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>> Cisco foundations: Network
components, diagrams, cables, and speed.
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When I say foundations that's
really what this nugget represents.
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It's going to be the foundation building block.
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I just envision a building being built.
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This is the concrete slab.
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Without this, the building's
not going to be very stable.
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So we're going to describe
what a network is all about.
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What role does Cisco play?
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How did Cisco become this
stellar company that they are?
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What is the structure of this?
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I mean, what are the major components of the
network that you're going to run into day in,
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day out as you are managing your network.
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And then, how do we handle speed?
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I mean, we have some people

say megabits per second.
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Some people say megabytes per second.
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Gigabits -- I mean, what does that mean really?
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I mean, tell me what that means?
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We'll unpack that.
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And then finally, I'm going to show
you some of the common cable types
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that really lace your network together.
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So here's where the series starts.
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That's with the question what is a network?
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And I have to be honest with you, when I wrote
that and asked that I kind of set back and I go,
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well, you know, blink, blink,
blink, just kind of staring blankly.
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Because being in networking as long
as I have I'm like, oh, that's so big.
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There's such rich depth that you
could go in to with what is a network.
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How do I describe a network?

28
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I mean, it's so big.
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But when you take a really
big step back from networking
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and all its complexity it's really a technology
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that has been going on since
the beginning of time.
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We've just been making it faster and faster.
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I mean at the beginning of time you
had people in forests and deserts
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and they're all trying to find each other.
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They're walking trying to, you know, they -36
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I'm thinking, you know, hacking
their way through with knifes.
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But we didn't have that.
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They're pushing bushes aside trying to find
each other to communicate, to trade resources,
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to barter all those kinds of things.
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And we just have seen it ever since the
beginning of time getting better and better
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and faster and faster more efficient.

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I mean, people started moving
into cities together.
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The turn of time we see Rome building roads
to try and make their communication faster.
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And that's why Rome ruled the world
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as they built a massive road infrastructure
for, you know, resource transmission.
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It's like I can't even talk
in old language, you know.
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Moving stuff around the world faster and better.
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And we've, you know, since then we've seen
the car, we've seen telegraphs, telephones.
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You just kind of watch this evolution.
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We could draw a timeline where
it just keeps getting faster
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and faster until here we are today.
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Your job really is a road builder.
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And your goal is to make it as fast and
efficient as possible for us to communicate.
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You're building the fabric of communication

for the stuff that is important to us nowadays.

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The stuff that is important has
moved away from goods, you know,
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to where it's like, oh, look, I have a widget.
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Although there's still plenty of that there,
it's now information and communication.
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I mean, if you look at, you know, what's cool
what do people want for Christmas kind of thing.
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They say, oh, well, I want an iPad.
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I want a new laptop.
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I want a computer.
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But what are all these things?
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A window to communicate.
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I mean, if you look at an iPad it's
just a fancy lightweight window
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that you stare into to gather information.
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The iPad itself is nothing.
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People go, oh, well, it's great.
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But, I mean, if you look at

you're, like, I am holding a piece
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of metal with glass on top of it.
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That's not the value.
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The value is that on that screen I can get
all the information that I have because that's
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where value's placed in today's world.
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Resources and information that's communicating.
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And to the point where I just had
one of those, you know, weird,
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kind of stare at each other
discussion with my wife yesterday.
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You know, we were looking at
our bank account balance online.
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And you know, trying to -scratching our head going, hum,
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there's some issues there [brief laughter].
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And I looked at her I said, you know what,
that is just a number that we're staring at.
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I said it's a digital number.
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I spent hours and hours a day

trying to make that number bigger.

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But you know what, it's not tangible.
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If the bank were to have a massive failure
and, you know, backups were destroyed
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and all that that number
would go [sound effect].
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It's gone.
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You know, it's just -- there's
nothing physical behind that number,
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and yet that's what is important for today.
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You know, I have these little magic cards
that make that number smaller wherever I go.
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But that's, I mean, that's the
way that our world works is
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through this information technology world.
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So you -- what is a network?
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It's roads.
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It's just really fast roads to
communicate in today's world.
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So now let's bridge that
into, okay, what is Cisco?

95
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Well, it started in 1984.
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And what company doesn't begin with
some kind of weird controversy.
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They are the debated inventor of routers.
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That's their claim to fame.
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We invented the router.
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Although if you go to Google and type that in,
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you'll find a 60 some-year-old
guy going, no, it's not.
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It's I invented the router, and
Cisco stole it from me and whatever.
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You know, sure, okay.
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So maybe there's a 60 some-year-old guy
who invented the router and Cisco stole it.
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But undebatably Cisco took that
concept and marketed it to the world.
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Mass produced it and made
it available everywhere.
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So that's Cisco's claim to
fame is they invented one

108
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of the cornerstone building
blocks of networks nowadays.
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So today Cisco is undebatably the industry
leader in stable network equipment.
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Meaning when you look at, okay, that
is a solid network you're looking at.
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Most of the time it's being built on Cisco.
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They have the vast percentage worldwide of the
network infrastructure attributed to their name.
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And they have a reputation for stability.
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Now, they will tell you right up front, and
I've been going to Cisco conferences for years
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and years hearing constant speeches from
their CEO, and he is always onboard.
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He says we are a software
company, just like Microsoft.
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When you say Microsoft, immediately
you go, oh, well, Windows, right?
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Microsoft Windows that's what
they create or Microsoft Office.
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They go we are a software company.
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And people don't have an issue with that

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because they realize I can go buy a
Dell, an IBM, HP, you know, computer.
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And I can put Microsoft Window because
that's the software that goes on there.
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And Apple, you know, we're a software -- Apple,
you know, makes this amazing hardware, but they,
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you know, they're really OSX is their software.
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Now, Cisco unfortunately got the reputation -they're like, oh, well, you sell these boxes,
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switches, and routers and
all that kind of stuff.
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And they have tried with all their might to say,
well, yeah, but anybody can sell the hardware.
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Anybody can sell a really
good piece of hardware.
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You know, it's probably all
manufactured in similar facilities.
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What differentiates Cisco
is not just the hardware,
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it's the software that powers that device.
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Their software is known as the IOS,
the internetwork operating system.
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That is their claim to fame.
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That is what provides all of the features,
all the configuration, and a vast majority
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of the stability that you experience with Cisco.
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Now, I do want to take a moment to
mention that stability comes at a price.
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If you're used to walking into, you know,
retail stores to buy network equipment, I mean,
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maybe a small or midsize or home office.
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And you're like, okay, I need a 24 port switch.
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And you walk into Fry's Electronics or Best Buy.
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And you look at the shelf and
you're, like, ooh, $130, ouch.
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It's like, oh, I guess, it's what I
-- I wonder if Cisco's any cheaper?
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You come home and do a little Googling.
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And you're, like, oh, well, Cisco's
24 port switch is just $2,400.
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Thump, you know, body hits the floor.
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I mean, it's like, whoa, seriously.

