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Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants

22

Table 10-3
Characteristics of Tubing
Tube
O.D.
Inches
1

/4

/8

/2

/8

/4

/8

11/4

11/2

B.W.G.
Gage

Thickness
In.

Internal
Area In2

Ft2
External
Surface
Per Ft
Length

22
24
26
27
18
20
22
24
16
18
20
22
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
10
11
12
13
14.
15
16
17
18
20
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
20
10
12
14
16
11
12
13
14

0.028
0.022
0.018
0.016
0.049
0.035
0.028
0.022
0.065
0.049
0.035
0.028
0.109
0.095
0.083
0.072
0.065
0.058
0.049
0.042
0.035
0.134
0.120
0.109
0.095
0.083
0.072
0.065
0.058
0.049
0.035
0.134
0.120
0.109
0.095
0.083
0.072
0.065
0.058
0.049
0.035
0.165
0.134
0.120
0.109
0.095
0.083
0.072
0.065
0.049
0.035
0.180
0.165
0.134
0.120
0.109
0.095
0.083
0.065
0.049
0.035
0.134
0.109
0.083
0.065
0.120
0.109
0.095
0.083

0.0296
0.0333
0.0360
0.0373
0.0603
0.0731
0.0799
0.0860
0.1075
0.1269
0.1452
0.1548
0.1301
0.1486
0.1655
0.1817
0.1924
0.2035
0.2181
0.2299
0.2419
0.1825
0.2043
0.2223
0.2463
0.2679
0.2884
0.3019
0.3157
0.3339
0.3632
0.2894
0.3167
0.3390
0.3685
0.3948
0.4197
0.4359
0.4525
0.4742
0.5090
0.3526
0.4208
0.4536
0.4803
0.5153
0.5463
0.5755
0.5945
0.6390
0.6793
0.6221
0.6648
0.7574
0.8012
0.8365
0.8825
0.9229
0.9852
1.0423
1.0936
1.1921
1.2908
1.3977
1.4741
2.4328
2.4941
2.5730
2.6417

0.0654
0.0654
0.0654
0.0654
0.0982
0.0982
0.0982
0.0982
0.1309
0.1309
0.1309
0.1309
0.1636
0.1636
0.1636
0.1636
0.1636
0.1636
0.1636
0.1636
0.1636
0.1963
0.1963
0.1963
0.1963
0.1963
0.1963
0.1963
0.1963
0.1963
0.1963
0.2291
0.2291
0.2291
0.2291
0.2291
0.2291
0.2291
0.2291
0.2291
0.2291
0.2618
0.2618
0.2618
0.2618
0.2618
0.2618
0.2618
0.2618
0.2618
0.2618
0.3272
0.3272
0.3272
0.3272
0.3272
0.3272
0.3272
0.3272
0.3272
0.3272
0.3927
0.3927
0.3927
0.3927
0.5236
0.5236
0.5236
0.5236

Ft2
Internal
Surface
Per Ft
Length

Weight
Per Ft
Length
Steel Lb*

Tube
I.D.
In.

Moment
of
Inertia
In.4

Section
Modulus
In.3

Radius
of
Gyration
In.

Constant
C**

O.D.
I.D.

Transverse
Metal
Area In.2

0.0508
0.0539
0.0560
0.0571
0.0725
0.0798
0.0835
0.0867
0.0969
0.1052
0.1126
0.1162
0.1066
0.1139
0.1202
0.1259
0.1296
0.1333
0.1380
0.1416
0.1453
0.1262
0.1335
0.1393
0.1466
0.1529
0.1587
0.1623
0.1660
0.1707
0.1780
0.1589
0.1662
0.1720
0.1793
0.1856
0.1914
0.1950
0.1987
0.2034
0.2107
0.1754
0.1916
0.1990
0.2047
0.2121
0.2183
0.2241
0.2278
0.2361
0.2435
0.2330
0.2409
0.2571
0.2644
0.2702
0.2775
0.2838
0.2932
0.3016
0.3089
0.3225
0.3356
0.3492
0.3587
0.4608
0.4665
0.4739
0.4801

