RESTRICTED CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.

Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an

objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. This definition is similar to Northouse's (2007, p3) definition which is the leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.

2.

Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership knowledge and skills.

This is called Process Leadership (Jago, 1982). However, we know that we have traits that can influence our actions. This is called Trait Leadership (Jago, 1982), in that it was once common to believe that leaders were born rather than made.

3.

While leadership is learned, the skills and knowledge processed by the leader

can be influenced by his or hers attributes or traits, such as beliefs, values, ethics, and character. Knowledge and skills contribute directly to the process of leadership, while the other attributes give the leader certain characteristics that make him or her unique. 4. Also note that the situation normally has a greater effect on a leader's action than

his or her traits. This is because while traits may have an impressive stability over a period of time, they have little consistency across situations (Mischel, 1968). This is why a number of leadership scholars think the Process Theory of Leadership is a more accurate than the Trait Theory of Leadership. Various forces will affect these four factors.

5.

Charismatic leaders are often focused on themselves, and may not want to

change anything. The downside to charismatic leaders is that they can believe more in 1 RESTRICTED

RESTRICTED themselves than in their teams. This can create the risk that a project or even an entire organization might collapse if the leader leaves. A charismatic leader might believe that he or she can do no wrong, even when others are warning his or her about the path hes or she's on; this feeling of invincibility can ruin a team or an organization. 6. Also, in the followers' eyes, success is directly connected to the presence of the

charismatic leader. As such, charismatic leadership carries great responsibility, and it needs a long-term commitment from the leader. Charisma is closely related to but not synonymous with power. There have

7.

been cases of leaders losing their power but retaining their charismatic impact such as Sihanouk of Cambodia. There is also a tendency to place a value judgement on whether political charisma is virtuous or wicked. That should not be the case. Use of political charisma can lead to appalling (as in the case of Hitler) or inspiring (as in the case of Gandhi) outcomes. 8. Ho had charismatic appeal both domestically and internationally. He has a large

reputation as a nationalist hero but the charismatic cult that has grown around him is based on the image of a simple clean-living old man who loves children and shows great wisdom in everything he did. Ho has irrefutable answers for a vast range of national or local issues. 9. Ho is also never blamed directly for any of the less desirable actions of the

Vietnam Communist Party (VCP). Vietnam, like most socialist countries, had periods of state-imposed radicalism that inflicted suffering and violence on its people.

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RESTRICTED AIM

10.

The aim of this service paper is to analyst the personalities and a leadership

quality of Ho Chi Minh for a lesson learnt.

SCOPE

11.

The scope of this paper is as follows:

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

Background of Ho Chi Minh Training and Experience Leaders Contribution Leadership Style Lesson Learnt Conclusions Recommendations Bibliography

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RESTRICTED CHAPTER 2

HO CHI MINH

BACKGROUND OF HO CHI MINH 12. Ho Chi Minh, real name Nguyen Tat Thanh (1890-1969), Vietnamese Communist

leader and the principal force behind the Vietnamese struggle against French colonial rule. Ho was born on May 19, 1890, in the village of Kimlien, Annam (central Vietnam), the son of an official who had resigned in protest against French domination of his country. Ho attended school in Hue and then briefly taught at a private school in Phan Thiet. In 1911 he was employed as a cook on a French steamship liner and thereafter worked in London and Paris. 13. After World War I, using the pseudonym Nguyen Ai Quoc (Nguyen the Patriot),

Ho engaged in radical activities and was in the founding group of the French Communist party. He was summoned to Moscow for training and, in late 1924, he was sent to Canton, China, where he organized a revolutionary movement among Vietnamese exiles. 14. He was forced to leave China when local authorities cracked down on

Communist activities, but he returned in 1930 to found the Indochinese Communist party (ICP). He stayed in Hong Kong as representative of the Communist International. In June 1931 Ho was arrested there by British police and remained in prison until his release in 1933. He then made his way back to the Soviet Union, where he reportedly spent several years recovering from tuberculosis. 15. In 1938 he returned to China and served as an adviser with Chinese Communist

armed forces. When Japan occupied Vietnam in 1941, he resumed contact with ICP leaders and helped to found a new Communist-dominated independence movement, popularly known as the Vietminh, that fought the Japanese. In August 1945, when 4 RESTRICTED

