Engineering Mathematics 233 Solutions: Double and triple integrals

Double Integrals 1. Sketch the region R in the xy -plane bounded by the curves y 2 = 2x and y = x, and nd its area. Solution 1 The region R is bounded by the parabola x = y 2 and the straight line y = x. The points of intersection of the two 2 curves are given by y2 y= y 2 2y = 0 y (y 2) = 0 y = 0, 2. 2 This gives the two points A = (0, 0) and B = (2, 2).
y

y 2=2x

The region R is a Type II region, and can be described by R: 0y2 y2 x y. 2

Then,
2 y

area(R)

=
R 2

1 dA =
0 y 2 /2

1 dx dy y2 y3 2 6
2 0

= = 2. Evaluate the integral

3

y2 dy = 2 0 8 2 2 = . 6 3 y
4y

(x + y ) dx dy
y =0 x=1

by interchanging the order of integration. Solution

The region of integration is the Type II region R R: 0y3 1 x 4 y.

x=1 4 3 R x

2 x

1
x = 4y

We have x= 4y x2 = 4 y y = 4 x2 . Then, from the drawing above, we can rewrite the region R as the Type I region R: 1x2 0 y 4 x2 .

Then,
3 y =0 4y 2 4x2

(x + y ) dx dy
x=1

=
x=1 2 y =0

(x + y ) dy dx xy +
1 2

= = =

y2 2

4x2 0

16 8x2 + x4 dx 2 1 4x3 x5 2 241 x4 2x2 + 8x + = . 4 3 10 1 60 4x x3 +

3. Find the volume of the region of R bounded by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 and by the planes z = 0, x = a, x = a, y = a and y = a. Solution

Let S be the 3D region bounded by the paraboloid and the planes.

z a -a -a region R

Then, volume(S ) =
R

x2 + y 2 0 dA,

where R is the projection of S in the xy -plane, i.e. R: Then,

a a

a x a a y a.

volume(S )

=
R a

x2 + y 2 dA =
a a a

x2 + y 2 dy dx
a

= =

4
0 a 0

x2 + y 2 dy dx = 4
0

x2 y +
a 0

y3 3

dx
0

4
0

x2 a + 2a4 3

a3 dx = 4 3 8a4 . 3

x3 a a3 x + 3 3

4. Evaluate
R

x2 + y 2 dA, where R is the region of the plane given by x2 + y 2 a2 .

Solution The region R and the integrand x2 + y 2 are best described with polar coordinates (r, ). In those coordinates, the region R, which is the region inside the circle x2 + y 2 = a2 , becomes R: Then,
2 a

0ra 0 2.

x2 + y 2 dA
R

=
0 2 0 a

r r dr d r2 dr d
0 2

=
0 3

=
0

a 2a3 d = . 3 3

5. Evaluate
R

e(x

+y 2 )

dA, where R is the region of 4. above.

Solution Using polar coordinates again, we write e(x

R
2

+y 2 )

a 0 r 2

dA

=
0 2

er r dr d e 2
a

=
0 2

d
0

=
0

2 2 1 (1 ea ) d = (1 ea ). 2

6. Evaluate the integral Solution

1 1 0 y2

yex dx dy.

Hint: First reverse the order of integration.

If we try to evaluate the integral as written above, then the rst step is to compute the indenite integral ex dx. But ex does not have an indenite integral that can be written in terms of elementary functions. Then, we will st reverse the order of integration. The region of integration is the Type II region R: 0y1 y 2 x 1.
2 2

y 1 x=y2

x 1

Then, R can also be described as the Type I region R: 0x1 0 y x.

This gives
1 0 1 y2

ye

x2

dx dy

=
0 1 0

yex dy dx y 2 x2 e 2
1 0 0 x

=
0

dx

= =

1 2 1 2 4

xex dx ex 2
2

=
0

1 (e 1). 4

7. Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the coordinate axes and the plane 3x + 6y + 4z = 12. Solution We have to nd the volume of the tetrahedron S bounded by the plane 3x + 6y + 4z = 12 z = 12 3x 6y 4

and the coordinate axes. This is the portion of the plane in the rst octant, as one can see from Picture (1).

z 3 plane 3x + 6y + 4z = 12 2 4 x R x Region R 3 line 3x + 6y = 12

(1)

(2)

Then, we have volume(S ) =

R

12 3x 6y dA, 4

where R is the projection of the tetrahedron in the xy -plane. Then, R is the Type I region (see Picture (2)) R: 0x4 12 3x 0y . 6

Finally, this gives volume(S ) = = = = = 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4

4 0 4 0 123x/6

(12 3x 6y ) dy dx (12 3x)y 3y 2

0 4 2 x 2 0 2

dx dx

(12 3x) 2
0 4 0

x x 3 2 2 2

3 2 x 6x + 12 dx 4
4

x3 3x2 + 12x 4

= 4.
0

8. Evaluate the integral

1 0

4y 2

x2 + y 2 dx dy.
3y

Hint: Use polar coordinates. Solution The region R of integration is the Type II region R: 0y1 3yx x2 = 4 y 2

4 y2 x2 + y 2 = 4.

We have x= 4 y2 Then, x varies between the straight line x = 3 y and the circle x2 + y 2 = 4.

The region R is

P = ( 3 , 1)

In polar coordinates, the region R is R: 0r2 0 , 3 y . The straight line and the cicle meet at the points

where is the angle made by the straight line x =

2

3y

+ y 2 = 4 4y 2 = 4 y 2 = 1 y = 1.

The intersection point in the rst quadrant is then P = ( 3, 1) = (2 cos , 2 sin ). Then, = arcsin Finally, the integrand 1 2 = . 6

x2 + y 2 is r in polar coordinates. This gives 2

1 4y 0

/6 0 /6 0

x2 + y 2 dx dy
3y

= = =

r r dr d r3 2 d 3 0 0 8 4 = . 6 3 9

9. Find the volume below the surface z = x2 + y 2 , above the plane z = 0, and inside the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 2y .

Solution Completing the squares, we rewrite the equation of the cylinder as x2 + y 2 = 2y x2 + (y 2 2y ) = 0 x2 + (y 1)2 = 1. The base of the cylinder is then the circle of radius 1 centered at (0, 1). Then, we have to nd the volume of the 3D region:
z

z = x2 + y2 volume

y x region R

From the picture above, we write V =

R

x2 + y 2 dA,

where R is the projection of the 3D region in the plane, i.e. the circle x2 + y 2 = 2y . Using polar coordinates, this gives V =
R

r2 r dr d.

In polar coordinates x = r cos and y = r sin , the circle writes as x2 + y 2 = 2y r2 = 2r sin r = 2 sin , and R is the region R: 0 0 r 2 sin .

Then,
2 sin 0

=
0

r3 dr d = 4
0

= =

sin4 d = 4 3 8 3 = . 2

r4 2 sin d 4 0 0 3 1 1 sin 2 + sin 4 8 4 32

Triple Integrals 10. Evaluate

1 x=0 1 y =0 2 z=

xyz dz dy dx.
x2 +y 2

Solution

1 0 0

1 0

xyz dz dy dx =
x2 +y 2 0 1 1

xyz 2 2 2xy

2 z=

x2 +y 2

dy dx

=
0 1 0 1

xy (x2 + y 2 ) dy dx 2 x3 y y 3 x dy dx 2 2
1

=
0 1 0

2xy xy 2
0 1

= =
0 1

y4 x x3 y 2 4 8

dx
0

x3 x dx 4 8

= = =

7x x3 dx 8 4 0 x4 1 7x2 16 16 0 7 1 3 = . 16 16 8

11. Find the mass of the 3D region B given by x2 + y 2 + z 2 4, x 0, y 0, z 0, if the density is equal to xyz . Solution We have mass(B ) =
B

xyz dV,

and the region B is the portion of the sphere of radius 2 in the rst octant.
z sphere x 2 + y2 + z2 = 4

x x x

x 2 + y2 4

3D region B Then, B can be described as 0z

2D region R

4 x2 y 2 , for all (x, y ) R,

where R is the projection of B in the xy -plane. Describing R as a Type I region, this gives B: 0x2 0 y 4 x2 0z Then,
2 4x2 0 4x2

4 x2 y 2 .