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Yeah, seriously.
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But keep in mind we're now
into enterprise pricing.
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It's not like Cisco's, you
know, way above everybody else.
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If you look at competitive products that are
offering or claiming to offer similar stability,
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I mean, they're in a similar price range.
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Everything runs on the network nowadays,
so stability is huge for an organization.
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I mean, at this point you
know that if an organization,
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if a business loses their IT infrastructure
if that's down, [sound effect] business stops.
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It's done until that comes back online.
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And if you want to, I mean, if you want to
find a quick way to take out the life blood
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of a organization take out
the network infrastructure.
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If that goes down the organization
literally stops functioning.
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I mean, which causes massive losses initially

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and can actually cost the company
itself if left that way too long.
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So let's look at the building blocks.
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These are -- when I think,
okay, what is a network?
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There are some core building
blocks that makes this thing tick.
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Number one, is switches.
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The switches provide an interconnection
point for all
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of your local area network devices -- land.
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To where we have, you know,
let's take a switch over here.
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We have a cable run from that switch -169
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I'll show you this in actually just
a moment -- run through the ceiling.
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If we were to rip the drywall out, we would
actually see it come over here to a wall jack,
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which since we ripped the drywall
out is now dangling on the floor.
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But this would have a cable

that would go to the PC.
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But, you know, all of the cables that run
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through our company come back
and terminate at that switch.
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And if we just plugged PCs
and servers and everything
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into a switch we could have communication.
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It's local area network communication.
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So I could, you know, send a file from this
guy to this guy or store a file on a server.
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Or maybe have a printer that everybody is
sharing and using instead of everybody having
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to purchase their own individual,
you know, inkjet printer.
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Those are horrible to support, by the way.
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So you have all of this communication
that can happen within the organization.
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That's all facilitated by the switch.
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Now eventually, I'd say probably
sooner than later, people say, well,
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we need to communicate outside

of our organization.
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Now, we come to the function of a router.
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A router allows you to communicate
instead of within your local area network
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to a wide area network, a larger network.
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Essentially the router marks the dividing line
between your network and some other networks.
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So -- and by the way, I'm putting
these little symbols on here
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because you can't draw them
very easily using these.
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So these are common well-known symbols
for a lot of these network devices.
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So we can have, you know, Joe and Bob that
are communicating on their local computers.
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But eventually they may want to go out to
reach, you know, where do most people go?
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Whether it's a good thing or a
bad thing, it's the Internet.
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The network of networks where all the
resources come together and people are able
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to access all those resources from here.

198
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So the router marks the dividing line
between your network and the Internet.
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Oftentimes provides a security boundary.
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But also keeps your traffic contained.
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So, you know, when I'm having all
my communication go through here,
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I mean a lot of times we'll
have floods of information.
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We'll talk about different kinds of messages.
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But you might have broadcasts
that are going up and around
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and flooding through your whole company.
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Well, it just wouldn't scale
if everybody's broadcast
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from their company would start leaking out here.
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And you know, everybody would start
seeing each other's traffic, yeah.
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It just doesn't work that way.
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So a router marks the dividing
line between network entities.
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Now, I could start adding things
that I think a router should support.
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For example, I could add in like security.
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You know, that should be a huge function of
your router to provide a secure boundary.
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But it's not required.
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It's just a boundary.
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I would think that a router would do a
service known as network address translation.
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Translating one kind of IP address
or addressing of your network
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into the addressing of the Internet.
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And that's a great function.
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And almost 99 percent of routers
do that, but it's not required.
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Again, what does a router do?
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Creates a dividing line from
your network to theirs;
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from your world to the rest of the world.
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Now we come down to wireless access points.

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Now become a core building block.
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I still remember to this day when I
first set up wireless inside of my house.
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I got -- it was like a $200,
802.11BD link wireless access point
228
00:12:03,816 --> 00:12:04,766
that I bought from the store.
229
00:12:04,766 --> 00:12:07,686
I came home, hooked it up, and I got one
230
00:12:07,686 --> 00:12:11,206
of those big fat PCMCI cards,
slid it into the laptop.
231
00:12:11,206 --> 00:12:13,846
And, you know, sat on the couch in my shorts.
232
00:12:13,846 --> 00:12:16,326
And my wife goes, what are you going to do?
233
00:12:16,716 --> 00:12:18,936
I am going to get on the Internet.
234
00:12:19,936 --> 00:12:22,316
A moment of silence, click, click.
235
00:12:22,316 --> 00:12:27,586
And just when that web page appeared I lifted
my laptop into the air, and I looked at sue.
236
00:12:27,586 --> 00:12:29,856
I go I am on the Internet.
237
00:12:29,856 --> 00:12:35,306
And then I proceeded to run to every single
room of my house going to a different web page.
238
00:12:35,306 --> 00:12:40,196

And she could hear me throughout the whole

house going I am still on the Internet.
239
00:12:40,196 --> 00:12:41,206
You know, it was just one
240
00:12:41,206 --> 00:12:44,216
of those groundbreaking technologies
that changed the world.
241
00:12:44,366 --> 00:12:47,686
And then within a year, you now have
corporate executives going, you know,
242
00:12:47,686 --> 00:12:50,376
looking at [inaudible] what
do you mean it's not secure?
243
00:12:50,586 --> 00:12:51,716
We need our wireless.
244
00:12:51,716 --> 00:12:54,046
How do we function without wireless?
245
00:12:54,046 --> 00:12:56,796
It so quickly permeated the world.
246
00:12:56,936 --> 00:13:01,516
And it's funny without a modern security
standard that would even hold up to anything.
247
00:13:01,516 --> 00:13:04,206
I mean, wireless became a
huge security vulnerability,
248
00:13:04,206 --> 00:13:06,706
but nowadays has become quite secure.
249
00:13:07,066 --> 00:13:11,626
And allows you, I mean, in a nutshell
allows you to take your network to the air.
250
00:13:11,906 --> 00:13:18,606
If I want to expand my local area network into
areas where wireless devices such as laptops,
251
00:13:18,606 --> 00:13:20,166

iPhones, iPads, blub, blub, blub.

252
00:13:20,166 --> 00:13:25,336
You fill in the blank of what wireless device
you have that needs a virtual connection
253
00:13:25,666 --> 00:13:28,886
out here to the switch that's what
the wireless access points do.
254
00:13:29,216 --> 00:13:32,696
Now mind you, wireless is
a massive step backwards.
255
00:13:33,016 --> 00:13:37,606
Now, I'll talk about that when
we dissect wireless fully.
256
00:13:37,886 --> 00:13:41,266
But it is a big step backward from a switch.
257
00:13:41,566 --> 00:13:44,826
You know, if you can -- if you have a
choice, you know, you're sitting at your desk
258
00:13:44,826 --> 00:13:46,526
and you go, oh, look, there's a cable there.
259
00:13:46,836 --> 00:13:50,686
I could plug in my laptop,
or I could use the Wi-Fi.
260
00:13:51,056 --> 00:13:55,546
Chances are pretty good you're going to get a
better experience if you plug in your laptop.
261
00:13:55,776 --> 00:14:00,646
So still to this day, local area network
connections, wired connections, are far better.
262
00:14:01,296 --> 00:14:02,806
Now, we come down to the last piece.
263
00:14:02,806 --> 00:14:05,036
Of course the core of everything
clients and servers.
264

00:14:05,036 --> 00:14:11,836

You can -- it's like this all of this stuff is
one of those if you build it they will come.
265
00:14:11,836 --> 00:14:15,896
But if you just build all of this without
the clients and servers, you know,
266
00:14:16,176 --> 00:14:18,566
it's like can't live with
them; can't live without them.
267
00:14:18,566 --> 00:14:22,526
You know, you got to have users
and resources on your network.
268
00:14:22,526 --> 00:14:25,346
So clients and servers represented
by these kinds of icons.
269
00:14:25,346 --> 00:14:30,156
These are your post, your users
that are consumers of information.
270
00:14:30,626 --> 00:14:34,346
And then you have your servers which
are your storage of information.
271
00:14:36,046 --> 00:14:40,186
Now, you might have noticed on that last
slide I was starting to make the transition
272
00:14:40,186 --> 00:14:42,226
from the physical to the logical.
273
00:14:42,226 --> 00:14:45,006
On the left side of the slide
was all these physical devices.
274
00:14:45,006 --> 00:14:48,146
Like that's what a switch pretty
much looks like, a router looks like.
275
00:14:48,146 --> 00:14:49,126
You know, just kind of examples.
276
00:14:49,406 --> 00:14:51,456
But then I had a little arrow

kind of transitioning them

277
00:14:51,456 --> 00:14:53,556
into symbols that look like this.
278
00:14:53,556 --> 00:14:58,766
Usually when you're moving into the Cisco
world, you're in a world of logical thought.
279
00:14:58,866 --> 00:15:03,256
There's actually -- the deeper you
get into the Cisco world there's less
280
00:15:03,256 --> 00:15:05,646
and less physical stuff that you end up doing.
281
00:15:05,646 --> 00:15:09,946
And for most people, Cisco is not
the first IT career that they have.
282
00:15:09,946 --> 00:15:10,516
It could be.
283
00:15:10,516 --> 00:15:12,016
I'm not saying that's the rule.
284
00:15:12,016 --> 00:15:13,296
I'm just saying most of the time it's not.
285
00:15:13,296 --> 00:15:16,556
Most of the time people have worked in
Microsoft, you know, doing file shares
286
00:15:16,556 --> 00:15:20,216
and server maintenance and updates
and printer management and all that.
287
00:15:20,216 --> 00:15:21,566
And they go I think I'm ready for a change.
288
00:15:21,566 --> 00:15:22,966
So they kind of start learning networking.
289
00:15:22,966 --> 00:15:26,026
Or a lot of times a very common
way is people are doing cabling.

