WOOD COLUMNS

General Design Information

Investigation of the strength of a wood column or other member loaded to induce

compression parallel t o grain should take into consideration the following factors:
Type of column, whether solid, spaced or built-up member.
Shape of cross section, whether rectangular, round or other form.
Cross-sectional area of column.
Slenderness ratio or relation of laterally unsupported length to least
dimension of cross section or radius of gyration.
Degree of end fixity.
Amount and type of loading, whether axial only o r axial combined
with bending.
Design values for species and grade of lumber used.
Type and Shape of Column
The most common wood column is a solid member of rectangular or round cross section.
Under certain conditions, members may be nailed or bolted together to form larger columns but
because of the possibility of movement along the joint, such members have lower load capacity
than sawn or round columns.
Spaced columns which consist of two or more pieces with spacer blocks between are
frequently used as top chords of wood trusses. Because ends of the members of a spaced column
are restrained, the degree of end fixity for a spaced column is greater than for the type of simple
column described in the preceding paragraph. The side members and spacer blocks of spaced
columns are connected by means of bolts or bolts and split-ring connectors.
Net Sizes of Lumber
on

Lumber is customarily specified in terms of nominal sizes but calculations must be made
the basis of net dimensions which are tabulated herein for lumber surfaced four sides 64s).

Slenderness Ratio for a Column

The slenderness ratio of a column is a measure of its stiffness. Since the maximum unit
axial stress for a column is calculated through use of the slenderness ratio, it has an important
bearing on the load a column will support.
The slenderness ratio is the laterally unsupported length in inches divided by the
appropriate cross-sectional dimension in inches. The laterally unsupported length, e , is measured
parallel to the longitudinal axis and is the distance between supports which restrain the column
against lateral movement in the direction in which the cross-sectional dimension, d, i s measured.
This is illustrated in Figure 12.

WOOD COLUMNS

Figure 12. Slenderness, Ratio Qld, for Simple Solid Columns

The cross-sectional dimension, d, of the column is measured perpendicular to the

longitudinal axis of the column, on the face which is parallel to the plane of lateral support. Since
each rectangular column has two faces, and two major axes or planes for lateral support, both
slenderness ratios, V , / d l and !Z2/d2, should be checked and the larger one used in design.
Design Stresses
Design values applicable to design of wood columns or other compression members for the most
frequently encountered conditions of use are given ..I the National Design Specification for Wood
Construction. As indicated therein, these design values may be subject to adjustment for different
moisture service conditions or durations of loading.
Moisture service condition modification factors are given in the National Design
Specification for Wood Construction. Modification factors for duration of load are described on
pages I3 t o I 5 herein. Modulus of elasticity design values, E, are not subject t o adjustment for
duration of load.

All modifications of design values should be made before calculating the column working
stress, Fc . Calculated values of Fc are not subject to further adjustment for moisture service
condition or duration of loading.

203
NOOD COLUMNS

Solid Columns

The tabulated compression design value, F,, shall he multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors to
determine the allowable compression design value, Fc, for square or rectangular simple, solid columns. The
column stability factor, C,, shall be calculated as follows:

-1-

C,= 1 +(Fa IFc*)

2c

in which
= tabulated com ression design value multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors except C,
F,*
F,,
= KcE EI(P,/d)

K,,
K,,
c
c
c

=
=
=
=
=

0.3 for visually graded lumber and MEL

0.418 for products with COVE 5 0.11 (see NDS Appendix F.2)
0.8 for sawn lumber
0.85 for round timber piles
0.9 for glued laminated timber

When a compression member is supported throughout its length to prevent lateral displacement in all
directions, C, = 1.0.
Limitation on P,ld Ratio
The slenderness ratio for solid columns, PJd, shall not exceed 50, except that during construction P,/d shall
not exceed 75.
Column Fixity
The effective column length, e,, for a solid column shall be determined in accordance with good engineering
practice. The formulas for solid columns are based on pin-end conditions but may also he applied to square-end
conditions. Where column end conditions provide less stability than pin-end conditions, the effective length of
the column for design purposes shall be increased accordingly. Where column end conditions provide greater
stability than pin-end conditions, such as may occur for a truss compression chord or when a column is
continuous through more than one story, the increased degree of fixity should be evaluated and the effective
length of the column for design purposes may he reduced accordingly. Actual column length shall he permitted
to be multiplied by the appropriate buckling length coefficient specified in NDS Appendix G to determine
effective column length, P , = (KJP).
For solid columns with rectangular cross section, the slenderness ratio, PJd, shall be taken as the larger of
the ratios P,,/d, or P,,/d, (see Figure 12) where each ratio has been adjusted by the appropriate buckling length
coefficient, K,, from NDS Appendix G.
Round Columns
The design load for a column of round cross section may be taken as the same as that for a square column
of the same cross-sectional area. Thus, the d used in determining the tJd ratio should be 0.886 times the
diameter of the round column.

204
WOOD COLUMNS

Tapered Round Columns

For design of a column with rectangular cross section, tapered at one
dimension, d, for each face of the column shall be derived as follows:

d=d,+(d,-d&
in which
d,
dmx

or

both ends, the representative

1 1 ::I

a-0.1 1--

the minimum dimension for that face of the column

the maximum dimension for that face of the column

S U D WConditions
~~

Large end fixed, small end unsupported or simply supported

a = 0.70

Small end fixed, large end unsupported or simply supported

a = 0.30

Both ends simply supported:

Tapered toward one end
Tapered toward both ends

a = 0.50
a = 0.70

For all other support conditions:

d=d, +(d- -d&( 113)

Calculations of f, and C, shall be based on the representative dimension, d. In addition, f, at any cross
section in the tapered column shall not exceed the tabulated compression design value parallel to grain multiplied
by all applicable adjustment factors except the column stability factor, f, 4 (FJ(CD)(CM)(C,).
Built-up Columns with Mechanical Fastenings
Arrangement of laminations joined by nails, bolts or other mechanical fastenings into a built-up column
assembly will not make a column fully equal in strength to a one-piece member of comparable material and
dimensions. The following provisions apply to nailed or bolted built-up columns with 2 to 5 laminationsin which
each lamination has a rectangular cross section and is at least 1-10" thick. The provisions also require that all
laminations have the same depth (face width), d, that faces of adjacent laminations are in contact and all
laminations are full column length. Adequate nailing or bolting shall be required in accordance with NDS criteria
(sections 15.3.3 or 15.3.4). When individual laminations are. of different species, grades, or thicknesses, the
lesser allowable compression parallel to grain design value, Fc', and modulus of elasticity, E', for the weakest
lamination shall apply.
The column stability factor, C,, shall he calculated in accordance with provisions found on page 203. The
column stability factor, C,, shall be modified (multiplied) by 0.60 for built-up columns nailed in accordance with
NDS section 15.3.3 or by 0.75 for built-up columns bolted in accordance with NDS section 15.3.4. The
effective column length, P e , and slenderness ratio, PJd, shall be determined in accordance with provisions found
on page 203.

205
WOOD COLUMNS

Spaced Columns
Spaced columns are formed of two or more individual solid members with their longitudinal axes parallel,
separated at the ends and at one or more intermediate points of their length by blocking and joined at the ends
by split ring or shear plate connectors capable of developing the required shear resistance. As a result of the
end fixity developed by the split ring or shear plate connectors and spacer blocks, the maximum unit stress, Fc',
for members of spaced columns may be greater than that allowed for simple solid columns having the same 9Jd
ratio. A greater PJd ratio may also be accepted for the members of spaced columns. The design load for a
spaced column shall be the sum of the design loads for each of its individual members.
Spaced columns are classified as to degree of end fixity; i.e., end condition "a" or end condition "b". The
magnitude of the spaced column fixity factor, K,, is determined by the end condition. This is illustrated in
Figure 14.

Condition "a": end distance

P1/20; K,=2.5

P I and t2 = distance between points of lateral

support in planes 1 and 2, measured from center
to center of lateral supports for continuous
spaced columns, and measured from end to end
for simple spaced columns, inches.
P, = distance from center of spacer block to
centroid of the group of split ring or shear plate
connectors in end blocks, inches.
d, and 4 = cross-sectional dimensions of
individual rectangular compression members in
planes of lateral support, inches.
Condition "b": P,/20 < end distance
K,=3.0.

Figure 14. Spaced Column Joined by Split Ring or Shear

Plate Conneetors

< 9,110;

206
~~

WOOD COLUMNS
Spacer and End Block Provisions
When a single spacer block is located within the middle tenth of the column length, P I , split ring or shear
plate connectors shall not be required for this block. If there are two or more spacer blocks, split ring or shear
plate connectors shall be required and the distance between two adjacent blocks shall not exceed 1/2 the distance
between centers of split ring or shear plate connectors in the end blocks.
For spaced columns used as compression members of a truss, a panel point which is stayed laterally shall
considered as the end of the spaced column, and the portion of the web members, between the individual
pieces making up a spaced column, shall he permitted to be considered as the end blocks.
be

Dimensions for Spacer and End Blocks

Thickness of spacer and end blocks shall not be less than that of individual members of the spaced column
and length of spacer and end blocks be less than required for split ring or shear plate
connectors of a size and number capable of cawing the load computed in 15.2.2.5. Blocks thicker than a side
member do not appreciably increase load capacity.
nor shall thickness, width,

Connectors in End Blocks

To obtain spaced column action the split ring or shear plate connectors in each mutually contacting surface
of end block and individual member at each end of a spaced column shall provide the appropriate load capacity
specified in the NDS.

Design of Spaced Columns

The effective column length, P,, for a spaced column shall he determined in accordance with good
engineering practice. Actual column length shall be permitted to be multiplied by the appropriate buckling length
coefficient specified in NDS Appendix G to determine effective column length, 0 , = (&)(P), except that the
effective column length, P,, shall not be less than the actual column length, P.
For

individual members of

spaced column (see Figure 14):

(a) Plldl shall not exceed 80, where PI is the distance between lateral supports that provide restraint
perpendicular to the wide faces of the individual members.
(h) Pz/% shall not exceed 50, where P 2 is the distance between lateral supports that provide restraint in a
direction parallel to the wide faces of the individual members.
(c) P3/dl shall not exceed 40, where P 3 is the distance between the center of the spacer block and the
centroid of the group of split ring or shear plate connectors in an end block.
The column stability factor shall be calculated as follows:

in which
F,' =
FcE =
KcE =
KcE =

tabulated compression design value multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors except C,
K,, K, E' I(PJd)'
0.3 for visually graded lumber and machine evaluated lumber (MEL)
0.418 for products with COVE s O . 1 1 (see NDS Appendix F.2)

(see

2.3)

207
WOOD COLUMNS
Kx
Kx

2.5 for fixity condition a

3.0 for fixity condition b

0.9 for glued laminated timber

0.8 for sawn lumber

When individual members of a spaced column are of different species, grades, or thicknesses, the lesser
allowable compression parallel to grain design value, Fc, for the weaker member shall apply to both members.
The allowable compression parallel to grain design value, Fc, for a spaced column shall not exceed the
allowable compression parallel to grain design value, Fc, for the individual members evaluated as solid columns
witbout regard to fixity in accordance with page 203 using the column slenderness ratio P,/d, (see Figure 14).
Combined Axial and Bending Loading
The equations on page 34 for combined flexure and axial loading apply to spaced columns only for uniaxial
bending in a direction parallel to the wide face of the individual member (dimension d2 in Figure 14). Such
members are in equilibrium when:

in which
fc

<

FeEl

K,E E (fei/di)2

fbl = actual edgewise bending stress (hending load applied to narrow face of member)
d, = wide face dimension
d, = narrow face dimension

Effective column length, P,l shall be determined in accordance with page 203. F, and FcEl shall he determined
in accordance with page 203 using the slenderness ratio, PJd, applicable to the plane being checked. Fbl shall
be determined in accordance with page 32. The load duration factor, C,, associated with the shortest duration
load in a combination of loads shall be permitted to be used to calculate F, and Fbl. All applicable load
combinations shall be evaluated to determine the critical load combination (see pages 14 and 15).

WOO0 COLUMNS
Solution of Hankinson Formula

The compressive strength of wood depends on the direction of the applied load. It is
highest parallel to the grain and lowest perpendicular to grain. The variation in strength at angles
between parallel and perpendicular is determined by the Hankinson formula which is as follows:
Fg Fcl

Fn =

Fgsin*O + Fc, cos20

design value for end grain in bearing parallel to the grain, psi.
Fg =
F = design value in compression perpendicular to the grain, psi.
C l

= Angle between the direction of grain and direction of load

normal to the face considered.
= design value in compression at inclination 8 with the
direction of grain.

The Hankinson formula is for the condition where the loaded surface is perpendicular to
the direction of the load. Where the resultant force is at an angle other than 9 0 with the
surface under construction, the angle 8 is the angle between the direction of grain and the
direction of the force component which is perpendicular to the surface.
The following table lists Sin2@ and Cos2 8 for various angles of 8

0.00000
.00760
.03015
.06698
.11698
.17860
.25000
.32899
.41318
.50000

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
36
40
45

1.00000
.99240
.96985
.93302
.88302
. 8 2 140
.75000
.67101
.58682
.50000

.58682
.67101
.75000

.82140
.88302
.93302
.96985
.99240

1.00000

50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90

.41318
.32899
.25000
.17860
.11698
.06698
.03015
.00760
. 00000

Graphic solution to the Hankinson formula is shown in Figure 15. EXAMPLE. Assume an Fg
value of 960 psi, and Fc, value of 360 psi and an angle 0 of 35'. On line AB locate 360 psi and project to
line AC. On same line AB locate 960 psi and project to point m on line. Where line m-n intersects the
radial for 35" project to line AB and read 620 psi.

WOOD COLUMNS

12
II

10
n
9

\
9

5
4

A
Figure

Graphic SC

In

son Formula

WOOD COLUMNS

WOOD COLUMNS
Use of Tabular Column Data
The tabular data included herein for unit axial stresses provides a simplified and accurate method for calculating
design loads on columns of any size and length. The load is determined by multiplying the appropriate tabular unit
stress by the cross-sectional area of the member, based on net dimensions. Where the degree of refinement so
indicates, the weight of the column should he deducted to determine the design load which may be applied.
Unit axial stresses are provided for simple solid columns, spaced columns with end condition "a" and spaced
columns with end condition "h".
Ratio of Pid
The Bid ratio is calculated in the manner previously described in the text on wood columns. Values of F,' for @
d/
ratios intermediate to those given may be determined by straight line interpolation. For example, a simple, solid
column having an F, of 1,200 psi and E of 1,600,000 psi, the F,' for an @idof 28 is 529 psi and the F,' for an P/d
of 29 is 500 psi. F o r an Bid of 28.4, the F,' is 500 + 0.6(529-500) = 517.4 psi.
Design Values of E and F.
Modulus of elasticity, E, and compression parallel to grain, F-, design values for the species and grade of wood to
be used may be obtained from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. If appropriate, E and F,
should be adjusted as previously described for the conditions under which the column will be used.
Tabular values of F,' are provided for a range of E values from 2,100,000 to 900,000 psi, for F, values between
and 3,600 psi as appropriate for each E. Values of F,' for F, values intermediate to those tabulated may be
determined by straight line interpolation. For example, for an @idof 25 and E of 1,400,000 psi, the F,' for an F. of
1000 psi is 543 psi and the F,' for an F, of 800 psi is 502 psi. For an F, of 875 psi, the interpolated F,' is 502 +
751200 (543-502) = 5 17.4 psi.

200

Use of Tabular Data for Round Columns

Unit axial loads for simple solid columns of square cross section may be converted to unit loads for round
columns. First, multiply the column diameter by 0.886 to determine the dimension, d, and then calculate the Pid ratio.
From the tabular data obtain the applicable F,' for that @id ratio and multiply this by the cross sectional area of the
round column to determine the design load for the column.
Conversely, to determine the diameter of a round column required to carry the same total load as a square column,
multiply the dimension d of the square column by 1.128.

