BBS SLT PLL RP 0002 0 RevA - Pipeline Hydraulic

CARIGALI-HESS OPERATION COPMANY
PAGE 1 OF 19
PROJECT TITLE PROJECT NUMBER CLIENT CONTRACTOR
: : : :
BUMI, BULAN & SURYA GAS FILED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT PR023 CARIGALI-HESS OPERATING COMPANY SDN BHD KENCANA HL SDN BHD
DOCUMENT TITLE
PIPELINE THERMOHYDRAULIC REPORT (STEADY STATE)
DOCUMENT NUMBER
BBS_SLT/PPL/RP/0014
A D0 REV
26/12/06 29/11/06 DATE
ISSUED FOR IFC ISSUED FOR IDC DESCRIPTION
NF HP ISSUED
VN BB CHECKED
MB MB APPROVED APPROVED CLIENT DATE
CONTRACTOR
ENGINEERING SERVICES FOR BUMI, BULAN AND SURIYA GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
SLT Engineering Sdn Bhd
DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO.
PIPELINE THERMOHYDRAULIC REPORT (STEADY-STATE) PROJ. BBS-SLT DIS. PPL DOC. RP SEQ. 0014 S-SEQ. 0 REV A PAGE 2 OF 33
CHECK LIST
Revision
Revision Date
Description and Affected Sections
Authorised by
Date Issued
DO A
29/11/06 26/12/06
V.N V.N
29/11/06 28/12/06
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.0 5.0 5.1 6.0 6.1 6.2 7.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 4 PROJECT SERVICES BY SLT ENGINEERING .................................................................................................. 4 PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................................. 5 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................... 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................... 7 SUMMARY RESULTS ................................................................................................................................... 7 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 8 RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................................................................... 8 DESIGN DATA ............................................................................................................................................ 9 MODEL SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................... 9 PRODUCTION DETAILS .............................................................................................................................. 14 ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................................... 17 THERMOHYDRAULIC ASSUMPTIONS ................................................................................................... 19 THERMOHYDRAULIC RESULTS............................................................................................................. 20 HYDRAULIC RESULTS ............................................................................................................................... 20 DISSCUSSION .......................................................................................................................................... 24 THERMO-HYDRAULIC EVALUATION............................................................................................................. 24 OPERATIONAL ISSUES .............................................................................................................................. 25 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 28
APPENDIX A: SAMPLE OUTPUT RESULTS ...................................................................................................... 29 APPENDIX A1: BMA-CKR (HIGH PRESSURE-UNBURIED-MAX AMBIENT)............................................................... 30 APPENDIX A2: BLA-CKR (HIGH PRESSURE-UNBURIED-MAX AMBIENT)................................................................ 31 APPENDIX A3: SYA-CKR (HIGH PRESSURE-UNBURIED-MAX AMBIENT) ............................................................... 32 APPENDIX B: ELEVATION PROFILE.................................................................................................................. 33
DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. 1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Bumi, Bulan and Suriya Gas Fields, located in the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area (JDA), is to be developed by Carigali-Hess Operating Company Sdn Bhd (COMPANY) on behalf of its Shareholders and the Malaysia Thailand Joint Authority (MTJA). The field is to be developed to provide the following facilities: 3 Wellhead platforms to support drilling operations and production facilities at COMPANY prescribed locations. 3 Infra-field field pipelines to deliver the production to the existing Riser Platform (CKR) installed at the Cakerawala Gas Field. These pipelines shall include pig launching/receiving facilities. A 3rd Sales Gas Compression module to compress the Sales Gas for export via a third party 42" pipeline. Any other facilities required to meet the requirements and intent of the scope of WORKS and Design Basis Memorandum. Development of Bumi, Bulan and Suriya gas Field is planned to supply an additional 400 mmscfd sales gas for export, gas from these field will be delivered via sub-sea pipeline to Cakerawala Riser Platform (CKR) . Additional gas treatment facilities will be installed on Cakerawala Processing Platform (CKP).
1.1.
Project Services by SLT Engineering Carigali-Hess Operating Company Sdn, Bhd (CHOC) has awarded the EPIC contract for Bumi, Bulan & Suriya Gas Field Development to Kencana HL Sdn Bhd.
Kencana HL Sdn Bhd (KHL) in turn, has awarded SLT Engineering Sdn Bhd (SLTE) to perform the detail engineering design and to verify/optimise the FEED and detailed design worked of the following pipeline systems: One 16.0 km, 26 inch CRA (316L) gas pipeline from BMA to CKR One 8.6 km, 20-inch CRA (316L) gas pipeline from BLA to CKR One 12.8 km, 20-inch CRA (316L) gas pipeline from SYA to CKR Including the associated risers on BMA, BLA, SYA and CRA.
1.2.
Purpose The purpose of this hydraulic and thermal analysis is defined below:
Evaluate pressure drop; Thermal profile for input into mechanical design of pipeline; Prediction of liquid holdup in the each flowline Velocity Evaluation through each flowline; Detail the basis for transient operational conditions;
1.3.
Abbreviations and Definitions
CHOC KHL SLT AGA APP Hs Tp Shall Should May TBA TBC WRT Zone - 1 Zone - 2 B&BR DTM FWKO HAT