290
00:15:26,076 --> 00:15:31,486
You know, they are running network cable -if I could talk and write at the same time -291
00:15:31,716 --> 00:15:36,106
running network cable through walls
or a new building they're setting up.
292
00:15:36,106 --> 00:15:39,356
And, you know, doing all those hard
work and bending their fingernails back
293
00:15:39,356 --> 00:15:40,696
and crimping and all this kind of stuff.
294
00:15:40,696 --> 00:15:46,596
And they move and bring this network cable,
and it comes to a guy who's dressed pretty nice
295
00:15:46,596 --> 00:15:48,876
and doesn't have dirt under his fingernails.
296
00:15:48,876 --> 00:15:51,056
And he goes, oh, well, thank you.
297
00:15:51,056 --> 00:15:52,986
And takes that cable and plugs
it into the device and, you know,
298
00:15:52,986 --> 00:15:54,346
keeps typing away on his computer.
299
00:15:54,746 --> 00:15:57,186
And people go, oh, well, can I do that?
300
00:15:57,186 --> 00:16:00,426
You know, I'm kind of tired of,
you know, running all this cable.
301
00:16:00,546 --> 00:16:04,306
Not all the time, but that's
a common transition.
302
00:16:04,306 --> 00:16:10,466
So what I want to do is kind of really make that
bridge between the physical and the logical.

303
00:16:10,466 --> 00:16:13,226
So we're going to start seeing
network diagrams that look like this.
304
00:16:13,226 --> 00:16:17,886
Like this represents -- this would be a really
small office network that we would have.
305
00:16:17,886 --> 00:16:19,906
We've got over here one computer.
306
00:16:20,236 --> 00:16:22,906
One server and they're plugged
into a network switch.
307
00:16:23,706 --> 00:16:26,696
Now, I've got to make sure
that I match what the -308
00:16:26,696 --> 00:16:29,116
I mean, this is what you see on
network diagrams all the time.
309
00:16:29,116 --> 00:16:31,086
But there's so much represented in that line.
310
00:16:31,406 --> 00:16:34,156
Like over here this is where the
switch is actually installed.
311
00:16:34,156 --> 00:16:36,696
It's in a rack of equipment sometimes.
312
00:16:36,696 --> 00:16:38,546
You know, sometimes it's
sitting on top of a desk.
313
00:16:38,546 --> 00:16:41,026
Sometimes it's, you know, Velcroed to the wall.
314
00:16:41,026 --> 00:16:43,736
I've seen all kinds of crazy
stuff what people have done.
315
00:16:43,736 --> 00:16:47,586
But this is, you know, typical where
they have the switch mounted down here.

316
00:16:47,586 --> 00:16:50,296
Now notice all of these little ones.
317
00:16:50,296 --> 00:16:51,306
They look like switches.
318
00:16:51,306 --> 00:16:54,676
There's all kinds of cables plugged in,
but those are actually called patch panels.
319
00:16:54,896 --> 00:16:58,706
So you actually have all the cabling, not
shown here, that is run through the wall.
320
00:16:58,706 --> 00:17:02,066
You know, it's all running up here
in these nice, neat cable runs.
321
00:17:02,066 --> 00:17:07,786
That come into the back of this system, this
rack, and terminate into these patch panels
322
00:17:07,786 --> 00:17:10,016
which are literally just a patch.
323
00:17:10,016 --> 00:17:11,856
I mean, it's it comes in on the back.
324
00:17:11,856 --> 00:17:13,766
It looks like this on the back of them.
325
00:17:13,766 --> 00:17:15,836
And then on the front it
has a little network jack.
326
00:17:15,836 --> 00:17:16,926
That's all it is.
327
00:17:16,926 --> 00:17:19,286
It's a dumb device.
328
00:17:19,286 --> 00:17:20,486
There's no intelligence in it.
329
00:17:20,686 --> 00:17:24,586

And we take that and run the cables down, you

know, this must be another switch up here.
330
00:17:24,866 --> 00:17:28,016
But we run the cables down and
plug it into the switch itself.
331
00:17:28,016 --> 00:17:31,506
And you might say, well, couldn't you
just take the cables from the wall
332
00:17:31,506 --> 00:17:33,046
and plug them straight into the switch?
333
00:17:33,046 --> 00:17:34,386
Do we need this patch panel?
334
00:17:34,946 --> 00:17:37,126
You could plug it into the
switch and that will work.
335
00:17:37,126 --> 00:17:41,266
But using a patch panel gives you a
lot more flexibility and mobility.
336
00:17:41,266 --> 00:17:45,116
Like for instance, I go, oh, man, I
need to squeeze a device in right here.
337
00:17:45,326 --> 00:17:49,546
Well, you know, all this cable maybe, you
know, cut right at the edge and, you know,
338
00:17:49,546 --> 00:17:51,846
there's no -- I can't pull
anymore out of the ceiling.
339
00:17:52,116 --> 00:17:56,156
So by putting it into a patch panel I now
can use these little jumpers to stretch it.
340
00:17:56,156 --> 00:17:58,666
You can see -- like these are
little short jumpers right here.
341
00:17:58,896 --> 00:18:03,136
But down here we stretch some nice long network
cables -- got a little messy right there.

342
00:18:03,136 --> 00:18:06,726
It would not pass my inspection
-- into this switch.
343
00:18:06,726 --> 00:18:10,226
And bundled them all, you know,
connected them all into that.
344
00:18:10,226 --> 00:18:12,406
So it gives us a little more
flexibility with where we go.
345
00:18:12,406 --> 00:18:16,806
Now, so that's, you know, this
is where this device is stored.
346
00:18:16,806 --> 00:18:19,666
But if you take that and follow
this, you know, one of those cables
347
00:18:19,666 --> 00:18:22,956
through the ceiling it actually
comes into the drywall
348
00:18:22,956 --> 00:18:25,086
and then comes into the back of play here.
349
00:18:25,086 --> 00:18:29,596
And there's just a, you know, a
network jack which takes that play puts
350
00:18:29,596 --> 00:18:33,696
into the wall makes it look nice and flush and
pretty where I can plug in my network cable.
351
00:18:33,696 --> 00:18:37,076
And I take a patch cable,
that's often what we see here,
352
00:18:37,076 --> 00:18:39,946
and then plug it into the
back of my network device.
353
00:18:39,946 --> 00:18:41,866
And now that device has -- this is kind
354

00:18:41,866 --> 00:18:44,316

of like my little flow chart
-- has network connectivity.
355
00:18:44,316 --> 00:18:46,436
So this is my computer that I'm plugging into.
356
00:18:46,746 --> 00:18:49,176
Side note completely, just popped in my head.
357
00:18:49,486 --> 00:18:51,296
Where do you get this network cable?
358
00:18:51,296 --> 00:18:53,496
Do you make these yourself?
359
00:18:53,596 --> 00:18:54,806
Do you buy them?
360
00:18:55,156 --> 00:18:59,066
I would say nowadays it's
probably best to buy them.
361
00:18:59,066 --> 00:19:03,156
And let me -- I'll just throw out,
you know, this is bonus material here.
362
00:19:03,426 --> 00:19:07,926
One that I use all the time monoprice.com.
363
00:19:08,186 --> 00:19:10,006
Good grief this company is amazing.
364
00:19:10,006 --> 00:19:10,986
Based out of California.
365
00:19:10,986 --> 00:19:15,166
They're amazing because I live in Arizona
which is right next to California.
366
00:19:15,166 --> 00:19:18,536
And they just have every color,
shape, and size, you know.
367
00:19:18,796 --> 00:19:20,096
Half foot, you know.