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SIMPLE SOLID COLUMNS - l/d from 2 to 30

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

4000
3800
3600
3400
3200

3979
3781
3583
3385
3187

3914
3722
3530
3338
3145

3790
3612
3432
3252
3069

3588
3432
3274
3112
2948

3285
3162
3035
2904
2767

3094
2992
2884
2770
2650

2884
2802
2714
2619
2518

2665
2600
2530
2454
2371

2445
2396
2342
2282
2216

2234
2197
2156
2110
2058

2038
2010
1978
1943
1903

1858
1836
1812
1785
1754

1695
1679
1660
1639
1615

1549
1537
1522
1506
1487

1419
1409
1398
1385
1370

1303
1295
1286
1275
1264

1199
1193
1185
1177
1168

1106
1101
1095
1088
1081

1023
1019
1014
1009
1002

949
945
941
937
932

882
879
876
872
867

822
819
816
813
809

767
765
763
760
757

718
716
714
711
709

673
671
669
667
665

3000
2800
2100000 2600
2400
2200

2988
2790
2591
2393
2194

2952
2758
2564
2370
2175

2886
2701
2516
2329
2140

2781
2611
2439
2265
2088

2625
2479
2327
2172
2011

2525
2393
2255
2112
1963

2409
2294
2172
2042
1906

2281
2183
2077
1963
1841

2143
2062
1973
1875
1768

2000
1935
1862
1779
1688

1857
1805
1746
1679
1602

1719
1678
1631
1576
1513

1588
1556
1518
1475
1423

1465
1440
1411
1376
1334

1353
1333
1309
1281
1248

1250
1234
1215
1193
1166

1157
1144
1129
1110
1088

1072
1061
1049
1034
1016

995
986
976
964
950

925
918
910
900
888

862
856
850
841
831

805
800
794
787
779

753
749
744
738
731

706
702
698
693
687

662
659
656
651
646

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

1995
1796
1597
1397
1198

1979
1783
1587
1390
1193

1951
1761
1569
1376
1183

1908
1727
1543
1357
1169

1847
1678
1505
1329
1149

1808
1647
1482
1312
1137

1762
1612
1455
1292
1123

1710
1571
1424
1269
1107

1651
1525
1389
1243
1089

1586
1473
1349
1214
1068

1515
1416
1305
1182
1046

1440
1355
1257
1146
1020

1362
1291
1206
1107
993

1284
1224
1152
1066
963

1207
1158
1097
1022
931

1133
1092
1041
977
897

1062
1028
986
931
862

994
967
931
886
826

931
909
879
841
790

873
854
829
797
754

819
803
782
755
718

768
755
738
715
683

722
711
696
677
650

679
670
657
641
618

640
632
621
607
587

3600
3400
3200
3000

3582
3384
3186
2988

3527
3335
3143
2950

3423
3243
3062
2880

3254
3095
2933
2768

3000
2872
2740
2602

2839
2731
2616
2495

2660
2571
2475
2373

2470
2399
2322
2237

2277
2222
2161
2094

2089
2047
2000
1947

1911
1879
1843
1802

1747
1722
1695
1663

1597
1578
1557
1532

1462
1447
1431
1411

1341
1329
1316
1301

1232
1223
1213
1200

1135
1128
1119
1109

1048
1042
1035
1027

970
965
959
953

900
896
891
886

837
833
830
825

780
777
774
770

728
726
723
720

682
679
677
674

639
637
635
633

2800
2000000 2600
2400
2200

2789
2591
2392
2193

2756
2562
2368
2173

2696
2511
2325
2137

2600
2430
2257
2081

2459
2311
2158
2000

2367
2234
2094
1948

2262
2145
2020
1887

2145
2045
1936
1818

2019
1935
1843
1741

1887
1819
1743
1657

1755
1701
1639
1567

1626
1583
1533
1475

1503
1470
1430
1383

1389
1362
1331
1293

1283
1262
1237
1207

1186
1169
1149
1125

1098
1084
1068
1049

1018
1007
994
978

945
936
925
912

879
872
863
852

820
813
806
797

765
760
754
746

716
712
706
700

671
667
663
657

630
627
623
618

2000
1800
1600
1400

1995
1796
1597
1397

1978
1782
1586
1389

1948
1759
1567
1375

1903
1722
1540
1354

1838
1671
1500
1325

1796
1638
1475
1307

1748
1600
1446
1285

1692
1557
1413
1261

1629
1507
1376
1234

1560
1452
1333
1202

1486
1392
1287
1168

1407
1328
1236
1130

1328
1261
1182
1089

1248
1193
1126
1045

1170
1125
1069
1000

1095
1058
1012
953

1024
994
956
907

958
933
902
860

896
876
849
815

839
822
800
771

786
772
753
729

737
725
710
689

692
682
669
652

651
642
631
616

613
605
596
583

211

212

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SIMPLE SOLID COLUMNS - l/d from 2 to 30

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

3600
3400
3200
3000
2800

3582
3384
3185
2987
2789

3523
3331
3139
2947
2754

3412
3234
3054
2873
2690

3232
3076
2916
2754
2588

2960
2837
2709
2575
2436

2790
2687
2577
2461
2339

2602
2519
2429
2332
2227

2405
2340
2268
2190
2103

2208
2158
2103
2040
1971

2018
1981
1938
1890
1835

1841
1813
1780
1743
1701

1679
1657
1632
1604
1571

1532
1516
1496
1474
1449

1401
1388
1373
1355
1335

1283
1273
1261
1247
1232

1178
1170
1160
1150
1137

1084
1078
1070
1061
1051

1000
995
989
982
974

926
921
916
910
903

858
855
850
846
840

798
795
791
787
782

743
741
738
734
730

694
692
689
686
683

649
647
645
643
640

609
607
605
603
601

2600
2400
1900000 2200
2000
1800

2590
2392
2193
1994
1795

2560
2366
2172
1977
1781

2506
2320
2134
1945
1756

2420
2248
2074
1897
1718

2292
2142
1987
1828
1663

2210
2074
1932
1783
1628

2115
1995
1867
1731
1587

2009
1905
1793
1672
1541

1893
1807
1711
1605
1488

1773
1702
1622
1532
1430

1651
1595
1529
1453
1366

1532
1487
1435
1372
1299

1419
1383
1341
1290
1229

1312
1284
1250
1209
1159

1213
1191
1164
1131
1090

1122
1104
1083
1056
1023

1039
1025
1007
986
959

964
952
938
921
898

895
886
874
860
842

833
825
816
804
789

777
770
762
752
740

726
720
713
705
695

679
674
669
662
653

636
632
628
622
614

598
594
590
585
579

1600
1400
1200
1000

1596
1397
1198
999

1585
1389
1192
994

1566
1374
1181
987

1536
1352
1165
976

1494
1320
1143
961

1467
1301
1129
952

1436
1278
1113
941

1401
1252
1095
929

1361
1223
1074
916

1316
1189
1051
901

1266
1153
1025
884

1213
1112
996
865

1156
1069
965
844

1098
1023
932
822

1039
976
896
797

981
928
859
772

925
880
821
744

870
833
783
716

818
787
745
687

769
744
708
658

724
702
672
629

681
663
637
601

641
626
604
573

604
591
573
546

570
559
543
520

3400
3200
3000
2800
2600

3383
3185
2986
2788
2590

3327
3136
2944
2751
2558

3224
3045
2865
2683
2500

3054
2897
2737
2574
2408

2798
2675
2546
2411
2271

2638
2534
2424
2307
2182

2461
2377
2286
2188
2081

2275
2210
2137
2057
1968

2089
2039
1983
1919
1848

1910
1872
1829
1779
1723

1743
1714
1681
1643
1599

1589
1567
1542
1513
1479

1451
1434
1414
1392
1365

1326
1313
1298
1280
1259

1215
1205
1193
1179
1162

1116
1107
1098
1087
1074

1027
1020
1013
1004
993

948
942
936
929
920

877
872
867
861
854

813
809
805
800
794

756
753
749
745
740

704
701
698
695
691

657
655
653
650
646

615
613
611
608
605

576
575
573
571
568

2400
2200
1800000 2000
1800
1600

2391
2193
1994
1795
1596

2364
2170
1975
1780
1584

2315
2130
1942
1754
1564

2238
2066
1891
1713
1532

2124
1973
1816
1654
1487

2051
1913
1768
1616
1458

1966
1843
1712
1573
1425

1871
1765
1649
1523
1387

1767
1678
1577
1466
1344

1658
1584
1500
1404
1296

1548
1488
1418
1337
1243

1438
1391
1334
1267
1187

1333
1296
1250
1195
1128

1234
1204
1168
1123
1068

1142
1119
1089
1053
1007

1058
1039
1015
986
948

980
965
946
922
891

910
897
882
862
837

846
835
823
807
786

787
779
768
755
738

734
727
718
707
693

686
680
673
663
651

642
637
631
623
613

602
598
592
586
577

565
562
557
551
544

1400
1200
1000
800

1397
1198
999
799

1388
1191
994
796

1372
1180
986
791

1349
1163
975
784

1315
1139
959
774

1294
1124
949
768

1270
1107
937
761

1242
1088
925
753

1210
1066
910
745

1175
1041
894
735

1135
1013
876
724

1092
982
856
712

1047
949
833
699

999
913
809
685

950
876
783
669

900
838
756
652

851
798
727
634

804
759
698
614

758
721
668
594

715
683
638
574

674
647
609
552

635
613
580
531

599
580
552
510

565
549
526
489

534
520
500
468

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SIMPLE SOLID COLUMNS - l/d from 2 to 30

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

3200
3000
2800
2600
2400

3184
2986
2788
2589
2391

3132
2940
2748
2555
2362

3035
2856
2675
2493
2310

2875
2718
2558
2394
2227

2636
2512
2382
2246
2104

2486
2381
2270
2151
2025

2320
2235
2143
2043
1934

2145
2079
2005
1924
1833

1970
1920
1862
1797
1724

1802
1764
1719
1669
1610

1644
1615
1582
1542
1496

1500
1478
1452
1422
1386

1369
1352
1332
1309
1281

1252
1239
1223
1205
1183

1147
1136
1124
1110
1092

1053
1045
1035
1024
1010

969
963
955
946
935

895
889
883
875
866

828
823
818
812
804

768
764
759
754
748

713
710
707
702
697

665
662
659
655
651

621
618
616
613
609

581
579
577
574
571

544
543
541
539
536

2200
2000
1700000 1800
1600
1400

2192
1994
1795
1596
1397

2168
1974
1779
1583
1387

2125
1939
1751
1561
1371

2057
1883
1707
1528
1345

1956
1803
1644
1479
1310

1892
1751
1603
1448
1287

1817
1691
1556
1413
1261

1733
1623
1502
1371
1231

1640
1547
1442
1325
1196

1543
1465
1375
1273
1158

1443
1379
1305
1217
1116

1343
1292
1231
1158
1070

1247
1207
1157
1096
1022

1156
1124
1084
1034
972

1072
1046
1014
973
921

993
972
947
913
870

921
904
883
856
821

855
842
825
803
773

795
784
770
752
728

741
732
720
705
685

691
683
674
661
644

646
639
631
621
607

605
599
592
584
572

567
562
557
549
539

533
529
524
517
509

1200
1000
800
600

1198
998
799
599

1191
994
796
598

1179
985
791
595

1160
973
783
591

1135
956
772
585

1119
945
766
581

1101
933
759
577

1080
919
750
573

1056
904
741
568

1029
886
731
563

999
867
719
557

966
845
706
550

931
821
692
543

893
795
676
535

854
768
659
526

814
739
641
517

773
709
621
506

733
678
601
495

695
648
580
484

657
617
558
471

621
587
536
458

587
558
514
445

555
531
493
431

525
504
471
417

497
479
451
403

3200
3000
2800
2600
2400

3183
2985
2787
2589
2390

3127
2936
2745
2553
2360

3023
2846
2667
2486
2304

2850
2697
2540
2379
2214

2592
2474
2349
2219
2081

2431
2333
2229
2116
1996

2256
2178
2093
2000
1898

2075
2015
1948
1874
1790

1897
1852
1800
1742
1675

1728
1694
1655
1610
1557

1572
1546
1517
1482
1441

1430
1411
1388
1362
1330

1303
1288
1270
1250
1226

1189
1177
1164
1148
1129

1088
1079
1068
1056
1041

998
991
982
972
960

918
912
905
897
888

846
842
836
830
822

783
779
774
769
762

725
722
718
714
709

674
671
668
664
660

628
625
623
620
616

586
584
582
579
576

548
546
544
542
539

514
512
511
509
506

2200
2000
1600000 1800
1600
1400

2192
1993
1795
1596
1397

2166
1972
1778
1582
1387

2120
1934
1747
1559
1369

2046
1875
1700
1522
1342

1938
1788
1632
1470
1303

1868
1732
1588
1437
1278

1787
1667
1537
1398
1250

1697
1593
1479
1354
1217

1599
1512
1414
1303
1180

1497
1426
1343
1248
1139

1393
1337
1269
1188
1094

1293
1247
1193
1126
1045

1196
1161
1117
1062
994

1106
1078
1043
998
942

1022
1000
972
936
890

946
928
905
876
838

876
861
843
820
788

812
801
786
766
741

755
745
733
717
696

702
694
684
671
654

655
648
640
629
614

611
606
599
590
577

572
567
561
554
543

536
532
527
521
512

503
500
496
490
483

1200
1000
800
600

1198
998
799
599

1190
993
796
598

1177
984
790
594

1158
971
782
590

1130
953
771
584

1113
941
764
580

1093
928
756
576

1070
913
747
571

1045
896
737
566

1015
877
725
560

983
856
713
554

948
833
699
546

910
807
683
538

870
779
666
530

829
750
648
520

788
719
628
510

746
688
608
499

706
656
586
487

667
625
564
475

629
594
541
461

594
564
519
447

560
535
496
433

529
508
474
419

500
481
453
404

472
457
432
389

213

214

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SIMPLE SOLID COLUMNS - l/d from 2 to 30

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

3000
2800
2600
2400
2200

2984
2786
2588
2390
2191

2932
2741
2549
2357
2164

2834
2657
2478
2297
2114

2672
2519
2361
2200
2034

2430
2312
2187
2055
1916

2279
2181
2076
1962
1840

2115
2037
1951
1857
1752

1945
1885
1818
1742
1656

1778
1733
1681
1621
1552

1620
1586
1546
1500
1446

1473
1448
1418
1382
1340

1341
1321
1298
1271
1238

1221
1206
1189
1168
1142

1115
1103
1089
1073
1053

1020
1011
1000
987
971

936
928
920
909
897

861
855
848
839
829

794
789
783
776
768

734
730
725
720
713

680
677
673
668
663

632
629
626
622
617

589
586
584
580
576

549
547
545
542
539

514
512
510
508
505

482
480
478
476
474

2000
1800
1500000 1600
1400
1200

1993
1794
1595
1396
1197

1970
1776
1581
1386
1189

1930
1743
1556
1366
1176

1865
1693
1517
1337
1155

1770
1618
1460
1295
1125

1709
1570
1423
1269
1106

1639
1515
1381
1238
1085

1559
1452
1333
1202
1060

1473
1382
1279
1162
1032

1382
1307
1219
1117
1000

1290
1229
1156
1069
965

1199
1150
1090
1017
927

1111
1073
1024
964
887

1029
998
959
909
845

952
928
897
856
802

881
862
837
804
759

817
801
781
754
717

758
745
729
707
676

705
694
681
662
637

656
647
636
621
600

612
605
595
583
565

572
565
558
547
532

535
530
523
514
502

502
497
491
484
473

471
467
462
456
447

1000
800
600
400

998
799
599
400

993
795
597
399

983
789
594
397

969
781
589
395

949
768
583
392

937
761
579
391

923
752
574
389

906
743
569
387

888
732
563
385

867
719
557
382

844
705
550
379

819
690
542
376

791
673
533
373

761
655
524
369

730
635
514
365

698
614
502
361

665
592
490
356

633
569
478
351

601
546
464
345

569
523
450
339

539
500
435
333

511
477
420
327

483
454
405
320

458
433
390
312

434
412
375
305

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

2785
2587
2389
2191
1992

2736
2545
2354
2161
1968

2645
2468
2288
2107
1924

2494
2341
2182
2020
1854

2268
2149
2024
1890
1750

2127
2029
1923
1807
1683

1974
1896
1809
1713
1606

1816
1755
1687
1609
1521

1660
1614
1561
1500
1429

1512
1478
1437
1390
1333

1375
1349
1319
1282
1238

1251
1232
1208
1180
1146

1140
1125
1107
1085
1058

1040
1029
1015
998
977

952
943
932
918
902

873
866
857
846
833

803
797
790
782
771

741
736
730
723
715

685
681
676
670
663

635
631
628
623
617

590
587
584
580
575

549
547
544
541
537

513
511
508
506
502

480
478
476
473
470

449
448
446
444
442

1800
1400000 1600
1400
1200

1794
1595
1396
1197

1774
1580
1385
1189

1739
1552
1364
1174

1684
1510
1332
1151

1602
1448
1286
1119

1550
1408
1257
1098

1489
1362
1223
1075

1421
1309
1184
1047

1346
1250
1140
1017

1266
1186
1092
982

1185
1119
1040
944

1104
1051
985
903

1025
983
929
860

951
917
874
816

881
854
819
772

817
795
767
728

758
740
717
685

704
690
671
644

654
643
627
606

610
600
587
569

569
561
550
535

532
525
516
503

498
492
484
474

467
462
455
446

438
434
429
421

998
799
599
400

992
795
597
399

982
789
594
397

967
779
588
395

945
766
581
392

932
758
577
390

916
748
572
388

898
738
567
386

878
726
560
383

855
712
553
381

830
697
546
377

802
680
537
374

772
662
528
370

741
642
517
366

708
621
506
362

674
598
494
357

640
575
481
352

607
551
467
346

574
526
452
340

543
502
437
334

513
479
422
327

485
456
406
320

458
433
390
312

433
412
375
305

410
392
359
297

1000
800
600
400

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SIMPLE SOLID COLUMNS - l/d from 2 to 30