Carigali-Hess Operating Company Sdn Bhd herein refereed to as the Company Kencana HL Sdn Bhd herein referred to as the EPC Contractor SLT Engineering Sdn Bhd herein referred to as the Consulting Engineer American Gas Association American Petroleum Institute Significant Height Peak Period Indicates mandatory requirement Indicates preferred course of action Indicates optional course of action To be advised To be confirmed With Respect To All pipeline Length except Zone 2 From pig trap down to the riser bottom bend of pipe and 500 m of Pipeline beyond the bottom bend or fitting Beggs and Brill revised multiphase flow correlation digital terrain model free water knock-out highest astronomical tide
DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. KP LAT MEG PE PP PLEM SI SPM SRK PENG SWL -
PIPELINE THERMOHYDRAULIC REPORT (STEADY-STATE) PROJ. BBS-SLT kilometre point lowest astronomical tide monoethylene glycol polyethylene polypropylene pipeline end manifold System Internationale single point mooring soave redlich kwong equation of state Peng Robinson equation of state still water level DIS. PPL DOC. RP SEQ. 0014 S-SEQ. 0 REV A PAGE 6 OF 33
DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. 2.0
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
2.1
Summary Results
A steady state analysis was carried out, based Beggs and Brill Revised. The summary results for the thermo-hydraulics are presented in Table 2.0 to 2.2 below: Table 2.0: Summary Results for 26-Inch BMA to CKR For all Cases Item No. 1 2 3 4 PARAMETER Maximum Pressure Drop Maximum Temperature Drop Highest Exit Velocity Largest Liquid Hold Up Unit bar DegC m/s m3 VALUE 8.55 74.52 16.20 236.3 CASE Max Production and Flowing Temp Max Production & Min Ambient (Unburied) Min Production & Low Pressure (Unburied) Max Production Min Flowing Temperature
Table 2.1: Summary Results for 20-Inch BLA to CKR For all Cases Item No. 1 2 3 4 PARAMETER Maximum Pressure Drop Maximum Temperature Drop Highest Exit Velocity Largest Liquid Hold Up Unit bar DegC m/s m3 VALUE 3.56 94.72 10.372 145.4 CASE Low Pressure & Max Flow Temperature High Pressure & Min Ambient Temp (Unburied) Low Pressure & Max Flowing Temperature High Pressure & Minimum Flowing Temperature
Table 2.2: Summary Results for 20-Inch SYA to CKR For all Cases Item No. 1 2 3 4 PARAMETER Maximum Pressure Drop Maximum Temperature Drop Highest Exit Velocity Largest Liquid Hold Up Unit bar DegC m/s m3 VALUE 20.27 68.27 28.98 107.5 CASE Low Pressure & Max Flow Temperature High Pressure & Min Ambient Temp (Unburied) Low Pressure & Max Flowing Temperature High Pressure & Minimum Flowing Temperature
DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. 2.2 Conclusions
The following bullet points summaries the conclusions drawn from the Thermo-hydraulic analysis conducted in this document:
Based on steady state analysis, the size for each pipeline selected in satisfactory with respect to the production rates and landing pressures required. The maximum pressure drop to achieve the landing pressures for the BMA and BLA pipelines are acceptable, where the induced velocity along the pipeline is below the maximum allowable. However, the SYA pipeline has a considerably large max pressure drop as result of the low landing pressure and a relatively high flow rate. The induced high fluid velocities along the pipeline are also acceptable.
Based on the steady state cases analysed in this document for each pipeline, hydrates do not form.
Maximum Thermal case for each pipeline to be used for expansion analysis and cathodic protection of each pipeline.
Transient analysis to be conducted for each pipeline to assess the operational scenarios to develop the pipeline operational and pigging manual and to determine the slug characteristics of each pipeline.
2.3
Recommendations The following bullet points summaries the recommendations drawn from the analysis conducted for this report: The transient simulations will be performed for this project under different operating modes to determine: o The liquid inventory in the line which would impact the downstream liquid handling capability during transient operations. o o o o o o o o The pressure profiles along the line. Velocity ranges under various operational conditions The temperature profiles along the line. The potential for slugging (unstable flow). The limitations to production restart rates. The limitations to production ramp-up rates. The consequences of pigging. Confirmation of Hydrate formation scenarios
DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. 3.0 DESIGN DATA
3.1
Model Scope
3.1.1
System Geometry & Components
The steady state model includes from PC4 to B11 the topside piping section up to the pig traps, Riser Pipe, Spool Pipe and Subsea pipeline. The variation in properties at each section in the system is compiled in table 3.0 3.2, however variable parameters are changed to suit the case studies developed.
Pressure losses as a result of fittings are considered negligent for gas based systems and are not considered for hydraulic analysis. Pig traps are modeled to specify the limits of the system with respect to flow.
3.1.2
Calculation Method Process simulations of the pipeline under steady-state conditions where modeled in Pipesys, which is an extension to Hysys process simulator where Pipsys has features specific to modeling pipeline systems effectively under steady state conditions.
The equations of state used in the analysis are based on Peng-Robinson, where prediction of the pressure drop, temperature profile, flow regime and liquid volumes in the pipeline are based on Beggs and Brill revised (1977). It should be noted that multi-phase pressure loss and liquid hold-up for the mentioned correlations are derived from curve fitting and scaled models; therefore correlations that are derived from field data would achieve a higher level of accuracy (i.e. OLGAS).
When two liquid phases are present, appropriate volume based empirical mixing rules are implemented to calculate a single pseudo liquid phase. Therefore for pressure drops for three-phase systems require empirical mixing rules available in OLGAS as actual pressure drops can vary dramatically for different flow regimes.
The Beggs and Brill method is based on work done with an airwater mixture at many different conditions, and is applicable for inclined flow.
Fig 3.0: Beggs & Brill Flow Regimes
In the Beggs and Brill correlation, the flow regime is determined using the Froude number and inlet liquid content as shown in Fig 3.0 above. The flow map used is based on horizontal flow and has four regimes: segregated, intermittent, distributed, and transition. The types of flow in the first three regime are listed as follows:

Segregated Flow: Stratified, Wavy, and Annular. Intermittent Flow: Plug and Slug. Distributed Flow: Bubble and Mist.
Once the flow regime has been determined, the liquid holdup for a horizontal pipe is calculated, using the correlation applicable to that regime. A factor is applied to this holdup to account for pipe inclination. From the holdup, a two-phase friction factor is calculated and the pressure gradient determined.
OLGAS employs mechanistic models for each of the four major flow regimes: stratified, annular, slug, and dispersed bubble flow. It is based in large part on data from the SINTEF multiphase flow laboratory in Norway.
DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. PROJ. BBS-SLT DIS. PPL
PIPELINE THERMOHYDRAULIC REPORT (STEADY-STATE) DOC. RP SEQ. 0014 S-SEQ. 0 REV A PAGE 11 OF 33
Table 3.0 BMA to CKR pipeline system properties for thermo-hydraulic analysis
PIPELINE SYSTEM PROPERTIES INPUT DATASHEET FOR STEADY STATE THERMO-HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS
in Su bm Se er gm ged en R t @ ise BM r A Su b Se m ct e r io ge n Zo d S ne po II ol @ Su BM bm Zo e A r ne ge d II Fr Pip om el i C BM ne KR A Su to bm Zo er ne ge IF dP ro ipe m li C BM ne KR A Su to bm Zo er ne ge IF dP ro ipe m li C BM ne KR A Su to bm Zo e ne reg II d P Fr ip om el i C BM ne KR A to Su Se bm ct e r io eg n Zo d S ne po II ol @ Su C bm KR er eg d R @ ise C rS KR e ct io n C KR To ps id e & Ai Ri r se ri n
ITEM No.
& Ai Ri r se r
La un ch er
at ch er
UNIT
To ps id e
Pi g
KR
BM
1 2 3.0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
SECTION DETAILS Approx. Length Of Section Ambient Temperature PIPE DIMENSIONS Outside Diameter Wall Thickness Inside Diameter Default Roughness Absolute Roughness Relative Roughness HEAT TRANSFER Carbon Steel Thermal Conductivity Air Density Air Viscosity Air Conductivity Wind Velocity Seawater Density Seawater Conductivity Seawater Velocity Seawater Heat Capacity Buried Fraction Soil Type Soil Conductivity PIPE COATINGS Clad Coating Type Clad Coating Thickness Clad Coating Conductivity Corrosion Coating Type Corrosion Coating Thickness Corrosion Coating Conductivity Weight Coating Type Weight Coating Thickness Weight Coating Conductivity
BM
M M
BMA to CKR PIPE PARAMETERS
Sl ug -C
EN TS
m DegC
18.0
5.22 18.0
58.09 28.0
55.70 24.0
500.00 24.0
24.0
15121.00 24.0
500.00 24.0
12.20 24.0
54.92 28.0
6.01 18.0
18.0
Total Distance =
16313.140
Inch mm mm mm mm -
660.4 13.5 633.4