368
00:19:20,096 --> 00:19:22,146
You could get pink cables.
369
00:19:22,966 --> 00:19:24,606
Goodness. One foot, you know.
370
00:19:24,606 --> 00:19:25,866
You come down two foot.
371
00:19:25,866 --> 00:19:28,716
And essentially the more that you buy -and these prices first off are phenomenal.
372
00:19:28,716 --> 00:19:30,406
I went to Fry's Electrons just the other day.
373
00:19:30,696 --> 00:19:31,816
I paid -- what did I pay?
374
00:19:32,036 --> 00:19:32,946
Because I needed them.
375
00:19:32,946 --> 00:19:35,656
A seven-foot cable cost me six ninety-nine.
376
00:19:35,916 --> 00:19:38,486
Like, good grief, that is painful.
377
00:19:38,486 --> 00:19:40,986
But, you know, through monoprice
you can get them really cheap.
378
00:19:40,986 --> 00:19:45,126
So not a commercial for them just saying that
there is an alternate way than just going
379
00:19:45,126 --> 00:19:48,686
to a retail store and forking
over a mortgage for this.
380
00:19:48,686 --> 00:19:52,196
I would recommend buying prebuilt
cables rather than making your own.
381
00:19:52,406 --> 00:19:54,976
Number one, there's a huge time savings in that.

382
00:19:54,976 --> 00:19:57,716
You know, kind of the time money trade-off.
383
00:19:57,716 --> 00:20:00,116
But also there are people that have equipment
384
00:20:00,426 --> 00:20:02,976
that make these things professionally
and test them professionally.
385
00:20:03,146 --> 00:20:09,466
That will always beat a human hand moving these
little, you know, eight pins into the cable
386
00:20:09,466 --> 00:20:12,346
and trying -- twisted got it, okay.
387
00:20:12,346 --> 00:20:14,706
You're always going to get
a better, more reliable,
388
00:20:14,706 --> 00:20:19,086
cable from a machine built
system than making them yourself.
389
00:20:19,086 --> 00:20:23,436
So that's the physical side of it.
390
00:20:23,436 --> 00:20:26,826
Now all of that, you know, this little
flow chart right here is represented
391
00:20:26,826 --> 00:20:29,126
in this little 90 degree angle line.
392
00:20:29,186 --> 00:20:31,156
That's really what's going on behind the scenes.
393
00:20:31,156 --> 00:20:34,136
Now that switch eventually connects to a router.
394
00:20:34,136 --> 00:20:36,506
Most of the time it's going to
be sitting in that same rack.
395

00:20:36,506 --> 00:20:37,696

Maybe it's mounted right here.
396
00:20:38,036 --> 00:20:42,596
And that router has a wall jack here from
the Internet service router that is coming
397
00:20:42,596 --> 00:20:46,476
in that delivers the Internet connection,
again, being that dividing line.
398
00:20:46,476 --> 00:20:50,206
Taking data that needs to go to the
Internet and sending it out there,
399
00:20:50,476 --> 00:20:54,136
but the stuff that is supposed to
stay on the local area network that's
400
00:20:54,136 --> 00:20:56,246
where this guy becomes the wall and blocks it.
401
00:20:56,246 --> 00:20:59,826
It blocks the stuff that's supposed to stay
on the Internet, protects it right here.
402
00:20:59,986 --> 00:21:02,786
And blocks the stuff that's supposed stay
on your land and protects it right here.
403
00:21:02,996 --> 00:21:06,786
Only allows the stuff that's supposed
to go between these two between them.
404
00:21:07,776 --> 00:21:13,486
The deeper you get into the Cisco world, the
less and less and physical representations
405
00:21:13,486 --> 00:21:15,756
of things that you'll see and
the more and more logical.
406
00:21:15,936 --> 00:21:19,666
When you get to the point
that Cisco is all you do,
407
00:21:19,666 --> 00:21:22,596
a lot of times you're just

looking at network diagrams.

408
00:21:22,596 --> 00:21:26,456
And accessing devices that you'll
never see or physically touch.
409
00:21:26,456 --> 00:21:28,866
They're somewhere elsewhere in the world.
410
00:21:29,046 --> 00:21:32,836
You're just managing them and
monitoring them on a remote basis.
411
00:21:32,836 --> 00:21:35,726
So less and less physical,
more and more logical.
412
00:21:35,726 --> 00:21:40,416
And yet this early on in the series I find
it hugely valuable to a say, well, you know,
413
00:21:40,416 --> 00:21:42,576
I don't know want to have a
disconnect when people say, oh,
414
00:21:42,576 --> 00:21:44,126
well it looks like there's a line there.
415
00:21:44,266 --> 00:21:48,376
Well, this line is oftentimes
represented by an Ethernet cable.
416
00:21:48,626 --> 00:21:52,906
And that's one of the most common types of
cables that we'll see connecting our clients.
417
00:21:52,906 --> 00:21:54,986
And most of the time even today our servers.
418
00:21:55,516 --> 00:21:59,886
You'll see all kinds of different standards of
Ethernet cable, you know, from the old days.
419
00:21:59,886 --> 00:22:06,766
CAT3, you know, as it progressed into
nowadays we have category 5E and category 6.
420

00:22:06,766 --> 00:22:10,836

And as we're increasing the standards, we're
just moving up in quality levels of this cable.
421
00:22:10,836 --> 00:22:12,626
Remember I went back to what is a network?
422
00:22:12,626 --> 00:22:14,556
It's just faster and faster
and better and better.
423
00:22:14,556 --> 00:22:18,086
If you took a razor blade and
stripped all the shielding off,
424
00:22:18,086 --> 00:22:20,356
you'd find the [inaudible]
individual wires inside of there
425
00:22:20,356 --> 00:22:24,346
that as these categories move further
you just see them getting tighter
426
00:22:24,346 --> 00:22:26,906
and tighter and twisted more interwoven.
427
00:22:26,906 --> 00:22:31,126
Because the tighter you twist these
guys, the better protection you get
428
00:22:31,126 --> 00:22:33,176
from electromagnetic interference.
429
00:22:33,176 --> 00:22:37,786
It's kind of like as you send data
down this and it kind of spins the data
430
00:22:38,096 --> 00:22:44,636
over that wire it creates a little
electromagnetic physical shield -431
00:22:44,906 --> 00:22:46,246
I shouldn't say physical shield.
432
00:22:46,246 --> 00:22:47,086
You can't touch it.
433

00:22:47,086 --> 00:22:50,496

But it's like a protection from interference.
434
00:22:50,496 --> 00:22:52,606
One of the best things you can do
435
00:22:52,606 --> 00:22:55,286
to destroy your network is create
your own cable to no standard.
436
00:22:55,286 --> 00:23:00,986
Like, you just -- you say, okay, I want
red and blue, and, you know, green.
437
00:23:00,986 --> 00:23:03,166
I'll just put them in whatever order I want.
438
00:23:03,166 --> 00:23:04,656
And then match that order on the other end.
439
00:23:04,846 --> 00:23:07,116
Well, you're not going to get the
correct spinning, if you will.
440
00:23:07,116 --> 00:23:08,216
You're not going to get the correct field.
441
00:23:08,216 --> 00:23:13,676
And you'll never get the length that a cable
should be which is a 100 meters of distance.
442
00:23:14,116 --> 00:23:21,866
Now in recent times, [inaudible] recent being
the last decade, we've started to see new ways
443
00:23:21,866 --> 00:23:23,906
of communicating with fiber optic cable.
444
00:23:24,146 --> 00:23:30,276
Where instead of sending electric signals, we're
sending light waves, which are way less prone
445
00:23:30,276 --> 00:23:33,496
to interference and can travel a lot further.
446
00:23:33,496 --> 00:23:37,136
Instead of, you know, looking at 100 meters,

you can start getting into the different kinds

447
00:23:37,136 --> 00:23:40,776
of fiber like single mode fiber which
is a glass tube inside of there.
448
00:23:40,776 --> 00:23:43,906
And you can get into the miles before
you have to regenerate the signal.
449
00:23:43,906 --> 00:23:45,886
And then you can regenerate it
from miles and miles and miles.
450
00:23:45,886 --> 00:23:51,056
I mean, hundreds of miles these cables can
go with regeneration of these light signals.
451
00:23:51,056 --> 00:23:54,736
And also, the bandwidth that can
be contained on these cables.
452
00:23:54,786 --> 00:23:58,816
You know, it's still almost in theory, like,
how many different ways can we bend light
453
00:23:59,106 --> 00:24:00,986
to get more bandwidth out of these cables.
454
00:24:00,986 --> 00:24:05,306
So we're starting to see these kind of
connections primarily between switches
455
00:24:05,306 --> 00:24:08,556
where you have, you know, long
distances between these guys.
456
00:24:08,556 --> 00:24:15,086
And also you have, you know, potentially, you
know, 20, 40, 100 different devices connecting
457
00:24:15,086 --> 00:24:17,626
over here that are sending
all their traffic over here
458
00:24:17,626 --> 00:24:19,436
where you need this high bandwidth connection.