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

2784
2586
2388
2190
1992

2731
2541
2350
2158
1966

2631
2456
2279
2099
1918

2465
2316
2162
2004
1841

2216
2106
1987
1861
1726

2064
1975
1877
1769
1652

1902
1833
1755
1667
1568

1738
1686
1625
1556
1476

1580
1541
1495
1442
1378

1433
1404
1369
1328
1279

1299
1277
1251
1220
1182

1178
1162
1142
1118
1089

1071
1058
1043
1025
1002

976
966
954
940
922

892
884
875
863
850

817
811
803
795
783

751
746
740
733
724

692
688
683
677
670

639
636
632
627
621

592
589
586
582
577

550
548
545
542
537

512
510
508
505
501

478
476
474
472
469

447
445
444
442
439

419
417
416
414
412

1800
1600
1300000 1400
1200
1000

1793
1595
1396
1197
998

1772
1578
1383
1188
992

1734
1548
1361
1172
980

1673
1502
1326
1147
964

1584
1433
1276
1111
940

1526
1389
1244
1089
925

1459
1338
1206
1063
908

1385
1281
1163
1033
889

1304
1217
1115
999
866

1220
1149
1063
961
841

1135
1078
1007
920
814

1053
1007
949
876
783

974
938
891
830
751

900
872
834
784
717

832
809
779
739
682

769
751
727
694
647

712
698
678
651
612

661
649
633
611
578

614
604
591
573
546

571
563
552
537
515

532
526
517
504
485

497
491
484
473
458

465
460
454
445
432

436
432
426
419
408

409
406
401
395
385

800
600
400
200

799
599
400
200

795
597
399
200

788
593
397
199

777
587
395
199

763
580
391
198

754
575
389
197

744
570
387
197

732
564
385
196

719
557
382
196

704
549
379
195

687
541
375
194

669
531
372
194

649
521
368
193

627
509
363
192

604
497
358
191

580
483
353
190

555
469
347
188

530
454
341
187

505
439
335
186

480
423
328
185

456
406
320
183

433
390
312
181

411
374
304
180

390
358
296
178

370
342
287
176

2600
2400
2200
2000
1800

2585
2387
2189
1991
1793

2536
2345
2154
1962
1770

2442
2267
2090
1910
1728

2287
2138
1984
1825
1661

2054
1944
1825
1697
1561

1912
1823
1724
1616
1497

1761
1692
1613
1524
1424

1608
1556
1495
1425
1342

1462
1423
1377
1322
1256

1325
1296
1261
1219
1168

1200
1179
1153
1121
1081

1089
1072
1053
1028
998

990
977
962
943
919

902
892
880
865
847

824
816
807
795
780

755
748
741
732
720

693
688
682
675
666

639
635
630
624
616

590
587
583
578
572

547
544
541
537
531

508
506
503
499
495

473
471
468
466
462

441
439
437
435
432

413
411
409
407
405

387
385
384
382
380

1600
1200000 1400
1200
1000

1594
1396
1197
998

1576
1382
1187
991

1544
1357
1169
979

1492
1319
1142
960

1416
1263
1103
934

1367
1228
1078
918

1311
1186
1049
899

1247
1139
1015
877

1178
1086
978
852

1106
1029
936
825

1032
970
891
794

959
909
844
761

889
849
797
726

823
791
749
690

762
736
702
653

705
685
657
617

654
637
615
582

606
593
575
548

564
553
538
515

525
516
503
485

489
482
472
456

457
451
442
429

428
423
415
404

401
397
390
381

377
373
368
360

799
599
400
200

794
597
399
200

787
593
397
199

775
586
394
199

759
578
390
198

750
573
388
197

738
567
386
197

725
560
383
196

710
552
380
195

694
544
377
195

675
534
373
194

655
524
369
193

633
512
364
192

609
500
359
191

584
486
354
190

558
471
348
189

532
456
342
187

506
440
335
186

480
423
328
185

456
406
320
183

431
389
312
181

409
372
303
179

387
356
295
178

366
340
286
176

347
324
276
173

800
600
400
200

215

216

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SIMPLE SOLID COLUMNS - l/d from 2 to 30

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000

1792
1594
1395
1196
998

1767
1574
1380
1186
990

1720
1538
1353
1166
977

1646
1481
1311
1136
956

1534
1395
1248
1092
927

1462
1341
1208
1064
909

1381
1278
1161
1031
888

1293
1208
1109
994
863

1201
1133
1051
952
835

1110
1056
990
907
805

1021
980
926
858
771

938
906
864
808
735

861
836
803
758
697

790
771
745
709
659

727
711
691
662
621

669
657
640
617
584

617
607
594
576
549

571
563
552
537
515

529
522
513
501
483

491
486
478
468
453

457
452
446
438
425

426
422
417
410
400

398
395
391
385
376

373
370
366
361
354

350
347
344
340
333

800
600
400
200

798
599
400
200

794
596
398
200

785
592
396
199

773
585
393
198

755
576
390
197

744
570
387
197

731
563
384
196

717
556
381
196

700
547
378
195

682
538
374
194

661
527
370
193

638
515
366
192

614
502
360
191

588
488
355
190

561
473
349
189

534
457
342
187

507
440
335
186

480
423
328
185

454
405
319
183

429
387
311
181

405
370
302
179

383
352
293
177

361
336
283
175

342
320
274
173

323
304
264
170

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

1989
1791
1593
1395
1196

1955
1763
1571
1378
1184

1889
1712
1531
1348
1162

1782
1627
1466
1300
1128

1620
1500
1370
1229
1079

1519
1420
1308
1184
1047

1410
1330
1238
1131
1010

1297
1235
1161
1073
968

1186
1139
1081
1009
921

1080
1045
1000
943
871

982
956
922
877
819

894
873
847
813
767

814
799
778
752
715

743
731
715
694
665

680
670
658
641
618

624
616
606
593
575

574
568
560
549
534

529
524
518
509
497

489
485
480
473
463

453
450
446
440
432

421
418
415
410
403

392
390
387
383
377

366
364
362
358
353

343
341
339
336
331

321
320
318
315
311

1000
800
600
400
200

997
798
599
400
200

989
793
596
398
200

974
784
591
396
199

952
770
583
393
198

919
750
573
388
197

898
738
566
386
197

874
723
559
383
196

846
707
551
379
195

815
688
541
376
194

780
667
530
371
193

743
643
518
367
192

704
618
505
361
191

664
591
490
356
190

624
563
474
349
189

585
535
457
342
188

548
506
440
335
186

512
478
421
327
184

479
451
403
318
183

448
425
384
309
181

419
400
366
300
179

393
377
348
290
177

369
355
330
280
174

346
335
314
270
172

325
316
298
260
169

306
298
283
250
167

1600
1400
1200
1000

1592
1394
1196
997

1568
1376
1182
988

1522
1342
1158
971

1449
1287
1119
945

1337
1206
1062
908

1267
1153
1026
884

1188
1094
983
856

1105
1028
936
824

1019
960
884
789

936
890
829
750

857
821
774
709

784
756
719
667

717
696
667
625

657
640
617
584

602
589
571
545

554
543
529
508

510
502
490
473

471
464
455
441

436
431
423
411

405
400
394
384

376
372
367
359

351
347
343
336

328
325
321
315

307
304
301
296

287
285
283
278

800
600
400
200

798
599
400
200

792
596
398
200

782
590
396
199

766
581
392
198

743
570
387
197

729
562
384
196

713
554
381
195

694
544
377
195

672
533
372
194

648
520
368
193

622
506
362
192

593
491
356
190

564
475
350
189

534
457
342
187

504
438
334
186

474
419
326
184

446
399
317
182

419
380
307
180

393
360
297
178

369
342
287
176

346
324
276
173

326
306
266
171

306
290
255
168

289
275
244
165

272
260
234
162

1100000

1000000

900000

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SIMPLE SOLID COLUMNS - l/d from 30 to 50

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

4000
3800
3600
3400
3200

673
671
669
667
665

632
630
629
627
625

594
593
592
590
589

560
559
558
557
555

529
528
527
526
524

500
499
498
497
496

473
473
472
471
470

449
448
447
447
446

426
426
425
424
423

405
405
404
403
403

386
385
385
384
383

367
367
366
366
365

350
350
350
349
349

335
334
334
333
333

320
320
319
319
318

306
306
305
305
305

293
293
293
292
292

281
281
280
280
280

270
269
269
269
269

259
259
258
258
258

249
249
248
248
248

3000
2800
2100000 2600
2400
2200

662
659
656
651
646

623
620
617
613
609

587
584
582
578
575

553
551
549
546
543

523
521
519
517
514

495
493
491
489
487

469
467
466
464
462

445
443
442
440
438

422
421
420
419
417

402
401
400
398
397

383
382
381
379
378

365
364
363
362
361

348
347
346
346
344

332
332
331
330
329

318
317
317
316
315

304
304
303
302
302

291
291
290
290
289

279
279
279
278
277

268
268
267
267
266

258
257
257
256
256

248
247
247
246
246

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

640
632
621
607
587

603
596
587
575
558

570
564
556
546
531

539
534
527
518
505

510
506
500
492
481

483
479
474
467
458

459
455
451
445
436

436
433
429
423
416

415
412
408
404
397

395
392
389
385
379

376
374
371
368
362

359
357
355
351
347

343
341
339
336
332

328
326
324
322
318

314
312
310
308
305

300
299
298
295
292

288
287
285
283
281

276
275
274
272
270

265
264
263
261
259

255
254
253
251
249

245
244
243
242
240

3600
3400
3200
3000

639
637
635
633

600
599
597
595

565
564
562
560

532
531
530
528

503
502
500
499

475
474
473
472

450
449
448
447

427
426
425
424

405
405
404
403

385
385
384
383

367
366
366
365

349
349
348
348

333
333
332
332

318
318
318
317

304
304
304
303

291
291
290
290

279
279
278
278

267
267
267
266

256
256
256
256

246
246
246
246

237
236
236
236

2800
2000000 2600
2400
2200

630
627
623
618

593
590
586
582

558
556
553
549

527
524
522
519

498
496
493
491

471
469
467
465

446
445
443
441

423
422
420
419

402
401
400
398

382
381
380
379

364
363
362
361

347
346
345
344

331
331
330
329

316
316
315
314

303
302
301
300

290
289
288
288

277
277
276
276

266
266
265
264

255
255
254
254

245
245
244
244

236
235
235
234

2000
1800
1600
1400

613
605
596
583

577
571
563
552

545
540
533
523

515
511
504
496

488
484
478
471

462
458
454
448

438
435
431
426

416
414
410
405

396
393
390
386

377
375
372
368

359
357
355
351

343
341
339
336

327
326
324
321

313
311
310
307

299
298
296
294

287
286
284
282

275
274
272
271

264
263
261
260

253
252
251
250

243
242
241
240

234
233
232
231

217

218

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SIMPLE SOLID COLUMNS - l/d from 30 to 50

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

3600
3400
3200
3000

609
607
605
603

572
570
569
567

538
537
535
534

507
506
505
503

478
477
476
475

452
451
451
449

428
428
427
426

406
405
405
404

385
385
384
383

366
366
365
365

349
348
348
347

332
332
331
331

317
317
316
316

303
302
302
302

289
289
289
288

277
277
276
276

265
265
265
264

254
254
254
253

244
244
243
243

234
234
234
233

225
225
225
224

2800
2600
1900000 2400
2200
2000

601
598
594
590
585

565
562
559
556
551

532
530
527
524
520

502
500
497
495
491

474
472
470
468
465

448
447
445
443
440

425
423
422
420
418

403
402
400
399
397

383
382
380
379
377

364
363
362
361
359

346
346
345
344
342

330
330
329
328
326

315
314
314
313
312

301
300
300
299
298

288
287
287
286
285

275
275
274
274
273

264
263
263
262
262

253
253
252
252
251

243
242
242
241
241

233
233
232
232
231

224
224
223
223
222

1800
1600
1400
1200

579
570
559
543

546
538
529
515

515
509
501
489

487
482
475
465

461
457
450
442

437
433
428
420

415
411
407
400

394
391
387
381

375
372
368
363

357
355
351
347

340
338
335
331

325
323
320
316

310
308
306
303

297
295
293
290

284
282
280
278

272
270
269
266

261
259
258
256

250
249
247
245

240
239
238
236

231
230
228
227

222
221
220
218

3400
3200
3000
2800
2600

576
575
573
571
568

541
540
538
536
534

509
508
507
505
503

480
479
478
476
475

453
452
451
450
448

428
428
427
426
424

406
405
404
403
402

385
384
383
382
381

365
365
364
363
362

347
347
346
345
345

330
330
329
329
328

315
314
314
313
313

300
300
299
299
298

287
286
286
286
285

274
274
273
273
273

262
262
262
261
261

251
251
251
250
250

241
241
240
240
240

231
231
231
230
230

222
222
221
221
221

213
213
213
213
212

2400
2200
1800000 2000
1800
1600

565
562
557
551
544

532
528
525
520
513

501
498
495
491
485

473
470
467
464
459

447
445
442
439
435

423
421
419
416
412

401
399
397
395
391

380
379
377
375
372

361
360
358
356
354

344
342
341
339
337

327
326
325
323
321

312
311
310
308
307

298
297
296
295
293

284
284
283
282
280

272
271
270
269
268

260
260
259
258
257

249
249
248
247
246

239
239
238
237
236

230
229
228
228
227

220
220
219
219
218

212
212
211
210
210

1400
1200
1000
800

534
520
500
468

505
493
476
448

478
468
453
428

453
444
431
410

429
421
410
392

407
401
391
375

387
381
372
358

368
363
355
343

351
346
339
328

334
330
324
314

319
315
310
301

304
301
296
289

291
288
284
277

278
276
272
266

266
264
261
255

255
253
250
245

245
243
240
236

235
233
231
227

226
224
222
218

217
215
213
210

209
207
205
202

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SIMPLE SOLID COLUMNS - l/d from 30 to 50

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

3200
3000
2800
2600
2400

544
543
541
539
536

511
510
508
506
504

481
480
478
477
475

453
452
451
450
448

428
427
426
425
423

405
404
403
402
400

383
382
381
380
379

363
363
362
361
360

345
344
344
343
342

328
327
327
326
325

312
312
311
310
310

297
297
296
296
295

284
283
283
282
282

271
270
270
270
269

259
259
258
258
257

248
247
247
247
246

237
237
237
236
236

227
227
227
227
226

218
218
218
217
217

209
209
209
209
208

201
201
201
201
200

2200
2000
1700000 1800
1600
1400

533
529
524
517
509

501
498
493
488
480

472
469
466
461
454

446
443
440
436
430

421
419
416
413
408

399
397
394
391
387

378
376
374
371
367

359
357
355
353
349

341
339
338
335
332

324
323
321
319
317

309
308
306
304
302

294
293
292
291
288

281
280
279
277
276

268
268
267
265
264

257
256
255
254
252

246
245
244
243
242

235
235
234
233
232

226
225
224
224
222

217
216
215
215
214

208
208
207
206
205

200
200
199
198
198

1200
1000
800
600

497
479
451
403

470
455
430
388

445
432
411
374

422
411
393
360

401
391
375
346

381
372
358
333

362
355
342
320

345
338
327
308

328
322
313
296

313
308
299
284

299
294
287
273

286
281
275
263

273
269
263
252

261
258
253
243

250
247
242
234

240
237
233
225

230
228
224
217

221
219
215
209

212
210
207
201

204
202
199
194

196
195
192
187

3200
3000
2800
2600
2400

514
512
511
509
506

482
481
480
478
476

454
453
451
450
448

428
427
426
424
423

404
403
402
401
399

382
381
380
379
378

361
361
360
359
358

342
342
341
340
339

325
325
324
323
322

309
309
308
307
307

294
294
293
293
292

280
280
279
279
278

267
267
267
266
266

255
255
255
254
254

244
244
243
243
242

233
233
233
232
232

223
223
223
223
222

214
214
214
213
213

206
205
205
205
205

197
197
197
197
196

190
189
189
189
189

2200
2000
1600000 1800
1600
1400

503
500
496
490
483

474
471
467
462
456

446
443
440
436
431

421
419
416
412
407

398
396
393
390
386

376
375
372
370
366

357
355
353
351
347

338
337
335
333
330

321
320
319
317
314

306
305
303
302
299

291
290
289
287
285

278
277
276
274
272

265
264
263
262
260

253
252
251
250
249

242
241
241
240
238

232
231
230
229
228

222
221
221
220
219

213
212
212
211
210

204
204
203
202
202

196
196
195
195
194

188
188
188
187
186

1200
1000
800
600

472
457
432
389

447
433
412
375

423
411
393
360

401
391
375
346

380
371
357
333

361
353
341
319

343
336
326
306

326
320
311
294

311
306
297
282

296
292
284
271

283
278
272
260

270
266
260
250

258
255
249
240

247
244
239
231

236
234
229
222

226
224
220
213

217
215
212
205

209
207
203
198

200
199
196
191

193
191
188
184

185
184
181
177

219

220

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SIMPLE SOLID COLUMNS - l/d from 30 to 50

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

3000
2800
2600
2400
2200

482
480
478
476
474

452
451
449
448
446

425
424
423
421
420

401
400
399
397
396

378
378
377
375
374

358
357
356
355
354

339
338
337
336
335

321
320
320
319
318

305
304
304
303
302

290
289
289
288
287

276
275
275
274
273

263
262
262
261
261

251
250
250
249
249

239
239
239
238
238

229
228
228
228
227

219
219
218
218
217

210
209
209
209
208

201
201
200
200
200

193
192
192
192
192

185
185
185
184
184

178
178
177
177
177

2000
1800
1500000 1600
1400
1200

471
467
462
456
447

443
440
436
430
422

417
415
411
406
400

394
391
388
384
378

372
370
367
364
359

352
350
348
345
340

334
332
330
327
323

317
315
313
311
308

301
300
298
296
293

286
285
284
282
279

273
272
270
269
266

260
259
258
256
254

248
247
246
245
243

237
236
235
234
232

227
226
225
224
222

217
216
216
214
213

208
207
207
206
204

199
199
198
197
196

191
191
190
189
188

184
183
183
182
181

177
176
176
175
174

1000
800
600
400

434
412
375
305

411
393
360
297

390
374
346
289

370
356
331
281

351
339
318
273

334
323
305
264

318
308
292
256

302
294
280
248

288
281
268
240

275
269
257
232

263
257
247
224

251
246
237
217

240
235
227
209

230
226
218
202

220
216
210
195

211
208
202
189

202
199
194
182

194
192
187
176

187
184
180
170

180
177
173
164

173
171
167
159

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

449
448
446
444
442

422
421
419
417
415

397
396
395
393
391

374
373
372
371
369

353
352
351
350
349

334
333
332
331
330

316
315
315
314
313

300
299
298
297
296

284
284
283
283
282

270
270
269
269
268

257
257
256
256
255

245
245
244
244
243

234
233
233
233
232

223
223
223
222
222

213
213
213
212
212

204
204
204
203
203

196
195
195
195
194

187
187
187
187
186

180
180
179
179
179

173
172
172
172
172

166
166
166
165
165

1800
1400000 1600
1400
1200

438
434
429
421

413
409
404
398

389
386
382
376

367
364
361
356

347
344
341
337

328
326
323
320

311
309
307
304

295
294
291
289

281
279
277
275

267
266
264
262

254
253
251
249

242
241
240
238

231
230
229
227

221
220
219
218

211
211
210
208

202
202
201
199

194
193
192
191

186
185
185
184

178
178
177
176

171
171
170
169

165
164
164
163

1000
800
600
400

410
392
359
297

388
372
344
288

367
354
330
280

348
337
316
271

331
320
302
263

314
305
289
254

299
291
277
246

284
277
265
237

271
265
254
229

258
253
243
221

246
242
233
214

235
231
223
206

225
221
214
199

215
212
206
192

206
203
198
185

198
195
190
179

190
187
183
172

182
180
176
166

175
173
169
161

168
166
163
155

162
160
157
150

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SIMPLE SOLID COLUMNS - l/d from 30 to 50