DEFAULT
660.4 13.5 633.4

DEFAULT
660.4 13.5 633.4

DEFAULT
660.4 13.5 633.4

DEFAULT
660.4 13.5 633.4

DEFAULT
660.4 13.5 633.4

DEFAULT
660.4 13.5 633.4

DEFAULT
660.4 13.5 633.4

DEFAULT
660.4 13.5 633.4

DEFAULT
660.4 13.5 633.4

DEFAULT
660.4 13.5 633.4

DEFAULT
660.4 13.5 633.4

DEFAULT
0.04572 0.000072
0.04572 0.000072
0.04572 0.000072
0.04572 0.000072
0.04572 0.000072
0.04572 0.000072
0.04572 0.000072
0.04572 0.000072
0.04572 0.000072
0.04572 0.000072
0.04572 0.000072
0.04572 0.000072
W/mK kg/m3 cP W/mK m/s kg/m3 W/mK m/s kJ/kgK W/mK
45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -
45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 -
1025 0.562 0.47 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 -
45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -
45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -
W/mK mm W/mK mm W/mK
SS 316L 3 11.1
PPP
SS 316L 3 11.1
PPP
SS 316L 3 11.1
PPP
SS 316L 3 11.1
PPP
SS 316L 3 11.1
PPP
SS 316L 3 11.1
PPP
SS 316L 3 11.1
PPP
SS 316L 3 11.1
PPP
SS 316L 3 11.1
PPP
SS 316L 3 11.1
PPP
SS 316L 3 11.1
PPP
SS 316L 3 11.1
PPP
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC 90 2.1
3 0.22 CONC 70 2.1
3 0.22 CONC 70 2.1
3 0.22 CONC 90 2.1
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC -
Table 3.1 BLA to CKR pipeline system properties for thermo-hydraulic analysis
Su bm Se er gm ged en R t @ ise r BL A Su Se bm ct e r io ge n Zo d S ne po II ol @ Su BL bm A Zo er ne ge d II Fr Pip om el i C B ne KR L A to Su b Zo m ne er I F ged ro P m ip BL elin A e to C Su KR Zo bm ne er I F ged ro P m ip BL elin A e Su to bm C KR Zo er ne eg II d P Fr ip om el i C B ne KR L A to Su Se bm ct e r io eg n Zo d S ne po II ol @ Su C bm KR er eg d R @ ise C rS KR e ct io n C KR To ps id e & Ai Ri r se ri n
ITEM No.
& Ai Ri se r ri n
La un ch er
at ch er
UNIT
To ps id e
Pi g
BL A
KR
BL A
1 2 3.0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
SECTION DETAILS Approx. Length Of Section Ambient Temperature PIPE DIMENSIONS Outside Diameter Wall Thickness Inside Diameter Default Roughness Absolute Roughness Relative Roughness HEAT TRANSFER Carbon Steel Thermal Conductivity Air Density Air Viscosity Air Conductivity Wind Velocity Seawater Density Seawater Conductivity Seawater Velocity Seawater Heat Capacity Buried Fraction Soil Type Soil Conductivity PIPE COATINGS Clad Coating Type Clad Coating Thickness Clad Coating Conductivity Corrosion Coating Type Corrosion Coating Thickness Corrosion Coating Conductivity Weight Coating Type Weight Coating Thickness Weight Coating Conductivity
M M
BLA to CKR PIPE PARAMETERS
Sl ug -C
EN TS
m DegC
18.0
5.22 18.0
53.97 28.0
52.20 24.0
500.00 24.0
24.0
7736.00 24.0
500.00 24.0
71.20 24.0
54.92 28.0
6.01 18.0
18.0
Total Distance =
8979.520
Inch mm mm mm mm -
508 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -
45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 -
1025 0.562 0.47 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 -
45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -
45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -
W/mK mm W/mK mm W/mK
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC 70 2.1
3 0.22 CONC 50 2.1
3 0.22 CONC 50 2.1
3 0.22 CONC 70 2.1
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC -
3 0.22 CONC -
Table 3.2 SYA to CKR pipeline system properties for thermo-hydraulic analysis
n Su bm Se er gm ged en R t @ ise r SY A Su Se bm ct e r io ge n Zo d S ne po II ol @ Su SY bm A Zo er ne ge d II Fr Pip om el i C SY ne KR A to Su b Zo m ne er I F ged ro P m ip SY elin A e to Su C KR Zo bm ne er I F ged ro P m ip SY elin A e Su to bm C KR Zo er ne eg II d P Fr ip om el i C S ne KR YA to Su Se bm ct e r io eg n Zo d S ne po II ol @ Su C bm KR er eg d R @ ise C rS KR e ct io n C KR To ps id e & Ai Ri r se ri n
ITEM No.
To ps id e & Ai Ri se r ri
La un ch er
at ch er
UNIT
Pi g
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
SECTION DETAILS Approx. Length Of Section Ambient Temperature PIPE DIMENSIONS Outside Diameter Wall Thickness Inside Diameter Default Roughness Absolute Roughness Relative Roughness HEAT TRANSFER Carbon Steel Thermal Conductivity Air Density Air Viscosity Air Conductivity Wind Velocity Seawater Density Seawater Conductivity Seawater Velocity Seawater Heat Capacity Buried Fraction Soil Type Soil Conductivity PIPE COATINGS Clad Coating Type Clad Coating Thickness Clad Coating Conductivity Corrosion Coating Type Corrosion Coating Thickness Corrosion Coating Conductivity Weight Coating Type Weight Coating Thickness
SY A
C KR
SY A
C O
M M
SYA to CKR PIPE PARAMETERS
Sl ug -C
EN TS
m DegC
18.0
5.220 18.0
56.180 28.0
52.200 24.0
500.000 24.0
24.0
11867.000 24.0
500.000 24.0
12.200 24.0
54.920 28.0
6.013 18.0
18.0
Total Distance =
13053.733
Inch mm mm mm mm -
508.0 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508.0 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508.0 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508.0 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508.0 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508.0 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508.0 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508.0 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508.0 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508.0 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508.0 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
508.0 10.4 487.2

