Special Homework Set on Potential Flow Theory

Problem 8.7:
Solution:
= x 2 2 xy y 2

u =
= 2x 2 y
x

v=
= 2 x 2 y
x
G
V = ui + vj = (2 x 2 y )i (2 x + 2 y ) j
Hence,
G

V = (2 x 2 y ) + (2 x 2 y ) = 0
x
y

u=
= 2x 2 y =
x
y
2
= 2 xy y + f ( x)

v=
= 2 x 2 y =
y
x
2
= 2 xy x + g ( y )
So,
= 2 xy y 2 + x 2

(Incompressible)

Problem 8.11:
Solution:
= A( x 2 y 2 )

u =
= 2 Ay
y

v=
= 2 Ax
x
G
V = ui + vj = 2 Ayi 2 Axj

If it can be used for a potential flow, then it should satisfy the irrigational condition,
(2 Ay ) (2 Ax) G
V = (
+
)k = 0
y
x

u=
= 2 Ay
x
= 2 Axy + f ( y )

v=
= 2 Ax
y
= 2 Axy + g ( x)

Hence,
= 2 Axy
2

-1

-2
-2

-1

Figure1. Plot of streamline

Problem 8.12:
Solution:
= Ar

sin( )

1
1
= Ar
cos( )

u =
= Ar
sin( )

r
at r = 0 , = 0 , u r = 0 and u = 0
at = 0 , = 0 , u = 0
So it represents flow in a corner.

ur =

(a) =

= Ar 2 sin(2 ) = 2 A(r sin )(r cos ) = 2 Axy

u =
= 2 Ax
y

v=
= 2 Ay
x
It is stagnation flow.

(b) =

 = Ar sin = Ay

u =
=A
y

v=
=0
x
It is uniform flow.
(c) = 2
= Ar

sin( ) = A r (
2

1
1 cos
A
A
)=
r r cos =
(x 2 + y 2 ) 2 x
2
2
2

1
A
= r 2 cos( )
2
r
2
1

A
u =
= r 2 sin( )
2
r
2
when r 0 , u r
A
at = 0 , r 0 , u r =
, u = 0
2 r
It is flow around a semi-infinite flat place.
ur =

Problem 8.13:
Solution:
= 10 x + 40 x

So, 2 =
=

(x 2 + y 2 )

2 2

+ 2 = [10 x + 40 x 2
[10 x + 40 x 2
]
2 ]+
2
( x + y ) y
(x + y 2 )
x
x
y

160 x( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 + 320 xy 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 160 x( y 2 x 2 )( x 2 + y 2 )

=0
(x2 + y 2 )4

(b)
40( y 2 x 2 )

u=
= 10 + 2
=
x
y
(x + y 2 )2
40 y
= 10 y 2
+ f ( x)
x + y2
80 xy

v=
= 2
=
2 2
x
y ( x + y )
40 y
= 10 y 2
+ g ( y)
x + y2
We get,
40 y
40 sin
sin
= 10 y 2
= 10r sin
= Ur sin
2
r
r
x +y
U = 10

 = 40
r0 =

=2
3

-1

-2

-3
-3

-2

-1

Figure 2. Plot of the streamline (at = 0 , it is the outer line)

(c)

40 sin
sin
= Ur sin
r
r
1
40
= (10 2 ) cos
ur =
r
r
40

u =
= (10 + 2 ) sin
r
r
Along x-axis, = 0 or =
40
40
40
So, u = (10 + 2 ) sin = 0 , u r = (10 2 ) cos = (10 2 )
r
r
r
2
V x
From Bernoullis equations, Px +
= P0 (where P0 at stagnation point)
2
At x , V x = U = 10
= 10r sin

P 0 = P +

V 2
2

= 10 +

1000 10 2 1
16

= 13.61 psi
2
12 1.6019

So,

Px = P0
(d)

V x
2

= 13.61

40
)
x 2 = 13.61 (5 20 )
2
x2

(10

By setting r = r0 = 2 u r = (10

40
) cos = 0 , so the stagnation point located at the point
r2

where,
u = (10 +

40
) sin = 0 , That is = 0 and = ,
r2

Hence,
The point is A (-2,0) and B (2,0).