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

419
417
416
414
412

393
392
391
389
387

370
369
368
366
365

348
347
346
345
344

329
328
327
326
325

311
310
309
308
307

294
293
293
292
291

279
278
278
277
276

265
264
264
263
262

251
251
251
250
249

239
239
238
238
237

228
228
227
227
226

217
217
217
216
216

208
207
207
207
206

198
198
198
198
197

190
190
189
189
189

182
182
181
181
181

174
174
174
174
173

167
167
167
167
166

160
160
160
160
160

154
154
154
154
153

1800
1600
1300000 1400
1200
1000

409
406
401
395
385

385
382
378
372
364

363
360
357
352
345

342
340
337
333
326

323
321
319
315
310

306
304
302
299
294

290
288
286
283
279

275
274
272
269
266

261
260
258
256
253

248
247
246
244
241

237
236
234
233
230

226
225
224
222
220

215
214
213
212
210

206
205
204
203
201

197
196
195
194
192

188
188
187
186
184

180
180
179
178
177

173
172
172
171
170

166
165
165
164
163

159
159
158
158
157

153
153
152
152
151

800
600
400
200

370
342
287
176

351
327
278
174

333
313
270
172

317
299
261
170

301
286
252
167

286
273
243
165

273
261
234
162

260
249
226
159

248
239
218
157

237
228
210
154

226
219
202
151

216
210
195
148

207
201
188
145

198
193
181
142

190
185
174
139

182
178
168
136

175
171
162
132

168
164
156
129

161
158
151
126

155
152
146
123

149
147
141
120

2600
2400
2200
2000
1800

387
385
384
382
380

363
362
360
359
357

341
340
339
338
336

322
321
320
319
317

303
303
302
301
299

287
286
285
284
283

271
271
270
269
268

257
257
256
255
255

244
244
243
243
242

232
232
231
231
230

221
221
220
220
219

210
210
210
209
209

201
200
200
200
199

192
191
191
191
190

183
183
183
182
182

175
175
175
174
174

168
168
167
167
167

161
161
160
160
160

154
154
154
154
153

148
148
148
148
147

142
142
142
142
142

1600
1200000 1400
1200
1000

377
373
368
360

354
351
346
340

334
331
327
321

315
313
309
304

298
296
293
288

282
280
277
273

267
265
263
260

253
252
250
247

241
239
238
235

229
228
226
224

218
217
216
213

208
207
206
204

198
198
196
195

190
189
188
186

181
181
180
178

174
173
172
171

166
166
165
164

159
159
158
157

153
153
152
151

147
147
146
145

141
141
140
139

347
324
276
173

329
309
267
171

312
295
258
169

296
281
249
166

281
268
240
164

267
256
231
161

254
244
222
158

242
233
214
155

231
223
206
152

220
213
198
149

210
204
190
146

201
195
183
143

192
187
176
140

184
179
170
136

176
172
163
133

169
165
157
130

162
159
152
127

155
153
146
123

149
147
141
120

144
141
136
117

138
136
131
114

800
600
400
200

221

222

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SIMPLE SOLID COLUMNS - l/d from 30 to 50