RESTRICTED Japan surrendered, the Vietminh seized power and proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in Hanoi. Ho Chi Minh, now known by his final and best-known pseudonym (which means the Enlightener), became president. 16. The French were unwilling to grant independence to their colonial subjects and in

late 1946 war broke out. For eight years Vietminh guerrillas fought French troops in the mountains and rice paddies of Vietnam, finally defeating them in the decisive Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954. Ho, however, was deprived of his victory. Subsequent negotiations at Geneva divided the country, with only the North assigned to the Vietminh. The DRV, with Ho still president, now devoted its efforts to constructing a Communist society in North Vietnam. 17. In the early 1960s, however, conflict resumed in the South, where Communist-

led guerrillas mounted an insurgency against the U.S.-supported regime in Saigon. Ho, now in poor health, was reduced to a largely ceremonial role, while policy was shaped by others. On September 3, 1969, he died in Hanoi of heart failure. In his honor, after the Communist conquest of the South in 1975, Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City. 18. Ho Chi Minh was not only the founder of Vietnamese communism, he was the

very soul of the revolution and of Vietnam's struggle for independence. His personal qualities of simplicity, integrity, and determination were widely admired, not only within Vietnam but elsewhere as well.

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RESTRICTED TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE

TRAINING

19.

In 1907, after receiving a primary education at a local school, Ho and his brother

travelled to the city of Hu to attend a prestigious Franco-Vietnamese academy. Three years later, Ho left the academy before graduating and worked briefly as a schoolteacher in the town of Phan Thiet.

20.

In 1923, Ho traveled to Russia for the first time. After subsequent visits, he

became acquainted with the most influential Soviet leaders including Nikolai Bukharin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin. While in Russia, Ho was trained as an agent of the Comintern. He studied the thought of Marx and Lenin as well as organizational and revolutionary techniques.

21.

In 1927, Ho was forced to leave China after Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the

Nationalist Party (Comintern), instituted a vicious crackdown on left-wing radicals, imprisoning and executing hundreds of communists and labor activists. Ho fled to the Soviet Union. He spent the next few years based in Russia, but made frequent trips to China to recruit members for Thanh Nien.

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RESTRICTED EXPERIENCE

22.

In 1911, Ho travelled to Saigon and obtained a job as a cook aboard a French

steam ship bound for the French city of Marseille. Although the details of his journey are not well documented, Ho spent the next two years traveling around the world, visiting cities in Europe, Asia, North America, and, according to some accounts, Africa and South America as well. Ho eventually settled in London.

23.

In 1917, Ho moved to Paris during the height of World War I. He adopted the

name Nguyen Ai Quoc (Nguyen the Patriot) and became involved in leftist and anticolonial activism.

24.

In 1920, Ho became a founding member of the newly created French Communist

Party. While in 1922, Ho founded the journal Le Paria (The Pariah), which served as a venue for anticolonial activists to express and disseminate their views about the French colonial regime.

25.

Ho traveled to China where he worked closely with Mikhail Borodin, a fellow

Comintern agent, to foment socialist revolution in China. While in China, Ho formed the Thanh Nien Cach Menh Dong Chi Hoi (Revolutionary Youth League), later known simply as Thanh Nien (Youth), an organization composed of Vietnamese exiles living in China and dedicated to revolution in Vietnam. As the Than Nien steadily grew in size, the organization began to establish connections with other Vietnamese nationalist and revolutionary groups residing in Vietnam. Thanh Nien also published the revolutionary journal Than Nien, which was secretly distributed throughout Southeast Asia.

26.

At 1930, Ho founded the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP) in Hong Kong,

later renamed the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP). In 1931, Ho was arrested in Hong Kong by British authorities for his involvement in revolutionary activities and was imprisoned for two years. After he was released, Ho returned to Moscow where he would remain until 1938. 7 RESTRICTED

RESTRICTED

27.

Ho traveled to China to serve as a military advisor for the Chinese Communist

Party after the Japanese invasion of China in 1937. The Chinese Communist Party and the Comintern, previously entangled in civil war, had agreed to an armistice until the Japanese were defeated.

28.

At 1941, Ho returned to Vietnam for the first time since he left the country in

1911. There, he founded the Viet Nam Doc Lap Dong Minh (League for the Independence of Vietnam), later known as simply the Viet Minh, an organization composed of Vietnamese nationalist and communist groups committed to Vietnamese independence. Throughout the Japanese occupation of Vietnam, the Viet Minh fought against both French colonial authorities and the Japanese forces occupying Vietnam.

29.

In 1942, Ho was arrested by Nationalist Party (Comintern) authorities in China

and briefly imprisoned. Ho began to use the pseudonym Ho Chi Minh (He who enlightens) by which he is now remembered.

