.2704 Poidebard 1934, XIX Dunand 1931, 237 TIR Iudaea 74 TIR Iudaea 112 TIR Iudaea 135 Krencker 1938, 174 Bauzou 1985, 144 TIR Iudaea 251 (map ref. 174174) TIR Iudaea 156 TIR Iudaea 157 TIR Iudaea 161 Hirschfeld 1991 TIR Iudaea 236 TIR Iudaea 255 TIR Iudaea 258 TIR Iudaea 259 Krencker 1938, 256 Dussaud 1927, 62-63 Jos., BJ 2.188 Thomsen 1907, 82, 116 See Map 68 TIR Iudaea 168-69 TIR Iudaea 105-106 TIR Iudaea 106

1063

1064 Grid Name Laodikeia en te Phoinike = Berytus Lavi Lebaba Legio/ Caporcotani/ Maximianopolis Libanus M. Litas fl. Lykos fl. Mafsheta Magdala/ Taricheai Magloula Magoras fl. Maked Makra Kome = Sarepta Mardocha Maximianopolis = Legio Maximianopolis = Sakkaia Mega Pedion el Mekhobi Merfiye es-Smeir Merjiyat Meron Meroth Meser Mezze Mikhmoret Motha(na)/ Motho? Na'aran Nabataea Nahf Nakle Namara Namara Narbata Natania Nazareth Nea Come? Neapolis Nebi Safa Neela? = Nelkomia Nejha Nelkomia/ Neela? Nemara Neue Nihata Norerathe Nova Traiana Alexandriana = Bostra Nurith Nysa = Scythopolis Omra Oneuatha/ *Anabatha

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B4 D3 B4 C2 B3 C2 B3 C4 E2 C2 D4 E4 B4 B5 G3 B2 B4 C3 B5 D2 A5 E5 C3 E5 B4 D1 D3 E4 B5 A5 B4 B3 B5 C2 D3 E4 F4 D4 C2 D4 B4 E4 F1

RL L RL/ RL/ L HRL RL HRL L R H RL HRL R? R? R RL RL L R?L CHL RL/ H RL L RL RL RL HRL RL HRL RL AHRL R R RL/ L R RL R L RL RL RL/ R?L

Lavi / Lubiya ISR Dayr Ali SYR Lejjun ISR Jebel Lubnan LEB Nahr Litani LEB Nahr el-Kelb LEB Fassuta ISR Mejdel ISR Ma'lula SYR Nahr Bayrut LEB Tell Miqdad? SYR Murduk SYR Jezreel valley ISR ISR SYR LEB Meiron ISR Khirbet Marrus ISR ISR Mezze SYR ISR Imtan SYR ISR ISR Nakhle LEB Nimra (Hauran) SYR Nimra (S Lejja) SYR Khirbet el Hammam ISR ISR Nazareth ISR Nahariya ISR Shechem / Nablus WBK LEB SYR el-Mushennef SYR SYR Nawa SYR Niha LEB Najran SYR ISR Amra? SYR Khan Aneybeh SYR

TIR Iudaea 170 Dussaud 1927, 320 TIR Iudaea 170 RE 2 Strabo 16.2.24; RE RE 13 TIR Iudaea 173 TIR Iudaea 173 Dussaud 1927, 281 Pliny, NH 5.78 1 Maccabees 5.26; Abel 1933 II, 378 Maqqda IGRR 3.2393; Dussaud 1927, 358 TIR Iudaea 182 TIR Iudaea 183 Poidebard 1934, XCIV Tallon 1967, 236-38 TIR Iudaea 184 TIR Iudaea 184 TIR Iudaea 184 Millar 1993, 539 TIR Iudaea 187 StByz ; RE; Devreese 1945, 209 TIR Iudaea 197 See Map 3 TIR Iudaea 192 Krencker 1938, 172 IGRR 3.1252; Dussaud 1927, 341 IGRR 3.1253 TIR Iudaea 193 TIR Iudaea 193 TIR Iudaea 194 TIR Iudaea 194 TIR Iudaea 194-95 Krencker 1938, 205 Thomsen 1917, 30 Le Bas 3.2217; Devreese 1945, 232 MacAdam 1980, 9-13 Dussaud 1927, 341 Rey-Coquais 1987, 198-207 Le Bas 3.2431; Devreese 1945, 239 TIR Iudaea 197 Dunand 1934, 108-109 (no. 222); Devreese 1945, 226 Dunand 1931, 427; Kennedy 1990, 205