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000

350
347
344
340
333

329
327
324
320
315

309
308
305
302
297

292
290
288
285
281

276
274
272
270
266

261
259
258
256
252

247
246
244
242
240

234
233
232
230
228

222
221
220
219
217

211
211
210
208
206

201
201
200
198
197

192
191
190
189
188

183
182
182
181
179

175
174
174
173
171

167
167
166
165
164

160
159
159
158
157

153
153
152
152
151

147
146
146
145
145

141
141
140
140
139

135
135
135
134
133

130
130
129
129
128

800
600
400
200

323
304
264
170

306
289
254
168

289
275
245
165

274
262
236
162

260
250
226
160

247
238
218
157

235
227
209
153

224
217
201
150

213
207
193
147

203
198
185
144

194
189
178
140

185
181
171
137

177
173
164
133

169
166
158
130

162
159
152
127

155
153
146
123

149
146
141
120

143
141
136
117

138
135
131
113

132
130
126
110

127
125
121
107

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

321
320
318
315
311

301
300
298
296
293

284
282
281
279
276

267
266
265
263
261

252
251
250
249
247

238
238
237
235
234

226
225
224
223
221

214
213
213
212
210

203
203
202
201
200

193
193
192
191
190

184
183
183
182
181

175
175
174
174
173

167
167
166
166
165

159
159
159
158
157

152
152
152
151
151

146
146
145
145
144

140
139
139
139
138

134
134
133
133
133

128
128
128
128
127

123
123
123
123
122

119
118
118
118
117

1000
800
600
400
200

306
298
283
250
167

289
282
269
240
164

273
266
255
230
161

258
252
243
221
158

244
239
231
212
155

231
227
220
203
151

219
216
209
195
148

208
205
199
187
144

198
195
190
179
141

188
186
181
171
137

180
177
173
165
134

171
169
166
158
130

164
162
159
152
127

156
155
152
146
123

150
148
146
140
119

143
142
140
135
116

137
136
134
129
113

132
131
129
125
109

127
126
124
120
106

122
121
119
116
103

117
116
115
111
100

1600
1400
1200
1000

287
285
283
278

270
268
266
262

254
253
250
247

240
238
236
234

226
225
223
221

214
213
211
209

202
202
200
199

192
191
190
188

182
182
181
179

173
173
172
171

165
164
164
162

157
157
156
155

150
149
149
148

143
143
142
141

137
137
136
135

131
131
130
129

125
125
125
124

120
120
120
119

115
115
115
114

111
111
110
110

106
106
106
106

800
600
400
200

272
260
234
162

257
247
224
159

243
234
214
155

229
222
205
152

217
211
196
148

206
200
187
145

196
191
179
141

186
181
171
137

177
173
164
133

169
165
157
130

161
158
151
126

153
151
144
122

146
144
138
119

140
138
133
115

134
132
128
111

128
127
123
108

123
121
118
105

118
117
113
101

113
112
109
98

109
108
105
95

105
104
101
92

1100000

1000000

900000

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "a" - l/d from 2 to 46

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

4000
3800
3600
3400
3200

3992
3793
3593
3394
3195

3967
3770
3573
3376
3179

3923
3730
3538
3345
3151

3857
3671
3485
3298
3110

3764
3588
3411
3233
3053

3637
3476
3312
3146
2977

3472
3329
3183
3032
2879

3263
3143
3019
2889
2754

3015
2921
2820
2714
2601

2742
2672
2596
2513
2424

2464
2414
2358
2297
2230

2198
2163
2124
2079
2030

1956
1931
1903
1872
1836

1741
1723
1703
1680
1655

1553
1540
1526
1509
1490

1390
1381
1370
1358
1344

1249
1242
1234
1225
1214

1127
1121
1115
1108
1100

1021
1016
1012
1006
1000

928
925
921
917
912

847
845
842
838
834

776
774
771
769
765

713
712
709
707
705

3000
2800
2100000 2600
2400
2200

2995
2796
2597
2397
2198

2981
2784
2586
2388
2190

2957
2763
2568
2373
2177

2921
2732
2541
2350
2158

2872
2689
2505
2320
2133

2806
2633
2458
2280
2100

2721
2561
2396
2229
2058

2614
2469
2319
2165
2006

2482
2357
2225
2086
1942

2327
2223
2112
1992
1865

2155
2073
1982
1883
1774

1974
1912
1841
1762
1673

1795
1748
1695
1634
1563

1625
1591
1551
1504
1449

1468
1443
1413
1378
1336

1327
1308
1286
1260
1228

1202
1188
1171
1151
1126

1091
1080
1067
1051
1033

993
984
974
962
947

906
899
891
882
870

829
824
818
810
801

762
757
752
746
739

702
698
694
689
683

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

1998
1798
1599
1399
1199

1992
1793
1595
1396
1197

1981
1785
1588
1391
1193

1966
1772
1578
1384
1188

1945
1756
1565
1374
1181

1918
1735
1549
1361
1172

1885
1708
1528
1346
1161

1842
1675
1503
1327
1147

1791
1634
1472
1304
1131

1729
1586
1435
1277
1112

1656
1529
1392
1246
1090

1573
1463
1342
1209
1064

1482
1389
1284
1166
1035

1385
1310
1221
1119
1001

1286
1226
1154
1067
964

1189
1142
1083
1011
923

1096
1059
1013
954
880

1010
981
944
896
834

929
907
878
839
789

856
838
815
784
743

790
775
757
732
698

730
718
703
683
656

675
666
654
638
615

3600
3400
3200
3000

3593
3394
3195
2995

3572
3375
3178
2980

3534
3342
3149
2955

3479
3292
3105
2917

3401
3224
3045
2865

3295
3131
2964
2795

3157
3010
2859
2704

2982
2857
2726
2590

2772
2671
2564
2450

2538
2461
2377
2286

2294
2238
2175
2106

2056
2016
1971
1921

1836
1808
1776
1739

1639
1619
1596
1569

1465
1451
1434
1414

1314
1303
1290
1276

1182
1174
1164
1153

1067
1061
1054
1046

968
963
957
951

880
877
872
867

804
801
797
793

737
734
731
728

677
675
673
670

2800
2000000 2600
2400
2200

2796
2596
2397
2197

2783
2585
2388
2190

2761
2566
2371
2176

2728
2538
2348
2156

2683
2500
2315
2130

2623
2449
2273
2095

2546
2384
2219
2050

2448
2302
2151
1994

2329
2201
2067
1926

2188
2081
1966
1843

2030
1945
1851
1748

1863
1798
1724
1641

1697
1648
1592
1527

1538
1502
1460
1410

1392
1365
1333
1296

1259
1239
1215
1187

1141
1126
1108
1086

1036
1024
1010
994

943
934
923
910

861
854
846
835

789
783
776
768

724
720
714
708

667
663
659
654

2000
1800
1600
1400

1998
1798
1599
1399

1991
1793
1594
1396

1980
1784
1587
1390

1964
1771
1577
1383

1942
1754
1564
1372

1914
1731
1546
1359

1878
1703
1524
1343

1833
1667
1497
1323

1778
1624
1464
1299

1712
1573
1425
1270

1635
1512
1379
1236

1547
1442
1325
1197

1451
1364
1265
1152

1351
1281
1198
1101

1250
1195
1128
1047

1152
1109
1056
989

1059
1026
984
930

973
947
914
871

894
874
848
813

823
807
786
758

758
745
729
706

700
689
676
658

647
639
628
613

223

224

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "a" - l/d from 2 to 46

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

3600
3400
3200
3000
2800

3593
3393
3194
2995
2796

3570
3373
3177
2979
2782

3531
3338
3146
2952
2759

3472
3286
3100
2912
2724

3389
3213
3036
2857
2676

3276
3114
2950
2782
2613

3128
2984
2837
2685
2530

2941
2821
2694
2563
2425

2719
2624
2522
2413
2297

2474
2403
2326
2241
2148

2225
2174
2117
2053
1983

1986
1950
1909
1863
1811

1767
1742
1713
1680
1642

1573
1555
1535
1511
1483

1404
1391
1376
1358
1338

1257
1247
1236
1223
1208

1129
1122
1114
1104
1093

1019
1013
1007
1000
991

923
919
914
908
901

840
836
832
828
822

766
764
760
757
753

702
700
697
694
691

645
643
641
639
636

2600
2400
1900000 2200
2000
1800

2596
2397
2197
1998
1798

2585
2387
2189
1991
1793

2564
2370
2175
1979
1783

2535
2345
2154
1962
1769

2494
2311
2125
1939
1751

2440
2265
2088
1909
1727

2371
2207
2041
1870
1697

2283
2134
1981
1823
1659

2175
2045
1908
1764
1613

2047
1938
1820
1693
1558

1904
1816
1718
1611
1493

1751
1683
1606
1518
1419

1598
1547
1487
1418
1337

1451
1413
1368
1314
1250

1315
1286
1252
1211
1161

1190
1169
1144
1113
1074

1079
1063
1044
1020
990

981
968
954
935
912

893
884
872
858
840

816
808
799
788
774

747
742
734
725
714

687
682
676
669
660

633
629
624
618
611

1600
1400
1200
1000

1599
1399
1199
999

1594
1396
1197
998

1587
1390
1193
995

1576
1382
1187
991

1562
1371
1179
985

1543
1357
1169
979

1520
1339
1156
970

1491
1318
1141
960

1456
1292
1123
948

1414
1262
1101
934

1364
1225
1076
917

1307
1183
1047
898

1243
1135
1013
876

1173
1082
975
850

1100
1024
933
822

1025
964
888
791

952
904
840
758

882
844
792
723

817
786
744
686

755
731
697
650

699
680
652
613

648
632
610
578

601
588
570
544

3400
3200
3000
2800
2600

3393
3194
2995
2795
2596

3372
3175
2978
2781
2584

3335
3143
2950
2756
2562

3279
3094
2907
2719
2531

3201
3025
2848
2669
2488

3095
2933
2768
2600
2430

2956
2812
2664
2512
2355

2780
2659
2532
2399
2261

2571
2475
2373
2262
2145

2341
2269
2190
2104
2009

2105
2054
1996
1931
1858

1879
1843
1802
1755
1701

1673
1647
1618
1584
1545

1490
1471
1450
1426
1397

1329
1316
1301
1283
1262

1190
1180
1169
1156
1140

1070
1062
1054
1044
1032

965
959
953
945
936

874
870
865
859
852

795
792
788
783
777

726
723
720
716
712

665
663
660
657
653

611
609
607
605
602

2400
2200
1800000 2000
1800
1600

2397
2197
1998
1798
1598

2386
2188
1990
1792
1594

2368
2173
1978
1782
1586

2342
2151
1960
1768
1575

2305
2121
1935
1748
1559

2257
2081
1903
1722
1540

2195
2030
1862
1690
1515

2116
1966
1811
1650
1484

2020
1887
1748
1600
1446

1906
1793
1672
1541
1401

1777
1685
1584
1471
1348

1639
1567
1486
1392
1287

1499
1445
1381
1306
1219

1363
1323
1274
1216
1145

1237
1207
1170
1125
1069

1122
1099
1071
1037
993

1018
1001
980
953
919

925
912
896
876
849

843
833
821
805
784

771
763
753
740
724

706
700
692
682
669

649
644
638
630
619

598
594
589
582
574

1400
1200
1000
800

1399
1199
999
800

1395
1197
998
798

1389
1192
995
797

1381
1186
990
794

1369
1177
985
790

1354
1167
977
786

1336
1154
968
780

1313
1137
958
773

1285
1118
945
766

1252
1095
929
756

1213
1068
912
746

1168
1036
891
733

1117
1000
867
719

1060
959
840
703

1000
914
810
685

938
867
777
665

876
818
742
643

815
768
705
619

757
719
667
594

702
672
630
567

652
628
593
540

605
586
557
513

562
547
523
487

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "a" - l/d from 2 to 46

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

3200
3000
2800
2600
2400

3194
2994
2795
2596
2396

3174
2977
2780
2583
2385

3139
2947
2754
2560
2366

3087
2901
2714
2527
2338

3013
2838
2660
2480
2299

2914
2752
2587
2418
2247

2784
2640
2491
2338
2180

2619
2498
2370
2236
2096

2423
2327
2223
2111
1992

2207
2135
2055
1967
1870

1985
1933
1875
1808
1733

1773
1736
1694
1646
1590

1579
1553
1523
1488
1447

1406
1387
1366
1341
1311

1255
1241
1226
1207
1185

1124
1114
1102
1088
1072

1010
1002
994
983
971

911
906
899
891
881

826
821
816
810
802

751
747
743
738
733

685
683
679
675
671

628
626
623
620
616

577
575
573
570
567

2200
2000
1700000 1800
1600
1400

2197
1997
1798
1598
1399

2188
1990
1792
1593
1395

2172
1977
1781
1585
1389

2148
1957
1766
1573
1379

2116
1931
1745
1557
1367

2073
1897
1717
1536
1351

2018
1852
1683
1509
1331

1949
1797
1639
1476
1307

1864
1729
1586
1435
1277

1763
1647
1522
1387
1242

1649
1553
1447
1329
1199

1525
1450
1363
1264
1151

1398
1341
1272
1191
1096

1275
1232
1179
1115
1036

1159
1126
1086
1036
973

1052
1028
997
959
909

956
938
914
884
845

870
856
838
815
784

793
782
768
750
726

725
717
706
692
673

665
658
649
638
623

611
606
599
590
577

564
559
553
546
536

1200
1000
800
600

1199
999
800
600

1196
997
798
599

1192
994
796
598

1185
990
793
596

1176
984
790
594

1165
976
785
592

1151
966
779
588

1133
955
772
584

1112
941
763
580

1087
924
753
575

1058
905
742
569

1024
883
729
562

985
857
713
554

941
828
696
545

894
796
676
535

844
761
655
524

793
724
631
512

743
685
606
498

693
646
579
483

646
608
552
467

602
571
524
451

560
535
496
433

522
502
469
415

3200
3000
2800
2600
2400

3193
2994
2795
2595
2396

3172
2975
2779
2582
2384

3135
2943
2751
2557
2364

3079
2894
2709
2522
2334

3000
2826
2650
2472
2292

2892
2733
2571
2405
2236

2751
2612
2467
2318
2164

2573
2458
2336
2207
2072

2365
2275
2178
2073
1960

2138
2073
2000
1919
1829

1912
1866
1813
1753
1685

1699
1667
1630
1587
1537

1507
1484
1458
1428
1391

1338
1322
1304
1282
1255

1192
1180
1167
1151
1131

1065
1057
1047
1035
1021

957
950
942
933
923

862
857
852
845
836

781
777
772
767
760

710
706
703
699
694

647
645
642
639
635

593
591
589
586
582

545
543
541
539
536

2200
2000
1600000 1800
1600
1400

2197
1997
1798
1598
1399

2187
1989
1791
1593
1395

2170
1975
1780
1584
1388

2145
1955
1763
1571
1378

2110
1926
1741
1554
1365

2064
1889
1712
1531
1348

2005
1842
1674
1502
1327

1930
1782
1627
1466
1300

1838
1708
1569
1423
1268

1729
1620
1500
1370
1229

1607
1519
1420
1308
1184

1478
1410
1330
1238
1131

1348
1297
1235
1161
1073

1224
1186
1139
1081
1009

1108
1080
1045
1000
943

1004
982
956
922
877

910
894
873
847
813

826
814
799
778
752

753
743
731
715
694

688
680
670
658
641

630
624
616
606
593

579
574
568
560
549

533
529
524
518
509

1200
1000
800
600

1199
999
800
600

1196
997
798
599

1191
994
796
598

1184
989
793
596

1175
982
789
594

1162
974
784
591

1147
964
777
588

1128
952
770
583

1106
937
761
579

1079
919
750
573

1047
898
738
566

1010
874
723
559

968
846
707
551

921
815
688
541

871
780
667
530

819
743
643
518

767
704
618
505

715
664
591
490

665
624
563
474

618
585
535
457

575
548
506
440

534
512
478
421

497
479
451
403

225

226

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "a" - l/d from 2 to 46

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

3000
2800
2600
2400
2200

2994
2794
2595
2396
2197

2974
2777
2580
2383
2186

2939
2747
2555
2361
2168

2887
2702
2516
2329
2141

2813
2638
2462
2284
2103

2712
2552
2389
2223
2054

2579
2439
2294
2144
1989

2413
2297
2174
2044
1907

2217
2127
2029
1923
1807

2005
1939
1865
1783
1691

1792
1746
1693
1632
1561

1593
1560
1523
1479
1427

1413
1390
1363
1332
1294

1255
1238
1219
1197
1169

1117
1106
1092
1075
1055

999
990
980
968
953

897
890
882
873
862

808
803
797
790
782

732
728
723
718
711

665
662
658
654
649

607
604
602
598
594

556
554
551
549
545

511
509
507
505
502

2000
1800
1500000 1600
1400
1200

1997
1798
1598
1399
1199

1988
1791
1593
1394
1196

1973
1779
1583
1387
1191

1951
1761
1569
1377
1183

1921
1737
1550
1362
1173

1881
1705
1526
1344
1160

1829
1664
1495
1321
1143

1764
1613
1456
1292
1123

1683
1550
1408
1257
1098

1588
1475
1350
1215
1069

1481
1388
1283
1166
1034

1365
1293
1208
1109
994

1249
1194
1127
1046
949

1136
1095
1044
979
899

1031
1000
961
911
846

935
912
882
843
792

848
831
808
778
738

771
758
740
717
685

703
692
679
661
636

642
634
624
609
589

589
582
574
562
546

541
536
529
520
507

499
494
489
481
471

1000
800
600
400

999
800
600
400

997
798
599
400

993
796
598
399

988
793
596
398

981
788
593
397

972
783
590
396

961
776
587
394

948
768
582
392

932
758
577
390

912
746
571
388

890
733
564
385

863
717
556
381

833
699
547
378

799
678
536
374

762
655
524
369

722
630
511
364

682
603
497
358

640
575
481
352

600
545
464
345

560
516
446
338

523
487
427
330

488
458
408
321

455
431
389
312

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

2794
2595
2396
2196
1997

2775
2579
2382
2185
1988

2743
2551
2359
2165
1971

2694
2509
2323
2136
1948

2625
2451
2274
2096
1915

2531
2371
2208
2041
1871

2407
2267
2122
1971
1814

2252
2136
2012
1881
1743

2069
1979
1880
1772
1655

1871
1805
1730
1646
1552

1673
1626
1572
1509
1437

1486
1454
1416
1370
1316

1319
1296
1269
1236
1197

1171
1155
1135
1112
1083

1043
1031
1017
1000
979

932
924
913
901
885

837
830
823
813
801

755
749
743
736
727

683
679
674
669
662

621
618
614
610
604

567
564
561
557
553

519
517
514
511
508

477
475
473
471
468

1800
1400000 1600
1400
1200

1798
1598
1399
1199

1790
1592
1394
1196

1777
1582
1386
1190

1758
1567
1375
1182

1732
1547
1360
1171

1697
1520
1340
1156

1653
1486
1315
1139

1597
1443
1283
1116

1528
1391
1245
1090

1446
1328
1199
1057

1352
1255
1144
1019

1252
1175
1083
975

1148
1089
1016
926

1048
1003
946
873

953
919
875
817

865
840
806
761

786
767
741
706

716
701
681
654

653
641
626
604

597
588
576
559

547
540
531
517

503
497
490
479

464
459
453
444

999
800
600
400

997
798
599
400

993
796
598
399

987
792
596
398

980
787
593
397

970
781
590
395

958
774
586
394

944
765
581
392

926
754
575
389

905
742
569
387

880
727
561
384

851
710
552
380

818
690
542
376

781
667
530
371

741
642
517
366

700
615
503
361

657
586
487
355

614
556
470
348

573
526
452
340

534
495
433
332

497
466
413
323

463
437
393
314

431
410
373
304

1000
800
600
400

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "a" - l/d from 2 to 46

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

2794
2594
2395
2196
1997

2774
2577
2381
2184
1987

2738
2547
2355
2162
1969

2685
2502
2317
2131
1943

2609
2438
2263
2086
1907

2506
2350
2190
2027
1859

2369
2235
2095
1949
1797

2199
2091
1975
1850
1718

2003
1921
1831
1731
1621

1796
1737
1671
1595
1509

1594
1553
1506
1452
1387

1408
1380
1348
1309
1262

1244
1224
1201
1174
1140

1101
1087
1071
1051
1027

978
968
957
942
924

873
866
857
846
833

783
777
771
763
753

705
701
696
689
682

638
634
630
626
620

579
577
573
570
565

528
526
524
520
517

483
482
480
477
474

444
443
441
439
436

1800
1600
1300000 1400
1200
1000

1797
1598
1398
1199
999

1789
1591
1393
1195
997

1775
1580
1385
1189
992

1754
1564
1373
1180
986

1726
1542
1356
1168
978

1688
1513
1334
1153
968

1639
1476
1307
1133
955

1577
1429
1272
1109
939

1501
1371
1230
1079
919

1412
1302
1179
1044
896

1311
1223
1120
1002
868

1205
1136
1053
954
837

1098
1047
982
901
800

996
958
908
844
761

902
873
836
786
718

817
795
767
728
674

740
724
702
672
630

672
660
643
620
586

612
602
589
571
545

559
551
541
527
506

512
506
498
486
470

470
465
459
450
436

433
429
424
416
405

800
600
400
200

799
600
400
200

798
599
399
200

795
597
399
200

791
595
398
199

786
592
397
199

780
589
395
199

772
584
393
198

762
579
391
198

750
573
388
197

736
566
386
197

720
557
382
196

701
548
378
195

679
536
374
194

655
524
369
193

627
510
363
192

598
494
357
190

567
476
350
189

535
458
343
188

504
438
334
186

473
418
325
184

443
397
316
182

414
377
306
180

388
356
295
178

2600
2400
2200
2000
1800

2594
2395
2196
1996
1797

2575
2379
2182
1985
1788

2542
2351
2159