30.

In 1945, which is close of World War II, Ho Chi Minh organized the Viet Minh to

foment a large-scale uprising in Vietnam. The Viet Minh captured major cities across Vietnam and declared Vietnam an independent state. Vietnam became known as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and Ho Chi Minh became its first president.

31.

Ho Chi Minh signed an agreement with the French that Vietnam be recognized

as an Independent state, under the condition that it become of a member the French Union and permit a small French military presence. This agreement proved tenuous as tensions rose between French colonists and Vietnamese nationalists, eventually leading to full-scale war between the French and Vietnamese.

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RESTRICTED LEADERS CONTRIBUTION

32.

Founder of the IndoChina Communist Party (ICP). Ho Chi Minh is the founder of

the ICP and the Viet Minh. He united the various Communist groups in Indochina to form the IndoChina Communist Party (ICP) in 1930. Ho was returned to the Soviet Union to train Comintern agents before returning to China in 1938. In China he issued a statement that called for Vietnamese independence and freedom of assembly, speech and the press. In 1940 he returned to Vietnam for the first time in nearly 30 years.

33.

Founder of the Viet Minh. The Japanese had seized Indochina and Ho felt that

this presented an opportunity to take control of Vietnam. In 1941 Ho Chi Minh formed the Viet Minh. The Viet Minh pledged to use force to end the Japanese and French rule of Vietnam. The leadership of Ho and Giap saw this movement grow to a 10,000 guerrilla army north of Hanoi. Founder of Vietnams Nation. Uncle Ho is the name given to Ho Chi Minh which

34.

is the founder of a Vietnams Nation. Under Japanese rule Vietnamese villagers were exploited and any opposition was dealt with brutally (public beheadings!) During the last months of Japanese rule famine spread as the Japanese hoarded rice. Ho Chi Minhs Viet Minh recruited large numbers of villagers by promising to Break Open the Rice Stores to Avert Famine. Declaration of the Vietnams Independence. The United States bombed

35.

Nagasaki on August 9. On August 10 the Japanese surrendered. Ho called for a general uprising on August 10 and within 10 days the Viet Minh controlled the country. Bao Dai (the puppet emperor of the Japanese) recognised that the Viet Minh had popular support. He abdicated and asked Ho Chi Minh to form a government to rule Vietnam. On September 2nd 1945 Ho Chi Minh was able to declare the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. In his speech he quote d from the American Declaration of Independence.

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RESTRICTED LEADERSHIP STYLE

VIEWPOINT ON REVOLUTION

36.

Brilliant Minded. Ho Chi Minh was one of the first men to analyze and condemn

colonialism in a systematic way, pointing out that it was a modern slave regime politically, economical, culturally, socially and sometimes genocide with regard to colonized peoples. Once awakened, the more than one hundred oppressed peoples would demonstrate unexpected intelligence and creativeness, Ho Chi Minh was the first man to confidently and proudly turn this into a theory.

37.

Future Thinker. Ho Chi Minh called on Western communist parties to actively

help and support revolution in colonized countries, while opposing dependence among oppressed peoples. He stressed self-reliance for revolutionary movements in ThirdWorld countries, and pointed out that revolution might be successful in the colonies sooner than in mother-countries, thus boosting the revolutionary struggle in the latter. This was his viewpoint on the three liberations of nation, of society and of man intertwined and unified. On the way to save his country, Ho Chi Minh discovered these three liberations of mankind when he encountered Marxism-Leninism.

38.

Stand His Own Philosophy. The three liberations, in Ho Chi Minh's opinion,

evolved out of history, incorporated characteristics of each country's situation, of each area and the world in each period, led to unexpected results, and would bring to mankind more light, knowledge and happiness. Every nation is a product of history that will exist for a long time. According to his philosophy, for any nation waging revolution, the main point was to understand that it was not alone; its strength lay in itself coupled with that of progressive mankind, it enjoyed the support of friends on every continent, it worked for itself and other nation.

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RESTRICTED 39. Good Observer. Ho Chi Minh's travels clearly showed that the nation was a

starting-point, objective and area of action. Ho Chi Minh understood the need for and soon advocated the broadening of relations by the Vietnamese revolution, then those of new Vietnam with all nations, states, and international organizations in order to gain more friends and decrease the number of enemies.

40.

