Next Generation Backhauling Using Carrier Ethernet Technology

Dr. Yi-Neng Lin () MEF Carrier Ethernet Certified Professional (MEF; MEF-CECP No.A0966X1)

Carrier Access Services: Evolution And Opportunity R reliability Q quality of service S scalability
B bandwidth M management
Fixed Phone

R
Internet Service

All-IP Networks with Fixed-Mobile Convergence

IP-based Triple Play

IPTV

Mobile Internet Backhaul

S
2

Carrier Ethernet Standardized Enhancement

OAM support - 802.3ah (EFM) - 802.1ag (CFM) - Y.1731 Interoperability - MEF9 for scalability - MEF14 for QoS - MEF18 for CES - MEF21&25 for OAM

Service MGMT

Standardized Service

QoS features - Hierarchical QoS - trTCM policing - Synchronization - Active PM

Quality of Service

Gigabit Carrier Ethernet

Reliability

Scalability

Protection - Link aggregation - Linear protection - Ring protection - End-to-end protection

- E-Line/E-Tree/E-LAN

The TOP Problem

Transport

802.1ad/QinQ: scalable VLAN architecture E-Line/E-Tree/E-LAN: flexible topology layout Hierarchical QoS: manipulation at different granularities Protection

Operation

OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance) Link + Service OAM Y.1731 performance measurement (PM) Element Management System
Synchronization SLA verification
4

Precision

TRANSPORT OPERATION
PRECISION

E-Line: Alternative To TDM-Based Private Line

HQ of A company

Carrier Ethernet Network

OptiQNet 842

Branch of A company

Point-to-Point EVC1
Point-to-Point EVC2 Physical or logical (via LAG) port

OptiQNet 842

HQ of B company

Branch of B company EPL: Ethernet Private Line EVPL: Ethernet Virtual Private Line EVC: Ethernet Virtual Connection

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

E-LAN: Virtual Private LAN

Central Office

Internet
EVC
OptiQNet 842

Branch

EVC EVC EVC

OptiQNet 842

Carrier Ethernet Network

Branch

OptiQNet 842

OptiQNet 842

HQ

Branch

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

E-Tree: Rooted Point-To-Multipoint

Internet
Central Office (root)
EVC eNodeB
OptiQNet 842 (leaf) UNI x1

EVC

EVC EVC

OptiQNet 842 (leaf) UNI x3

Carrier Ethernet Network OptiQNet 842

(leaf)

OptiQNet 842 (leaf)

LTE-enabled mobile stations

UNI x4

UNI x2

Enterprise building

SMB

Residence 7

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

User Network Interface

Bundling Service

Allow multiple CE-VLANs to be mapped to a single EVC in the UNI All CE-VLAN are mapped to a single EVC in the UNI Allow multiple EVCs at a UNI
EVC1 EVC2 MP-to-MP EVC
EVC2 EVC1

All-To-One Bundling Service

Service Multiplexing

Service multiplexing

Point-to-Point EVC

Bundling
UNI

All-to-one Bundling Bundling

CE-VLANs

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

Service Attributes
Attribute UNI Identifier Physical Medium Speed Mode MAC Layer UNI Maximum Transmission Unit Size Service Multiplexing UNI EVC ID CE-VLAN ID for untagged and priority tagged Service Frames CE-VLAN ID/EVC Map Maximum Number of EVCs Bundling All to One Bundling Ingress Bandwidth Profile Per Ingress UNI Ingress Bandwidth Profile Per EVC Type of Parameter Value Any string A Standard Ethernet PHY ([2] or [3]) 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 10/100 Mbps AutoNegotiation, 1 Gbps, or 10 Gbps20 Full Duplex IEEE 802.3 2005 [2] Integer 1522. Yes or No A string formed by the concatenation of the UNI ID and the EVC ID A number in 1, 2, , 4094. Attribute EVC Type EVC ID UNI List Maximum Number of UNIs EVC Maximum Transmission Unit Size CE-VLAN ID Preservation CE-VLAN CoS Preservation Unicast Service Frame Delivery Multicast Service Frame Delivery Broadcast Service Frame Delivery Type of Parameter Value Point-to-Point, Multipoint-to-Multipoint, or RootedMultipoint An arbitrary string, unique across the MEN, for the EVC supporting the service instance A list of <UNI Identifier, UNI Type> pairs Integer. MUST be 2 if EVC Type is Point-to-Point. MUST be greater than or equal to 2 otherwise. Integer 1522. Yes or No Yes or No Discard, Deliver Unconditionally, or Deliver Conditionally. If Deliver Conditionally is used, then the conditions MUST be specified. Discard, Deliver Unconditionally, or Deliver Conditionally. If Deliver Conditionally is used, then the conditions MUST be specified. Discard, Deliver Unconditionally, or Deliver Conditionally. If Deliver Conditionally is used, then the conditions MUST be specified. A list of Layer 2 Control Protocols labeled Tunnel or Discard. Performance objectives for One-way Frame Delay Performance, One-way Frame Delay Range Performance, One-way Mean Frame Delay Performance, Inter-Frame Delay Variation Performance, One-way Frame Loss Ratio Performance, and Availability Performance and associated Class of Service Identifier(s) as defined in Section 6.8.

