General Chemistry Unit 5 Stoichiometry Lab

Name __Ryan Quinn__________ Period __1_ Date _8__/_1__/_14__ Stoichiometry

Section 1: Computing the amounts of reactants that we need n this la!" you #ill need to do a reaction #here !a$in% soda #ill react #ith an e&cess o' (ine%ar) *y doin% this" you #ill +ho,e'ully-. ensure that you #ill %et 1//0 actual yield 'or the reaction) 1or our reaction" #e #ill need to use 2.00 x 10-2 moles of ba ing soda" #hich #e #ill call !y its chemical name" sodium hydro%en car!onate" 'or the rest o' this la!) ' #e use much more than 2.00 x 10-2 moles of ba ing soda" the reaction #ill !e too lar%e and #e #ill ris$ ha(in% some o' the reaction ,roducts ,our o(er the side o' the 'las$ #hen #e mi& it #ith the acetic acid +#hich is the acid in (ine%ar. n the s,ace !elo#" calculate how many grams of sodium hydrogen carbonate #e #ill need2 Na3C45 6ass 7 84

Na3C45 +a8. 9 3C:354: +a8. ; NaC:354: +a8. 9 3:4 +l. 9 C4: +%.
1)<8% /)/://mole 16 :/)/ m= or /)/://= /)/://mole

0 yield 7 >? G 1// @? 1or this la!" #e #ill use __1)<A_______ %rams o' sodium hydro%en car!onate) Section 2: !he reaction n this section o' the la!" #e #ill !e doin% the reaction discussed in the ,rela!) 1. "eigh a 2#0 mL flas ) ?ou #ill need the #ei%ht o' the em,ty 'las$ at the end o' the la!) 118)41% 7 #ei%ht o' :5/ml 'las$) :. 6easure out the #ei%ht o' sodium hydro%en car!onate that you calculated you #ould need in the 'irst section o' this la!) 6a$e sure that the amount you use is as close as you can ma$e it to this amount) >dd the sodium hydro%en car!onate solution to the ,reB#ei%hed :5/ m= 'las$) Dissol(e the sodium hydro%en car!onate in a!out thirty milliliters of distilled water) S#irl the solution until most or all o' it is dissol(ed +i' a little #onCt dissol(e" thatCs 4D.) Calculate the amount o' 1.0$ acetic acid +itEs the acti(e in%redient in (ine%ar. and slo#ly add it to the sodium hydro%en car!onate solution) ?ou #ill o!ser(e the 'ormation o' !u!!les) Fhen all o' the acetic acid has !een added" stir 'or t#o minutes !e'ore mo(in% on to ste, <) Calculation of mL of 1.0$ acetic acid: 6oles o' acetic acid #e need2 :)// G 1/B: moles Na3C45 9 3C:354: ; NaC:354: 9 3:4 9 C4:

5. 4. 5.

1)/6 acetic acid 7 :)// G 1/B: moles acetic acid & = acetic acid 7 /)/: moles acid & = acetic acid 1 6 acetic acid @here is /)/: = acetic acid) @here is :/m= o' acetic acid) <. Fhen the solution is a%ain calm +there may !e a 'e# !u!!les risin% 'rom the !ottom o' the 'las$ B this is normal." mo%e the flas to a &unsen burner set up and heat it to boiling) *e care'ul that the 'las$ does not !oil o(er !ecause this #ill cause errors in your calculations) Fhen all o' the li8uid in the solution has !oiled a#ay" remo(e the 'las$ 'rom the heat) @he ,o#der that you o!ser(e inside is the ,roduct o' the reaction" sodium acetate) 4nce the flas has had a few minutes to cool do#n to room tem,erature" measure and record its #ei%ht) Fhen this is done" you can rinse out the 'las$ and any other %lass#are you used) >ll #aste can %o do#n the sin$)

A.

8.

'ata !able (with units): >mount o' sodium hydro%en car!onate used2 ____1)<A %rams__________ Fei%ht o' the em,ty :5/ m= 'las$2 __118)41 %____________ Fei%ht o' the 'las$" a'ter the reaction2 ___1:/)</ %rams____________ Fei%ht o' sodium hydro%en car!onate2 :)1H %rams Iolume in m= o' 1)/6 acetic acid2___:/m=_______________ @heoretical ?ield2 /)/: moles & 8:)/5 %/mol 7 1)<41 % >ctual ?ield2 :)1H %rams 0 ?ield2 + :)1H%/ 1)<41% . & 1// 7 155)4550 7 1550 *ost Lab +uestions: 1. Frite do#n the e8uation o' the reaction that #e did in this la!) +3int2 @he reaction is discussed in the introduction to this la!)

Na3C45 +a8. 9 3C:354: +a8. ; NaC:354: +a8. 9 3:4 +l. 9 C4: +%.
1)<8% /)/://mole 16 :/)/ m= or /)/://= /)/://mole

:.

Usin% the e&act #ei%ht o' sodium hydro%en car!onate that you measured in ste, 1 and the e8uation that you #rote in the ,ro!lem a!o(e" #hat is the theoretical yield o' this reactionJ

!heoretical ,ield: /)/: moles & 8:)/5 %/mol 7 1)<41 %

5.

Calculate the actual yield o' sodium acetate that you reco(ered in this la!" usin% the #ei%ht o' the em,ty 'las$ and the #ei%ht o' the 'las$ a'ter the reaction)

-ctual ,ield: 1:/)</ %rams B 118)41 % 7 :)1H %rams 4. Usin% the actual yield o' sodium acetate that you measured in ste, 5 and the theoretical yield o' sodium acetate that you calculated in ste, :" calculate the ,ercent yield o' sodium acetate reco(ered in this la!

. ,ield: + :)1H%/ 1)<41% . & 1// 7 155)4550 7 1550 5. Fas your ,ercent yield o' sodium acetate 1//0J Fhat 'actors do you thin$ caused any error that you 'oundJ K&,lain" usin% at least t#o s,eci'ic e&am,les) 6y ,ercent yield #as %reater than 1//0 !ecause it #as 1550) @his means that there #as 8uite a lar%e error #hen #e #ere conductin% the e&,eriment) @his error #as li$ely caused !y a num!er o' di''erent 'actors such as an inade8uate len%th o' time s,ent stirrin%" #hich could mean that the a8ueous solution o' Na3C45 didnEt dissol(e 'ully in the 'las$" lea(in% !ehind e&tra #ei%ht) >nother 'actor could !e the 'act that #e used less than the re8uired amount +1)<A% #hen #e should ha(e used 1)<8%. and there #ould not !e enou%h moles 'or the solutions to !e e8ual in mole amount) ' you had to do this la! a%ain" #hat #ould you do di''erently to im,ro(e your ans#ersJ K&,lain" usin% at least t#o s,eci'ic e&am,les) ' had to attem,t this la! a%ain" #ould ma$e sure that com,lete each ste, #ith the utmost ,recision as to ensure that achie(e an >ctual ?ield as close to the @heoretical ?ield as ,ossi!le) 1or e&am,le" #ould ensure that all the su!stances had mi&ed and dissol(ed correctly +sodium hydro%en car!onate in the acetic acid.) >lso #ould !e sure to measure out the e&act amount in %rams o' the sodium hydro%en car!onate that #ill !e used in the e&,eriment +1)<8 %rams instead o' the 1)<A %rams that my %rou, used.)

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