Focus On The Objectives. In Ho Chi Minh's viewpoint of revolution, its central

focus was man. For him, the objective, end and driving force of revolution were man. They were about believing in the people, relying on them, building their strengths and fully developing their capacities. Revolutionary force lay in his opinion, in the people s keeping faith with keeping meant having all and losing it meant losing all.

41.

Open Minded. Everything started with man and manmade everything -this

viewpoint of Ho Chi Minh was in the final analysis a respect and love for mancommunist humanism. This viewpoint helped avoid bureaucracy. For him, man was linked to the collective and demonstrated his strength in harmony with the collective. However, man was not diminished by the collective. Each man had a personality, likings, abilities and interests of his own.

42.

Caring About Educational Level. Throughout his life, Ho Chi Minh constantly

cared for the education of man from childhood, promoted what was good in him, commended heroes, and promoted examples of valiant fighters, efficient producers, good men and good deeds in revolutionary mass movements.

43.

Good at Influence Others. In the resistance war, Ho Chi Minh encouraged the

whole people to fight the enemy and turned the Vietnamese into patriots and members of the resistance. In construction, he mobilized all the toiling people, turning all workers into socialist men. Together with his views on revolution Ho Chi Minh paid great attention to various revolutionary methods, including the measures and forms of struggle appropriate to each circumstance. Over the past sixty years, the Vietnamese revolution has been in dire straits, and has had to overcome difficult trials and solved 11 RESTRICTED

RESTRICTED unprecedented problems. Under Ho Chi Minh's leadership, the Vietnamese revolution contributed to the enrichment of Marxist- Leninist theory in method, especially to the national people's democratic revolution.

44.

Fast Learner. In the 1930-1939 period, through many letters and newspaper

articles sent to the Central Committee, Ho Chi Minh described ways to make use of temporarily favourable conditions, organized open and legal activities, gathered and led the masses to struggle in various ways, and gradually brought all the people to the revolutionary front. At the same time, he remarked many times that the Party had to have a section working underground, in secrecy, and carefully preparing for dealing with an enemy which would resort to terrorism in order to push back the revolution.

45.

Great Planner. building the

Vietnamese revolution was a stirring practice, organizing the armed forces, founding liberation areas, establishing

masses,

administrative committees, mobilizing local guerrilla warfare then leading to general insurrection throughout the country, with the aim of an uprising throughout the nation. After 2nd September 1945 and throughout 1946, the Vietnamese revolution went through a stormy period. The destiny of the homeland was at stake. In those hard months and years, Ho Chi Minh showed his courageous. clever and creative, reacting sensitively and in a timely way to various situations.

45.

Theoretical Thinker. His greatest contribution to the theory of revolutionary

method was the theory on peoples war. This was the theory on a just and total by using various troops fighting the enemy in the town, countryside, forest and on the mountain, mobilizing armed and political forces, from women and old people to pioneers, combining guerilla warfare everywhere with decisive blows from main force units, combining military, political and diplomatic struggles, combining the strength of the nation with that of our epoch.

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RESTRICTED 46. Great Guidance. The two resistance wars against French and US aggressions

over thirty years called for a great mobilization, organization and leadership, a philosophy on revolutionary method evolving vividly in life, through which in the same way Ho Chi Minh guided the Vietnamese Communist Party and nation to perform three great causes to foster a will for struggle until victory; build armed forces with three categories of troops and a complete people's national defense; shape the theory and art of people's war - all people, all-sided using the strength of the whole nation and of the support of progressive people. Vietnam's people's war was the climax and the synthesis of methods of struggle in national people's democratic revolutions.

VIEWPOINT ON THE PARTY

47.

Disciplinary Individual. Ho Chi Minh was a man who saw the Communist Party's

decisive role in revolutionary work and made it lead the national people's democratic revolution successfully. Such basic principles on the Party as single-minded unity and democratic centralism which are strict discipline, self-criticism and criticism, love between comrades relationship among the people were sacred things which Ho followed by throughout his life and made everybody understand alike, thus creating a big strength and bringing a great result.

48.

Brave to Speak Out. At the same time, Ho Chi Minh devised new theoretical

viewpoints on Party. His theoretical thinking was very clear, his way of doing very strict, with plans, from Canton to Cao Bang and later on. Right from the start, Ho Chi Minh pointed out that it was necessary to have a Party to lead the revolution. In the reality of Vietnam's history, since its founding the Communist Party has rapidly played the leading role among all level of the Vietnamese people.