DEFAULT
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
0.04572 0.000094
45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -
45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
45.35
-
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 -
1025 0.562 0.47 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7
1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 -
45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -
45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -
W/mK mm W/mK mm
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
3.0 0.22 CONC -
3.0 0.22 CONC -
3.0 0.22 CONC -
3.0 0.22 CONC -
3.0 0.22 CONC 70
3.0 0.22 CONC 50
3.0 0.22 CONC 50
3.0 0.22 CONC 70
3.0 0.22 CONC -
3.0 0.22 CONC -
3.0 0.22 CONC -
3.0 0.22 CONC -
OLGAS 2000 can handle 2-phase and 3-phase flow. For instance, the elements involved can consist of water droplets, oil, gas, sand, wax, and hydrates.
OLGAS2000 predicts the pressure gradient, liquid holdup, and flow regime. It has been tested in one degree increments for all angles from horizontal to vertical. OLGAS2000 gives one of the best overall predictions of pressure drop and liquid holdup of any currently available method.
All methods account for static head losses, while Beggs and Brill and OLGAS methods account for hydrostatic recovery. Beggs and Brill calculate the hydrostatic recovery as a function of the flow parameters and pipe angle.
3.2
Production Details
3.2.1
Flow Rates The flow rates considered are for high and low landing pressures and are presented in Table 3.3 below. Table 3.3: Flow Rate Variables
Pipelines
26-inch BMA to CKR 20-inch BLA to CKR 20-inch SYA to CKR
Maximum Flow Rate HP Case (mmscfd) 550 120 300
Maximum Flow Rate LP Case (mmscfd) 300 120 300
3.2.2
Fluid Composition The fluid compositions for each pipeline are shown in Table 3.4 and 3.5 for high and low landing pressure.
Table 3.4: HP FLUID COMPOSITION FLUID COMPOSITION
Components
CO2 H2S (2) H2O Nitrogen Methane Ethane Propane i-Butane n-Butane i-Pentane n-Pentane Hexanes* Heptanes* Octanes* Nonanes* Decanes+* Total
Notes: 1.
BMA
0.1610 0.0000 0.0813 0.0111 0.6804 0.0367 0.0144 0.0039 0.0029 0.0013 0.0010 0.0014 0.0011 0.0014 0.0008 0.0013 1.0000
BLA (1)
0.3384 0.0000 0.0836 0.0134 0.4908 0.0370 0.0137 0.0026 0.0028 0.0012 0.0010 0.0020 0.0023 0.0034 0.0026 0.0051 1.0000
SYA
0.3388 0.0000 0.0834 0.0095 0.5240 0.0242 0.0100 0.0023 0.0021 0.0008 0.0006 0.0011 0.0007 0.0007 0.0005 0.0011 1.0000
BLB fluid data assumed for BLA data [Ref.28]
Table 3.5: LP FLUID COMPOSITION FLUID COMPOSITION Components