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA Grid E4 E4 C3 B4 C2 B3 C3 B5 C5 C5 D3 D3 C3 E4 C4 B3 A4 C2 B2 B3 E4 C2 B5 G4 F3 D5 C2 D2 C4 B5 C3 C2 C5 B4 A4 B4 C3 D4 Name *Orela? Ornithon Polis? = Ad Nonum Orsoua Oulatha Pacida fl. Palaibyblos Palaityros Paneas/ Caesarea Philippi Paqu'a Pella/ Berenice/ Philippeia Peraea Phaine Pharphar fl. Phiale Limne Philippeia = Pella Philippopolis Philoteria Phoenice Phoenicium Mare Platanos?/ Platane? Pompeia = Gadara Porphyreon Polis Ptolemais = Ake Qabr Hiram Qafr Qafr Zebad el Qal'a Qasr Burqu' Qasr el-Abyad Qasr el-Ba'iq Qasr Neba Qasr Nemrud Qazrin Qedumim Quneitra Rachle/ Zenopolis? Ragaba Erga? Rama Ramat ha-Nadiv Ramat Yishay er Ramthaniyye Raphon/ Raphana Arpha? Rhaepta? Reimea Reina Roob Saba Biyar Period RL RL HR R CHR RL H?R HRL/ H/ HR RL RL RL HRL ACHRL H/ R HRL L L R L R?L R? R R R RL CL RL R/ L H L RL RL L L H/ R R R RL H?R RL R? Modern Name / Location Junnein SYR Resas? SYR Hule plain ISR Qishon ISR S Adonis fl. LEB Ras el-'Ain LEB Banias SYR ISR Tabaqat Fahl JOR Reference Dunand 1934, 75-76 (no. 160) Le Bas 3.2308; Dussaud 1927, 365 TIR Iudaea 253 TIR Iudaea 198-99 Dussaud 1927, 62-63 Scylax 104; Dussaud 1927, 19-20 TIR Iudaea 199 TIR Iudaea 200 NEAEHL 3, 1174-80; RE 4 StByz See Map 71 Dussaud 1927, 376-77 Honigmann II.365a; Dussaud 1927, 313 TIR Iudaea 203 PECS TIR Iudaea 203 RE Phoiniker; DCPP Phnicie See Map 68 Polyb. 5.68.6; Jos., BJ 1.539; Dussaud 1927, 46-47 RE Devreese 1945, 195 Devreese 1945, 231 Krencker 1938, 165 TIR Iudaea 206 Parker 1986, 21; Kennedy 1990, 218 MacAdam 1980, 14 Parker 1986, 24-25 Krencker 1938, 148 Krencker 1938, 178 TIR Iudaea 208 TIR Iudaea 208 TIR Iudaea 208 Honigmann II.387b; Krencker 1938, 222 Abel 1933 II, 427 Euseb., Onom. 16.21; Thomsen 1907, 62 TIR Iudaea 211 TIR Iudaea 211-12 TIR Iudaea 212 TIR Iudaea 212 Dussaud 1927, 338-39 Jos., BJ 3.57 Jos., AJ 16.283, 288 Le Bas 3.2393; Dussaud 1927, 380 TIR Iudaea 214 TIR Iudaea 216 Poidebard 1934 LXII

1065

al-Mismiye SYR Nahr al-A'waj SYR Birket er Ram SYR Shahba SYR Beth Yerah / Khirbet el Kerak ISR LEB Aramun LEB Khan Nebi Yunas LEB LEB SYR LEB WBK JOR SYR JOR LEB Ain el-Jaoze LEB SYR WBK SYR Rakhle SYR Rajib? JOR ISR ISR ISR SYR er-Rafe? SYR

E4 B4 B5 G2

Rimet el-Lohf SYR ISR Rehov / Tell es Sarem ISR SYR

1066 Grid E4 E4 C5 B5 B5 D3 B4 F2 B3 B3 E3 D4 C4 C3 E4 E4 C4 C3 C4 B4 Name Sakkaia/ Maximianopolis Salamanestha Salem/ Salumias Sedima Samaria Samaria/ Sebaste [*Gabinia] Samoulis? Sandala Saraceni Sarepta/ Makra Kome Sasa Sauara Saura Scythopolis/ Nysa Sebaste = Samaria Segeira Seia *Selaima Seleukeia Seleukeia = Abila Dekapoleos Semachonitis L. Sennabris/ Ginnabris Sepphoris/ Diocaesarea *Septimia = Canatha Septimia Severa = Tyrus Sheikh Miskin Shephar'am Shimron/ Simonias Sidon/ Col. Aurelia Pia Simonias = Shimron Sinde *Soada = Dionysias Sogane Sounoua Sozousa = Apollonia Strata Stratonos Pyrgos/ Caesarea Kaisareia Paralios Cesarea Palestinae Surman Sychem Sykamina Syna M. Tafha Tamyras fl. = Damouras fl. Taricheai = Magdala

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA Period RL/ L RL H?RL HRL AHRL H RL L HRL/ RL RL RL RL AHRL RL RL RL HRL Modern Name / Location Shaqqa SYR Sala SYR Tell er Radgha ISR region of Samaria ISR / WBK Sebastiya WBK Simlin SYR ISR JOR / SYR Sarafend LEB ISR Suwarat el-Kebire SYR Sur SYR Beisan Beth Shean ISR Qal'at Jendal? SYR Si SYR Sulem SYR Seluqiye SYR Lake Hule ISR Senn en Nabra ISR Zippori / Saffuriye ISR Reference Ptol. 5.14.20; Dunand 1934, 160 Dussaud 1927, 366 ItEg 13.4; TIR Iudaea 219-20 TIR Iudaea 220 TIR Iudaea 220-21 Dussaud 1927, 345 TIR Iudaea 222 See Map 71 ABD Zarephath; Feissel 1982, 340-41 TIR Iudaea 223 Dussaud 1927, 380 IGRR 3.1143; Dussaud 1927, 380 TIR Iudaea 223-25 IGRR 3.1075 PECS Le Bas 2377; PECS TIR Iudaea 226 TIR Iudaea 226 TIR Iudaea 226 TIR Iudaea 227-28

RL RL

D4 B4 B4 B2 B3 C4 E4 A4

RL RL RL ACHRL/ R L RL? RL H/ RL HRL AH CHRL L L

SYR Shefar'am / Shafa 'Amr ISR Khirbet Semmuniye ISR Saida LEB Biyud es-Sayed? LEB el Yahudiye SYR Sa'neh SYR Qesaria / Qaisariye ISR

Dussaud 1927, 344 TIR Iudaea 230 TIR Iudaea 232 RE 1; DCPP 413-16 RE TIR Iudaea 235 Kennedy 1990, 189 See Roads NEAEHL 1, 270-91; TIR Iudaea 94-96

C3 B5 A4 A4 E4

SYR Balata WBK Shiqmona, Tell es Samak ISR near Shuni ISR SYR

TIR Iudaea 237 TIR Iudaea 238 TIR Iudaea 237 TIR Iudaea 238-39 Devreese 1945, 237