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RESTRICTED 49. Stand to His Believe. According to him, this leading role was based on two

grounds. A Communist party armed with Marxist -Leninist theory is one of the working class, the representative of advanced production forces and the new social regime, leading all strata of the people to overthrow capitalism and build a new society. The Partys leading role is built on the historic mission of the working class. This is a classical viewpoint on the Communist Party. At the same time, the Communist Party is the leader because it has a correct line, comprises vanguard men exemplary in revolutionary activities, who draw the masses to act with them. Here the leading role is grounded in the fact that the Party does correct and good work, the results of which has a persuasive power and credit among the masses. Intelligent. Ho Chi Minhs overriding thinking to build the Communist Party of

50.

Vietnam was a creative viewpoint which he put briefly as follows: the Communist Party was the result of the combination of Marxism-Leninism with the workers movement and the patriotic movement. This viewpoint permeated the mapping out of the Party's line, the choice of its members, its founding and training, and the cementing of its relations with the masses. Starting from the nation Ho Chi Minh immediately made the Party take deep root in the tradition and the features of the nation.

51.

Influencing People. At the same time lighting and upholding the nation with

Marxism-Leninism, he immediately made the Party from its line and ideology to organization a Party armed with Marxism-Leninism. As capitalism in Vietnam was only burgeoning and the working class very small, Ho Chi Minh advocated a proletarianisation and revolutionisation of its first Party members to mobilize the masses, train Party members, lead the patriotic movement and build tile Communist Party. About the relationship between the Party and the people, Ho Chi Minh put forth the viewpoint that the Party and its members were people's servants-only in this way could they be leaders. The realization of this viewpoint turns the Communist Party from the vanguard unit of the working class into the vanguard unit of the people.

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RESTRICTED 52. Focus on Educational. Under Ho Chi Minh's leadership, the Party and its

members went to the people, clang to the grassroots, mobilized, organized and guided the masses, and the whole of Vietnam became a vast and permanent school of struggle and of revolution. In this school, he paid great attention to educating Party members on Marxism- Leninism, morals and revolutionary virtues following a new ethic, the level of which depended on the requirement of each stage. Under all circumstances, Ho Chi Minh set himself as an example to build the Party.

53.

Hold the Importance of Theory. The leader's example consciously and warmly

responded by the entire Party created a strict and sacred pattern leaving a fine tradition about the Party and its leadership. The single- minded unity within the Party, instructed to each Party member by Ho Chi Minh and consolidated by him and was preserved as the apples of our eyes, was a great source of strength of the Party, an image of the one minded unity of the whole nation, a factor of paramount importance that ensured the victory of the revolution. Ho Chi Minh made theory lively in practice and made practice permeated with theory. For him, theory was extremely important as it lighted action and was summed up from action. Although Ho Chi Minh was deeply conversant with Eastern and Western cultures and effectively used his cultural knowledge in the right place at the right time, he was in the first place a theoretician and a practicing of Marxism-Leninism in a very correct, pure, bright and genuine way.

54.

Implement New Theory. Ho Chi Minh has been followed the theory of Marxist-

Leninist. The Marxist-Leninist theory is a method of thinking and research for a policy and the measures to organize its implementation, linked to the reality in each country, each time, each work. Applied correctly, it brings efficiency to action. Once it is understood but applied wrongly, it leads to failure and possibly to heavy losses. These harmful deviations all the more prove the correctness and vitality of Marxist-Leninist theory, the necessity to understand correctly, grasp firmly and apply Marxist-Leninist theory appropriately to historical circumstances.

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RESTRICTED LESSON LEARNT

55.

Quick Decision. President Ho once said that in an urgent situation, the Party

needs to make quick decisions to save the day. It is generally agreed that few leaders are so brilliant, calm, brave, self-sacrificing and determined to overcome such enormous historical challenges.

56.

Concern of His Followers. Ho Chi Minh was a true leader of the people, and a

good example of the ideal relationship between leader and followers. He loved and respected the people and considered them the masters and origin of the nation. Although the country had suffered many hard times, he still believed in the invincible strength of the people.

57.

Caring Own Belongings. He always educated cadres on their responsibility for

taking care of the peoples material and spiritual lives. If the nation gains independence and they are not happy, he said, then the independence is meaningless.

58.