CO2 H2S (2) H2O Nitrogen Methane Ethane Propane i-Butane n-Butane i-Pentane n-Pentane Hexanes* Heptanes* Octanes* Nonanes* Decanes+* Total
Notes: 1. BLB fluid data assumed for BLA data [Ref.28]
BMA
0.1542 0.0000 0.1191 0.0106 0.6527 0.0352 0.0141 0.0035 0.0026 0.0009 0.0009 0.0018 0.0009 0.0018 0.0009 0.0009 1.0000
BLA (1)
0.3240 0.0000 0.1210 0.0132 0.4707 0.0351 0.0132 0.0026 0.0026 0.0009 0.0009 0.0018 0.0026 0.0035 0.0026 0.0053 1.0000
SYA
0.3249 0.0000 0.1209 0.0088 0.5023 0.0228 0.0097 0.0026 0.0018 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 1.000
3.2.3
Pressure and Temperatures The fluid will enter the pipeline with the assumed maximum and minimum temperatures shown in Table 3.6. The maximum and minimum fluid arrival pressure at the CKR topside facilities is shown in Table 3.7, for BMA, BLA and SYA pipeline.
Table 3.6: Inlet Temperatures
PARAMETER Maximum Operating Temperature Maximum Design Temperature Minimum Design Temperature
BMA to CKR 26-inch 121 C 121 C 0 C
BLA to CKR 20-inch 121 C 121 C 0 C
SYA to CKR 20-inch 121 C 121 C 0 C
Table 3.7: Landing Pressure Parameter Minimum Maximum Landing Pressure (Barg) 18.3 51
3.2.4
Seabed Profile
The pipeline route profile used in the steady state analysis for each pipeline is displayed in Appendix B of this document
3.3
Environment Conditions
3.3.1
Seabed Temperatures
The seabed temperatures vary during the seasons of the year, the minimum, mean and maximum temperatures are shown in Table 3.8.
Table 3.8: Seabed Temperatures All Year Data Minimum Mean Maximum
Note: 1. Minimum Seabed temperature is specified by Client
Seabed Temperatures (C) 24 26 28
3.3.2
Air Temperatures The air temperatures offshore vary during the seasons of the year; the minimum, mean and maximum temperatures are shown in Table 3-9
Table 3.9: Air Temperatures All Year Data Minimum Mean Maximum Air Temperatures (C) 18 28 38
3.3.3
Seawater Current The seawater current based on a 100-year return period at the seabed is 0.58 m/s.
3.3.4
Burial The Hydraulic analysis by Pipesys process simulation is carried out based on 0% and 50% burial case.
4.0
THERMOHYDRAULIC ASSUMPTIONS In the absence of available or actual data the following information has been used to perform the thermohydraulic analysis:
Overall 3LPP Thermal Conductivity k = 0.22 w/mK Soil Thermal Conductivity k = 1.7 w/mK Concrete coating Thermal Conductivity k = 2.1 w/mK Seabed profile accuracy to be sufficient
Also it is assumed that pressure loss through fitting such as the flanges of valves between the pig traps are considered negligent.
5.0
THERMOHYDRAULIC RESULTS
5.1
HYDRAULIC RESULTS The thermo-hydraulic analysis is based on four scenarios for each pipeline, which are as follows:
1. Maximum and minimum Landing Pressure 2. Maximum and minimum Ambient Temperatures 3. Variable Flow Rate associated with landing pressure 4. Buried and Unburied cases
5.1.1
BMA to CKR Results
Table 5.0: BMA to CKR (Min Ambient Temperature)
Item No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
PARAMETER
Production Flow Rate Max. Landing Pressure Inlet Temperature Inlet Pressure Arrival Temperature Exit Flow Velocity Liquid Hold Up Pressure Drop Temperature Drop Outlet Hydrate Formation Temperature Outlet Hydrate Formation Pressure Predominant Flow Pattern File Name
UNIT
MMSCFD bar DegC bar DegC m/s m3 bar DegC DegC bar -
UNBURIED CASE
550 51 121 59.24 46.48 10.2 236.3 8.24 74.52 13.125 Elongated Bubble BMA-MIN-26 300 18.3 121 25.33 44.53 15.9 148.3 7.03 76.47 5.3499 Wavy to Elongated Bubble BMA-MIN-26
HALF BURIED CASE

550 51 121 59.51 60.44 10.9 217.1 8.51 60.56 13.125 Elongated Bubble BMA-MIN-26 300 18.3 121 25.04 31.97 15.2 164.3 6.74 89.03 5.3499 Wavy to Elongated Bubble BMA-MIN-26
Table 5.0: BMA to CKR (Max Ambient Temperature)
Item No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
PARAMETER
UNIT
UNBURIED CASE
550 51 121 59.29 49.84 10.3 232.3 8.29 71.16 13.125 Elongated Bubble BMA-MAX-26 300 18.3 121 25.1 36.1 15.4 161 6.8 84.9 5.3499 Wavy to Elongated Bubble BMA-MAX-26
HALF BURIED CASE

550 51 121 59.55 63.18 11 214.3 8.55 57.82 13.125 Elongated Bubble BMA-MAX-26 300 18.3 121 25.38 48.31 16.2 145.4 7.08 72.69 5.3499 Wavy to Elongated Bubble BMA-MAX-26
Note: Refer Appendix A1 for sample output result for unburied case at highest production rate
5.1.2
BLA to CKR Results
Table 5.0: BLA to CKR (Min Ambient Temperature)
Item No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
PARAMETER
UNIT
UNBURIED CASE
120 51 121 52.56 26.28 3.18 145.4 1.56 94.72 12.8713 451.3385 Elongated Bubble BLA-MIN-20 120 18.3 121 21.63 27.3 9.79 70.4 3.33 93.7 3.9925 452.9079 Wavy to Elongated Bubble BLA-MIN-20
HALF BURIED CASE

120 51 121 52.6 29.41 3.25 134.2 1.6 91.59 12.8713 Elongated Bubble BLA-MIN-20 120 18.3 121 21.76 32.26 10 63.2 3.46 88.74 3.9925 Wavy to Elongated Bubble BLA-MIN-20
Table 5.0: BLA to CKR (Max Ambient Temperature)
Item No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
PARAMETER
UNIT
UNBURIED CASE
120 51 121 52.58 31.96 3.3 133.8 1.58 89.04 12.8713 Elongated Bubble BLA-MAX-20 120 18.3 121 21.76 34.75 10.11 63.1 3.46 86.25 3.9925 Wavy to Elongated Bubble BLA-MAX-20
HALF BURIED CASE