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA Grid C3 A5 E3 B4 B4 B5 C5 A4 B4 B4 C2 D5 D5 E4 C4 B4 E2 B5 C5 C4 C4 B5 C5 D3 D4 E5 B3 D5 E5 D5 E4 B5 D5 B4 F2 F2 D1 B3 Name Tel Anafa Tel Hefer Tell Asfar Tell Basul Tell el Firr Tell Miske Tell Saidiyeh Tel Mevorakh Tha'anach Thabor M. Thainatha = Thantia *Thamaneita Thanouenoi Thantia/ Thainatha *Tharba Tharsila Thekoa Thelseai Thena Thesbe Tiberiadis Mare/ Gennesar L. Tiberias Tibetha Tirat Zevi Trachon(itis) Trachones Tricomia Triakome Tyrus/ Col. Septimia Severa Umm el-Jimal Umm el-Quttein Umm es-Surab Umm ez-Zeitun Umm Rihan Umtaiyye Usha Valle Diocletiana Vallis Alba Via Nova Traiana Yaat Yiron Iarion Keroe Zabadeoi Zekweh Zenopolis? = Rachle Zerabene = *Zoraa *Zizia *Zoraa/ Zerabene Period HR? AL R? R?L HRL RL HR HR R?L HRL R R RL RL L RL RL RL L RL RL RL HRL R L RL CHRL/ R RL R L RL? RL? L RL RL RL Modern Name / Location ISR ISR SYR ISR WBK WBK JOR ISR Tell Ti'innik WBK Tabor ISR Timnin LEB JOR Thugrat al-Jubb? JOR Tarba SYR Tsil SYR Teqo'a / Khirbet et Tuqu' ISR Dmeir SYR Khirbet T'ana el Fauqa WBK Khan Mar Elyas JOR Sea of Galilee Tiberias ISR et Tayyibe ISR ISR Lejja SYR Lejja and Safa area SYR Salkhad SYR es-Sur LEB JOR JOR JOR SYR WBK SYR Khirbet Hushe ISR Khan et-Trab SYR Khan el-Manqura SYR LEB Yarun LEB Reference TIR Iudaea 241 TIR Iudaea 242 Poidebard 1934 L TIR Iudaea 241 TIR Iudaea 242 TIR Iudaea 244 NEAEHL 4.1295-1300 TIR Iudaea 244 TIR Iudaea 246 TIR Iudaea 246-47 IGLSyr 6.2960; Krencker 1938, 138 Sartre 1982, 134 Kennedy 1982, 152 Dussaud 1927, 370 Dussaud 1927, 345-46 TIR Iudaea 248 (II) IGRR 3.1094; Dussaud 1927, 265 TIR Iudaea 249 ItEg 16.1; Abel 1933 II, 486 Tisbeh TIR Iudaea 179 TIR Iudaea 249-50 TIR Iudaea 250 TIR Iudaea 251 RE Strabo 16.2.16, 20 NotDig Or. 37.15; Dunand 1934, 108-109 (no. 222) DCPP 477-80 RE 3 Parker 1986, 26-30; Kennedy 1990, 184 Kennedy 1990, 142 Devreese 1945, 233 Dussaud 1927, 379 TIR Iudaea 254 Devreese 1945, 233 TIR Iudaea 255-56 Dunand 1931, 237 Kennedy 1990, 182 See Roads See Map 68 ABD; TIR Iudaea 259

1067

ARL

D2 C2 C4 D4

H R RL RL/ L

SYR LEB Zeizun SYR Ezra SYR

ABD Zabadeans IGLSyr 6.2985; Krencker 1938, 198 IGRR 3.1165 Dussaud 1927, 374; Devreese 1945, 238

1068

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA

Aqueducts
Grid A4 A4 B3 B4 B4 B4 B4 B4 B4 B5 C2 C3 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 D1 Location Dor(a) Caesarea Palaityros Kefar Amiqo Ake Kefar Hanania Sepphoris Gaba Philippi Legio Samaria Berytus Paneas Bethsaida Gamala Chorsia Hippos (2) Tiberias Scythopolis (2) Heliopolis Period HRL HRL R RL L RL RL RL RL HRL RL? RL RL R RL RL RL HRL R Reference Amit 1989, 109-14 Olami 1977; Amit 1989, 115-22 RE Tyros, cols. 1876-82 Amit 1989, 92-95 Amit 1989, 81-96 Amit 1989, 97-100 Amit 1989, 101-108 TIR Iudaea 126 TIR Iudaea 170 Amit 1989, 157-68 Goodchild 1949, pl. xx TIR Iudaea 199 TIR Iudaea 85 TIR Iudaea 128 TIR Iudaea 104 Amit 1989, 133-40; Meshel 1996 Amit 1989, 123-32 TIR Iudaea 223-25 Wiegand 1921, 22-33

Bridges
Grid A5 A5 B2 B2 B3 B4 C1 C2 C2 D4 D4 Location SE Caesarea near Bir el 'Abd Wadi ez-Zaini, N Sidon Nahr Awali, S Sidon Nahr Abu-Assad, S Ad Nonum Legio Maameltein, N Palaibyblos Nahr Beyrut, E Berytus Nahr el-Kelb, SW Palaibyblos et-Tayyibe, SE Adra(h)a Nahr Jemarrin, N Bostra Period R RL RL RL RL R RL RL RL RL RL Reference Olami 1977; TIR Iudaea 94-96 TIR Iudaea 89 Goodchild 1949, 109 Goodchild 1949, 109 Goodchild 1949, 110 TIR Iudaea 170 Goodchild 1949, 107 Goodchild 1949, 108 Goodchild 1949, 107 Bauzou 1985, 143 Le Bas 3.1959b; Bauzou 1985, 165

Mole
Grid B3 Location so-called Agger Alexandri Period HRL Reference Arrian, Anabasis 2.18; PECS Tyrus

Quarry
Grid D1 Location near Heliopolis (2) Period R Material Gr Reference Wiegand 1921, 34-36

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA

1069

Roads
Grid E4 F2 D5 Name / Itinerary Strata Diocletiana Strata Diocletiana Via Nova Traiana Adra(h)a Kapitolias Adra(h)a Gerasa S Ake Bethsaida Kochaba Ake Legio Ginai(a) Samaria Khirbet et Tira Ake Sepphoris Apollonia SE Berytus Heliopolis Bostra Adra(h)a Bostra Gerasa Bostra Nelkomia Bostra Triacome Mothana S Buraq Dionysias Caesarea Gaba Philippi Caesarea Kapharsaba Antipatris (Map 70) Caesarea Legio Scythopolis Caesarea Neapolis Korea(i) Caesarea Scythopolis via Ginai(a) coast road Damascus Casama Dionysias Canatha Nelkomia Dionysias Salamanestha el-Ghassule Gadara Pella Asophon S Gadara Scythopolis Gadara Tiberias Heliopolis Damascus Heliopolis N Khan el-Abyad Thelseae Damascus Aere Neue S Nejha Palaibyblos Sidon Caesarea Apollonia Paneas Bethsaida Phaine *Airita Dionysias Bostra S Gerasa Pella Scythopolis Tiberias Bethsaida Hippos Sennabris Tiberias Sepphoris Legio Tricomia Umm al-Quttein S Tyrus Paneas Damascus Via Nova Traiana Umm al-Jimal Period R RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL RL Reference Dunand 1931, 228; Kennedy 1982, 185-86; Bauzou 1985, 144 (n. 19) See Map 68 Thomsen 1917, 37-47 (nos. 67-110); Bauzou 1985, 142-43 Bauzou 1985, 143 Mittmann 1966 NEAHL 2, 455 Safrai 1994, 274-89 Safrai 1994, 275-89 Safrai 1994, 275-89 ItMiller 826; Thomsen 1917, 22-23 (no. 29) Bauzou 1985, 143 Thomsen 1917, 59-61 (nos. 188-195); Bauzou 1988, 295 Bauzou 1985, 144 Bauzou 1985, 143 Bauzou 1985, 140-41 Roll 1996, 555-78 Roll 1996, 558 Isaac 1982; Roll 1996, 557-58 Roll 1996, 557-58 Roll 1996, 557 Roll 1996, 552-55 ItMiller 816-17; Dussaud 1927, 264 Bauzou 1985, 141, 145 Bauzou 1985, 144 Thomsen 1917, 30 (no. 58) Huppenbauer 1962 Thomsen 1917, 71 (nos. 244-47) ABD V, 785 ItAnt 198; Thomsen 1917, 23-24 (nos. 30-33) ItAnt 198; ItMiller 824-25 ItAnt 196-97; Bauzou 1985, 139 Thomsen 1917, 30 (no. 60) ItBurd 583-84; Goodchild 1949 NEAHL 2, 455 Dunand 1923; Bauzou 1985, 140 Thomsen 1917, 62-65 (nos. 199-228) NEAHL 2, 453-58; OEANE 1, 302-305 Bethsaida NEAHL 2, 455 Thomsen 1917, 31-32 (nos. 62-64) ItMiller 825-26; Cagnat 1936 Kennedy 1982, 160