1966
1773

2493
2309
2124
1938
1750

2422
2250
2076
1898
1719

2325
2169
2010
1845
1677

2197
2063
1923
1776
1623

2038
1930
1814
1688
1554

1855
1774
1683
1582
1470

1662
1604
1537
1460
1372

1474
1434
1387
1331
1264

1302
1274
1241
1201
1152

1149
1130
1107
1079
1043

1017
1004
987
967
941

904
894
882
867
849

806
799
790
779
766

723
717
711
702
692

651
647
642
635
627

589
585
581
577
570

535
532
529
525
520

488
486
483
480
476

446
445
443
440
437

410
409
407
405
402

1600
1200000 1400
1200
1000

1598
1398
1199
999

1591
1393
1195
996

1579
1384
1188
992

1561
1370
1178
985

1537
1352
1165
976

1505
1328
1148
965

1463
1298
1127
950

1411
1259
1100
933

1347
1212
1067
911

1270
1156
1027
885

1184
1091
981
855

1092
1019
928
819

999
943
871
780

909
866
811
736

825
793
750
691

748
724
691
645

679
661
635
599

617
603
584
556

562
552
537
514

514
505
494
476

471
464
455
441

433
427
420
408

399
394
388
379

799
600
400
200

798
599
399
200

795
597
399
200

791
595
398
199

785
592
396
199

778
588
395
199

769
583
393
198

758
577
390
198

745
571
387
197

730
563
384
196

712
553
380
195

691
542
376
194

666
530
371
193

639
516
366
192

610
500
360
191

578
483
353
190

545
464
345
188

512
443
337
186

480
422
327
184

448
401
318
182

418
380
307
180

390
358
296
178

364
338
285
175

800
600
400
200

227

228

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "a" - l/d from 2 to 46

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000

1797
1598
1398
1199
999

1787
1590
1392
1194
996

1770
1577
1382
1187
991

1745
1557
1368
1176
984

1711
1530
1347
1162
974

1664
1495
1321
1143
961

1603
1448
1287
1119
945

1526
1389
1244
1089
925

1432
1317
1191
1052
901

1325
1233
1128
1008
872

1209
1140
1056
956
838

1094
1042
978
898
799

983
946
898
836
755

883
856
820
773
708

792
772
746
710
660

712
698
678
651
612

642
631
617
596
566

581
573
561
546
522

528
521
512
500
482

481
475
468
459
444

439
435
430
422
411

403
400
395
389
380

371
368
364
359
352

800
600
400
200

799
600
400
200

797
599
399
200

794
597
399
200

790
594
397
199

784
591
396
199

776
587
394
199

766
581
392
198

754
575
389
197

739
567
386
197

722
559
383
196

702
548
378
195

678
536
374
194

651
522
368
193

621
506
362
191

589
489
355
190

555
469
347
188

520
448
339
187

486
427
329
185

453
404
319
183

422
382
308
181

392
360
297
178

365
339
285
175

340
318
273
173

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

1996
1797
1597
1398
1198

1982
1786
1589
1391
1194

1959
1767
1574
1380
1186

1924
1739
1553
1364
1174

1875
1700
1522
1342
1158

1808
1648
1482
1312
1137

1719
1578
1429
1273
1109

1608
1491
1363
1224
1075

1478
1386
1282
1164
1033

1337
1269
1188
1094
983

1195
1147
1088
1015
926

1062
1028
986
932
862

942
918
888
848
796

836
820
798
769
730

745
733
717
696
667

666
657
645
630
608

598
591
582
570
554

539
534
527
518
505

488
484
479
472
462

443
440
436
431
423

405
402
399
394
388

371
368
366
362
357

340
339
337
334
329

1000
800
600
400
200

999
799
600
400
200

996
797
598
399
200

990
794
596
398
200

982
789
594
397
199

971
782
590
396
199

957
773
585
394
198

939
762
579
391
198

917
749
572
388
197

889
732
564
385
196

856
713
554
381
195

817
689
542
376
194

774
663
528
371
193

726
632
512
364
192

675
599
494
357
191

625
564
475
350
189

576
528
453
341
187

530
492
430
331
185

487
457
407
320
183

447
424
384
309
181

411
393
360
297
178

379
364
338
285
175

350
338
317
272
172

324
314
297
259
169

1600
1400
1200
1000

1597
1398
1198
999

1588
1391
1193
995

1571
1378
1184
989

1547
1360
1171
980

1513
1334
1153
968

1466
1300
1128
952

1406
1256
1097
931

1330
1200
1058
905

1238
1131
1010
874

1135
1052
953
836

1027
966
888
792

922
877
819
743

824
792
749
690

736
713
682
637

658
641
618
585

590
578
561
536

531
522
509
490

480
473
463
448

435
429
422
410

396
391
385
376

362
358
353
346

331
329
325
319

305
302
299
294

800
600
400
200

799
600
400
200

797
598
399
200

793
596
398
200

787
593
397
199

780
589
395
199

770
583
393
198

757
577
390
198

742
569
387
197

723
559
383
196

701
547
378
195

674
534
373
194

643
518
367
192

609
500
360
191

573
479
351
189

535
457
342
188

497
433
332
185

460
409
321
183

425
384
309
181

392
360
297
178

362
336
284
175

335
314
270
172

310
293
257
168

287
273
243
165

1100000

1000000

900000

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "a" - l/d from 46 to 80

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

4000
3800
3600
3400
3200

713
712
709
707
705

658
656
655
653
650

608
607
606
604
602

564
563
562
560
559

524
523
522
521
520

489
488
487
486
485

456
456
455
454
453

427
427
426
425
425

401
400
400
399
398

377
376
376
375
375

355
354
354
353
353

335
334
334
333
333

316
316
315
315
315

299
299
298
298
298

283
283
283
282
282

269
269
268
268
268

255
255
255
255
254

243
243
243
242
242

3000
2800
2100000 2600
2400
2200

702
698
694
689
683

648
645
642
637
633

600
598
595
591
587

557
555
553
550
546

518
517
515
512
509

484
482
480
478
476

452
451
449
448
446

424
422
421
420
418

398
397
396
394
393

374
373
372
371
370

352
351
351
350
348

332
332
331
330
329

314
314
313
312
311

297
297
296
296
295

282
281
281
280
279

267
267
267
266
265

254
254
253
253
252

242
242
241
241
240

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

675
666
654
638
615

626
619
609
595
577

582
576
568
557
541

542
537
530
521
508

506
501
496
488
477

473
469
464
458
449

443
440
436
430
422

416
413
409
405
398

391
388
385
381
376

368
366
363
360
355

347
345
343
340
336

328
326
324
321
318

310
309
307
305
301

294
292
291
289
286

279
278
276
274
272

265
264
262
261
258

252
251
250
248
246

240
239
238
236
235

3600
3400
3200
3000

677
675
673
670

625
623
621
619

578
576
575
573

536
535
533
532

498
497
496
495

465
464
463
462

434
433
432
431

406
406
405
404

381
381
380
379

358
358
357
357

337
337
336
336

318
318
317
317

301
300
300
299

284
284
284
283

270
269
269
269

256
256
255
255

243
243
243
242

231
231
231
231

2800
2000000 2600
2400
2200

667
663
659
654

616
613
610
605

571
568
565
562

530
528
525
522

493
491
489
487

460
459
457
455

430
429
427
425

403
402
401
399

378
377
376
375

356
355
354
353

335
334
334
333

316
316
315
314

299
298
298
297

283
282
282
281

268
268
267
267

255
254
254
253

242
242
241
241

230
230
230
229

2000
1800
1600
1400

647
639
628
613

600
593
584
572

557
551
544
534

518
514
508
499

484
480
474
468

452
449
444
438

423
420
417
412

397
395
391
387

373
371
368
365

351
349
347
344

331
330
327
325

313
311
310
307

296
295
293
291

280
279
278
276

266
265
264
262

252
252
250
249

240
239
238
237

228
228
227
226

229

230

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "a" - l/d from 46 to 80

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

3600
3400
3200
3000
2800

645
643
641
639
636

595
593
592
590
587

550
549
547
546
544

510
509
508
506
505

474
473
472
471
470

442
441
440
439
438

413
412
411
411
410

387
386
385
385
384

363
362
361
361
360

341
340
340
339
339

321
320
320
320
319

303
302
302
301
301

286
286
285
285
284

270
270
270
270
269

256
256
256
255
255

243
243
243
242
242

231
231
231
230
230

220
220
219
219
219

2600
2400
1900000 2200
2000
1800

633
629
624
618
611

585
581
577
573
566

542
539
536
532
526

503
501
498
495
490

468
466
464
461
458

437
435
433
431
428

408
407
405
403
401

383
381
380
378
376

359
358
357
355
353

338
337
336
334
333

318
317
316
315
314

300
300
299
298
296

284
283
282
282
280

269
268
267
267
266

255
254
254
253
252

242
241
241
240
239

230
229
229
228
228

219
218
218
217
217

1600
1400
1200
1000

601
588
570
544

559
548
533
511

520
511
499
481

485
478
467
452

453
447
438
426

424
419
411
401

397
393
387
378

373
369
364
356

351
348
343
337

331
328
324
318

312
310
306
301

295
293
290
285

279
277
275
271

264
263
260
257

251
249
247
244

238
237
235
233

227
226
224
222

216
215
213
211

3400
3200
3000
2800
2600

611
609
607
605
602

564
562
560
558
556

521
520
518
517
515

483
482
481
479
478

449
448
447
446
445

419
418
417
416
415

391
390
390
389
388

366
366
365
364
363

343
343
342
342
341

323
322
322
321
321

304
304
303
303
302

287
286
286
285
285

271
271
270
270
269

256
256
256
255
255

243
243
242
242
242

230
230
230
230
229

219
219
218
218
218

208
208
208
208
207

2400
2200
1800000 2000
1800
1600

598
594
589
582
574

553
549
545
540
533

512
509
506
501
496

476
473
470
467
462

443
441
438
435
431

413
412
409
407
403

386
385
383
381
378

362
361
359
357
355

340
339
337
336
334

320
319
318
316
314

301
300
299
298
296

284
284
283
282
280

269
268
267
266
265

254
254
253
252
251

241
241
240
239
238

229
228
228
227
226

218
217
217
216
215

207
207
206
206
205

1400
1200
1000
800

562
547
523
487

523
510
491
461

488
477
461
436

455
446
433
412

426
418
407
389

399
392
383
368

374
369
361
348

351
347
340
329

331
327
321
311

312
308
303
295

294
291
287
280

278
276
272
266

263
261
258
252

250
248
245
240

237
235
232
228

225
223
221
217

214
213
211
207

204
203
201
198

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "a" - l/d from 46 to 80

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

3200
3000
2800
2600
2400

577
575
573
570
567

532
531
529
527
524

492
491
489
487
485

456
455
454
452
451

424
423
422
421
419

395
395
394
393
391

369
369
368
367
366

346
345
345
344
343

324
324
323
323
322

305
304
304
303
303

287
287
286
286
285

271
270
270
270
269

256
255
255
255
254

242
242
241
241
241

229
229
229
228
228

218
217
217
217
216

207
207
206
206
206

197
196
196
196
196

2200
2000
1700000 1800
1600
1400

564
559
553
546
536

521
517
513
506
498

483
480
476
471
464

449
446
443
438
433

418
415
413
409
404

390
388
386
383
379

365
363
361
358
355

342
340
338
336
333

321
320
318
316
314

302
301
299
298
295

284
283
282
281
279

268
267
266
265
264

254
253
252
251
249

240
239
239
238
236

228
227
226
225
224

216
216
215
214
213

205
205
204
204
203

195
195
195
194
193

1200
1000
800
600

522
502
469
415

487
470
443
397

455
441
418
379

425
413
395
362

398
388
372
344

373
365
351
328

350
343
332
312

329
323
314
296

310
305
297
282

292
288
281
268

276
272
266
255

261
258
252
243

247
244
240
231

235
232
228
220

223
220
217
210

212
210
206
201

201
200
197
192

192
190
188
183

3200
3000
2800
2600
2400

545
543
541
539
536

502
501
499
497
495

464
463
462
460
458

430
429
428
427
425

400
399
398
397
396

373
372
371
370
369

348
348
347
346
345

326
325
325
324
323

306
305
305
304
303

287
287
286
286
285

270
270
270
269
269

255
255
254
254
254

241
241
240
240
240

228
228
227
227
227

216
216
216
215
215

205
205
205
204
204

195
195
194
194
194

185
185
185
185
184

2200
2000
1600000 1800
1600
1400

533
529
524
518
509

492
489
485
480
473

456
453
450
446
440

424
421
418
415
410

394
392
390
387
383

368
366
364
362
358

344
343
341
339
336

322
321
320
318
315

303
301
300
298
296

285
284
282
281
279

268
267
266
265
263

253
252
251
250
249

239
238
238
237
235

226
226
225
224
223

215
214
213
213
212

204
203
203
202
201

194
193
193
192
191

184
184
183
183
182

1200
1000
800
600

497
479
451
403

463
448
425
384

432
419
400
366

403
393
377
348

377
369
355
330

353
346
335
314

331
325
316
298

311
306
298
283

293
289
282
269

276
273
266
255

261
258
252
243

247
244
239
231

234
231
227
220

221
219
216
209

210
208
205
199

200
198
195
190

190
188
186
181

181
180
177
173

231

232

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "a" - l/d from 46 to 80

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

3000
2800
2600
2400
2200

511
509
507
505
502

471
469
468
466
464

435
434
433
431
429

404
403
401
400
398

375
374
373
372
371

350
349
348
347
346

326
326
325
324
323

306
305
304
304
303

287
286
286
285
284

269
269
268
268
267

254
253
253
252
252

239
239
238
238
238

226
226
225
225
224

214
213
213
213
212

203
202
202
202
201

192
192
192
191
191

183
182
182
182
182

174
173
173
173
173

2000
1800
1500000 1600
1400
1200

499
494
489
481
471

461
457
453
446
438

427
424
420
415
408

396
394
391
387
381

369
367
364
361
356

344
343
340
337
333

322
321
319
316
312

302
300
299
297
293

283
282
281
279
276

266
265
264
263
260

251
250
249
248
246

237
236
235
234
232

224
223
222
221
220

212
211
211
210
208

201
200
200
199
198

191
190
190
189
188

181
181
180
180
179

173
172
172
171
170

1000
800
600
400

455
431
389
312

425
405
370
302

398
381
351
292

372
358
333
282

349
337
316
271

327
317
299
261

307
299
284
250

289
282
269
240

272
266
255
230

257
252
242
220

243
238
230
211

230
226
218
202

218
214
208
193

206
203
198
185

196
193
188
177

186
184
179
170

177
175
171
163

169
167
164
156

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

477
475
473
471
468

439
438
436
434
432

406
405
404
402
400

377
376
374
373
371

350
349
348
347
346

326
326
325
324
322

305
304
303
302
301

285
285
284
283
282

268
267
266
266
265

251
251
251
250
249

237
236
236
235
235

223
223
223
222
222

211
211
210
210
209

199
199
199
199
198

189
189
189
188
188

179
179
179
179
178

170
170
170
170
169

162
162
162
162
161

1800
1400000 1600
1400
1200

464
459
453
444

429
425
420
413

397
394
390
384

369
367
363
358

344
342
338
334

321
319
316
313

300
298
296
293

281
280
278
275

264
263
261
259

248
247
246
244

234
233
232
230

221
220
219
217

209
208
207
206

198
197
196
195

187
187
186
185

178
177
177
176

169
169
168
167

161
160
160
159

1000
800
600
400

431
410
373
304

402
385
354
294

375
361
335
283

350
339
317
272

328
318
300
261

308
299
284
251

289
282
269
240

271
265
254
230

256
250
241
220

241
236
228
210

228
224
217
201

215
212
206
192

204
201
195
183

193
191
186
175

183
181
177
168

174
172
169
160

166
164
161
153

158
156
154
147

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "a" - l/d from 46 to 80

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

444
443
441
439
436

409
408
407
405
403

378
377
376
375
373

351
350
349
348
346

326
325
324
323
322

304
303
302
301
300

283
283
282
282
281

265
265
264
264
263

249
248
248
247
247

234
233
233
233
232

220
220
219
219
218

208
207
207
207
206

196
196
196
195
195

185
185
185
185
184

176
176
175
175
175

167
167
166
166
166

158
158
158
158
158

151
150
150
150
150

1800
1600
1300000 1400
1200
1000

433
429
424
416
405

400
397
393
386
377

371
368
364
359
352

344
342
339
335
328

320
319
316
312
307

299
297
295
292
288

280
278
276
274
270

262
261
259
257
254

246
245
243
241
239

231
230
229
227
225

218
217
216
214
212

206
205
204
203
201

194
194
193
192
190

184
183
183
182
180

174
174
173
172
171

165
165
164
164
162

157
157
156
156
155

150
149
149
148
147

800
600
400
200

388
356
295
178

363
337
284
175

340
318
273
173

318
300
262
170

299
284
250
167

281
268
239
164

264
253
229
160

248
239
218
157

234
226
208
153

221
214
199
150

209
203
190
146

198
193
181
142

188
183
173
138

178
174
165
134

169
165
158
130

161
158
151
126

153
150
144
122

146
143
138
118

2600
2400
2200
2000
1800

410
409
407
405
402

378
377
375
373
371

349
348
347
346
344

324
323
322
321
319

301
300
299
298
297

280
280
279
278
277

262
261
261
260
259

245
244
244
243
242

230
229
229
228
228

216
215
215
215
214

203
203
203
202
202

192
191
191
191
190

181
181
180
180
180

171
171
171
170
170

162
162
162
162
161

154
154
154
153
153

146
146
146
146
145

139
139
139
139
138

1600
1200000 1400
1200
1000

399
394
388
379

369
365
360
352

341
338
334
328

317
315
311
306

295
293
290
286

276
274
271
267

258
256
254
251

241
240
238
235

227
225
224
222

213
212
211
209

201
200
199
197

190
189
188
186

179
178
178
176

170
169
168
167

161
160
159
158

153
152
151
150

145
145
144
143

138
138
137
136

364
338
285
175

340
319
273
173

318
300
261
170

298
283
250
167

279
266
238
163

262
251
227
160

246
237
216
156

231
223
206
152

218
211
196
148

206
200
187
144

194
189
178
140

184
179
170
136

174
170
162
132

165
162
154
128

157
154
147
124

149
146
141
120

142
139
134
116

135
133
128
112

800
600
400
200

233

234

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "a" - l/d from 46 to 80

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000

371
368
364
359
352

342
340
337
333
326

316
315
312
309
304

294
292
290
287
283

273
272
270
268
264

255
254
252
250
247

238
237
236
234
231

223
222
221
219
217

209
208
207
206
204

197
196
195
194
192

185
185
184
183
181

175
174
174
173
171

165
165
164
163
162

156
156
155
155
154

148
148
147
147
146

140
140
140
139
138

133
133
133
132
132

127
127
126
126
125

800
600
400
200

340
318
273
173

317
299
261
170

295
281
248
166

276
264
237
163

258
248
225
159

242
233
214
155

227
220
203
151

214
207
193
147

201
196
184
143

190
185
174
139

179
175
166
134

169
166
158
130

160
157
150
126

152
149
143
122

144
142
137
117

137
135
130
113

131
129
124
109

124
123
119
105

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

340
339
337
334
329

314
312
311
308
305

290
289
287
285
283

269
268
267
265
263

250
249
248
247
245

233
232
231
230
228

218
217
216
215
214

204
203
202
202
200

191
191
190
189
188

180
179
179
178
177

169
169
168
168
167

159
159
159
158
157

151
150
150
149
149

142
142
142
141
141

135
135
134
134
134

128
128
128
127
127

122
122
121
121
121

116
116
115
115
115

1000
800
600
400
200

324
314
297
259
169

300
292
278
246
166

278
272
260
234
162

259
254
244
222
158

242
237
229
210
154

226
222
215
199
150

212
208
202
189
145

199
196
191