0.066
0.054
0.045
0.040
0.171
0.127
0.104
0.083
0.302
0.236
0.174
0.141
0.601
0.538
0.481
0.426
0.389
0.352
0.302
0.262
0.221
0.833
0.808
0.747
0.665
0.592
0.522
0.476
0.429
0.367
0.268
1.062
0.969
0.893
0.792
0.703
0.618
0.563
0.507
0.433
0.314
1.473
1.241
1.129
1.038
0.919
0.814
0.714
0.650
0.498
0.361
2.059
1.914
1.599
1.450
1.330
1.173
1.036
0.824
0.629
0.455
1.957
1.621
1.257
0.997
2.412
2.204
1.935
1.701

0.194
0.206
0.214
0.218
0.277
0.305
0.319
0.331
0.370
0.402
0.430
0.444
0.407
0.435
0.459
0.481
0.495
0.509
0.527
0.541
0.555
0.482
0.510
0.532
0.560
0.584
0.606
0.620
0.634
0.652
0.680
0.607
0.635
0.657
0.685
0.709
0.731
0.745
0.759
0.777
0.805
0.670
0.732
0.760
0.782
0.810
0.834
0.856
0.870
0.902
0.930
0.890
0.920
0.982
1.010
1.032
1.060
1.084
1.120
1.152
1.180
1.232
1.282
1.334
1.370
1.760
1.782
1.810
1.834

0.00012
0.00010
0.00009
0.00008
0.00068
0.00055
0.00046
0.00038
0.0021
0.0018
0.0014
0.0012
0.0061
0.0057
0.0053
0.0049
0.0045
0.0042
0.0037
0.0033
0.0028
0.0129
0.0122
0.0116
0.0107
0.0098
0.0089
0.0083
0.0076
0.0067
0.0050
0.0221
0.0208
0.0196
0.0180
0.0164
0.0148
0.0137
0.0125
0.0109
0.0082
0.0392
0.0350
0.0327
0.0307
0.0280
0.0253
0.0227
0.0210
0.0166
0.0124
0.0890
0.0847
0.0742
0.0688
0.0642
0.0579
0.0521
0.0426
0.0334
0.0247
0.1354
0.1159
0.0931
0.0756
0.3144
0.2904
0.2586
0.2300

0.00098
0.00083
0.00071
0.00065
0.0036
0.0029
0.0025
0.0020
0.0086
0.0071
0.0056
0.0046
0.0197
0.0183
0.0170
0.0156
0.0145
0.0134
0.0119
0.0105
0.0091
0.0344
0.0326
0.0309
0.0285
0.0262
0.0238
0.0221
0.0203
0.0178
0.0134
0.0505
0.0475
0.0449
0.0411
0.0374
0.0337
0.0312
0.0285
0.0249
0.0187
0.0784
0.0700
0.0654
0.0615
0.0559
0.0507
0.0455
0.0419
0.0332
0.0247
0.1425
0.1355
0.1187
0.1100
0.1027
0.0926
0.0833
0.0682
0.0534
0.0395
0.1806
0.1545
0.1241
0.1008
0.3144
0.2904
0.2586
0.2300

0.0791
0.0810
0.0823
0.0829
0.1166
0.1208
0.1231
0.1250
0.1555
0.1604
0.1649
0.1672
0.1865
0.1904
0.1939
0.1972
0.1993
0.2015
0.2044
0.2067
0.2090
0.2229
0.2267
0.2299
0.2340
0.2376
0.2411
0.2433
0.2455
0.2484
0.2531
0.2662
0.2703
0.2736
0.2778
0.2815
0.2850
0.2873
0.2896
0.2925
0.2972
0.3009
0.3098
0.3140
0.3174
0.3217
0.3255
0.3291
0.3314
0.3367
0.3414
0.3836
0.3880
0.3974
0.4018
0.4052
0.4097
0.4136
0.4196
0.4250
0.4297
0.4853
0.4933
0.5018
0.5079
0.6660
0.6697
0.6744
0.6784

46
52
56
58
94
114
125
134
168
198
227
241
203
232
258
283
300
317
340
359
377
285
319
347
384
418
450
471
492
521
567
451
494
529
575
616
655
680
706
740
794
550
656
708
749
804
852
898
927
997
1060
970
1037
1182
1250
1305
1377
1440
1537
1626
1706
1860
2014
2180
2300
3795
3891
4014
4121