Problem 8.14:
Solution:
(a) For a plane vortex,

=
ln r = A ln x 2 + y 2
2

Ay
u =
= 2
y x + y 2

Ax
v=
= 2
x
x + y2

Ay
= 2
From, u =
x x + y 2
y
= A tan 1 ( ) + f ( y )
x

Ax
From, v =
= 2
y
x + y2
y
= A tan 1 ( ) + g ( x)
x
Hence,
y
= A tan 1 ( )
x

(b)
For a plane doublet,
y
y
y
= A tan 1 (
) A tan 1 (
)= 2
(where = 2A )
x+
x
x + y2

(x2 y 2 )

= 2
y
(x + y 2 )2

2xy
v=
= 2
x
(x + y 2 )2

u =

From, u =

(x2 y 2 )

= 2
x
(x + y 2 )2

+ f ( y)
x + y2

2xy
= 2
From, v =
y
(x + y 2 )2
x
= 2
+ g ( x)
x + y2
Hence,
x
= 2
x + y2
2

Problem 8.16:
Solution:

=
ln r = A ln x 2 + y 2
2

Ay
u =
= 2
y x + y 2

Ax
v=
= 2
x
x + y2
G
Ay
Ax
V = ui + vj = 2
i 2
j
2
x +y
x + y2
G
= V = 0 (Except x = 0, y = 0 )
When x = 0, y = 0 ,

lim = lim 2
x , y 0
x , y 0 ( x + y 2 ) 2
So, the vorticity of irrotational vortex is everywhere zero except at the origin, where it is
infinite.

Problem 8.17:
Solution:

q
y
q
y
tan 1 (
)
tan 1 (
)
2
x 2 2
x+2
y
y
4
4
) tan 1 (
)
= 10 y + tan 1 (

x2
x+2
16 sin
sin
= 10r sin
= Ur sin
(where q = 8,U = 10 )
r
r
Yes, this represents flow around a cylinder.
= Uy +

u =

16

= (10 + 2 ) sin
r
r


1 1
16
= (10 ) cos = (10 2 ) cos
r
r r
r
Bt setting u r = 0 , the radius of the cylinder is,
ur =

r0 =

2q
= 0.71
10

Problem 8.18:
Solution:
The stream function of source at the (0,0) is,
y
= A tan 1 ( )
x
So, place source at y = and sink at y = , the stream function is,
y
y +
= A tan 1 (
) A tan 1 (
)
x
x
Recall,
f
f ( x, y + ) f ( x, y )
= lim
y 0
2

y
= 2A [tan 1 ( )]
y
x
1
x
x
= 2A
= 2A 2
x + y2
1 + ( y )2
x
x
= 2
(Where = 2A )
x + y2

Problem 8.19:
Solution:

= Ux

= 20 x

x +y

160 xy
u =
= 2
y ( x + y 2 ) 2
2

80 x
x + y2
2

160 x 2
80

= 20 2
+ 2
2 2
x
(x + y )
x + y2
(a) The velocity along the y-axis, x = 0
u =0
80
v = 20 + 2
y
v=

500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
-1

-0.5

0.5

Figure 3 Plot of the Velocity along the y-axis

(b) At (-4,0)
u =0
80
v = 20 2 = 15
x
2
v
15 15
a=
=
= 56.25
r
4
(c) Pc = P0 2 U 2 sin 2 (where P0 = 5 psi )
So,

L = 2 2 Pc r0 sin d

= 2 (5 2 U 2 sin 2 )r0 sin d

=213313.3

Problem 8.23:
Solution:
(1) This problem can be treated as flow U = 20 , around a cylinder r0 = 1 , with
circulation,
2
r U sin
ln r
= Ur sin 0

r
2
20 sin
= 20r sin

ln r
r
2
1
20
ur =
= (20 2 ) cos
r
r
20

u =
= (20 + 2 ) sin +
2r
r
r
To find the stagnation points, we should have u r = 0, u = 0 ,

At r = r0 = 1 , u r = 0 ,
20

= (20 + 2 ) sin +
= 0 (at r0 = 1 )
Setting u =
r
r
2r

(*)
sin =
80
For the flow has one stagnation point, the only have one value to satisfy (*),
So,
3

= or =
2
2
From,
2

= V d s = u r0 d
0

u
=
r0
= 2r0
So,
2

= 40
2
2r 2 0
20sin
20 y
= 20r sin

ln r = 20 y 2
40 ln( x 2 + y 2 )
r
2
x + y2

(1) When =

, = 80 , =

-1

-2
-2

-1

Figure 1. Plot of Streamline pattern ( = 80 )

, = 80 , =
= 40
2
2r 2 0
20sin
20 y
= 20r sin

ln r = 20 y 2
+ 40 ln( x 2 + y 2 )
r
2
x + y2

(2) When =

-1

-2
-2

-1

Figure 2. Plot of Streamline pattern ( = 80 )