Running head: THE THREAT OF USING RACIAL PROFILING ON THE WAR ON TERRORISM

The Threat o U!ing Ra"ia# Pro i#ing on the War on Terrori!$

%a!on &a##iet Eng#i!h Co$'o!ition II Pro e!!or Sarah S(r)anen Co#u$*ia Southern Uni+er!it( ,- A'ri# .,1/

THE THREAT OF USING RACIAL PROFILING ON THE WAR ON TERRORISM %a!on &a##iet Pro e!!or Sarah S(r)anen Eng#i!h II A'r0 -1 .,1. Ra"ia# 'ro i#ing ha! *een 2ide#( u!ed *( the 'o#i"e in their e ort! again!t terrori!$0 Whi#e terrori!$ !hou#d *e "onde$ned and 're+ented at a## $ean!1 u!ing ra"ia# 'ro i#ing a! a $ean! o a+erting thi! "ri$e $a( not *e *ene i"ia# a! e3'e"ted0 Thi! !e"tion e3a$ine! the inding! o other re!ear"her! in their *id to di!$i!! ra"ia# 'ro i#ing *( high#ighting it! threat! in the 2ar on terrori!$0 A+er( et a#0 4.,,/5 identi ied a 'heno$ena# "ha##enge o u!ing ra"ia# 'ro i#ing *( the 'o#i"e in their e ort to ight terrori!$0 Thi! "ha##enge "on"ern! the #a"6 o 're"i!ion in the u!e o thi! $ethod0 The )udg$enta# error a!!o"iated 2ith ra"ia# 'ro i#ing $a( *e tran! erred to the 2ar

on terrori!$7 thu!1 +i"ti$i8ing the 2rong 'er!on in the 'ro"e!!0 The( a##ude to the argu$ent that the #i$itation o terrori!$ 2ar to 'o!e! a ri!6 o ina""ura"(0 Thi! doe! not on#( $a6e the 2rong 'er!on! !u er or no rea!on *ut a#!o $a6e the terrori!t ree to e3e"ute their "ri$e! ea!i#(0 The errati" 'o#i"e o i"er $a( a! 2e## a*u!e thi! !trateg( or their o2n gain! other than tho!e 'o!tu#ated in their guide#ine! or ighting terrori!$ 4A+er(1 Rudo+!6(1 9 &#u$1 .,,/50 A'art ro$ 'o!ing the threat o $i!ta6en identit( and there*( !hie#ding the a"tua# terrori!$ !u!'e"t!1 ra"ia# 'ro i#ing "au!e! ine i"ien"ie! a! e+ident in the 're+iou! !tudie! 4Ad#er1 Mue##er1 9 Lau er1 .,,:50 It ha! a high 'otentia# o i$'ending the e e"ti+ene!! o #a2 en or"e$ent e ort!0 It $a6e! the #a2 en or"er! *e 'ro'agator! o di!"ri$ination and un airne!! "ontrar( to the o+era## e3'e"tation! o the "iti8en!0 In thi! regard1 it "an *e argued a! did Ad#er et

THE THREAT OF USING RACIAL PROFILING ON THE WAR ON TERRORISM a#0 4.,,:5 that ra"ia# 'ro i#ing i! not on#( ine e"ti+e *ut a#!o "ounter'rodu"ti+e in the 'ro"e!! o #a2 en or"e$ent !in"e it "ontradi"t! the e3'e"tation! o the 'u*#i" ro$ the 'o#i"e0 On the !a$e thought o ine i"ien"(1 Ra$ire8 et a#0 ound out that the "ri$ina#i8ation o ra"e1 or e3a$'#e1 *eing *#a"6 or A!ian origin "reate! an a$'#e !'a"e or the 2hite! 2ith

tenden"ie! o terrori!$0 The 2hite!1 2ho$ the 'o#i"e $a( 'er"ei+e to *e 2ith #itt#e 'ro'en!it( to terrori!$ "ri$e1 2i## e3e"ute their "ri$e! ea!ier than ho2 their *#a"6 "ounter'art! do7 thu! negating the gain! $ade in the ight again!t terrori!$0 In their e ort to a!"ertain the nature o ra"ia# 'ro i#ing1 Mi##er et a#0 4.,,;5 ound out that ra"ia# 'ro i#ing i! a "riti"a# e#e$ent o de"i!ion $a6ing 'ro"e!! *( the 'o#i"e in !to''ing dri+er! or terrori!$ "he"6!0 The !tud(1 2hi"h u!ed <ua#itati+e inter+ie2!1 in+e!tigated Ro$a=! e3'erien"e! in three nation!1 indi"ated that !o$e region! had their #a2 en or"er! u!ing ra"ia# 'ro i#ing de#i*erate#(0 Another nota*#e threat 'o!ed *( ra"ia# 'ro i#ing in the ight again!t terrori!$ i! the 'o!!i*i#it( o the $ethod "au!ing e3"e!!i+e !u ering to the $inorit( +i"ti$!0 Sin"e the $inorit( +i"ti$! ro$ !'e"i i" ra"e! $a( *e !u*)e"ted to e3tre$e !"rutin( and !e"urit( "he"61 the( $a( reta#iate 2ith har!hne!! 2hi"h 'ro$'t! the 'o#i"e to a"t a""ording#(0 S$ith 4.,,>5 'oint! out one +i"ti$ ro$ the *#a"6 "o$$unit( 2ho !u ered gun!hot in the hand! o #a2 en or"er! 2ho 'ur'ort to *e 're+enting "ri$e and a''rehending #a2 *rea6er!0 He a##ude! to the a"t that ra"ia# 'ro i#ing 'ut! a #uent *#a"6 a$i#ie! to a high ri!6 o *ruta# hand#ing *( anti?terror #a2 en or"er! a! i##u!trated in the high#ighted "a!e0 The threat o !u*)e"ting $inorit( grou'! to unne"e!!ar( $anhand#ing and other 'h(!i"a# a*u!e are a!!o"iated 2ith the e3"e!!i+e u!e o ra"ia# 'ro i#ing in ighting terrori!$ and other "ri$e! in 2hi"h !o$e ra"e! are 'er"ei+ed to *e 'ri$e !u!'e"t! 4S$ith .,,>50

THE THREAT OF USING RACIAL PROFILING ON THE WAR ON TERRORISM Re eren"e! Ad#er1 F01 Mue##er1 G0 O01 Lau er1 W0 S0 4.,,:50 Criminology. Ne2 @or6: M"Gra2?Hi## A+er(1 M01 Rudo+!6(1 A0 &#u$1 B0 M0 4.,,/50 Police Misconduct: Law and Litigation. Minne!ota: Tho$!on We!t0 Mi##er1 %01 Goune+1 P01 Pa'1 A01 Wag$an1 A01 &a#ogi1 A01 &e8#o+1 A01 Si$ono+it!1 &01 9 Cargha1 L0 4.,,;50 Ra"i!$ and Po#i"e Sto'!: Ada'ting US and &riti!h Ae*ate! to Continenta# Euro'e Euro'ean0 Journal of Criminology, 54.51 1-1?1>10 Ra$ire81 A0 M"Ae+itt0%1 9 Farre#1 A0 41>>>50 The Gallup Poll, !out "acial Profiling0 We!t"he!ter: La$*erth Con!u#ting10

S$ith1 T0 A1 4.,,>50 The Conse#uences of "acial Profiling: $ri%ing &hile 'lac(: Part ))0 Te3a! Rega# Maga8ine0