4x2 y 2

mass(B )

=
0 2 0

xyz dz dy dx z2 xy 2
0 4x2 y 2

=
0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0

dy dx

= = = = = = =

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

4x2

xy (4 x2 y 2 ) dy dx 4xy x3 y y 3 x dy dx x3 y 2 y4 x 2 4
0 4x2

4x2

2xy 2
0 2

dx

2x(4 x2 )
0 2

x3 (4 x2 ) (4 x2 )2 x dx 2 4

x5 2x3 + 4x dx 0 4 x6 x4 4x2 2 + 24 2 2 0 64 4 8+8 = . 24 3

12. Find the volume of the region B bounded by the paraboloid z = 4 x2 y 2 and the xy -plane. Solution

We have volume(B ) =
B

1 dV.
z (0,0,4) z = 4 - x2 - y2

y x R

Then, B can be described as 0 z 4 x2 y 2 , for all (x, y ) R, where R is the projection of B in the xy -plane. Then, R is the interior of the circle x2 + y 2 = 4. In polar coordinates, the region R is R: 0 2 0 r 2,

and in cylindrical coordinates, the region B is B: 0 z (4 r2 ) 0 2 0 r 2.

Then,
2 2 0 2 2 0 4r 2

volume(B ) =
0

r dz dr d (4 r2 )r dr d
0 0 2

= = 2
0

4r r3 dr r4 4
2

= 2 2r2

= 2 (4) = 8.
0

13. Find the center of gravity of the region in 12., assuming constant density . Solution By symmetry, x = y = 0. Also, as the density is d(x, y, z ) = , d(x, y, z )z dV z =
B

=
B

z dV 1 dV
B

d(x, y, z ) dV
B

z dV =
B

volume(B )

1 8

z dV .
B

10

Using the description of the region B in cylindrical coordinates of 12., we get

2 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 4r 2

z dV
B

=
0

z r dz dr d (4 r2 )2 r dr d 2

=
0

2 2

16r 8r3 + r5 dr r6 6
2

= 8r2 2r4 + Then, z= 1 8 32 3 = 4 . 3

=
0

32 . 3

14. Evaluate x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV,

B

where B is the region bounded by the plane z = 3 and the cone z = Solution We will use the spherical coordinates
z

x2 + y 2 .

to describe the region B . In those coordinates, x = sin cos y = sin sin z = cos .

Then, the cone z =

x2 + y 2 writes as cos = sin sin = tan = 1 = , cos 4 3 , cos

the plane z = 3 as 3 = cos =

11

and the region B can be described as B: 4 0 2 3 0 . cos 0

z=3

z =

x 2 + y2
y

Finally, in spherical coordinates, Then,

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = .
2 /4 0 /4 0 /4 0 3/ cos 3/ cos

x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV
B

=
0

2 sin d d d sin
0

= 2 = = = 2
0 4

3 d d 4 4
3/ cos

sin

d
0

= 15. Evaluate

/4 3 sin d 4 0 cos4 81 (cos )3 /4 2 3 0 3 81 2 27 1 = 2 21 . 6 2 2

x2 + y 2 + z 2
B

3/2

dV,

where B is the region bounded by the spheres x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 and x2 + y 2 + z 2 = b2 , where a > b > 0. Solution Using spherical coordinates, the region B between the 2 spheres can be described as B: 0 2 0 a b.

12

Then,
2 0 0 a a b b

(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )3/2 dV
B

=
0

3 2 sin d d d 1 sin d d
b

= 2 = 2
0

ln b a b a
a

sin d sin d
0

= 2 ln = 2 ln

cos

= 4 ln
0

b a

16. Find the volume of the region B bounded above by the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 and below by the plane z = b, where a > b > 0. Solution The region B can be described as the set of (x, y, z ) R such that bz a2 x2 y 2
3

13

for all (x, y ) in the plane region bounded by the circle x2 + y 2 + b2 = a2 x2 + y 2 = a2 b2 .