1.289
1.214
1.168
1.147
1.354
1.230
1.176
1.133
1.351
1.244
1.163
1.126
1.536
1.437
1.362
1.299
1.263
1.228
1.186
1.155
1.126
1.556
1.471
1.410
1.339
1.284
1.238
1.210
1.183
1.150
1.103
1.442
1.378
1.332
1.277
1.234
1.197
1.174
1.153
1.126
1.087
1.493
1.366
1.316
1.279
1.235
1.199
1.168
1.149
1.109
1.075
1.404
1.359
1.273
1.238
1.211
1.179
1.153
1.116
1.085
1.059
1.218
1.170
1.124
1.095
1.136
1.122
1.105
1.091

0.0195
0.0158
0.0131
0.0118
0.0502
0.0374
0.0305
0.0244
0.0888
0.0694
0.0511
0.0415
0.177
0.158
0.141
0.125
0.114
0.103
0.089
0.077
0.065
0.259
0.238
0.219
0.195
0.174
0.153
0.140
0.126
0.108
0.079
0.312
0.285
0.262
0.233
0.207
0.182
0.165
0.149
0.127
0.092
0.433
0.365
0.332
0.305
0.270
0.239
0.210
0.191
0.146
0.106
0.605
0.562
0.470
0.426
0.391
0.345
0.304
0.242
0.185
0.134
0.575
0.476
0.369
0.293
0.709
0.648
0.569
0.500

*Weights are based on low carbon steel with a density of 0.2836 lb/in.3 For other metals multiply by the following factors:
Aluminum
0.35
A.I.S.I. 300 Series S/Steels
1.02
Titanium
0.58
Aluminum Bronze
1.04
A.I.S.I. 400 Series S/Steels 0.99
Aluminum Brass
1.06
lb per tube hour
**Liquid Velocity 5
in. ft per sec (sp. gr. of water at 60F 5 1.0)
C 3 sp. gr. of liquid

Nickel-Chrome-Iron
Admiralty
Nickel

1.07
1.09
1.13

Nickel-Copper
Copper and Cupro-Nickels

1.12
1.14

Used by permission: Standards of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, 7th Ed., Table D-7, 1988. Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Heat Transfer

