Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
a. Communication Skill – includes ability of the sender and the receiver to observe,
listen, clarify, validate and evaluate the meaning of the message.
b. Verbal & Non-verbal Stimuli – gives shape, direction and focus to the message
c. Setting – refers to the place or location where communication takes place. ( well
ventilated, peaceful, clean environment, free from disgusting smell)
d. Noise – interference within the communication system that may hinder the
accuracy of the message.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
a. Kinesis – includes body languages, movements, gesture, eye contact and facial
expressions.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
An interpersonal interaction between the nurse and the client during which the nurse
focuses in the clients specific needs to promote an effective exchange of information.
Ex. Sitting quietly (or walking with the client) and waiting
attentively until the client is able to put thoughts and feelings into
words. Nurse says nothing, continue to maintain eye contact and
convey interest.
2. Offering Self – making self available and showing interest and concern
Ex. “yes”
“I follow what you said”
Series of interaction between the nurse and the client in which the nurse assists the client
meet his/her needs and attain positive behavioral change. It is goal directed, focused on
the needs of the patient, planned, time limited and professional.
Means developing self-awareness and beginning to understand his attitudes, the nurse
can begin to use aspects of his personality, experiences, values, feelings, intelligence,
needs, coping skills and perceptions to establish relations with the clients.
TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS
1. Pre- Orientation
a. Read background materials available.
b. Become familiar with any medications the client is taking.
2. Orientation Phase
a. Begins when the nurse and the patient interacts for the first time.
b. Provide a therapeutic environment
c. Establish rapport and gain the patient’s trust
d. Identify the patient’s problem
e. Gather pertinent data about the patient
f. Determine why the patient sought help
g. Develop a mutually acceptable contact which includes the parameter of the
subsequent meeting
h. Clarifies expectation
3. Working Phase
a. Maintaining the relationship
b. Gathering more data
c. Exploring perception of reality
d. Developing positive coping mechanisms
e. Promoting positive self-concept
f. Facilitating behavioral changes
g. Evaluating progress and redeeming goals as appropriate
h. Promoting independence
i. Preparing for the termination
- Gradually increase interaction time
- Encourage expression of feelings
4. Termination Phase
a. Begins when the problem of the patient resolved.
- When the patient is emotionally stable
- When the patient exhibits independence
- When the patient able to cope with anxiety separation, fear and
loss
b. Assess the patient’s acceptance of terminating the relationship
c. Assess patient’s feelings of the termination