Map as per Section 7.7 Integer 1 Yes or No21 Yes or No No or parameters as defined in Section 7.11.1 No or parameters as defined in Section 7.11.1 for each EVC Ingress Bandwidth Profile Per Class of No or parameters as defined in Section Service Identifier 7.11.1 for each Class of Service Identifier Egress Bandwidth Profile Per Egress No or parameters as defined in Section UNI 7.11.1 Egress Bandwidth Profile Per EVC No or parameters as defined in Section 7.11.1 for each EVC Egress Bandwidth Profile Per Class of No or parameters as defined in Section Service Identifier 7.11.1 for each Class of Service Identifier Layer 2 Control Protocols Processing A list of Layer 2 Control Protocols with each being labeled with one of Discard, Peer, Pass to EVC, Peer and Pass to EVC

Layer 2 Control Protocols Processing

EVC Performance

UNI and EVC per UNI Service Attributes

EVC Service Attributes

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

TDM Service Compatibility -- Pseudowire

BSC/RNC T1/E1

Metro Ethernet Network

BTS/NodeB T1/E1

TDM Network Interface

CESoETH/SAToP/CESoPSN Pseudowire
IP IP UDP CESoPSN CW RTP TDM Payload

TDM Subscriber Demarcation

Q-in-Q
ECID

IP UDP SAToP CW RTP TDM Payload

IP UDP CESoPSN CW RTP TDM Payload TDM Payload

ECID CESoETH CW TDM Payload RTP TDM Payload

UDP SAToP CW RTP TDM Payload

MPLS
VPLS

CESoETH CW RTP TDM Payload

MEF ITU, IETF, MFA IETF CESoETH CESoPSN SAToP

MEF ITU, IETF, MFA IETF CESoETH CESoPSN SAToP

10

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

Reliability and Redundancy

Interface reliability

PLR (Packet Loss Rate) <10-9 Jumbo frame size over 9000 bytes 802.3ad Link Aggregation G.8031 Ethernet Linear Protection Switching (ELPS) G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection Switching (ERPS)

Link redundancy

Nodal redundancy
Heart-beat based fail-over Multi-homing End-to-End path redundancy G.8031 Ethernet Linear Protection Switching (ELPS)

11

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

Link Aggregation
EVC1 EVC2 EVC3

Up to 8 links into one logical LAG Packet distribution

Round-Robin MAC address, VLAN, etc

LACP

LAG Logical Port

Link Aggregation Control Protocol

Frame Collector

Frame Distributor

Conversation-based Dynamic and automatic configuration

PHY Port

PHY Port

PHY Port

12

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

G.8031 (Ethernet Linear Protection Switching)

For Point-to-Point Ethernet Connection

1+1 or 1:1; revertive or non-revertive

<50ms protection switching time APS messages for protection initiation Support of administrative commands

Forced Switch(FS), Manual Switch(MS), etc

Working Channel
CCM

Working Channel

CCM

CCM, APS

CCM, APS

Protection Channel

Protection Channel
13

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

G.8032 (Ethernet Ring Protection Switching)

For Ethernet Rings <50ms protection switching time R-APS messages for protection behavior Preventing any loops by blocking mechanism Support of administrative commands

2008/06 2012/03

48 pages

99 pages

Aside G.8032, concerns are - Topology construction - VLAN configuration

Logically Block

14

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

Flexible QoS Architecture

CoS 1 CoS 2 VLAN 100 Port VLAN CoS

Flow with QoS profile

VLAN 1
VLAN 2 port 1
15

classification

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

SLA Enforcement Using Traffic Conditioners

EIR
CIR Two-Rate-Three-Color algorithm CBS meter

EBS

RFC2698: A Two Rate Three Color Marker

shaper

16

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

Link/Service OAM

EMS

- OAM operations of managed EDDs - PM and statistics - SNMP - EDD topology discovery

UNI

UNI

CE

OptiQNet 842

OptiQNet 842

CE

Link OAM (802.3ah)

Service OAM (802.1ag, Y.1731)

CE: Customer Edge

Carrier Ethernet Network

17

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

IEEE 802.3ah-2004 (Link OAM)

Subset of the Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM)

Primitive fault management Dying Gasp, Event Notification, Loopback

EMS
Far End Fault Indication

Capable of RFC2544-based PM

TX

RX

RX

TX

Device A

Device B

Per Link Fault Isolation Near-Side Port Performance Management

Device C

Device D

18

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

IEEE 802.1ag (Connectivity Fault Mgmt, CFM)

Hierarchical fault management

Integration with EVC and LAG!

Different levels of authority (MD, MDL) Continuity Check (CC), Link Trace (LT), Loop Back (LB)
operator A Provider Bridges operator B Provider Bridges CE

CE

customer MD Level

provider MD Level
operator MD Level operator MD Level

Link OAM

Link OAM

MEG(Maintenance Entity Group)

MEP (Maintenance End Point)

MIP (MEG Intermediate Point) 19

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

ITU-T Y.1731

Superset over CFM Enhancement on performance measurement (PM)

Delay Measurement (DM): One-way or Two-way Delay Measurement Loss Measurement (LM): Single-ended or Dual-ended Loss Measurement Metro Ethernet Network
UNI

UNI

CE

OptiQNet 842

OptiQNet 842

CE

One-way Delay Measurement

Two-way Delay Measurement

20

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

TOPview

TM

Fault Config Security

Element Mgmt System

Visualized nodal/group display Manual/Automatic inventory discovery Drag-and-drop location management Automated deployment (patent pending)

MGMT

Accounting

Performance

21

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

TOPviewTM Web-based Technology

Functional Tabs
Monitoring various activities in REAL-TIME!

Contrasted to traditional app-based, the web-based clients never need to upgrade!

22

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

Deployment Automation -- RapiDep

Proprietary algorithm Automatically connect to EMS and establish EVC Use LLDP-2009 as an assistant to find EMS Patent-pending
Metro Ethernet Network
New participant
LLDP LLDP

Periodical LLDP multicast

LLDP
LLDP

EMS

23

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

Precision via Synchronization

Critical for 2G~4G mobile infrastructure to be operational

SDH transport: 50ppm (phase) and frequency (ex: 2 or 10MHz) Between BSs and BSC: 0.05ppm (phase) and frequency (ex: 2 or 10MHz) Between NodeBs and RNC: 0.05ppm (phase) and 3us (time) accuracy over a 30-hops span PW ACR (Adaptive Clock Recovery) Frequency Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) Frequency IEEE 1588-2008 ToD, Phase
Mobile Network Architecture CDMA2000 GSM UMTS-FDD LTE-FDD UMTS-TDD LTE-TDD Frequency Sync Time/Phase Sync

Solutions

Mobile WiMAX
TD-SCDMA

24

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)

Other SyncE Masters

Inherited from SDH Immune from congestion Two major mechanisms

PRC H/W-based CDR ~ ESMC and SSM Unidirectional Broadcast Master selection Timing loop prevention

Master MAC processor

ESMC

Slave MAC processor

PLL

PHY/CDR

PHY/CDR

PLL

CDR: Clock and Data Recovery ESMC: Ethernet Synchronization Message Channel SSM: Synchronization Status Message

ITU-T ITU-T ITU-T ITU-T

G.8261: Timing and synchronization aspects in packet network G.8262: Timing characteristics of Synchronous Ethernet equipment slave clock G.8264: Distribution of timing through packet networks G.781: Synchronization layer functions (ESMC and SSM)
25

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

1588v2 Application Scenario

- SLA verification - Necessary for 3.5G and LTE networks - Generally in sub-microsecond precision - Master selection algorithm
OptiQNet 842

NodeB

1588v2

Latency to be verified for SLA

RNC

NodeB
OptiQNet 842
1588v2 1588v2 1588v2
1588v2 1588v2

1588v2

Carrier Ethernet Network

eNodeB
OptiQNet 842

S-GW
1588v2

1588v2 master clock

26

G.8261 Testbed
TP5000

Anue 3500

1PPS/10MHz test (test case 12~17)

CES test (test case 1~11)

27

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

G.8261 Test Results

28

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

SLA Verification with RFC2544 -- TOPsure

TM

Patent Pending! H/W unit dedicated for PM Out-of-service test In-service test (per-port, per-vlan/EVC) Verify whether SLA is satisfied Y.1564 under development
SLA Bandwidth

RFC 2544 Test traffic

Data traffic

OptiQNet 842

OptiQNet 842

Start to test throughput

Start to receive frames

EMS

Send result back to EMS

29

Fiberlogics solutions to
Carrier Ethernet Transport Portfolio

OptiQmax-5300

802.1Q double-tagging trTCM-based policer and traffic shaper Real-time flow monitoring OAM support including 802.3ah, 802.1ag and Y.1731 Neighbor discovery RFC2544 tester IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2) time synchronization
30

Key Features of OptiQNet 842 (1/2)

Full Gigabit interfaces

4 UNIs and 2 SFP-based optical NNIs Link aggregation (802.3ad) for NNIs TDR for copper diagnosis E-Line/E-LAN/E-Tree based on 802.1Q double-tagging (Provider Bridge, PB) 256 concurrent VLANs, 4096VIDs Per- port/VLAN SLA guarantee (trTCM policing) Real-time traffic monitoring Strict-Priority and Weighted Fair Queuing egress scheduling

VLAN (MEF9 certified)

QoS (MEF14 certified)

31

Key Features of OptiQNet 842 (2/2)

OAM functionalities

802.3ah: fault detection, event notification, dying gasp 802.1ag: 8 maintenance domain levels and up to 256 MEPs Y.1731: throughput, latency, jitter and loss measurement RFC 2544 tester and analyzer (patent pending) IEEE 1588v2 and SyncE RapiDep deployment automation (patent pending) Neighbor discovery + LLDP-2009 on managed EDDs Local and remote management interfaces Web, SNMP v1/v2c/v3, SSH Access Control List, DHCP Dual boot images in case of remote firmware upgrade failure
32

Advanced

MGMT (with TOPviewTM EMS)

Unique Features of OptiQmax 5300

Timing interfaces (1PPS/ToD/10MHz)

LCD-based local control module

- Configuration w/o a terminal device (NB) - Simplified on-site trouble-shooting

Fully modulized UNI/NNI interfaces

- T1/E1 x4 or GbE x2 per module - CES-capable - Flexible combination

Dual power modules (AC/DC)

33

TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

Other Supported Deployment Scenario (1/2)

Access Loop Optical Extension application
Legacy 2G BSs
T1/E1 x4 T1/E1 x4 Ethernet x2 Ethernet x2 3.5G/4G(LTE)
OptiQmax 5300

SC+TC G.8031

SC+TC T1/E1
OptiQmax 5300 Local

T1/E1 Ethernet Ethernet

NG-SDH or PTN

Remote

Extend NG-SDH/PTNs reach to remote cell sites Configuration extremely simple IP not necessary for Remote single-ended maintenance Remote link fault propagation Mostly adopted by our customer

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TRANSPORT OPERATION PRECISION

Other Supported Deployment Scenario (2/2)

SC+TC T1/E1 x4 T1/E1 x4 Ethernet x2 Ethernet x2
OptiQmax 5300

Multi-Stage Service Multiplexer application

SC+TC

SC+TC

G.8031

OptiQmax 5300

OptiQmax 5300

T1/E1 x4 T1/E1 x4 Ethernet x2 Ethernet x2 stage1 (access)

OptiQmax 5300

NG-SDH or PTN

OptiQmax 5300

...

...
stage2 (aggregation)

stage2

OptiQmax 5300

Extend NG-SDH/PTNs reach to remote cell sites Configuration extremely simple for stage1 while minor at stage2 Less TCO and NG-SDH/PTN port consumption 10G interface at stage2 to be developed

stage1

35

Capability Paralleling Major Vendors

Thoroughly tested by authoritative testers?
OAM OptiQNet-842
(ETX-204A)

2544
Yes

MEF9
(VLAN)

MEF14 (QoS)
ALL EPL EVPL EPL ALL ALL
(RC-551)

SyncE
Yes (ESMC)

1588v2
TC/SC

ETH IFs
UNI x2 NNI x4

CES
(TDM)

Pwr

Remarks - IEEE802.1AB-2009 (LLDP) not needed for client S/W

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

ALL EPL EVPL ALL ALL ALL

(RC-551)

N/A

Dual - Web-based EMS; upgrade

RAD

Yes
Yes Yes N/A Yes Yes

Yes
N/A PHY N/A N/A Yes

Telco Systems (T-Marc 340) Accedian/JDSU

(MetroNID)

(RC551E-4GE)

Tellabs (7305) Raisecom

Raisecom
(iTN204)

ALL

ALL

N/A EPL EVPL ALL ALL

N/A EPL EVPL ALL ALL

(FSP150CC-GE206) (OS910M )

ADVA MRV

Yes
Yes

Yes
N/A

NNI x2 UNI x4 NNI x2 N/A (website) UNI x4 NNI x2 N/A UNI x2 NNI x2 N/A UNI x1 NNI x2 N/A UNI x4 TC/SC/ NNI x2 BC UNI x4 NNI x2 Yes UNI x6 NNI x2 N/A UNI x6
TC/SC

N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes

Dual
Single Dual Single Dual Dual

- Limited number of UNIs

- Similar to Omnitrons NID - Only one UNI

N/A
Yes

Dual
Dual

Highest-end EDD in the FSP150cc family

OptiQmax-5300

Yes

Yes (ESMC)

UNI: up TC/SC to 8 NNI x2

Yes

- LCD-based control module Flexibility on deployment Dual - Highly modulized interfaces - Dual-image support

OAM: Y.1731, IEEE802.1ag, IEEE802.3ah

MEF certification coverage: EPL/EVPL/E-LAN

36

OptiQmax-6400 Aggregation Switch

Interfaces

NNI: 10GbE x2~4 UNI: GbE or T1/E1 modules STM1 to be determined UNI-based protection switching (with NNIs at Access) UNI-based link aggregation (with NNIs at Access)

Protection

Protocols similar to those in Access model Under development

37

Next Generation Telecom Networks

Enterprise

Access

Carrier Ethernet Aggregation

Multiservice Core

Ethernet (PB)

Residential
DSLAM

Aggregators

Core Routers VoD Server

SIP server

STB PON

Data GW

Mobile

Aggregation Network
2G/3G Node

Core Network (IP/MPLS)

PB, PBB/PBB-TE, MPLS-TP or IP/MPLS

IP-based

IP-based
38

Two Competing Task Forces

ITU/IETF
MPLS-TP - MPLS, PW - VPLS/H-VPLS - OAM (to be ratified) - G.8113.1/G.8113.2

G.8113.1: Y.1731-based G.8113.2: BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding detection)

LAN
(Ethernet)

MEN
IEEE
PB/PBB/PBB-TE - RSTP/MSTP - Q-in-Q - MAC-in-MAC - Traffic Engbneering

Core
(IP/MPLS)

Packet Transport Network (PTN)

39

PTN Access Multiplexer and Aggregator

MPLS-TP based protocol extension

Data-plane: MPLS Control-plane: LDP (Label Distribution Protocol), routing protocols, etc Mgmt-plane: G.8113.1 and/or G.8113.2 OptiQmax-5300TP (MPLS-TP) TDM: SAToP/CESoPSN support for T1/E1 UNI STM-1 module (may require H/W upgrade) Chassis-based architecture NNI module types: 10G, STM-16/STM-64 UNI module types: GbE, STM-1
40

Field upgradable w/o H/W modification

Access model extension

Aggregation model

Solution to TOP The Better Choice

Topology scalability and flexibility Reliability Per-VLAN, per-CoS QoS and active PM Standard-compliant OAM framework Synchronization support (SyncE/1588v2) Flexible deployment schemes Friendly LCD-based control interface Total Cost of Ownership
41