23

Table 10-4
Thermal Conductivity of Metals
Btu/hr ft F
Temp. F

70

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

30.0

29.9

29.2

28.4

27.6

26.6

25.6

24.6

23.5

22.5

21.4

20.2

19.0

17.6

16.2

15.6

24.8

25.0

25.2

25.1

24.8

24.3

23.7

23.0

22.2

21.4

20.4

19.5

18.4

16.7

15.3

15.0

21.3
20.9
16.9

21.5
21.0
17.3

21.9
21.3
18.1

22.0
21.5
18.7

21.9
21.5
19.1

21.7
21.4
19.2

21.3
21.1
19.2

20.8
20.7
19.0

20.2
20.2
18.7

19.7
19.7
18.4

19.1
19.1
18.0

18.5
18.5
17.6

17.7
18.0
17.1

16.5
17.2
16.6

15.0
15.6
16.0

14.8
15.3
15.8

7 Cr1/2 Mo
9 Cr-1 Mo
3-1/2 Nickel
13 Cr
15 Cr

14.1
12.8
22.9
15.2
14.2

14.4
13.1
23.2
15.3
14.2

15.3
14.0
23.8
15.5
14.4

16.0
14.7
24.1
15.6
14.5

16.5
15.2
23.9
15.8
14.6

16.9
15.6
23.4
15.8
14.7

17.1
15.9
22.9
15.9
14.7

17.2
16.0
22.3
15.9
14.8

17.3
16.1
21.6
15.9
14.8

17.2
16.1
20.9
15.9
14.8

17.1
16.1
20.1
15.8
14.8

16.8
16.0
19.2
15.6
14.8

16.6
15.8
18.2
15.3
14.8

16.2
15.6
16.9
15.1
14.8

15.6
15.2
15.5
15.0
14.8

15.5
15.0
15.3
15.0
14.8

17 Cr
TP 304
Stn. Stl.
TP 316 &
317 Stn. Stl.
TP 321 &
347 Stn. Stl.
TP 310
Stn. Stl.

12.6
8.6

12.7
8.7

12.8
9.3

13.0
9.8

13.1
10.4

13.2
10.9

13.3
11.3

13.4
11.8

13.5
12.2

13.6
12.7

13.7
13.2

13.8
13.6

13.9
14.0

14.1
14.5

14.3
14.9

14.5
15.3

7.7

7.9

8.4

9.0

9.5

10.0

10.5

11.0

11.5

12.0

12.4

12.9

13.3

13.8

14.2

14.6

8.1

8.4

8.8

9.4

9.9

10.4

10.9

11.4

11.9

12.3

12.8

13.3

13.7

14.1

14.6

15.0

7.3

7.5

8.0

8.6

9.1

9.6

10.1

10.6

11.1

11.6

12.1

12.6

13.1

13.6

14.1

14.5

12.6

12.9

38.8
13.9

37.2
15.0

35.4
16.1

34.1
17.0

32.5
17.9

31.8
18.9

32.5
19.8

33.1
20.9

33.8
22.0

8.6

8.7

9.1

9.6

10.1

10.6

11.1

11.6

12.1

12.6

13.2

13.8

14.3

14.9

15.5

16.0

6.7

6.8

7.4

8.0

8.6

9.1

9.6

10.1

10.6

11.1

11.6

12.1

12.7

13.2

13.8

14.5

7.1

7.6

8.1

8.6

9.1

9.6

10.0

10.4

10.9

11.4

11.8

12.4

12.9

13.6

6.1

6.4

6.7

7.0

7.4

7.7

8.2

8.7

9.3

10.0

10.7

5.9

6.4

7.0

7.5

8.1

8.7

9.2

9.8

10.4

11.0

11.5

102.3

102.8

104.2

105.2

106.1

96.1

96.9

99.0

100.6

101.9

12.7

12.5

11.6

Material
Carbon
Steel
C-1/2 Moly
Steel
1 Cr-1/2 Mo &
11/4 Cr-1/2 Mo
2-1/4 Cr-1 Mo
5 Cr1/2 Mo

Nickel 200
Ni-Cu Alloy
400
Ni-Cr-Fe
Alloy 600
Ni-Fe-Cr
Alloy 800
Ni-Fe-Cr-MoCu Alloy 825
Ni-Mo
Alloy B
Ni-Mo-Cr
Alloy C-276
Aluminum
Alloy 3003
Aluminum
Alloy 6061
Titanium

12.0

11.7

11.5

11.3

11.2

11.1

11.2

11.3

11.4

Admiralty
Naval Brass
Copper
90-10 Cu-Ni
70-30 Cu-Ni

70.0
71.0
225.0
30.0
18.0

75.0
74.0
225.0
31.0
19.0

79.0
77.0
224.0
34.0
21.0

84.0
80.0
224.0
37.0
23.0

89.0
83.0
223.0
42.0
25.0

47.0
27.0

49.0
30.0

51.0
33.0

53.0
37.0

Muntz
Zirconium
Cr-Mo
Alloy
XM-27
Cr-Ni-Fe-MoCu-Cb
(Alloy 20Cb)

71.0
12.0
11.3

Ni-CrMo-Cb
(Alloy 625)

12.1

13.2

11.0

12.0

7.6

5.67

5.83

6.25

References:
ASME Sect. VIII, Div. 2, 1986 Edition
Huntington Alloy Inc. Bul. #15M1-76T-42.

7.25

8.17

A.I.M.E. Tech. Publications Nos. 291, 360 & 648


Teledyne Wah Chang Albany
Trans. A.S.S.T. Vol. 21 pp. 10611078

9.08

10.08

Babcock & Wilcox Co.


American Brass Co.
Airco, Inc.

(Used by permission: Standards of Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, 7th Ed., Table D-12, 1988 and 1991. All rights reserved.)
Errata Note: k 5 BTU/(hr)(ft)(Ft).

Cabot-Stellite
Carpenter Technology
International Nickel Co.

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