NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept.

of Aerospace Engineering


1
Module5:
Multi - Dimensional
Problems



Lecture 27:
Linearized Compressible Flow
(Contd.)



















NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering


2
1. The solution does not contain an exponential attenuation factor like the subsonic solution and
hence the perturbation does not decrease with y . Instead, the same value of the perturbation
exists all along the straight lines
= y x | constant
These lines are inclined at the Mach angle with respect to the undisturbed flow. They are the
Mach lines or characteristics. The existence of these characteristics is independent of the specific
boundary conditions, being contained in the form of the solution. f = constant along
= y x | constant, and = g constant along lines = + y x | constant. The former characteristics are
inclined upstream; they originate at infinity and so carry no perturbation. Hence, 0 = g when the
fluid above the wall is unlimited.
2.
p
C on the wall is x
h
C
p
o
|
o
cos
2
=
Comparing with the subsonic case, it can be seen that the maxima and minima of the pressure
are now shifted by the phase 2 t from the maxima and minima of the wall coordinate y . Hence,
the pressure distribution is now anti-symmetrical around the crests and troughs of the wall and a
drag force exists. The magnitude of the drag coefficient per wavelength is
dx
dx
dy
C
l
C
l
o
p D
}
=
1
[
w
dx
dy
|
.
|

\
|
= ~ u u tan sin
]
This can be evaluated by replacing the sine of the slope of the wall by the tangent, valid within the
frame work of small perturbation

p
C can be written as
dx
dy
M
C
p
1
2
2

,
1
2
2
2
|
.
|

\
|

dx
dy
M
C
D

2 2
1
l
o
dy dy
dx
dx l dx
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
}

3. The range of validity of the approximations follows exactly the same line as in the subsonic case




NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering


3




















Supersonic Thin Airfoil Theory

The general solution of the wave equation may be applied to the problem of a 2-D supersonic
airfoil. Since, disturbances are propagated only along downstream-running Mach lines, we need
only the function f for the upper surface and g for the lower surface. Thus,

( ) ( ) o y y x f y x > = , , |


( ) ( ) o y y x g y x < + = , , |


Boundary condition on the upper surface is

( )
0
U
y
dy
U f x
dx y

=
| | c
| |
' = =
| |
c
\ .
\ .

x

y

(M

<1) Force
M

>1

NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering


4


( )
U
U y
f x u
x |

c
| |
' = =
|
c
\ .

Similarly,

( )
L
x
y U
x g
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
= '

|

Hence,
( )
( )
2
2
p
f x upper surface
U
C
g x lower surface
U

'

'

Or
2 2
2 2
;
1 1
U L
p p
U L
dy dy
C C
dx dx
M M

| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .


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