Atn zgr Ahmet Uur Birinci

12.12.2013

ME 482 ASSIGNMENT 8

INTRODUCTION

The main aim of the assignment is to investigate a uniformly loaded and simply supported beam. The beam is made of steel, it is 0.5m in length and the cross section is 50 mm deep by 10 mm wide. The uniform load is a pressure of 2 N/mm2. The main objectives are; to find out the effects of type of supports, namely pin-pin, pin-roller, to study the effect of placement of supports, namely neutral axis, bottom fibers and to compare structural and continuum elements.

ANALYSIS OF THE MODEL

Preliminary Analysis (Beam Theory):

Finite Element Analysis The material is steel with 210 MPa Youngs modulus and 0.3 Poissons ratio. For the pin supports, pinned boundary condition is applied; for the roller supports, displacement boundary condition in y-direction is applied. For continuum elements, 75 elements gave out 0.733 mm deflection, 250 elements gave out 0.776 mm deflection. The mesh was considered to be converged at 250 elements. For beam elements, 25 elements gave out 0.743 mm deflection, 50 elements gave out 0.744 mm deflection. The mesh was considered to be converged at 50 elements. Maximum bending stress, maximum deflection and the reaction at supports were investigated for CPS8R, B23 and B22 elements. The cases where pin-roller and pin-pin supports are applied at neutral axis and at the bottom were considered. The reaction force was scaled by multiplying by 10 to account for the 2D modeling of the beam. The results were compared with beam theory solutions.

Deflection for 75 elements

Deflection for 250 elements

Stress for CPS8R pin-pin supports at neutral axis

Stress for B23 pin-pin supports at the bottom

Stress for B23 pin-roller supports at the bottom

Table.1 Maximum Stress, Maximum Deflection and Reaction Force Values RF (N) Beam Theory 150 0.744 Pin-Roller CPS8R n.a 150 0,763 B23 n.a 150 0,744 B22 n.a 150 0,763 CPS8R Bottom 150 0,776 B23 Bottom 150 0,744 B22 Bottom 150 0,763 Pin-Pin CPS8R n.a 150 0,763 B23 n.a 150 0,744 B22 n.a 150 0,763 CPS8R Bottom 99 0,372 B23 Bottom 50 0,298 B22 Bottom 50 0,316 * The reaction forces in x and y-direction respectively. 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000, 10750* 5000, 12500* 5000, 12500*

Table.2 Shear Stress Effect Pin-Roller Neutral Axis CPS8R 10 5 2 1 10 5 2 1 10 5 2 1 1 1,008 0,94 0,92 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,02 1,13 5,45 47,1 1 1 1,2 1 1,02 1,11 1,94 3,55

B23

B22

CONCLUSIONS Pin-pin supporting can give the same results as pin-roller supporting if the pins are applied at the neutral axis. If the pins are applied at the bottom, stress concentration occurs at the pins, this results in less stress at the outer fibers. All the cases except for the pin-pin support at the bottom give out the same maximum bending stress with the beam theory. Maximum deflections are also accurate considering the beam theory solution to be true. For L/h = 10 and L/h = 5, all three elements give results consistent with the beam theory. For L/h < 5, beam theory fails to function. Beam elements give close results to the beam theory but the continuum elements give very different results for the maximum deflection. It is better to use continuum elements for L/h < 5.