459
00:24:19,806 --> 00:24:23,126
We're also starting to see fiber optic
connections even for the servers.
460
00:24:23,126 --> 00:24:25,866
Where, you know, not so much distance wise
461
00:24:25,866 --> 00:24:31,246
but bandwidth wise these servers need
a much higher capacity to communicate
462
00:24:31,246 --> 00:24:33,406
on the networks so we see fiber optic cables.
463
00:24:33,406 --> 00:24:36,176
Now, I'm bringing this guy out.
464
00:24:36,176 --> 00:24:37,246
You go, ooh, that's look old.
465
00:24:37,246 --> 00:24:42,776
It is. Serial cables are still used in some
places to bring up the Internet connection.
466
00:24:42,856 --> 00:24:46,126
Like the service provider comes
in, you know, here's the wall jack.
467
00:24:46,126 --> 00:24:51,806
They bring in a wall jack right here, and
you connect it to a device call a CSU/DSU,
468
00:24:52,916 --> 00:24:55,686
which is really just a cable translator.
469
00:24:55,686 --> 00:24:59,516
It comes in on one type and comes out
on another which is the serial cable.
470
00:24:59,516 --> 00:25:03,906
Now, these are now considered old school
starting to show up in museums however,
471
00:25:04,166 --> 00:25:07,006
you will still see serial
ports all over the place.

472
00:25:07,006 --> 00:25:10,356
I mean, T1 line those kind
of terms typically come
473
00:25:10,356 --> 00:25:12,426
in when you're talking about serial technology.
474
00:25:12,426 --> 00:25:18,506
So serial is still alive and well, however,
we're seeing a massive move of serial technology
475
00:25:18,506 --> 00:25:23,836
over to Ethernet where everything is now
being delivered using Ethernet technology.
476
00:25:23,836 --> 00:25:27,346
You know, and maybe it comes in on
fiber over here, fiber optic cable,
477
00:25:27,346 --> 00:25:31,486
but they've got a little transceiver a little
box that converts it from a fiber optic cable
478
00:25:31,486 --> 00:25:33,236
into Ethernet and brings it in there.
479
00:25:33,236 --> 00:25:35,636
I mean, you look at your home connection, right?
480
00:25:35,636 --> 00:25:41,066
You probably have, if you have high speed
Internet you may be have a cable modem or DSL,
481
00:25:41,066 --> 00:25:47,396
which is taking a phone line or a coax cable on
this side and translating it over to Ethernet
482
00:25:47,396 --> 00:25:50,406
on the other side which you would plug
into, you know, whatever you have at home,
483
00:25:50,406 --> 00:25:52,716
your computer our your [inaudible] device.
484
00:25:52,716 --> 00:25:55,236
So that's the physical cabling that we see.

485
00:25:55,576 --> 00:25:59,796
The last thing I want to talk about
here is now how fast does it go?
486
00:25:59,796 --> 00:26:03,506
And how do I really correlate
that into something meaningful?
487
00:26:04,336 --> 00:26:09,776
Well, let me clear this off and talk about
space and storage on our computers and servers.
488
00:26:09,776 --> 00:26:13,166
Because understanding that is the key to
understanding how long it takes to get
489
00:26:13,166 --> 00:26:15,066
that over the network, the speed of it.
490
00:26:15,186 --> 00:26:20,546
So most of what we do nowadays
is in terms of bytes
491
00:26:20,546 --> 00:26:22,636
like that's the fundamental building blocks.
492
00:26:22,636 --> 00:26:26,216
We've heard terms like, you know, like
megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte, you know.
493
00:26:26,216 --> 00:26:29,846
These are hard drive storage
sizes and things like that.
494
00:26:30,086 --> 00:26:34,536
But break it down to its foundation
it's at a byte which if you were to put
495
00:26:34,536 --> 00:26:38,786
that into something practical, you
could think of a byte as one character.
496
00:26:38,786 --> 00:26:40,486
I'm going to open notepad.
497
00:26:40,486 --> 00:26:44,086
Let's say I type in J. That

is one byte of information.

498
00:26:44,086 --> 00:26:45,686
I'll put my name there, Jeromy.
499
00:26:45,686 --> 00:26:48,186
That's six bytes of information, six characters.
500
00:26:48,186 --> 00:26:52,686
Now this is just roughly, you know,
something that we can say tangibly that it is.
501
00:26:52,686 --> 00:26:55,806
I'm not talking about, you know, for
instance you go into Word and you format it.
502
00:26:55,806 --> 00:26:59,306
You put bold and, I mean, it's
going to have, like, 90 kilobytes.
503
00:26:59,306 --> 00:27:03,406
You know, but at its root a character is a byte.
504
00:27:03,496 --> 00:27:04,726
So let's just think of that.
505
00:27:04,726 --> 00:27:05,976
A byte equals one character.
506
00:27:07,036 --> 00:27:11,186
So a kilobyte is just like meter and kilometer.
507
00:27:11,186 --> 00:27:14,656
A kilobyte is a thousand characters.
508
00:27:14,656 --> 00:27:19,076
Technically it's a 1,024 that's
the increment that they use.
509
00:27:19,076 --> 00:27:25,536
So think of a kilobyte as one page of
information without the margins full of text.
510
00:27:25,766 --> 00:27:27,636
That's a kilobyte of information.
511

00:27:27,846 --> 00:27:31,006

So we take that further and we
follow the scale the whole way down.
512
00:27:31,346 --> 00:27:34,746
A 1,024 kilobytes equals a megabyte.
513
00:27:34,746 --> 00:27:38,276
And now you have to be in the dark ages
not to have heard of a megabyte before.
514
00:27:38,276 --> 00:27:40,236
You're like, oh, oh, okay,
that's like memory on a computer.
515
00:27:40,236 --> 00:27:41,226
Well, I guess.
516
00:27:41,486 --> 00:27:42,226
Everything grows.
517
00:27:42,226 --> 00:27:42,976
It used to be.
518
00:27:42,976 --> 00:27:45,256
Now everybody's like gigabytes on a computer.
519
00:27:45,256 --> 00:27:46,716
And you see how this works.
520
00:27:46,716 --> 00:27:51,336
So think of a megabyte as like a long
book with no margins a 1,024 pages long.
521
00:27:51,336 --> 00:27:56,266
So then we move into gigabyte and
this game goes on and on and on.
522
00:27:56,266 --> 00:27:58,516
And, I mean, there are -- I put
dot, dot ,dot because you'll get
523
00:27:58,516 --> 00:28:01,436
into the petabyte, exabyte, yottabyte, zetabyte.
524
00:28:01,436 --> 00:28:05,426
I mean, it's just insane the values

that they've come up with for storage.