1070

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA

Unlocated Toponyms
Name Aenos Alema Alsadamus M. Ampeloessa Antiochia sub Libano Arlane Arsinoe en Auloni Basienisa Bathyra Basca(ma) Calamona Castra Samaritanorum Chonacara Cilicon Aulon Constantia/ Constantine Dathema Demetrias Diafenes Dion/ Diospolis Enganna Eutime/ Eutimia Gaba Garis Getta Goharieni Hierapolis Ina Iob Iovis M. Leon fl. Leontopolis Leucas ad Chrysorhoan Leuke Kome Manena Mariamme Neapolis Ormiza Otthara Period RL H R R L R H H L L L H L H H L HR L L R RL R R L R L R R HR H R R L L R L near Canatha Hine? villa in territory of Scythopolis LEB Lebanese coast probably not Abila Lysaniae LEB people near Baalbek LEB Probable Location Phaine or Buraq Alma? SYR Reference ItMiller 817; Devreese 1945, 239 1 Maccabees 5.26; Abel 1933 II, 241 Ptol. 5.14.20; MacAdam 1986, 6 Pliny, NH 5.74 Appian, Syr. 57; MacAdam 1993, 343 Devreese 1945, 203 StByz ; MacAdam 1993, 342 Kennedy 1982, 184-85; MacAdam 1989, 302 Jos., AJ 17.26 TIR Iudaea 74 NotDig Or. 32.26; Dussaud 1927, 270 TIR Iudaea 101 Devreese 1945, 203 Jos., AJ 13.397 Devreese 1945, 237 1 Maccabees 5.9; Dussaud 1927, 330 BMCoins, lxxv-lxxvii NotDig Or. 37.23; MacAdam 1989, 295 Schrer 1973 II, 148-49 Euseb., Onom. 94.26 Devreese 1945, 214 Pliny, NH 5.74; BMCoins, lxxxii TIR Iudaea 129 TIR Iudaea 135 Geth SEG 1960.759 Thomsen 1907, 71 Thomsen 1907, 72 TIR Iudaea 164 Kefar Qarnos NotDig Or. 32.33; Dussaud 1927, 271 Ptol. 5.14.3 Dussaud 1927, 47 BMCoins, lxxviii-lxxix Plutarch, Antonius 51 IGRR 3.1262; Dussaud 1927, 359 Honigmann II.294a; Ghadban 1985, 309 Devreese 1945, 214 Jos., BJ 1.368; Dussaud 1927, 360 NotDig Or. 32.18

near Damascus in Biqa LEB JOR Batanaia near Maglula SYR near Sykamina near Damascus Buraq? SYR Ataman? SYR probably not Damascus Decapolis

Harran?

village in Galilee settlement on Mt. Carmal people

MAP 69 DAMASCUS-CAESAREA Name Porphyreon Rhose Sourattha Speluncae Zebud Period L RL R R L near Bostra Probable Location Reference TIR Iudaea 204 ItMiller 818; Bowersock 1983, 178 (n. 35); Bauzou 1985, 141 Ptol., 5.16.4; MacAdam 1986, 17 NotDig Or. 37.18; MacAdam 1989, 303; Kennedy 1990, 179 Neubauer 1868, 295; Ghadban 1981, 148 (n. 19)

1071

Deir el-Kahf? Zabdani SYR

False Toponyms
Name Canatha (alia) Essa Reference Sartre 1981 Jos., AJ 13.393 Comment nonexistent? error for Gerasa

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1072

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