179
141

187
184
180
170
136

176
173
170
161
132

166
164
160
153
127

156
155
152
146
123

148
146
144
138
119

140
139
137
132
114

133
132
130
125
110

126
125
123
120
106

120
119
118
114
102

114
113
112
109
98

1600
1400
1200
1000

305
302
299
294

281
279
276
273

260
258
256
253

241
240
238
235

224
223
221
219

209
208
207
205

195
194
193
192

183
182
181
180

171
171
170
169

161
161
160
159

152
151
151
150

143
143
142
141

135
135
134
134

128
128
127
127

121
121
121
120

115
115
114
114

109
109
109
108

104
104
104
103

800
600
400
200

287
273
243
165

266
255
230
161

248
239
218
157

231
223
206
152

216
209
195
148

202
196
184
143

189
184
174
138

177
173
165
134

167
163
156
129

157
154
148
124

148
146
140
119

140
138
133
115

132
131
126
110

126
124
120
106

119
118
114
102

113
112
109
98

108
106
104
94

102
101
99
91

1100000

1000000

900000

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "b" - l/d from 2 to 46

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

4000
3800
3600
3400
3200

3993
3794
3594
3395
3196

3972
3775
3578
3380
3182

3936
3743
3549
3354
3160

3882
3694
3506
3316
3126

3808
3628
3446
3264
3080

3708
3539
3368
3194
3020

3578
3423
3266
3105
2942

3413
3277
3137
2992
2844

3212
3098
2978
2853
2723

2981
2890
2793
2689
2580

2730
2661
2586
2504
2416

2476
2425
2369
2307
2239

2232
2195
2154
2108
2056

2007
1980
1950
1916
1878

1804
1784
1762
1737
1709

1624
1609
1593
1574
1553

1465
1455
1442
1428
1412

1327
1318
1309
1298
1286

1205
1198
1191
1183
1173

1098
1093
1087
1081
1073

1004
1000
995
990
984

921
918
914
910
905

848
845
842
838
834

3000
2800
2100000 2600
2400
2200

2996
2797
2597
2398
2198

2985
2787
2588
2390
2192

2965
2769
2573
2377
2181

2935
2744
2552
2359
2166

2895
2709
2522
2334
2145

2843
2664
2484
2302
2118

2776
2607
2435
2261
2085

2691
2535
2375
2211
2044

2587
2447
2300
2149
1993

2463
2341
2211
2075
1933

2320
2217
2107
1988
1861

2163
2080
1988
1888
1779

1998
1933
1860
1778
1687

1834
1784
1727
1662
1588

1676
1638
1594
1544
1484

1528
1500
1466
1427
1381

1393
1372
1346
1316
1279

1271
1255
1235
1211
1183

1162
1149
1134
1115
1093

1064
1054
1042
1027
1010

977
969
959
948
934

899
893
885
876
864

830
824
818
811
801

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

1998
1799
1599
1399
1199

1993
1794
1596
1397
1198

1984
1787
1590
1392
1194

1972
1777
1582
1386
1190

1955
1764
1571
1378
1184

1933
1746
1558
1368
1177

1906
1725
1541
1356
1168

1873
1698
1521
1341
1157

1832
1667
1497
1322
1144

1784
1629
1468
1301
1129

1726
1584
1434
1276
1112

1660
1532
1394
1247
1091

1585
1472
1349
1214
1068

1503
1406
1298
1176
1042

1415
1335
1241
1134
1012

1325
1259
1181
1088
979

1236
1182
1117
1038
943

1149
1106
1053
987
905

1066
1032
989
934
864

988
961
926
882
823

916
895
867
830
781

850
833
810
780
739

790
776
757
732
699

3600
3400
3200
3000

3594
3395
3195
2996

3577
3379
3181
2984

3546
3352
3157
2963

3500
3312
3122
2932

3438
3256
3073
2889

3354
3183
3009
2834

3245
3087
2926
2762

3108
2967
2822
2672

2939
2819
2693
2562

2743
2645
2541
2430

2528
2452
2369
2279

2305
2248
2185
2115

2087
2045
1998
1945

1883
1852
1818
1778

1697
1675
1649
1620

1531
1515
1495
1473

1384
1372
1357
1341

1255
1245
1234
1221

1141
1133
1125
1115

1040
1035
1028
1020

952
947
942
936

874
870
866
861

804
801
798
794

2800
2000000 2600
2400
2200

2797
2597
2397
2198

2786
2588
2390
2191

2768
2572
2376
2180

2741
2549
2357
2164

2704
2518
2331
2142

2657
2478
2297
2114

2595
2426
2253
2078

2519
2361
2200
2034

2425
2282
2134
1981

2312
2187
2055
1916

2181
2076
1962
1840

2037
1951
1857
1752

1885
1818
1742
1656

1733
1681
1621
1552

1586
1546
1500
1446

1448
1418
1382
1340

1321
1298
1271
1238

1206
1189
1168
1142

1103
1089
1073
1053

1011
1000
987
971

928
920
909
897

855
848
839
829

789
783
776
768

2000
1800
1600
1400

1998
1799
1599
1399

1993
1794
1595
1396

1984
1787
1590
1392

1970
1776
1581
1386

1952
1762
1570
1377

1930
1743
1556
1366

1901
1721
1538
1353

1865
1693
1517
1337

1822
1659
1491
1318

1770
1618
1460
1295

1709
1570
1423
1269

1639
1515
1381
1238

1559
1452
1333
1202

1473
1382
1279
1162

1382
1307
1219
1117

1290
1229
1156
1069

1199
1150
1090
1017

1111
1073
1024
964

1029
998
959
909

952
928
897
856

881
862
837
804

817
801
781
754

758
745
729
707

235

236

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "b" - l/d from 2 to 46

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

3600
3400
3200
3000
2800

3594
3395
3195
2996
2796

3575
3378
3180
2983
2785

3543
3349
3155
2961
2766

3495
3307
3118
2928
2738

3428
3248
3066
2883
2699

3339
3169
2998
2824
2648

3223
3067
2909
2747
2583

3075
2938
2797
2651
2501

2896
2781
2660
2533
2400

2689
2597
2498
2392
2279

2464
2394
2317
2233
2141

2236
2184
2126
2062
1990

2016
1979
1936
1888
1834

1813
1786
1755
1719
1679

1630
1610
1587
1561
1531

1468
1453
1436
1416
1394

1325
1314
1301
1286
1269

1200
1191
1181
1170
1157

1090
1083
1075
1067
1056

993
988
982
975
967

908
904
899
894
887

833
830
826
821
816

767
764
761
757
753

2600
2400
1900000 2200
2000
1800

2597
2397
2198
1998
1798

2587
2389
2191
1992
1794

2571
2375
2179
1983
1786

2546
2354
2162
1969
1775

2513
2327
2139
1950
1760

2470
2291
2109
1925
1740

2415
2245
2071
1895
1716

2346
2187
2024
1857
1686

2261
2117
1966
1811
1650

2159
2032
1897
1755
1607

2041
1933
1816
1690
1555

1910
1822
1723
1615
1496

1772
1701
1621
1531
1429

1631
1577
1514
1440
1355

1495
1454
1404
1346
1277

1367
1335
1297
1251
1196

1249
1224
1195
1159
1116

1141
1122
1100
1072
1037

1044
1030
1012
990
963

957
946
932
915
893

879
870
859
846
828

810
803
794
783
769

748
742
735
726
714

1600
1400
1200
1000

1599
1399
1199
1000

1595
1396
1197
998

1589
1392
1194
996

1580
1385
1189
992

1568
1376
1182
988

1553
1365
1174
982

1535
1351
1164
975

1512
1333
1152
967

1484
1313
1137
958

1451
1289
1120
946

1412
1260
1100
933

1367
1227
1077
918

1315
1189
1051
900

1258
1146
1021
881

1195
1099
987
858

1129
1047
950
834

1061
994
910
807

994
938
867
777

928
883
824
746

865
829
780
713

806
776
736
680

751
727
693
647

699
680
653
613

3400
3200
3000
2800
2600

3394
3195
2996
2796
2597

3377
3179
2982
2784
2586

3346
3153
2958
2764
2569

3301
3113
2924
2734
2543

3238
3058
2876
2693
2508

3154
2984
2813
2638
2462

3045
2889
2731
2568
2403

2906
2769
2627
2480
2329

2738
2622
2500
2372
2238

2542
2450
2350
2243
2128

2331
2260
2182
2097
2003

2116
2063
2005
1939
1865

1908
1870
1827
1778
1722

1716
1689
1657
1621
1578

1543
1523
1500
1473
1441

1390
1375
1358
1337
1314

1255
1243
1230
1215
1197

1136
1127
1117
1106
1092

1032
1025
1017
1008
998

941
935
929
922
914

860
856
851
845
839

789
786
782
777
772

726
723
720
716
712

2400
2200
1800000 2000
1800
1600

2397
2198
1998
1798
1599

2388
2190
1992
1794
1595

2374
2178
1982
1785
1588

2352
2160
1967
1773
1579

2322
2135
1947
1757
1566

2284
2103
1921
1737
1550

2234
2063
1888
1711
1530

2173
2012
1848
1679
1506

2097
1950
1798
1640
1476

2006
1876
1738
1593
1441

1901
1789
1668
1538
1399

1783
1691
1588
1475
1350

1657
1583
1499
1403
1295

1529
1472
1404
1326
1234

1404
1360
1307
1244
1168

1285
1252
1211
1161
1099

1176
1150
1118
1079
1030

1075
1055
1031
1000
961

985
969
950
926
895

903
891
876
857
832

830
821
809
793
774

765
757
748
735
719

707
700
692
682
669

1400
1200
1000
800

1399
1199
1000
800

1396
1197
998
799

1391
1193
995
797

1384
1188
992
795

1375
1181
987
792

1362
1173
981
788

1348
1162
974
784

1329
1149
965
778

1307
1134
955
772

1281
1115
943
764

1251
1094
929
756

1215
1069
912
746

1174
1040
894
735

1128
1008
872
722

1078
972
849
708

1024
932
822
692

968
890
793
675

911
846
762
655

854
801
729
635

800
756
695
612

747
711
661
589

698
669
627
565

652
628
593
540

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "b" - l/d from 2 to 46

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

3200
3000
2800
2600
2400

3195
2995
2796
2596
2397

3178
2981
2783
2586
2388

3150
2956
2762
2567
2372

3107
2919
2730
2540
2349

3048
2868
2686
2502
2317

2970
2800
2627
2453
2276

2867
2711
2552
2389
2223

2737
2600
2457
2309
2157

2579
2463
2340
2211
2075

2396
2303
2202
2094
1977

2198
2126
2047
1960
1864

1995
1943
1883
1816
1740

1800
1762
1718
1667
1609

1620
1592
1559
1522
1478

1457
1436
1412
1385
1352

1312
1297
1279
1258
1233

1184
1173
1160
1144
1125

1072
1064
1053
1041
1027

974
967
960
950
939

888
883
876
869
860

812
808
803
797
790

745
742
738
733
727

686
683
680
676
671

2200
2000
1700000 1800
1600
1400

2197
1998
1798
1599
1399

2190
1992
1793
1595
1396

2177
1981
1784
1588
1391

2157
1965
1772
1578
1383

2131
1943
1755
1564
1373

2097
1916
1732
1547
1360

2053
1881
1705
1526
1344

1999
1837
1670
1500
1325

1932
1784
1629
1468
1301

1852
1719
1578
1429
1273

1759
1644
1519
1384
1240

1654
1558
1451
1332
1202

1542
1464
1375
1273
1158

1426
1365
1293
1208
1108

1312
1265
1208
1138
1055

1203
1167
1122
1067
998

1102
1074
1039
996
940

1009
988
961
926
881

925
908
887
860
824

849
836
819
798
769

781
771
757
740
717

720
712
701
687
668

665
658
650
638
623

1200
1000
800
600

1199
999
800
600

1197
998
799
599

1193
995
797
598

1188
991
795
597

1180
986
791
595

1171
980
787
593

1160
972
783
590

1146
963
777
587

1129
952
770
584

1109
939
762
579

1086
924
753
574

1059
906
742
569

1029
886
730
563

994
863
717
556

955
837
701
548

913
809
684
539

868
778
665
529

822
745
645
519

776
711
623
507

730
675
599
494

685
640
575
481

642
605
549
466

602
571
524
451

3200
3000
2800
2600
2400

3194
2995
2796
2596
2397

3177
2980
2782
2585
2387

3146
2953
2759
2565
2370

3101
2913
2725
2536
2345

3038
2858
2678
2495
2312

2953
2785
2615
2442
2267

2842
2689
2533
2373
2210

2701
2568
2430
2287
2138

2531
2421
2304
2180
2049

2336
2250
2156
2054
1944

2129
2064
1992
1912
1823

1922
1875
1822
1761
1692

1726
1692
1653
1608
1556

1547
1523
1495
1462
1423

1388
1370
1349
1325
1296

1247
1234
1218
1200
1179

1124
1114
1102
1089
1072

1016
1009
1000
990
977

922
917
910
902
892

840
835
830
824
816

768
764
760
755
748

704
701
698
693
688

648
645
642
639
635

2200
2000
1600000 1800
1600
1400

2197
1998
1798
1599
1399

2189
1991
1793
1594
1396

2175
1979
1783
1587
1390

2154
1962
1770
1576
1382

2126
1940
1751
1562
1371

2090
1910
1728
1544
1357

2043
1872
1698
1521
1340

1984
1825
1661
1492
1319

1911
1767
1615
1458
1294

1825
1697
1561
1416
1263

1724
1616
1497
1367
1228

1613
1524
1424
1311
1186

1495
1425
1342
1247
1139

1377
1322
1256
1178
1086

1261
1219
1168
1106
1029

1153
1121
1081
1032
970

1053
1028
998
959
909

962
943
919
889
849

880
865
847
823
791

807
795
780
762
736

741
732
720
705
685

682
675
666
654
637

630
624
616
606
593

1200
1000
800
600

1199
999
800
600

1197
998
799
599

1193
995
797
598

1187
991
794
597

1179
986
791
595

1169
979
787
593

1157
970
781
590

1142
960
775
586

1124
949
768
582

1103
934
759
578

1078
918
750
573

1049
899
738
567

1015
877
725
560

978
852
710
552

936
825
694
544

891
794
675
534

844
761
655
524

797
726
633
512

749
690
609
500

702
653
584
486

657
617
558
471

615
582
532
456

575
548
506
440

237

238

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "b" - l/d from 2 to 46

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

3000
2800
2600
2400
2200

2995
2795
2596
2397
2197

2978
2781
2584
2386
2188

2950
2756
2562
2368
2173

2907
2719
2531
2342
2151

2848
2669
2488
2305
2121

2768
2600
2430
2257
2081

2664
2512
2355
2195
2030

2532
2399
2261
2116
1966

2373
2262
2145
2020
1887

2190
2104
2009
1906
1793

1996
1931
1858
1777
1685

1802
1755
1701
1639
1567

1618
1584
1545
1499
1445

1450
1426
1397
1363
1323

1301
1283
1262
1237
1207

1169
1156
1140
1122
1099

1054
1044
1032
1018
1001

953
945
936
925
912

865
859
852
843
833

788
783
777
771
763

720
716
712
706
700

660
657
653
649
644

607
605
602
598
594

2000
1800
1500000 1600
1400
1200

1998
1798
1598
1399
1199

1990
1792
1594
1395
1197

1978
1782
1586
1389
1192

1960
1768
1575
1381
1186

1935
1748
1559
1369
1177

1903
1722
1540
1354
1167

1862
1690
1515
1336
1154

1811
1650
1484
1313
1137

1748
1600
1446
1285
1118

1672
1541
1401
1252
1095

1584
1471
1348
1213
1068

1486
1392
1287
1168
1036

1381
1306
1219
1117
1000

1274
1216
1145
1060
959

1170
1125
1069
1000
914

1071
1037
993
938
867

980
953
919
876
818

896
876
849
815
768

821
805
784
757
719

753
740
724
702
672

692
682
669
652
628

638
630
619
605
586

589
582
574
562
547

1000
800
600
400

999
800
600
400

998
798
599
400

995
797
598
399

990
794
597
398

985
790
595
398

977
786
592
396

968
780
589
395

958
773
585
394

945
766
581
392

929
756
576
390

912
746
571
387

891
733
564
385

867
719
557
382

840
703
549
379

810
685
539
375

777
665
529
371

742
643
518
366

705
619
505
362

667
594
491
356

630
567
476
350

593
540
461
344

557
513
444
337

523
487
427
330

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

2795
2596
2396
2197
1997

2780
2582
2385
2188
1990

2753
2560
2366
2171
1976

2713
2526
2337
2147
1957

2658
2479
2298
2115
1930

2584
2416
2245
2071
1895

2486
2334
2177
2016
1850

2363
2230
2091
1946
1794

2214
2104
1986
1859
1725

2044
1957
1862
1757
1642

1863
1798
1724
1641
1547

1682
1634
1579
1516
1442

1510
1476
1436
1389
1332

1354
1329
1300
1265
1223

1214
1196
1175
1149
1117

1091
1078
1062
1043
1019

983
973
961
947
929

889
882
873
861
848

807
801
794
785
775

735
730
725
718
709

672
668
664
658
651

616
613
609
605
600

567
564
561
558
553

1800
1400000 1600
1400
1200

1798
1598
1399
1199

1792
1593
1395
1196

1781
1585
1389
1192

1765
1573
1379
1185

1744
1556
1367
1176

1716
1535
1351
1164

1681
1508
1331
1150

1637
1474
1306
1132

1583
1433
1275
1111

1518
1383
1239
1086

1442
1325
1196
1056

1357
1259
1147
1021

1265
1186
1092
982

1171
1108
1031
938

1078
1029
967
890

989
951
903
839

906
877
839
788

830
808
778
737

761
743
720
688

699
685
666
641

643
632
617
596

593
584
572
555

548
540
531
517

999
800
600
400

997
798
599
400

994
796
598
399

990
793
596
398

983
789
594
397

976
785
591
396

966
779
588
395

954
771
584
393

940
763
580
391

923
753
574
389

904
741
568
387

881
727
561
384

855
712
553
380

826
694
544
377

793
675
534
373

757
653
523
368

720
629
510
364

681
603
496
358

642
576
481
352

604
548
465
346

566
520
449
339

531
493
431
331

497
466
413
323

1000
800
600
400

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "b" - l/d from 2 to 46

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

2795
2595
2396
2197
1997

2778
2581
2384
2187
1989

2749
2556
2363
2169
1974

2706
2519
2332
2143
1953

2645
2468
2289
2107
1924

2564
2399
2231
2060
1886

2456
2309
2156
1999
1837

2321
2195
2061
1921
1775

2159
2056
1946
1826
1698

1976
1898
1811
1714
1608

1787
1730
1664
1590
1504

1602
1562
1514
1458
1393

1431
1402
1368
1327
1278

1278
1257
1232
1202
1166

1142
1127
1109
1087
1061

1024
1013
1000
984
963

922
913
903
891
876

832
826
818
809
797

755
750
744
736
727

687
683
678
672
665

627
624
620
615
610

575
572
569
565
561

528
526
524
521
517

1800
1600
1300000 1400
1200
1000

1798
1598
1399
1199
999

1791
1593
1395
1196
997

1779
1584
1388
1191
994

1762
1570
1378
1184
989

1739
1552
1364
1174
982

1709
1529
1347
1161
973

1670
1499
1324
1146
963

1622
1462
1297
1126
950

1562
1417
1264
1103
935

1490
1362
1224
1075
916

1408
1299
1177
1042
895

1316
1226
1123
1004
870

1219
1148
1062
960
841

1122
1066
998
913
809

1027
985
931
861
773

938
906
864
809
735

857
832
799
755
695

782
763
738
703
655

716
701
681
654
614

656
644
629
607
575

603
593
581
563
538

555
547
537
523
503

512
506
498
487
470

800
600
400
200

800
600
400
200

798
599
400
200

796
598
399
200

793
596
398
200

789
594
397
199

783
591
396
199

777
587
394
199

769
583
393
198

760
578
391
198

749
572
388
197

736
565
385
197

721
558
382
196

704
549
379
195

684
539
375
194

662
528
370
193

638
515
366
192

612
501
360
191

585
486
354
190

556
470
348
189

527
453
341
187

498
435
333
186

470
416
325
184

443
397
316
182

2600
2400
2200
2000
1800

2595
2396
2196
1997
1798

2580
2383
2185
1988
1790

2553
2360
2166
1972
1778

2512
2326
2138
1949
1759

2455
2278
2099
1917
1734

2379
2214
2046
1875
1700

2279
2131
1978
1820
1657

2152
2026
1892
1751
1603

2000
1898
1787
1667
1537

1830
1752
1665
1567
1458

1654
1597
1531
1455
1367

1482
1441
1393
1337
1269

1323
1294
1260
1218
1167

1181
1160
1135
1105
1067

1056
1041
1022
1000
972

946
935
922
905
884

851
843
833
820
804

769
762
755
745
733

697
692
686
678
669

634
630
625
619
612

579
576
572
567
561

531
528
525
521
516

488
486
483
480
476

1600
1200000 1400
1200
1000

1598
1399
1199
999

1592
1394
1196
997

1582
1387
1190
993

1568
1376
1182
988

1548
1361
1171
980

1522
1342
1158
971

1490
1317
1140
960

1449
1287
1119
945

1398
1250
1093
928

1337
1206
1062
908

1267
1153
1026
884

1188
1094
983
856

1105
1028
936
824

1019
960
884
789

936
890
829
750

857
821
774
709

784
756
719
667

717
696
667
625

657
640
617
584

602
589
571
545

554
543
529
508

510
502
490
473

471
464
455
441

800
600
400
200

798
599
400
200

796
598
399
200

792
596
398
200

788
593
397
199

782
590
396
199

775
586
394
199

766
581
392
198

756
576
390
198

743
570
387
197

729
562
384
196

713
554
381
195

694
544
377
195

672
533
372
194

648
520
368
193

622
506
362
192

593
491
356
190

564
475
350
189

534
457
342
187

504
438
334
186

474
419
326
184

446
399
317
182

419
380
307
180

800
600
400
200

239

240

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "b" - l/d from 2 to 46

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000

1797
1598
1398
1199
999

1789
1592
1394
1195
997

1775
1581