525
00:28:05,656 --> 00:28:09,826
And it's insane how low cost
and disposable it is.
526
00:28:09,826 --> 00:28:16,196
I mean, I remember teaching in my early days
Microsoft Internet Information Server 3.0 -527
00:28:16,256 --> 00:28:17,076
killer product there.
528
00:28:17,376 --> 00:28:21,676
Probably responsible for 90 percent of the
hacking success on Microsoft's systems.
529
00:28:21,676 --> 00:28:24,016
But nonetheless, I remember teaching that class.
530
00:28:24,016 --> 00:28:26,826
And I said, guys, this is a monumental day.
531
00:28:26,826 --> 00:28:30,106
Microsoft has released the TerraServer.
532
00:28:30,106 --> 00:28:32,326
And I said it with a whisper in my voice.
533
00:28:32,636 --> 00:28:38,876
Which it was Microsoft's first website
that had a terabyte worth of space.
534
00:28:38,876 --> 00:28:41,466
It was maps of essentially the world.
535
00:28:41,466 --> 00:28:45,246
Detailed maps that consumed a terabyte
[inaudible] we're all, a terabyte.
536
00:28:45,246 --> 00:28:50,146
I mean, oh, you know, 90 bucks
a 3 terabyte drive as far
537
00:28:50,146 --> 00:28:51,536
as electronics on sale or something.

538
00:28:51,536 --> 00:28:54,376
I mean, it's just insane the
amount of space that we have.
539
00:28:54,376 --> 00:28:56,926
So this is all storage space, right?
540
00:28:58,056 --> 00:28:59,926
Now, let's talk about the network.
541
00:29:00,256 --> 00:29:05,576
The network actually works and
transmits in a value smaller than a byte.
542
00:29:06,896 --> 00:29:08,836
Now you might say how do you
go lower than a character.
543
00:29:08,836 --> 00:29:10,106
Well, that's where the bit comes in.
544
00:29:10,106 --> 00:29:15,456
And messes up everything because
everything's a 1,024 except for the bit.
545
00:29:15,516 --> 00:29:16,996
There's actually 8 bits.
546
00:29:16,996 --> 00:29:18,426
It messes up the whole scheme here.
547
00:29:18,666 --> 00:29:20,276
Eight bits in a byte.
548
00:29:20,766 --> 00:29:22,646
You might think, well, how do
you get smaller than a character?
549
00:29:22,866 --> 00:29:27,576
Well, you go to the very root
and essence of computing.
550
00:29:28,116 --> 00:29:30,966
A bit is an on or an off.
551
00:29:31,646 --> 00:29:32,786

A 0 or a 1.
552
00:29:32,786 --> 00:29:34,276
And actually I said that backwards.
553
00:29:34,276 --> 00:29:35,046
An off or an on.
554
00:29:35,046 --> 00:29:36,566
A 0 is off, 1 is on.
555
00:29:36,916 --> 00:29:42,636
And that's, I mean, that's the -- you go back to
people who created computer programs in the 60s.
556
00:29:42,636 --> 00:29:46,126
And they were created on punch cards
that they would feed into computers.
557
00:29:46,126 --> 00:29:48,616
And they would look at the, you know,
kind of hanging chads, you know,
558
00:29:48,616 --> 00:29:50,206
what was punched out and what wasn't there.
559
00:29:50,586 --> 00:29:56,526
And, you know, fast forward nearly 50 years
and here we have, you know, Windows 8 and iPads
560
00:29:56,526 --> 00:29:58,236
and all this gloss and prettiness.
561
00:29:58,236 --> 00:29:58,846
But you know what?
562
00:29:59,286 --> 00:30:02,976
Behind all the prettiness is 0s and 1s.
563
00:30:03,306 --> 00:30:06,916
We've just found a way to transmit
these and process those really fast
564
00:30:06,916 --> 00:30:09,306
which gives us all the glossy,
you know, backgrounds

565
00:30:09,306 --> 00:30:10,856
and everything else that we have nowadays.
566
00:30:10,856 --> 00:30:12,976
Now, coming back to the network.
567
00:30:13,336 --> 00:30:17,476
The network handles speed
in terms of bits per second.
568
00:30:17,836 --> 00:30:19,486
Not bytes per second [brief laughter].
569
00:30:19,876 --> 00:30:24,556
I remember my dad a few years ago called me up.
570
00:30:24,556 --> 00:30:28,296
He's, like, Jer, [assumed spelling]
Cox Communications just upgraded me
571
00:30:28,296 --> 00:30:30,506
to a 10 megabyte per second connection.
572
00:30:30,506 --> 00:30:33,416
And I was like, ah, no way!
573
00:30:33,416 --> 00:30:34,516
I just freaked out on him.
574
00:30:34,516 --> 00:30:36,196
I'm, like, Dad, that's amazing.
575
00:30:36,196 --> 00:30:37,686
A 10 -- are you serious?
576
00:30:37,686 --> 00:30:39,796
Like 10 -- like, I'm coming
over to your house right now.
577
00:30:39,796 --> 00:30:41,066
And, you know, he's like, okay.
578
00:30:41,616 --> 00:30:45,276
Okay. What did I say, what did I say wrong?
579

00:30:45,276 --> 00:30:50,236

[inaudible] like, Dad, it's not a 10 megabyte
per second, it's a 10 megabit per second.
580
00:30:50,236 --> 00:30:52,396
Because network is always in bits per second.
581
00:30:52,396 --> 00:30:58,686
If it was a 10 megabyte, big B, per second
connection, then I'd have to multiple that by 80
582
00:30:58,686 --> 00:31:05,546
which is an 80 megabit per second
connection that he would get,
583
00:31:06,576 --> 00:31:09,016
which years ago when he called
me was just unheard of.
584
00:31:09,016 --> 00:31:11,056
I mean, now days it's kind of,
like, oh, this bits pretty good.
585
00:31:11,056 --> 00:31:16,376
I mean, it's just amazing that
speed has progressed so far.
586
00:31:16,376 --> 00:31:21,866
So -- and I would say it's not -- I
mean, if you've done things like that.
587
00:31:21,866 --> 00:31:25,336
If you've called things like megabytes per
second, you know, it's kind of like [inaudible].
588
00:31:25,336 --> 00:31:28,706
Don't -- I can totally see
why the confusion is there.
589
00:31:28,706 --> 00:31:30,606
Because if you go on any web browser,
590
00:31:30,606 --> 00:31:34,256
and I think Internet Explorer
was the first one to do this.
591
00:31:34,466 --> 00:31:36,886
And let's say you go download a file.

592
00:31:37,256 --> 00:31:39,696
Let's [brief laughter] they're
like, who uses Internet Explorer.
593
00:31:39,696 --> 00:31:42,296
So let's say I want to go
download Firefox, right?
594
00:31:42,846 --> 00:31:44,886
And I say, okay, I want to
download -- let's see.
595
00:31:44,886 --> 00:31:46,546
Let's go to Firefox downloads.
596
00:31:46,546 --> 00:31:50,286
So I look right here, and it
comes up and says, okay, 16.9.
597
00:31:50,286 --> 00:31:51,386
Let's go ahead and save that.
598
00:31:51,626 --> 00:31:54,456
And you can -- come on give me -- there we go.
599
00:31:54,456 --> 00:31:55,266
You see that right there?
600
00:31:55,266 --> 00:32:00,656
1.34 megabytes per second, and
therein lies the confusion.
601
00:32:00,656 --> 00:32:04,896
Is Internet Explorer shows
the transfer rate in a way
602
00:32:04,896 --> 00:32:07,216
that the network wasn't really
meant to transfer.
603
00:32:07,216 --> 00:32:08,676
I mean, I guess, you could say it that way.
604
00:32:08,676 --> 00:32:10,076
But it's in megabytes per second.