120 51 121 52.31 35.72 3.37 123.7 1.31 85.28 12.8713 Elongated Bubble BLA-MAX-20 120 18.3 121 21.86 40.74 10.37 56.7 3.56 80.26 3.9925 Wavy to Elongated Bubble BLA-MAX-20
5.1.3
SYA to CKR Results
Table 5.0: SYA to CKR (Min Ambient Temperature)
Item No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
PARAMETER
UNIT
UNBURIED CASE
300 51 121 59.88 50.37 9.372 108.7 8.88 70.63 12.6186 Elongated Bubble SYA-MIN-20 300 18.3 121 37.86 37.84 25.54 82.8 19.56 83.16 3.9925 Wavy SYA-MIN-20
HALF BURIED CASE

300 51 121 60.16 63.24 9.968 102.6 9.16 57.76 12.6186 Elongated Bubble SYA-MIN-20 300 18.3 121 38.48 51.23 27.022 75.3 20.18 69.77 3.9925 Wavy SYA-MIN-20
Table 5.0: SYA to CKR (Max Ambient Temperature)
Item No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
PARAMETER
UNIT
UNBURIED CASE
300 51 121 59.93 52.73 9.5 107.5 8.93 68.27 12.6186 Elongated Bubble SYA-MAX-20 300 18.3 121 38.15 53.46 27.75 56 19.85 67.54 3.9925 Wavy SYA-MAX-20
HALF BURIED CASE

300 51 121 60.16 63.24 10 102.6 9.16 57.76 12.6186 Elongated Bubble SYA-MAX-20 300 18.3 121 38.56 63.55 28.92 53.7 20.26 57.45 3.9925 FALSE Wavy SYA-MAX-20
6.0
DISSCUSSION This section will discuss the results attained for the Thermo-hydraulic analysis performed within this document. Also a brief discussion on operational parameters will be presented for the Transient analysis.
6.1
THERMO-HYDRAULIC EVALUATION
26 BMA to CKR Flowline
1. Largest liquid hold-up is associated with maximum production rate where the pipeline is unburied at minimum ambient temperatures. 2. Highest pressure drop associated with maximum production and at highest outlet temperature (i.e. max at flowing temperature). 3. Maximum flowing temperature associated is with maximum production and maximum ambient temperature. 4. At maximum production the flow regime is elongated bubble. At minimum production the flow regime transits from wavy to elongated bubble approximately 2km from BMA. 5. The fluid velocity is stable throughout the pipeline, where the effective C-value is below 100 for all cases. 6. Based on the thermodynamics at the outlet stream, Hydrates will not form
20 BLA to CKR Flowline
1. Largest liquid hold-up associated with minimum flowing temperatures 2. Highest pressure drop associated with maximum flowing temperatures. 3. Maximum flowing temperature associated with half buried and maximum ambient temperature at low pressure. 4. At high flowing pressure the flow regime is elongated bubble. At low flowing pressure the flow regime transit from wavy to elongated bubble approximately 500m from BLA at minimum ambient temperature and 600m from BLA at maximum ambient temperature. 5. The fluid velocity is stable throughout the pipeline, where the effective C-value is below 100 for all cases. 6. Based on the thermodynamics at the outlet stream, Hydrates will not form
20 SYA to CKR Flowline
1. Largest liquid hold-up associated with minimum flowing temperatures 2. Highest pressure drop associated with maximum flowing temperatures. 3. Maximum flowing temperature associated with half buried and maximum ambient temperature at low pressure. 4. At high pressure the flow regime is elongated bubble. At low flowing pressure, flow regime is wavy. 5. At high landing pressures, the fluid velocity is stable throughout the pipeline, where the effective C-value is below 100. However for low landing pressures the pressure drop is considerably greater which progressively increases the fluid velocity in the pipeline where the maximum effective C-Value is approximately 200. In accordance with API RP 14E, this is acceptable where it is stated that where corrosion resistant alloys are employed, values of C = 150 to 200. 6. Based on the thermodynamics at the outlet stream, Hydrates will not form
6.2
OPERATIONAL ISSUES The transient simulations will be performed for this project under different operating modes to determine:
The pressure profiles along the line. The temperature profiles along the line. The liquid inventory in the line which would impact the downstream liquid handling capability during transient operations. The potential for slugging (unstable flow). The limitations to production restart rates. The limitations to production ramp-up rates. The consequences of pigging.
The proceeding sub-section will summaries different scenarios to be considered for the transient analysis.
6.2.1
Pipeline Start-Up and Shut-In At initial start-up of each pipeline, it is envisaged that the pipeline will be filled with the well fluid, until operational pressure is achieved. The analysis related to this operation shall be performed in the transient analysis. From the 100% design flow, the flowline will be shutdown. This will be done by shutting down the feed into the pipeline and the outlet valve. The shutdown simulation will be performed to establish the initial condition for the restart-up simulation. From the shutdown condition, the pipeline will be restarted up to 100% design flow by starting the feed at the inlet and opening the valve at the outlet.
From the shut-in conditions established above the depressurization of the line will be based on the Maximum Vent System Flow Rate.
6.2.2
Operating Pressure and Flow Fluctuations It is envisaged that well head chokes will be set to control the gas inflow into the main line. Pipeline inlet pressure will be set by controlling wellhead pressure.There will be fluctuations between the well flow rates into the pipeline, which will affect pressure conditions in the line. Most of these fluctuations will be accommodated through changes to inlet pressure, line pack and flaring. A transient analysis would be required to determine the effects these operational changes will have on the production and pressure changes in the pipeline.
6.2.3
Pipeline Blowdown and Line Packing It is envisaged that pipeline blowdown and flaring will be controlled at B11. In the event of a sudden decrease in B11 demand, excess gas may be flared for a short period of time until the main pressure control valve on the pipeline adjusts the incoming gas rate. Following an unplanned shutdown the pipeline has a period of time, known as Survival Time before hydrate formation occurs. Once the survival time has elapsed or prior to, pipeline blowdown to a pressure below the hydrate formation pressure at ambient temperature must be achieved. A transient analysis would be required to determine the behavior of the unplanned shutdown to ensure pipeline plugging does not occur.
6.2.4
Controlled Flow Rate Changes
An increase in flow rate will result in excess liquid in the line being evacuated while conditions again reach steady state. Transient analysis is required to evaluate the total amount of liquid produced into the slug catcher during the operational life of the pipeline and in turn evaluate the slug sizes produced under various conditions. Based on this the slug catcher can be adequately sized and slug forces around bends can be evaluated and for the mechanical design of the risers and spools. Turndown scenarios shall be considered from the 100% design flow which shall be turned down incrementally until the liquid inventory is constant. Ramp-up scenarios from the lowest turndown rate e.g. 5% flow at steady state; the flow will be ramped up to 100% design flow.
6.2.5
Miscellaneous Operational Activities Pipeline pigging will be simulated for the case with the highest liquid inventory in the pipeline, as found in the turndown cases. Sweeping involves increasing the velocity in the line to reduce the liquid inventory prior to shutdown or pigging operations.
7.0
REFERENCES
1. Design Basis Basis of Design for Subsea Pipelines 2. Fluid Flow for Chemical Engineers F. A. Holland & R. Bragg, 2nd Edition
DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. PROJ. BBS-SLT
PIPELINE CATHODIC PROTECTION DESIGN REPORT DIS. PPL DOC. RP SEQ. 0014 S-SEQ. 0 REV A PAGE 29 OF 33
APPENDIX A: SAMPLE OUTPUT RESULTS
APPENDIX A1: BMA-CKR (HIGH PRESSURE-UNBURIED-MAX AMBIENT)
APPENDIX A2: BLA-CKR (HIGH PRESSURE-UNBURIED-MAX AMBIENT)
APPENDIX A3: SYA-CKR (HIGH PRESSURE-UNBURIED-MAX AMBIENT)
APPENDIX B: ELEVATION PROFILE