1385
1189
993

1755
1565
1373
1180
987

1727
1543
1357
1169
979

1690
1514
1336
1153
968

1642
1478
1309
1134
955

1581
1432
1275
1111
940

1507
1375
1233
1081
921

1419
1307
1183
1047
898

1320
1229
1125
1006
871

1215
1144
1059
958
840

1109
1055
989
906
804

1007
967
916
850
765

912
883
844
792
723

826
804
775
735
679

749
733
710
679
635

681
668
651
627
592

620
610
597
578
551

567
559
548
533
512

519
513
504
493
475

477
472
465
456
442

439
435
430
422
411

800
600
400
200

799
600
400
200

798
599
399
200

795
597
399
200

791
595
398
199

786
592
397
199

780
589
395
199

772
585
393
198

763
580
391
198

751
573
389
197

737
566
386
197

721
558
382
196

703
549
379
195

681
538
374
194

657
525
369
193

631
511
364
192

602
496
358
191

571
479
351
189

540
460
344
188

508
441
336
186

477
421
327
184

448
400
317
182

419
380
307
180

392
360
297
178

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

1996
1797
1598
1398
1199

1985
1788
1591
1393
1195

1966
1773
1579
1384
1188

1938
1750
1561
1370
1178

1898
1719
1537
1352
1165

1845
1677
1505
1328
1148

1776
1623
1463
1298
1127

1688
1554
1411
1259
1100

1582
1470
1347
1212
1067

1460
1372
1270
1156
1027

1331
1264
1184
1091
981

1201
1152
1092
1019
928

1079
1043
999
943
871

967
941
909
866
811

867
849
825
793
750

779
766
748
724
691

702
692
679
661
635

635
627
617
603
584

577
570
562
552
537

525
520
514
505
494

480
476
471
464
455

440
437
433
427
420

405
402
399
394
388

1000
800
600
400
200

999
799
600
400
200

996
798
599
399
200

992
795
597
399
200

985
791
595
398
199

976
785
592
396
199

965
778
588
395
199

950
769
583
393
198

933
758
577
390
198

911
745
571
387
197

885
730
563
384
196

855
712
553
380
195

819
691
542
376
194

780
666
530
371
193

736
639
516
366
192

691
610
500
360
191

645
578
483
353
190

599
545
464
345
188

556
512
443
337
186

514
480
422
327
184

476
448
401
318
182

441
418
380
307
180

408
390
358
296
178

379
364
338
285
175

1600
1400
1200
1000

1597
1398
1199
999

1590
1392
1194
996

1576
1382
1187
991

1556
1367
1176
983

1529
1346
1161
973

1492
1319
1142
960

1445
1284
1117
944

1385
1240
1086
924

1311
1186
1049
899

1225
1122
1003
869

1130
1048
950
834

1032
970
891
794

935
889
829
750

844
810
765
702

762
736
702
653

687
669
643
605

622
608
588
559

564
553
538
515

513
504
492
475

468
461
452
438

428
423
415
404

393
389
383
374

362
358
353
346

800
600
400
200

799
600
400
200

797
599
399
200

794
597
399
200

789
594
397
199

783
591
396
199

775
586
394
199

765
581
392
198

753
575
389
197

738
567
386
197

720
558
382
196

700
547
378
195

675
534
373
194

648
520
367
193

617
504
361
191

584
486
354
190

550
466
346
188

515
445
337
186

480
423
328
185

447
400
317
182

416
378
306
180

387
356
295
178

360
334
283
175

335
314
270
172

1100000

1000000

900000

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "b" - l/d from 46 to 80

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

4000
3800
3600
3400
3200

848
845
842
838
834

782
780
777
775
771

724
722
720
718
715

672
670
668
666
664

625
624
622
620
619

583
582
580
579
577

545
544
543
541
540

510
509
508
507
506

479
478
477
476
475

450
449
449
448
447

424
423
423
422
421

400
399
399
398
397

378
377
377
376
376

358
357
357
356
356

339
339
338
338
337

322
321
321
321
320

306
305
305
305
304

291
291
290
290
290

3000
2800
2100000 2600
2400
2200

830
824
818
811
801

768
763
758
752
744

712
708
704
699
692

662
658
655
651
645

616
614
611
607
603

575
573
571
568
564

538
536
534
532
528

505
503
501
499
496

474
472
471
469
467

446
445
443
442
439

420
419
418
416
415

397
396
395
393
392

375
374
373
372
371

355
354
353
352
351

337
336
335
334
333

320
319
318
318
317

304
303
303
302
301

289
289
288
287
287

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

790
776
757
732
699

735
723
708
688
659

685
675
662
646
622

639
631
620
606
587

597
590
582
570
553

559
554
546
536
522

525
520
513
505
493

493
489
483
476
466

464
460
455
449
441

437
434
430
424
417

412
410
406
402
395

390
387
384
380
375

369
367
364
361
356

350
348
346
342
338

332
330
328
325
322

315
314
312
310
306

300
299
297
295
292

286
285
283
281
278

3600
3400
3200
3000

804
801
798
794

743
740
737
734

688
685
683
680

638
636
634
632

594
592
591
589

554
553
551
549

518
517
515
514

485
484
483
482

455
454
453
452

428
427
426
425

403
402
402
401

380
380
379
378

359
359
358
358

340
340
339
339

322
322
322
321

306
306
305
305

291
290
290
290

277
276
276
276

2800
2000000 2600
2400
2200

789
783
776
768

730
725
720
713

677
673
668
663

629
626
622
617

586
584
580
576

547
545
542
539

512
510
508
505

480
478
476
474

451
449
448
446

424
423
421
420

400
399
397
396

378
377
375
374

357
356
355
354

338
337
336
335

320
320
319
318

304
304
303
302

289
289
288
287

275
275
274
273

2000
1800
1600
1400

758
745
729
707

705
694
681
662

656
647
636
621

612
605
595
583

572
565
558
547

535
530
523
514

502
497
491
484

471
467
462
456

443
440
436
430

417
415
411
406

394
391
388
384

372
370
367
364

352
350
348
345

334
332
330
327

317
315
313
311

301
300
298
296

286
285
284
282

273
272
270
269

241

242

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "b" - l/d from 46 to 80

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
E

Fc*

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

3600
3400
3200
3000
2800

767
764
761
757
753

708
705
703
700
696

655
653
651
648
645

608
606
604
602
600

565
564
562
561
559

527
526
525
523
521

493
492
491
489
488

461
461
460
458
457

433
432
431
430
429

407
406
406
405
404

383
383
382
381
381

362
361
361
360
359

2600
2400
1900000 2200
2000
1800

748
742
735
726
714

692
687
681
674
664

642
638
633
627
619

597
593
589
584
578

556
553
550
546
540

519
517
514
510
506

486
484
481
478
474

456
454
452
449
446

428
426
425
422
419

403
401
400
398
395

380
378
377
375
373

1600
1400
1200
1000

699
680
653
613

652
636
614
581

609
596
577
550

569
558
543
520

533
524
511
491

500
492
481
465

469
463
453
439

441
436
428
416

416
411
404
394

392
388
382
373

3400
3200
3000
2800
2600

726
723
720
716
712

670
668
665
662
658

620
618
616
614
611

576
574
572
570
567

536
534
533
531
529

499
498
497
495
493

467
466
465
463
462

437
436
435
434
433

410
409
409
408
406

2400
2200
1800000 2000
1800
1600

707
700
692
682
669

654
649
642
634
624

607
603
597
590
582

564
561
556
551
543

526
523
519
514
508

491
489
485
481
476

460
458
455
451
447

431
429
427
424
420

1400
1200
1000
800

652
628
593
540

609
589
560
516

570
553
529
491

533
520
499
468

500
488
471
444

469
460
445
422

441
433
421
401

415
408
398
381

l/d
70

72

74

76

78

80

342
341
341
340
340

323
323
323
322
322

307
306
306
305
305

291
291
290
290
289

276
276
276
275
275

263
263
262
262
262

358
357
356
355
353

339
338
337
335
334

321
320
319
318
316

304
303
303
302
300

289
288
287
286
285

275
274
273
272
271

261
261
260
259
259

370
367
361
354

350
347
342
336

332
329
325
319

314
312
309
303

299
296
293
289

284
282
279
275

270
268
266
262

257
256
254
250

386
385
384
383
382

363
363
362
361
360

343
342
342
341
340

324
323
323
322
322

306
306
306
305
304

290
290
290
289
289

276
275
275
275
274

262
262
261
261
260

249
249
249
248
248

405
403
401
399
395

381
380
378
376
373

359
358
356
355
352

339
338
337
335
333

321
320
319
317
315

304
303
302
300
299

288
287
286
285
284

273
273
272
271
270

260
259
259
258
256

247
247
246
245
244

391
385
376
362

369
364
356
344

349
344
338
327

330
326
320
311

313
309
304
296

297
293
289
282

282
279
275
269

268
265
262
256

255
253
250
245

243
241
238
234

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "b" - l/d from 46 to 80

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

3200
3000
2800
2600
2400

686
683
680
676
671

633
631
628
625
621

586
584
582
579
576

544
542
540
538
535

506
504
503
501
499

472
470
469
467
465

441
440
439
437
436

413
412
411
410
408

387
387
386
385
383

364
364
363
362
361

343
342
342
341
340

324
323
322
322
321

306
305
305
304
303

289
289
289
288
287

274
274
273
273
272

260
260
260
259
259

247
247
247
246
246

235
235
235
234
234

2200
2000
1700000 1800
1600
1400

665
658
650
638
623

616
610
603
594
581

572
567
561
553
543

532
528
523
517
508

496
493
488
483
476

463
460
457
452
446

434
431
428
424
419

407
404
402
399
394

382
380
378
375
371

359
358
356
353
350

339
338
336
334
331

320
319
317
315
313

303
302
300
299
296

287
286
284
283
281

272
271
270
269
267

258
257
256
255
254

245
245
244
243
241

234
233
232
231
230

1200
1000
800
600

602
571
524
451

564
538
499
435

529
507
474
419

496
478
450
402

466
451
427
386

438
425
405
369

412
401
384
353

388
379
364
338

366
358
345
323

346
339
328
308

327
321
312
294

309
304
296
281

293
289
282
269

278
274
268
257

264
261
255
245

252
248
244
235

240
237
232
225

228
226
222
215

3200
3000
2800
2600
2400

648
645
642
639
635

598
596
593
590
587

553
551
549
547
544

513
512
510
508
506

477
476
474
473
471

445
444
443
441
439

416
415
414
413
411

389
388
388
387
385

365
365
364
363
362

343
343
342
341
340

323
323
322
322
321

305
305
304
303
303

288
288
287
287
286

273
272
272
271
271

258
258
258
257
257

245
245
245
244
244

233
233
232
232
232

222
221
221
221
221

2200
2000
1600000 1800
1600
1400

630
624
616
606
593

583
578
572
564
553

541
537
531
525
516

503
499
495
489
482

468
466
462
457
451

437
435
432
428
423

409
407
405
401
397

384
382
380
377
373

360
359
357
354
351

339
338
336
334
331

320
319
317
315
313

302
301
299
298
296

285
284
283
282
280

270
269
268
267
265

256
255
255
253
252

243
243
242
241
239

231
231
230
229
228

220
220
219
218
217

1200
1000
800
600

575
548
506
440

538
515
480
423

503
485
456
406

472
456
431
389

442
429
409
372

415
404
387
356

390
381
366
340

368
360
347
324

346
340
329
309

327
321
312
295

309
304
296
281

293
288
281
268

277
273
267
256

263
260
254
244

250
247
242
233

238
235
231
223

226
224
220
213

216
213
210
204

243

244

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "b" - l/d from 46 to 80

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

3000
2800
2600
2400
2200

607
605
602
598
594

560
558
556
553
549

518
517
515
512
509

481
479
478
476
473

447
446
445
443
441

417
416
415
413
412

390
389
388
386
385

365
364
363
362
361

342
342
341
340
339

322
321
321
320
319

303
303
302
301
300

286
285
285
284
284

270
270
269
269
268

256
255
255
254
254

242
242
242
241
241

230
230
229
229
228

218
218
218
218
217

208
208
207
207
207

2000
1800
1500000 1600
1400
1200

589
582
574
562
547

545
540
533
523
510

506
501
496
488
477

470
467
462
455
446

438
435
431
426
418

409
407
403
399
392

383
381
378
374
369

359
357
355
351
347

337
336
334
331
327

318
316
314
312
308

299
298
296
294
291

283
282
280
278
276

267
266
265
263
261

253
252
251
250
248

240
239
238
237
235

228
227
226
225
223

217
216
215
214
213

206
206
205
204
203

1000
800
600
400

523
487
427
330

491
461
410
322

461
436
392
313

433
412
375
305

407
389
358
296

383
368
341
286

361
348
325
277

340
329
309
267

321
311
294
258

303
295
280
248

287
280
267
239

272
266
254
230

258
252
243
221

245
240
231
212

232
228
221
204

221
217
211
196

211
207
202
188

201
198
193
181

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

567
564
561
558
553

523
521
518
515
512

484
482
480
478
474

449
447
446
444
441

417
416
415
413
411

389
388
387
385
384

364
363
362
360
359

341
340
339
338
336

320
319
318
317
316

300
300
299
298
297

283
282
282
281
280

267
266
266
265
264

252
252
251
251
250

239
238
238
237
237

226
226
225
225
224

215
214
214
214
213

204
204
203
203
203

194
194
193
193
193

1800
1400000 1600
1400
1200

548
540
531
517

507
501
493
482

471
466
459
450

438
434
428
421

408
405
400
394

381
378
374
369

357
354
351
346

335
333
330
326

314
313
310
307

296
294
292
289

279
278
276
273

263
262
261
258

249
248
247
245

236
235
234
232

224
223
222
220

212
212
211
209

202
201
200
199

192
192
191
190

1000
800
600
400

497
466
413
323

466
440
395
315

436
415
377
306

409
391
359
296

384
369
342
287

361
348
325
277

340
329
309
267

320
311
294
257

302
294
279
247

285
278
265
238

269
263
253
228

255
250
240
219

242
237
229
210

229
225
218
202

218
214
208
194

207
204
199
186

197
195
190
178

188
186
181
171

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "b" - l/d from 46 to 80

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

F c*

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

2800
2600
2400
2200
2000

528
526
524
521
517

487
486
483
481
478

451
449
447
445
443

418
417
415
414
411

389
388
386
385
383

362
361
360
359
358

338
338
337
336
334

317
316
315
315
313

297
297
296
295
294

279
279
278
278
277

263
263
262
262
261

248
248
247
247
246

234
234
234
233
233

222
222
221
221
220

210
210
210
209
209

200
199
199
199
198

190
189
189
189
188

180
180
180
180
179

1800
1600
1300000 1400
1200
1000

512
506
498
487
470

474
469
462
453
439

440
435
430
422
411

409
405
401
394
385

381
378
374
369
361

356
353
350
345
338

333
331
328
324
318

312
310
308
304
299

293
291
289
286
282

276
274
272
270
266

260
259
257
255
252

245
244
243
241
238

232
231
230
228
226

220
219
218
216
214

208
207
207
205
203

198
197
196
195
193

188
187
187
186
184

179
178
178
177
175

800
600
400
200

443
397
316
182

417
378
307
180

392
360
297
178

369
342
287
176

348
325
277
174

328
308
267
171

309
292
256
168

292
277
246
166

275
263
236
163

260
250
227
160

247
237
217
156

234
226
208
153

222
215
199
150

211
205
191
146

200
195
183
143

191
186
175
139

182
177
168
135

173
169
161
132

2600
2400
2200
2000
1800

488
486
483
480
476

450
448
446
443
440

416
415
413
411
408

386
385
383
381
379

359
358
357
355
353

335
334
333
331
330

313
312
311
310
308

293
292
291
290
289

274
274
273
272
271

258
257
257
256
255

243
242
242
241
241

229
229
228
228
227

216
216
216
215
215

205
205
204
204
203

194
194
193
193
193

184
184
184
183
183

175
175
175
174
174

166
166
166
166
165

1600
1200000 1400
1200
1000

471
464
455
441

436
431
423
411

405
400
394
384

376
372
367
359

351
347
343
336

328
325
321
315

307
304
301
296

287
285
283
278

270
268
266
262

254
253
250
247

240
238
236
234

226
225
223
221

214
213
211
209

202
202
200
199

192
191
190
188

182
182
181
179

173
173
172
171

165
164
164
162

419
380
307
180

393
360
297
178

369
342
287
176

346
324
276
173

326
306
266
171

306
290
255
168

289
275
244
165

272
260
234
162

257
247
224
159

243
234
214
155

229
222
205
152

217
211
196
148

206
200
187
145

196
191
179
141

186
181
171
137

177
173
164
133

169
165
157
130

161
158
151
126

800
600
400
200

245

246

UNIT AXIAL STRESSES - SPACED COLUMNS, CONDITION "b" - l/d from 46 to 80

See instructions for use of tables on page 210. Obtain design values for E and Fc from the National Design Specification for Wood Construction. Modify Fc for different
load duration, if applicable (see page 13). Calculate l/d where l=unsupported length of column in inches and d=applicable least actual dimension of column cross section.
Determine value of Fc' from table.
Total design load on column = cross-sectional area in square inches times Fc' value.
l/d
E

Fc*

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000

439
435
430
422
411

406
403
398
392
382

376
373
370
364
356

349
347
344
339
333

325
323
320
317
311

303
302
299
296
292

284
282
280
278
274

266
265
263
261
257

250
248
247
245
242

235
234
232
231
228

221
220
219
218
215

209
208
207
206
204

197
197
196
195
193

187
186
185
184
183

177
176
176
175
174

168
167
167
166
165

160
159
159
158
157

152
152
151
150
149

800
600
400
200

392
360
297
178

367
340
286
176

344
322
275
173

323
304
264
170

303
287
253
167

284
271
242
164

267
256
231
161

252
242
221
158

237
229
211
154

224
217
201
150

212
206
192
147

201
195
183
143

190
185
175
139

180
176
167
135

171
168
160
131

163
160
153
127

155
152
146
123

148
145
140
119

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

405
402
399
394
388

373
371
369
365
360

346
344
341
338
334

321
319
317
315
311

298
297
295
293
290

278
277
276
274
271

260
259
258
256
254

243
242
241
240
238

228
228
227
225
224

215
214
213
212
211

202
202
201
200
199

191
190
190
189
188

180
180
179
178
178

170
170
170
169
168

162
161
161
160
159

153
153
153
152
151

146
145
145
145
144

139
138
138
138
137

1000
800
600
400
200

379
364
338
285
175

352
340
319
273
173

328
318
300
261
170

306
298
283
250
167

286
279
266
238
163

267
262
251
227
160

251
246
237
216
156

235
231
223
206
152

222
218
211
196
148

209
206
200
187
144

197
194
189
178
140

186
184
179
170
136

176
174
170
162
132

167
165
162
154
128

158
157
154
147
124

150
149
146
141
120

143
142
139
134
116

136
135
133
128
112

1600
1400
1200
1000

362
358
353
346

334
331
327
321

309
307
303
299

287
285
282
278

267
265
263
260

249
248
246
243

233
232
230
227

218
217
216
213

205
204
202
201

192
192
191
189

181
181
180
178

171
170
170
168

162
161
160
159

153
153
152
151

145
145
144
143

138
137
137
136

131
130
130
129

124
124
124
123

800
600
400
200

335
314
270
172

312
295
258
169

291
277
246
165

272
260
234
162

254
244
222
158

238
230
211
154

223
216
200
150

210
204
190
146

198
193
181
142

186
182
172
137

176
172
163
133

166
163
155
129

158
155
148
124

149
147
141
120

142
139
134
116

135
133
128
112

128
126
122
108

122
121
117
104

1100000

1000000

900000