605
00:32:10,076 --> 00:32:13,236
And that's I'm sure led to
a thousand support calls
606
00:32:13,236 --> 00:32:15,766
for Internet service routers
everywhere who, you know,
607
00:32:15,766 --> 00:32:19,596
someone signed up for a 10 megabit per
second connection and they're, like, man,
608
00:32:19,596 --> 00:32:22,376
I'm only getting transfer rates
of, like, one and a half or two.
609
00:32:22,376 --> 00:32:25,786
I thought you guys told me -you know, fill in the blank.
610
00:32:25,786 --> 00:32:28,566
And actually if they got two
megabytes per second that would -611
00:32:29,006 --> 00:32:30,146
they'd be getting more than they paid for.
612
00:32:30,376 --> 00:32:31,476
So you get the idea.
613
00:32:31,476 --> 00:32:33,156
There's just this big confusion.
614
00:32:33,156 --> 00:32:34,946
So what are the network speeds?
615
00:32:35,246 --> 00:32:40,096
Well, originally Ethernet, many moons
ago, was 10 megabits per second.
616
00:32:41,196 --> 00:32:45,766
Around the turn of the Century we saw
that progress to 100 megabits per second.
617
00:32:46,406 --> 00:32:50,456
And within I would say the last
five, six years we've started

618
00:32:50,456 --> 00:32:53,636
to see a 1,000 megabits per second.
619
00:32:53,636 --> 00:32:55,366
Now, what's the most popular?
620
00:32:55,636 --> 00:32:59,426
Still probably to this day it's this
guy, but those tides are changing.
621
00:32:59,636 --> 00:33:04,526
I mean, when I first recorded
[inaudible] years ago for CBT nuggets.
622
00:33:04,526 --> 00:33:05,996
I mean I was kind of like, yeah, gigabit.
623
00:33:06,106 --> 00:33:06,976
Who needs it.
624
00:33:06,976 --> 00:33:09,066
I mean, why would you need that kind of speed.
625
00:33:09,066 --> 00:33:10,536
That's the kind of language I was using.
626
00:33:10,776 --> 00:33:16,226
And nowadays, I mean, since then we now have
every device shipping with gigabit connectors,
627
00:33:16,226 --> 00:33:19,626
you know, as switches are being -- I mean,
it's just time -- time has progressed.
628
00:33:19,626 --> 00:33:22,156
And now we're seeing really
I would say -- I don't know.
629
00:33:22,156 --> 00:33:24,856
I'd say maybe it's a 50/50 split to where
630
00:33:24,856 --> 00:33:28,766
to the desktop you have 100 megs
some places; gigabit other places.
631

00:33:28,766 --> 00:33:29,716

But there's a lot of speed.
632
00:33:29,716 --> 00:33:32,096
But, I mean, we have faster speeds as well.
633
00:33:32,096 --> 00:33:34,936
We have, you know, 10,000
megabits per [inaudible].
634
00:33:35,146 --> 00:33:38,086
I'm saying megabits per second but
as soon as you go here, I mean,
635
00:33:38,086 --> 00:33:41,126
you usually start talking in
terms of gigabit per second.
636
00:33:41,126 --> 00:33:42,526
Or 10 gigabit per second.
637
00:33:42,526 --> 00:33:46,876
You don't usually hear people say I've got
a 10,000 megabit per second connection.
638
00:33:47,266 --> 00:33:52,226
And you know right now we're
around 40,000 megabits per second.
639
00:33:52,226 --> 00:33:56,856
Or you know 40 gigabits per second
is the current standardized version,
640
00:33:56,856 --> 00:33:59,016
although there's faster that
are in proposed standard.
641
00:33:59,016 --> 00:34:01,706
I mean, it just keeps going nonstop.
642
00:34:02,106 --> 00:34:03,886
It just -- progresses is happening.
643
00:34:03,886 --> 00:34:06,026
So what do I do with this?
644
00:34:06,026 --> 00:34:08,816

I mean -- and so how do I practically use this.

645
00:34:08,816 --> 00:34:11,476
Okay. Well, let's go to a
just a practical scenario.
646
00:34:11,476 --> 00:34:17,146
You've got a really high resolution, you know,
SLR camera that took a picture of your family
647
00:34:17,146 --> 00:34:18,816
and you stored it on your computer right here.
648
00:34:19,146 --> 00:34:21,506
Maybe that file is 10 megabytes in size.
649
00:34:21,576 --> 00:34:23,446
That's really a good high resolution picture.
650
00:34:24,676 --> 00:34:26,426
Although I know some of you
photographers are, like,
651
00:34:26,426 --> 00:34:28,626
I can do better than that, you know, bigger.
652
00:34:28,936 --> 00:34:30,586
But let's say you've got that file.
653
00:34:30,716 --> 00:34:32,256
And I want to store that on the server.
654
00:34:32,576 --> 00:34:34,306
Well, it's just a quick formula.
655
00:34:34,306 --> 00:34:34,856
A quick math.
656
00:34:34,856 --> 00:34:37,496
You have to say, okay, well,
that's 10 megabytes.
657
00:34:37,496 --> 00:34:42,746
Well, let's say I have 100 megabit per
second connection what does that work out to?
658

00:34:42,746 --> 00:34:43,886

You know, bust out the calculator.
659
00:34:43,886 --> 00:34:44,416
And you go, okay.
660
00:34:44,416 --> 00:34:46,706
Like you need a calculator for this, right?
661
00:34:46,856 --> 00:34:48,736
Okay. 80 or [inaudible].
662
00:34:48,936 --> 00:34:50,346
I guess if you're me you do.
663
00:34:50,646 --> 00:34:55,966
10 times 8 because I know that
there's 8 bits in a byte is 80, right?
664
00:34:55,966 --> 00:34:56,966
So I've got that.
665
00:34:56,966 --> 00:35:02,906
So really I'm looking at a file that is
-- not 10 -- but 80 megabits in size.
666
00:35:03,116 --> 00:35:06,456
So if I have a 100 megabit per second
connection, it's going to take probably just
667
00:35:06,456 --> 00:35:10,626
under a second to transfer and
store that file on the server.
668
00:35:10,806 --> 00:35:15,606
Now that being said, that's you know, theory,
you know, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah.
669
00:35:15,606 --> 00:35:19,196
I say that just because,
you know, when we send files
670
00:35:19,196 --> 00:35:21,886
across the network here's
your 10 megabit file, right?
671
00:35:22,396 --> 00:35:24,426

Your computer busts out a Ginsu knife

672
00:35:24,426 --> 00:35:28,336
and is like [sound effects] chops
it in all these little packets.
673
00:35:28,796 --> 00:35:36,526
Which the current common well-known
packet size is about 1500 bites in size.
674
00:35:36,526 --> 00:35:42,276
So you take your 10 megabyte file and chop it
into a bunch of little, you know, 1.5 kilobyte
675
00:35:42,276 --> 00:35:46,456
or 1500 byte size, little byte
size packets and send those.
676
00:35:46,456 --> 00:35:50,916
And each one of those is going to have some
header data, like, here's where it came from,
677
00:35:50,916 --> 00:35:53,966
the source; here's where it's
going, the destination; port number.
678
00:35:53,966 --> 00:35:56,316
I mean, there's all kinds of
overhead associated with that.
679
00:35:56,316 --> 00:36:02,106
So I would say you're probably, even though,
yes I have 100 megabit per second connection,
680
00:36:02,306 --> 00:36:05,096
you're probably going to only see,
you know with all the overhead,
681
00:36:05,096 --> 00:36:08,206
maybe I would say 80 megabit per second.
682
00:36:08,206 --> 00:36:10,216
Again, just don't quote me on these numbers.
683
00:36:10,216 --> 00:36:13,476
Just rough guesstimate because of the
overhead that you're going to get.

684
00:36:13,476 --> 00:36:15,866
So, you know, we're still at about a second.
685
00:36:15,866 --> 00:36:16,916
You see how that works.
686
00:36:16,916 --> 00:36:19,826
So, I mean, a 10 megabyte
file is like a picture.
687
00:36:19,826 --> 00:36:24,616
You could take this and say, oh, I've got my
MP3 music collection of uncopyrighted, you know,
688
00:36:24,616 --> 00:36:26,586
music I've downloaded from legal sources.
689
00:36:26,826 --> 00:36:29,896
And I want to transfer that
uncopyrighted collection off.
690
00:36:29,896 --> 00:36:31,546
I mean, so you can do that math.
691
00:36:31,546 --> 00:36:34,776
You can start saying, okay,
well, if I have [inaudible].
692
00:36:34,776 --> 00:36:42,086
Let's say I got a 1.5 gigabyte
in size legal music collection.
693
00:36:42,466 --> 00:36:48,356
Well, the first thing I would do is say, well,
okay, that's 1500 megabytes in size, right?
694
00:36:48,356 --> 00:36:53,286
Times 8 because I need to figure out in
megabits per second how that's going to work.
695
00:36:53,286 --> 00:36:57,316
So, I know, I know, you can probably
do it in your head, but I'm talking.
696
00:36:57,316 --> 00:37:00,346
It's hard to talk and do math at the same time.

