MOTHERBOARD:

The motherboard is the large circuit board inside your computer's case. It's sometimes called the system board, the logic board, the baseboard, or less commonly, the planar board. Everything connected to your computer system, plugs either directly or indirectly into the motherboard. The motherboard is truly the central nervous system. The motherboard contains the CPU, the BIO !O" chip #Basic Input $Output ystem%, and the C"O etup in&ormation. It has e'pansion slots &or installing di&&erent adapter cards li(e your video card, sound card, )et*or( Inter&ace Card, and modem. This circuit board provides a connector &or the (eyboard as *ell as housing the (eyboard controller chip. It has !+" slots &or your system's !andom +ccess "emory # I""s or ,I""s%, and provides the system's chipset, controllers, and underlying circuitry #bus system% to tie everything together. The motherboard, more or less, is your computer. It de&ines your computer type, upgradeability, and e'pansion capability.

NON-INTEGRATED MOTHERBOARDS:
)on-Integrated "otherboards have assemblies such as the I$O Port connectors #serial and parallel ports%, hard drive connectors or paddle boards, &loppy controllers and connectors, .oystic( connections, etc. installed as e'pansion boards. This ta(es up one or more o& the motherboard's e'pansion slots and reduces the amount o& &ree space inside your computer's case. /ence, the individual motherboard is relatively cheap to produce but, because o& the cost o& manu&acturing, testing, and installing the e'pansion boards separately, there's an added cost to the computer system. /o*ever, i& something should go *rong *ith the individual assemblies, such as a bent or bro(en pin in a connector, or a de&ective controller chip etc., you could repair the problem by replacing the individual e'pansion card at a relatively minor cost. "ost o& the older motherboards *ere )on-Integrated. ome o& the later 012 system boards began to integrate some o& these assemblies right onto the circuit board.

INTEGRATED MOTHERBOARDS:
Integrated "otherboards have assemblies that are other*ise installed as e'pansion boards, integrated or built right onto the board. The serial and parallel ports, the I,E and &loppy drive, and .oystic( all connect directly to the motherboard. This is no* standard on any late model 012 and above. It tends to &ree up some space inside the case and allo*s &or better accessibility and air &lo*. The systems are cheaper to produce because there's less material involved, less installation, and testing can all be done at the same time. They are more e'pensive to repair because, i& you end up *ith a controller &ailure or bro(en pin, it means a ne* motherboard #and, o& course, because o& the added assemblies, the motherboard can be more e'pensive than its non-integrated counterpart%. /o*ever, these particular integrated assemblies are generally &airly stable and although problems can occur, they tend to be &airly rare.

+ll in all, the integrated motherboard tends to be a good thing as opposed to the 'Embedded "otherboard'.

1. Mouse & keyboard 2. USB . !ara""e" #or$ %. &!U &'(# ). RAM s"o$s *. +"o##y ,o-$ro""er .. IDE ,o-$ro""er /. !&I s"o$ 0. ISA s"o$ 11. &MOS Ba$$ery 11. AG! s"o$ 12. &!U s"o$ 1 . !o2er su##"y #"u3 (-

1. Mouse & keyboard:

3eyboard Connectors are t*o types basically. +ll PCs have a 3ey board port connected directly to the motherboard. The oldest, but still 4uite common type, is a special ,I), and most PCs until recently retained this style connector. The +T-style (eyboard connector is 4uic(ly disappearing, being replaced by the smaller mini ,I) P $5-style (eyboard connector. 6ou can use an +T-style (eyboard *ith a P $5-style soc(et #or the other *ay around% by using a converter. +lthough the +T connector is uni4ue in PCs, the P $5-style mini-,I) is also used in more modern PCs &or the mouse. 7ortunately , most PCs that use the mini-,I) &or both the (eyboard and mouse clearly mar( each mini-,I) soc(et as to its correct use. ome (eyboards have a U B connection, but these are &airly rare compared to the P $5 connection (eyboards.

2. USB #Universal serial bus%8

U B is the 9eneral-purpose connection &or PC. 6ou can &ind U B versions o& many di&&erent devices, such as mice, (eyboards, scanners, cameras, and even printers. a U B connector's distinctive rectangular shape ma(es it easily recogni:able.

U B has a number o& &eatures that ma(es it particularly popular on PCs. 7irst, U B devices are hot s*appable. 6ou can insert or remove them *ithout restarting your system.

. !ara""e" #or$: "ost printers use a special connector called a parallel port. Parallel port carry data on more than one *ire, as opposed to the serial port, *hich uses only one *ire. Parallel ports use a 5;-pin &emale ,B connector. Parallel ports are directly supported by the motherboard through a direct connection or through a dangle. %. &!U &'(#: The central processing unit, also called the microprocessor per&orms all the
calculations that ta(e place inside a pc. CPUs come in <ariety o& shapes and si:es. "odern CPUs generate a lot o& heat and thus re4uire a cooling &an or heat sin(. The cooling device #such as a cooling &an% is removable, although some CPU manu&actures sell the CPU *ith a &an permanently attached.

). RAM s"o$s: !andom-+ccess "emory #!+"% stores programs and data currently being
used by the CPU. !+" is measured in units called bytes. !+" has been pac(aged in many di&&erent *ays. The most current pac(age is called a =21-pin ,I"" #,ual Inline "emory module%.

*. +"o##y ,o-$ro""er: The &loppy drive connects to the computer via a >0-pin ribbon
cable, *hich in turn connects to the motherboard. + &loppy controller is one that is used to control the &loppy drive.

.. IDE ,o-$ro""er: Industry standards de&ine t*o common types o& hard drives8 EI,E and
C I. "a.ority o& the PCs use EI,E drives. C I drives sho* up in high end PCs such as net*or( servers or graphical *or(stations. The EI,E drive connects to the hard drive via a 5inch-*ide, 0?-pin ribbon cable, *hich in turn connects to the motherboard. I,E controller is responsible &or controlling the hard drive.

/. !&I s"o$:

Intel introduced the Peripheral component interconnect bus protocol. The PCI bus is used to connect I$O devices #such as )IC or !+I, controllers% to the main logic o& the computer. PCI bus has replaced the I + bus.

0. ISA s"o$:

#Industry tandard +rchitecture% It is the standard architecture o& the E'pansion bus. "otherboard may contain some slots to connect I + compatible cards.

11. &MOS Ba$$ery:

To provide C"O *ith the po*er *hen the computer is turned o&& all motherboards comes *ith a battery. These batteries mount on the motherboard in one o& three *ays8 the obsolete e'ternal battery, the most common onboard battery, and built-in battery.

11. AG! s"o$:

I& you have a modern motherboard, you *ill almost certainly notice a single connector that loo(s li(e a PCI slot, but is slightly shorter and usually bro*n. 6ou also probably have a video card inserted into this slot. This is an +dvanced 9raphics Port #+9P% slot.

12. &!U s"o$: To install the CPU, .ust slide it straight do*n into the slot.

pecial notches in the slot ma(e it impossible to install them incorrectly. o remember i& it does not go easily, it is probably not correct. Be sure to plug in the CPU &an's po*er.

1 . !o2er su##"y #"u3 (-: The Po*er supply, as its name implies, provides the
necessary electrical po*er to ma(e the pc operate. The po*er supply ta(es standard ==?-< +C po*er and converts into =5-<olt, ;-<olt, and >.>-<olt ,C po*er.