BBS SLT PLL RP 0002 0 RevA - Pipeline Hydraulic

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BBS SLT PLL RP 0002 0 RevA - Pipeline Hydraulic

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CARIGALI-HESS OPERATION COPMANY

PROJECT TITLE PROJECT NUMBER CLIENT CONTRACTOR

PIPELINE THERMOHYDRAULIC REPORT (STEADY STATE)

26/12/06 29/11/06 DATE

ISSUED FOR IFC ISSUED FOR IDC DESCRIPTION

MB MB APPROVED APPROVED CLIENT DATE

DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO.

Description and Affected Sections

DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO.

DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. 1.0 INTRODUCTION

DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO.

Abbreviations and Definitions

DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. 2.0

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. 2.2 Conclusions

DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. 3.0 DESIGN DATA

System Geometry & Components

DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO.

Fig 3.0: Beggs & Brill Flow Regimes

DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. PROJ. BBS-SLT DIS. PPL

BMA to CKR PIPE PARAMETERS

660.4 13.5 633.4

660.4 13.5 633.4

660.4 13.5 633.4

660.4 13.5 633.4

660.4 13.5 633.4

660.4 13.5 633.4

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660.4 13.5 633.4

W/mK kg/m3 cP W/mK m/s kg/m3 W/mK m/s kJ/kgK W/mK

45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -

45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -

1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 -

1025 0.562 0.47 4.187 0.5 1.7

1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7

1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7

1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7

1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7

1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 0.5 1.7

1025 0.59 8.3 4.187 -

45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -

45.35 1.217 0.018 0.026 2.134 1025 -

W/mK mm W/mK mm W/mK

3 0.22 CONC 90 2.1

3 0.22 CONC 70 2.1

3 0.22 CONC 70 2.1

3 0.22 CONC 90 2.1

DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NO. PROJ. BBS-SLT DIS. PPL

BLA to CKR PIPE PARAMETERS

508 10.4 487.2

508 10.4 487.2

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