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Module6: Bodies of Revolution

Lecture 34: Slender Body Theory (Contd.)

NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering

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Lift of slender bodies of revolution Full solution = a + c Velocity at any point can be obtained from this. Since C p contains square of velocity, it cannot be split in two parts. Now

1 V 2 = U a + + U c cos + + U c sin r x r
2 2

U a = U cos and U c = U sin with small.

2 = +U a + 2U a + U a + x body x body x body

2

U 1
2

+ 2U + x x body body
2 2

Using boundary condition

dR U c cos + U dx r body
For slender bodies,

c = cos =

( x) a f ( x ) = cos = cos r r r

The doublet strength is related to section radius. Using the boundary condition

U c cos + c 0 r body

NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering

(x ) = U c R 2 =

Uc

A( x )

c = U c

R2 R2 cos = U sin cos r r

2

Hence

1 2 2 = (2U c sin ) (2U sin ) 2 U c sin R body

To second order,

V 2 M Cp 1 2 + 2 U U
2 = U

C pbody
Last term may be neglected.

2 dR 2 2 2 + 4 sin + 2 x U x body dx body

2 2

C pa

2 = U

a x

dR dx body

and

C pc =

2 c U x

2 2 + 1 4 sin body

C pa gives only drag ( C D1 for axially symmetric flow)

Using c ,

C pc = 4

dR cos + 1 4 sin 2 2 dx

NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering

Projection normal to radius = R d dx Projection normal to axis = R d dR

R R + dR

dx

Radial component of the force acting on an element of surface area is Hence, the cross force in the direction of U c is

1 U 2 C pc Rd dx 2

N=

L 2 1 U 2 C pc ( cos )R d dx 0 0 2

= 4 q

cos 2 R

L 2 dR d dx 2 q cos 1 4 sin 2 Rd dx 0 0 dx

= 2 q AB
C N = 2
Cross flow contribution to axial force is

1 2 q = U , 2

AB = A(L ) = R 2 (L )

A2 = q

R ( L ) 2

C pc R d dR = q [R(L ) ] = q A(L ) 2
2

C 2 = 2
NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering

Net Axial force is

A = A1 + A2 ,

A1 = q A(L ) C D1 + C pB

L = N cos A sin

D = N sin + A cos
2 CL CN 1 2 C D1 + C pB + C 2

C D C N + C D1 + C pB
Retaining only the dominant terms, assuming

2 + C2 1 2

C D1 + C pB << 2 ,
C D = C D1 + C pB + 2
(referred to base area)

C L = 2 ,

The drag increment due to angle of attack is called the induced drag (due to trailing vortices). Induced drag coefficient is

C Di = 2

C Di CL

Di 2 = L 2

[compare with incompressible result

CDi CL

CL ] AR

The force vector due to angle of attack is midway between the normal to the body axis and the
normal to the flight path.

NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering