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A Hybrid Approach using Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network for Enhancement of Low Contrast Images
Ms. Manu Gupta
M.Tech Student, RIET Phagwara manasvinigupta@gmail.com
Abstract: Many computer vision or machine vision researchers are working on the field of image enhancement now days. The main attraction towards this research area is because of the additional knowledge and hidden information provided by the results of this procedure which will further be used for many different useful purposes. Number of algorithms were purposed for enhancing an image like Histogram Equalization, High boost filtering etc. The different results which we can get from these methods can be compare against the parameters like MSE (Mean Square Error), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio). In this paper we proposed a new hybrid technique by considering two optimization techniques Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic for image enhancement and want to compare results with the existing techniques by considering above said parameters. Keywords: Fuzzy Logic, ANN, Histogram Equalization, High boost filtering, Computer Vision.
Image enhancement techniques can be divided into three broad categories: 1) Spatial domain methods, which operate directly on pixels. 2) Frequency domain methods, which operate on the Fourier transform of an image. 3) Fuzzy domain methods, which involves the use of knowledge-base systems. Whenever an image is converted from one form to another such as digitizing, scanning, transmitting, storing, etc. some degradation occurs at the output. Hence, the output image has to undergo a process called image enhancement. Fuzzy image processing is the collection of all approaches that understand, represent and process the images, their segments and features as fuzzy sets. The representation and processing depend on the selected fuzzy technique and on the problem to be solved. The idea of fuzzy sets is simple, natural and on the basis for human communication. Because fuzzy logic is built on the structures of qualitative description used in everyday language, fuzzy logic is easy to use. A filtering system needs to be capable of reasoning with vague and uncertain information. This suggests the use of fuzzy logic. There is no general theory for determining what good image enhancement is when it comes to human perception. If it looks good, it is good! However when image enhancement techniques are used as pre-processing tools for other image processing techniques, then quantitative measures can determine which techniques is most appropriate. Fuzzy image enhancement is based on gray level mapping into a fuzzy plane, using a membership transformation Function. The aim is to generate an image of higher contrast than the original image. An image I of size M x N and L gray level can be considered as an array of fuzzy singletons, each having a value of membership denoting its Degree of brightness relative to some brightness levels
I. INTRODUCTION An image may be defined as a two dimensional function f(x, y), where x and y are spatial (plane) coordinates and the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates (x, y) is called the intensity or gray level of the image at that point. When x, y and the amplitude values are all finite, discrete quantities, the image is called a digital image. A digital image is a representation of a two-dimensional image as a finite set of digital values. It is composed of a finite number of elements each of which has a particular location and value. These elements are referred to as picture elements, image elements and pixels. Image enhancement processes consist of a collection of techniques that seek to improve the visual appearance of an image or to convert the image to a form better suited for analysis by a human or a machine.
Input Image
Enhancement
Output Image
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Defuzzification
The fuzzification and de-fuzzification steps are due to the fact that we do not possess fuzzy hardware. Therefore, the coding of image data (fuzzification) and decoding of the results (defuzzification) are steps that make possible to process images with fuzzy techniques. The main power of fuzzy image processing is in the middle step (modification of membership values). After the image data is transformed from graylevel plane to the membership plane (fuzzification), appropriate fuzzy techniques modify
the membership values. This can be a fuzzy clustering, a fuzzy rule-based approach, and a fuzzy integration approach and so on. If we interpret the image features as linguistic variables, then we can use fuzzy if-then rules to segment the image into different regions. A simple fuzzy segmentation rule may seem as follows: IF the pixel is dark AND its neighborhood is also dark AND homogeneous THEN it belongs to the background.
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an information-processing paradigm that is inspired by the way a biological nervous system in human brain works. Large number of neurons present in the human brain forms the key element of the neural
network paradigm and act as elementary processing elements. These neurons are highly interconnected and work in unison to solve complex problems. Likewise, an Artificial Neural Network can be
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Resize
Resize
Addition of Noise
(If required)
Output Image of Phase-I
Histogram Equalization
Spatial Averaging
Median Filters
Filter
Enhanced Image2 Enhanced Image3
Enhanced
Image1
And then from those weights, we can find some decisive values which then used in fuzzification process. Here we proposed three membership functions for fuzzification process as one triangular membership function and two trapezoidal membership functions. Then we apply the defuzzification process to get the enhanced image after the entire processing.
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IV. CONCLUSION Existing techniques of image enhancement are not effective in dealing with imprecise data, vague and uncertain information. Most of the existing techniques are either very sensitive to noise and do not give satisfactory results in low contrast and light variations areas. Noise smoothing and edge enhancement are inherently conflicting processes, since smoothing a region might destroy an edge, while sharpening edges might lead to unnecessary noise. There is requirement of technique which can enhance the images while edge preservation, noise removal and smoothing. Because of the uncertainty that exist in many aspects of image processing, fuzzy processing is desirable. These uncertainties include additive and non-additive noise in low level image processing, imprecision & ambiguities in interpretation during high level image processing. Number of decisions have to make to decide which pixel can be consider as Edge pixel or not so again Neural Network is required to make random decisions. So because of the decisive nature of Neural Network and the power of Fuzzy system to deal with the uncertainty issue proposed method looks very good for low contrast images REFERENCES
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