DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, IIT MADRAS

Jan-Apr 2013 ME-1100 Thermodynamics Clausius' Inequality and Entropy 1. A heat engine receives reversibly 400 kJ of heat per cycle from a source at 327 0C and rejects heat reversibly to a sink at 27 0C. There are no other heat transfers. For each of the three hypothetical amounts of heat rejected in (a), (b) and (c) below, compute the cyclic integral Q/T. From these results show which case is reversible, irreversible or impossible. (a) 200 kJ/cycle (b) 300 kJ/cycle (c) 100 kJ/cycle. 2. A reversible heat engine received heat at the reate of 2000 kJ/cycle, 1500 kJ/cycle, and 1200 kJ/cycle from three reservoirs at 1200 K, 1000 K and 800 K, respectively. It rejects heat to two different sinks at 500 K and 300 K. All processes other than these heat transfer processes are adiabatic. The overall thermal efficiency of the engine is 60%. Find the individual heat transfers to the sinks at 500 K and 300 K. 3. Saturated liquid water at 100 0C is contained in a frictionless piston cylinder assembly fitted with a paddle wheel. The water undergoes a process by the action of the paddle wheel to the corresponding vapor state while the piston moves freely inside the cylinder. There is no heat transfer with the surroundings. Determine the net work per unit mass and the amount of entropy produced per unit mass. 4. 1 kg of air at a pressure of 10 bar and 1000C undergoes a reversible polytropic process which may be represented as Pv1.1 = constant. The final pressure is 2 bar. (a) Evaluate the final specific volume, the final temperature and the change in entropy. (b) Evaluate the work done and the heat transfer. (c) Repeat a) and b) assuming the process to be adiabatic and irreversible between the same end states. 5. Air enters an insulated compressor at 1.05 bars, 23 0C with a mass flow rate of 1.8 kg/s and exits at 2.9 bars. KE and PE changes are negligible. Determine the minimum power input required and the corresponding exit temperature. If the isentropic compressor efficiency is 80%, determine the power input and the exit temperature. 6. A certain gas has Cv = 1.2 kJ/kg.K. When it is expanded isentropically from a specific volume of 0.0625 m3/kg and a temperature of 540 K to a specific volume of 0.1875 m3/kg, its temperature falls by 170 K. When it is expanded in an adiabatic process with friction, from the same initial state to the same final specific volume, its temperature falls only by 30 K. Find the change in entropy of 1 kg of gas in the adiabatic process. 7. 1 kg of ice at 00C is dropped into an insulated vessel containing 10 kg of water at 30 0C. Given that the specific heat of water is 4.186 kJ/kg.K and the latent heat of ice is 330 kJ/kg, find the entropy change for the universe. 8. Exhaust gases leave an IC Engine at 750 0C and 1 atm, after having done 450 kJ work per kg of gas in the engine cylinder. Assume that the enthalpy of the gas is a function of temperature only and that Cp = 1.1 kJ/kg.K. Assume the temperature of the surroundings to be 27 0C. Calculate (a) the available and unavailable parts of the energy in every kg gas discharged to the surroundings and (b) the ratio of the lost available energy to the engine work.