697
00:37:00,346 --> 00:37:01,826
So 1500 times 8.
698
00:37:01,826 --> 00:37:09,986
So I've got 12,000 megabits in
data that I want to transfer.
699
00:37:09,986 --> 00:37:12,456
So I'm going to say, okay, well,
if I have a 100, again, theory.
700
00:37:12,656 --> 00:37:17,416
A 100 megabit per second connection where
I was really getting 100 megabit percent
701
00:37:17,416 --> 00:37:17,966
of throughput.
702
00:37:17,966 --> 00:37:21,666
I mean you could divide it by 80 like my rough
estimate and get a more realistic number.
703
00:37:21,666 --> 00:37:24,636
But let's just say in theory
divide that guy by 100.
704
00:37:24,636 --> 00:37:29,626
And I'd say, okay, well, it's going to take
about two minutes of copying to transfer
705
00:37:29,626 --> 00:37:31,406
on a 100 megabit per second connection.
706
00:37:31,656 --> 00:37:38,676
My 1.5 gigabyte file over to
the server, again, in theory.
707
00:37:39,026 --> 00:37:40,026
So does that make sense?
708
00:37:40,026 --> 00:37:44,646
So when we're really working with the network
always be thinking in terms of bits per second.
709
00:37:44,906 --> 00:37:47,686
And always having that mental
shift of saying, okay, well,

710
00:37:47,846 --> 00:37:51,396
if I'm talking about a file transfer
that's likely going to be converting
711
00:37:51,396 --> 00:37:54,476
from bytes per second down to bits per second.
712
00:37:55,836 --> 00:38:00,876
Man, I wish I could be where you are right now.
713
00:38:01,006 --> 00:38:05,026
This is the first nugget that
I have recorded in this series.
714
00:38:05,026 --> 00:38:10,326
And I am, like, you know, for me
I've been doing networking for close
715
00:38:10,326 --> 00:38:14,076
to 15 years now of just working, with it.
716
00:38:14,076 --> 00:38:16,946
So when I'm talking I'm, like, you know,
this stuff -- oh, yeah, I've done this.
717
00:38:16,946 --> 00:38:17,626
I've done this all the time.
718
00:38:17,626 --> 00:38:21,236
But to be where you are sitting
hearing this maybe for the first time.
719
00:38:21,516 --> 00:38:25,526
You know, like, I wish I could
almost unplug my brain and hear it
720
00:38:25,526 --> 00:38:27,226
and just be, like, oh, that's good.
721
00:38:27,226 --> 00:38:29,836
Okay. So that and then that
and then the speed and then -722
00:38:30,486 --> 00:38:36,116
oh, I just think this is a great foundation
which is exactly what this is meant to be.

723
00:38:36,116 --> 00:38:38,366
So what have we seen here?
724
00:38:38,366 --> 00:38:39,966
And what do you do with this?
725
00:38:40,006 --> 00:38:42,616
Okay. So what we've seen is what a network is.
726
00:38:42,616 --> 00:38:45,966
What Cisco -- where does
this company Cisco come from.
727
00:38:45,966 --> 00:38:48,026
Why are they the gold standard in networking?
728
00:38:48,026 --> 00:38:50,776
You know, they really started,
you know started it all except
729
00:38:50,776 --> 00:38:55,176
for that 60 some-year-old guy
whose claiming, no, it was me.
730
00:38:55,176 --> 00:38:59,766
So network structure we saw the
switch really building the function
731
00:38:59,766 --> 00:39:01,536
of the land the local area network.
732
00:39:01,536 --> 00:39:02,846
Providing local connectivity.
733
00:39:03,056 --> 00:39:03,966
We saw the router.
734
00:39:03,966 --> 00:39:05,656
We saw wireless access points.
735
00:39:05,656 --> 00:39:07,346
We saw the clients and the service.
736
00:39:07,346 --> 00:39:11,006
Kind of the basic fundamental building

blocks of any network environment.

737
00:39:11,356 --> 00:39:12,656
We talked about the speed.
738
00:39:12,766 --> 00:39:14,886
And network cable types like Ethernet.
739
00:39:14,886 --> 00:39:18,326
We saw some fiber connectors in this series.
740
00:39:18,326 --> 00:39:21,446
It's, like, I just want to
explode right now with information.
741
00:39:21,446 --> 00:39:25,576
And I'm holding back because we will be
unpacking each one of these more as we go.
742
00:39:25,576 --> 00:39:27,536
Again, this is just the beginning.
743
00:39:27,536 --> 00:39:29,476
So I want to come back to the question I asked.
744
00:39:30,466 --> 00:39:31,506
What do you do with this now?
745
00:39:31,506 --> 00:39:36,316
I know, this is the first nugget you might have
gone through to really get into the information.
746
00:39:36,686 --> 00:39:38,816
What now? Do you go on to the next one?
747
00:39:38,816 --> 00:39:40,236
Here's what I would do if I were you.
748
00:39:40,236 --> 00:39:40,986
I would stop.
749
00:39:41,326 --> 00:39:46,036
I would walk around my house because
likely you have high speed Internet.
750
00:39:46,036 --> 00:39:48,386

And just start looking and identifying.

751
00:39:48,386 --> 00:39:51,176
Okay. I see my network card on my computer.
752
00:39:51,176 --> 00:39:52,036
Okay. Where does that go?
753
00:39:52,366 --> 00:39:54,096
You know, did I get my house wired for ether.
754
00:39:54,156 --> 00:39:55,516
Maybe you wired your house yourself.
755
00:39:55,516 --> 00:39:56,826
And you kind of trace things back.
756
00:39:56,826 --> 00:39:57,556
Look at the switch.
757
00:39:57,556 --> 00:39:58,066
Look at the router.
758
00:39:58,066 --> 00:39:59,976
Again, just get the feel for your own network.
759
00:40:00,046 --> 00:40:04,666
Or if you're in corporate networks, oh, man,
oh, if you're working at a company right now,
760
00:40:05,166 --> 00:40:09,006
stop now, and go find the IT guy.
761
00:40:09,006 --> 00:40:10,586
Go find the network guru over there.
762
00:40:10,586 --> 00:40:16,006
And just be, like, hey, bro,
can I get a tour of our network?
763
00:40:16,256 --> 00:40:19,526
I mean, I'll say me as a
network guy, I would eat that up.
764
00:40:19,526 --> 00:40:21,456
I'd be like, dude, cool, dude, come on.

765
00:40:21,456 --> 00:40:22,406
Let me show you this.
766
00:40:22,406 --> 00:40:24,836
And I'd be like look here's
the switch and here's -767
00:40:24,836 --> 00:40:27,076
I mean, he's probably going to show
you things that I haven't even talked
768
00:40:27,076 --> 00:40:29,286
about yet, which is just so golden.
769
00:40:29,516 --> 00:40:34,696
If, you know, if you're not in an organization
like that go find one [brief laughter].
770
00:40:34,816 --> 00:40:40,336
Maybe go to a retail store and be, like, hey,
I'm going to buy three packs of this chicken
771
00:40:40,406 --> 00:40:43,846
if you will get a guy to just take
me back and show me your network.
772
00:40:43,846 --> 00:40:44,796
I mean, it may be weird.
773
00:40:45,066 --> 00:40:47,346
But I'm telling you do what
you have to do to get
774
00:40:47,346 --> 00:40:49,996
into a production network and just look around.
775
00:40:49,996 --> 00:40:55,516
If nothing more, start Googling YouTube videos
for network tours or data centers or things
776
00:40:55,516 --> 00:40:57,946
like that, and just start
identifying the equipment.
777
00:40:57,976 --> 00:40:58,636
All right.

778
00:40:58,636 --> 00:41:02,016
I mean I can't tell you how excited
I am to get into this series.
779
00:41:02,016 --> 00:41:04,766
So for now I hope this has
been informative for you.
780
00:41:04,766 --> 00:41:06,546
And I'd like to thank you for viewing.