Based on the MSc thesis works of my former MSc students, Mr Binod Shrestha entitled A Fast Method for Out-of-Step

Protection Using State Plane Trajectories Analysis, December 2011, and Mr. Parikshit Sharma entitled Fast Methods for Transient Stability Prediction in Large Power Systems and Wind Integrated Power Systems, February 2013.

University of Saskatchewan RTDS

Power System Protection & Control. Transient Stability Prediction, Voltage Stability

Prediction.

Number of PhD Students: 3. Number of MSc students: 7.

Website:

http://www.ece.usask.ca/eceresearch/faculty/rag404/

25

Contents
Introduction State Deviation Method Experimental Results Using HIL With RTDS l Conclusions

Introduction
Normal operating condition
EA 1 Pe1 EB 2 Voltage and frequency are within limits.

Pe2

Figure 1 : Interconnected power system representation

Transmission Line Load Breaker

Disturbances
Faults, loss of major transmission lines etc.

Generator Transformer Sub-Station

Unstable Stable

377.0

377.0

Speed of the generator

Effects of Power Swing

Kestrel Power ISOCH Record (2003 black out)

Blinder Effects of based Power Technique Swing

Transient Stability Prediction Impedance changes at different rates during faults and power Kestrel Power ISOCH Record swings Distance Relays Prone to mal operation

Inner Blinder

l
t

Outer Blinder

Disadvantages

Fault

Requires number of offline stability studies Stable swing Needs update of settings Slower Detection Time

Unstable swing

Load region

Prone to mal-operation.
Two Blinder Scheme 3

Other methods

Swing center voltage (SCV)

Extended equal area criteria

R-R dot scheme
l Intelligent systems based methods

Frequency deviation of voltage method

Voltage rating of breakers

During short circuit breaking: Voltage across the breaker = 1.3 or 1.5 times Vpeak During loss of synchronism: Voltage across the breaker = 2 or 2.5 times Vpeak
Vs l
VB Vs VB

Vs

Vs VB Vs VB Vs VB VR

VB

Vs
VB
Phasor representation of voltage during power swing

All the breakers are designed for either 2 or 2.5 times the rated voltage
5

State Deviation Technique

Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB)

l Equilibrium points

Proposed State Deviation Method (contd.)

Case-I : Stable Swing

Case-II : Unstable Swing

10

State Deviation Method (contd.)

System-wide transient stability prediction

Transient Stability Prediction Procedure

11

Experimental Testing
Real Time Digital Simulations (RTDSTM) Real time simulations (@ 50 s)

AD 1836 96 kHz audio codec with input & output RCA jacks were used.

Demodulated signals consist of 48000 samples/sec. Power/speed deviation signals @0.2-10 Hz. Downsampled by 240 times (ie 200 samples/second).

Experimental Set-up
16

Hardware-in-the Loop (HIL) Testing (contd.)

Test system (IEEE 39-bus test system)
Represents New England Power System and interconnection with rest of the US and Canada

US and Canada Interconnection equivalent

Three phase fault applied at bus 15

IEEE 39-bus test system 18

State Deviation Method (Hardware Implementation)

Stable Power Swing (fault at bus 15 for the duration of 100 ms)

14

State Deviation Method (Hardware Implementation)

Unstable Power Swing (fault at bus 15 for the duration of 120 ms)

Line Angle Diff.

1-2 76.8o

8-9 68.8o
15 19

State Deviation Method (Hardware Implementation)

Test system (IEEE 39-bus test system)
Represents New England Power System and interconnection with rest of the US and Canada

US and Canada Interconnection equivalent

Three phase fault applied at bus 26

IEEE 39-bus test system 18

State Deviation Method (Hardware Implementation)

Stable Power Swing (fault at bus 26 for the duration of 140 ms)

17 19

State Deviation Method (Hardware Implementation)

Unstable Power Swing (fault at bus 26 for the duration of 160 ms)

Line Angle Diff.

1-2 74.87o

8-9 74.39o
18 19

Summary of Simulation Results

19 19

Conclusions
Methods could be applied for Out-of-Step Protection of Generators as well as System-Wide Transient Stability

Prediction.
Faster than existing methods.
l Time on DSP < 21s. State Deviation Calculation

(observed from real time testing).

Method could successfully predict multi-swing instability.

25