Wide Experience. In his lifetime, President Ho had travelled far and wide to meet

people and listen to their opinions. Wherever he travelled, he always showed his passionate love for the people. Although he had a great prestige and attraction, Ho Chi Minh always regarded himself as a loyal and dedicated servant of the people. Patriotic. Ho Chi Minh was the very embodiment of Vietnams humanism. He is

59.

compassionate, tolerant and patriotic. He was true internationalist who had devoted his whole life to achieving national independence. He had spent his whole life struggling for peace and national liberation, and constantly pursuing a peaceful and friendly diplomatic policy. Ho Chi Minhs ideology and behavior always originated from a universal truth and undeniable facts, to resolve problems in a reasonable and sensible manner.

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RESTRICTED CONCLUSION

60.

Viatnamese nation and country have undergone major changes throughout more

than half a century of fighting. From an enslaved nation to one with independence and freedom from a partitioned country to a completely reunified one, from a colonized and feudal society to one of renewal, taking its first steps in the creation of a life of plenty, civilization and happiness for the people, from a land little known without a name in the map to a credited member of world revolutionary forces and the international community with important contributions to make to mankind. These are the major themes of Ho Chi Minh's work embodying the historic encounter between a man, a nation and a time. Sixty years is the span of action of a man's whole life: but it is only a short one in the history of a nation and the evolution of the times. Looking back to the past and at the world, one sees that what Ho Chi Minh brought to the nation and helped it realize was truly a change in life. However, compared to what Ho Chi Minh nurtured, the trail he blazed for the nation-two revolutions to achieve three great liberations: liberation of nation: society and man. These first steps were glorious and extremely important, creating a basis for the whole path, ensuring and forecasting the ensuing victories, but they are only the first stages. Being true to Ho Chi Minh's legacy is the basis for uniting the whole people, mobilizing all potentialities of the country, and carrying out renovation in a creative and effective way. Being true to Ho Chi Minh's legacy is to persevere along the path of national independence and socialism, of Marxism-Leninism, of proletarian internationalism, to overcome wavering and hesitations and resist deviations. Being true to Ho Chi Minh's legacy is to maintain and uphold in the new context the fine qualities of the nation and the Vietnamese, overcome signs of decay and oppose alienation and degeneration. The process of this historic encounter continuing while overcoming immediate difficulties, Vietnamese revolutionary work will continue to flower along the trail which Ho Chi Minh blazed and along which he led the nation during the past half century.

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RESTRICTED RECOMMENDATION Critical Thinking. Learn the style of Hos quick decision and try to adapt it when

61.

facing an urgent situation. Apply the critical thinking in order to make a quick decision, hence it will help to complete any task given by the higher commander. It is because, any order or requirement came from the higher commander is mandatory to be accomplish in short period time without fail.

62.

Good Relationship. Leaders must set up a good relationship between him and

his follower to ensure the strong bonds between them are always maintained and success. Leader should search for the secret of the followers strength, thus it will help in extracting the ideal and harmony relationship between leader and followers. That will execute own strength regarding to the well-known of followers background.

63.

Responsible. In any other modern political leadership, the leader were

responsible to create a government that capable of succeeding to adapted their concept of politics to the traditional expectations. Thus, the recommendation is the leaders should study the leaders character in terms of the responsible because it plays a main role in daily life.

64.

Travel and Thought. Leaders must travel such a far away from homeland to gain

experienced. The leader had been awarded a good experienced when given the opportunity of travelling to other country and facing new culture. The given experience should be accommodating in many aspects in daily life such as the way of our thought.

65.

Appreciate the National Security. Current leaders are required to appreciate the

security that has been achieved by the previous leader. Sometimes, security was more important than freedom. This meant accepting inherited institutions, no matter how oppressive, and the colonial system, no matter how unjust. The sacrificing of security force should be valued because their roles will contributing us living in harmony and peaceful. 18 RESTRICTED

RESTRICTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCES

1.

Pierre Brocheux, Ho Chi Minh: A Biography, Cambridge University Press, 2007

2.

William J Duiker, Ho Chi Minh: A Life, Hyperion Books, 2001

3. 4.

David Halberstam, Ho, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007 John T. McAlister, Paul Mus, The Vietnamese and their revolution, Harper & Row, 1970

5.

William Warbey, Ho Chi Minh and the struggle for an independent Vietnam, Merlin Press, 1972

6.

Ray Bonds, The Vietnam War, Salamander Books Ltd., 1979

7.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/VNhochiminh.htm retrieved on 4th April 2013

8.

http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/ho-chi-minh/biography.htm retrieved on 5th April 2013

9.

http://www.historynet.com/ho-chi-minh-north-vietnam-leader.htm retrieved on 8th April 2013

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