(0, 0, a) B z=b

sphere

x2 + y2 + z2 = a2

The region B is best described in cylindrical coordinates, and this gives B: bz a2 r2

0 r a2 b2 0 2. Then, volume(B ) =
2

1 dV
B a2 b2 b a2 b2 a2 r 2

=
0 2 0

r dz dr d ( a2 r2 b)r dr d
0 0 a2 b2

= = = = = 2
0

a2 r2 r br dr

(a2 r2 )3/2 r2 b (3/2)(2) 2

a2 b2

1 b 2 (b2 )3/2 (a2 )3/2 (a2 b2 ) 3 2 a3 b3 a2 b b3 a3 a2 b b3 2 + = 2 + 3 2 2 3 2 6

17. Sketch the region B whose volume is given by the triple integral
4 0 0 (4x)/2 0 (123x6y )/4

1 dz dy dx. Rewrite the triple integral using the order of integration dV = dy dx dz. Solution From the triple integral, the region B is described by 0z 12 3x 6y , 4 14

i.e. z varies between the planes z = 0 and z = the region R described by

12 3x 6y 3x + 6y + 4z = 12. Furthermore, (x, y ) are in 4 4x 2 0 x 4, 0y

R:

which is the projection of the plane 3x + 6y + 4z = 12 in the xy -plane.

z

(0,0,3)

y (0,2,0) x (4,0,0) region R

We now use the ordre of integration dV = dy dx dz . The region B be can be described as 0y 12 3x 4x 6

for all (x, z ) in the region R which is the projection of B in the xz -plane. Then, R can be described as R: 0z3 (12 4z ) 0x . 3

This gives
4 0 0 (4x)/2 0 (123x6y )/4 3 (124z )/3 0 0 (123x4z )/6

1 dz dy dx =
0

1 dy dx dz.

18. Evaluate x2 + y 2 dV,

B

where B is the region lying above the xy -plane, and below cone z = 4 Solution The region B be can be described as 0z 4 x2 y 2 ,

x2 + y 2 .

for all (x, y ) R,

where R is the projection of B in the xy -plane. Then, R is the region inside the curve 0=4 x2 + y 2 x2 + y 2 = 16,

15

which is a circle of radius 4.

z

z = 4

+y

y x R

We then use cylindrical coordinates to describe the region B . This gives B: 0z 4r 0r4 0 2.

Then,
2 4 0 2 4 0 4r

x2 + y 2 dV
B

=
0

r r dz dr d r2 (4 r) dr d
0 2 0 4

= =
0 2 0

4r2 r3 dr r4 4r3 3 4
2 4

=
0

d
0

64 3

d =
0

64 (2 ). 3

19. Evaluate the integral

4 0 0

16x2 0

(16x2 y 2 )

x2 + y 2 dz dy dx. Hint: First convert to cylindrical coordinates. Solution The region B described by the integral is the region given by 0 z (16 x2 y 2 ), i.e. bounded below by the plane z = 0 and above by the paraboloid z = 16 x2 y 2 , for all (x, y ) R. For the region R, we have 0 y 16 x2 , i.e. y varies between the straight line y = 0 and the top part of the circle x2 + y 2 = 16. Similarly, x varies between

16

the straight lines x = 0 and x = 4. Then, R is the portion of the circle x2 + y 2 = 16 in the rst quadrant.
z

(0,0,16) z = 16 - (x2 + y2)

y =

16 x

y x R 0 4

3D region B

2D region R

The region B is best described in cylindrical coordinates as B: 0 z 16 r2 0 /2 0 r 4.

Then,
4 0 0 16x2 0 16x2 y 2 /2 4 0 4 0 16r 2

x2

y2

dz dy dx =
0

r r dz dr d 2 2 2 2 r2 (16 r2 ) dr
0 4

= = = = 20. Evaluate

16r2 r4 dr
0

16r3 r5 4 3 5 0 2048 1024 = . 15 15

x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV,
B

where B is the region above the xy -plane bounded by the cone z 2 = 3(x2 + y 2 ) and by the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1. Solution In spherical coordinates (, , ), the sphere is x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 2 = 1 = 1, and the cone is z 2 = 3(x2 + y 2 ) 2 cos2 = 32 sin2 tan2 = 1 4 1 . tan = = or 6 6 3 3

17

The part of the cone above the xy -plane corresponds to =

4 . 6

sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = 1

top part of cone z2 = 3(x2 + y2 )

Then, in spherical coordinates, the region B is B: 01 0 6 0 2.

Then,
2 /6 0 2 /6 0 1

x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV

=
0

2 sin d d d sin
0 0 2 0 2 0 /6 /6

= = = = = 1 4 1 4 1 4

4 4

d d
0

sin d d cos
0 2

d
0

3 d 2

3 2

. 2

18